Relevant bibliographies by topics / Failed studies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Failed studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Failed studies"

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Yu, Timothy. "Has Asian American Studies Failed?" Journal of Asian American Studies 15, no. 3 (2012): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2012.0026.

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Campo, Natasha. "‘FEMINISM FAILED ME’." Australian Feminist Studies 24, no. 61 (2009): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164640903074910.

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Lesko, Lawrence J., Dennis Bashaw, Dale P. Conner, and Peter K. Honig. "Clinical consequences of ‘failed’ bioequivalence studies." European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 25, no. 1 (2000): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03190066.

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Bråten, Beret. "Has Democracy Failed Women?" NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 26, no. 3 (2018): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2018.1497705.

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Sorensen, Sue. "“He thinks he’s failed”." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 43, no. 4 (2014): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429814526145.

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This survey of clerical characters in Canadian English fiction from Ralph Connor (1901) to Marina Endicott (2008) indicates that our literary ministers, which have been very little studied, deviate significantly from British and American traditions. Writers such as Sinclair Ross (1941) , Margaret Laurence (1964) , Robertson Davies (1970 , 1981), and Warren Cariou (1999) present ministries that thrive when they are plural, communal, spontaneous, or feminine. Christian leadership in these books is surprising and eccentric, often shaped by pastors who do successful ministry in spite of themselves. Their lack of faith or confidence is often a key component of their ministries. Additionally, ministry arises from unexpected sources not sanctioned by ecclesiastical authority and is nevertheless effective and resilient.
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Levin, Michael. "Why Liberalism Failed." European Legacy 24, no. 6 (2019): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2019.1576344.

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Macdonald, K. A., and H. Aigner. "Some case studies of failed austenitic drillcollars." Engineering Failure Analysis 3, no. 4 (1996): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-6307(96)00018-0.

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Theiss, Langhoff, and Schulte. "SPACE and EVA-3S: Two failed studies?" Vasa 36, no. 2 (2007): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.36.2.77.

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Murphy, Frederick J., and G. B. Sayler. "Sayler's "Have the Promises Failed?"." Jewish Quarterly Review 77, no. 2/3 (1986): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1454487.

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Buchanan, Colin. "Book Review: Has Keele Failed?" Theology 100, no. 793 (1997): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x9710000121.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failed studies"

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Rajakumar, Nolan. "Why Empirical Studies of the Groupthink Model have Failed." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2080.

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The theory of groupthink has been highly beneficial in the study of how groups make decisions. It has permeated almost every field containing decision making groups. Despite its popularity, there has been a surprising lack of empirical support for the model. It is the aim of this paper to suggest a possible explanation for the current state of groupthink research. First the groupthink model is described briefly, followed by a look at several selected empirical and case studies of groupthink. A potential reason for the dearth of empirical is then proposed along with a suggestion for future groupthink research.
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Benson, Josef D. "Failed Heroes: Hypermasculinity in the Contemporary American Novel." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3975.

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My study highlights a link of U.S. American hypermasculinity running through Cormac McCarthy's two novels Blood Meridian (1985) and All the Pretty Horses (1992), Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon (1977), and James Baldwin's Another Country (1960). My literary interpretations of these texts suggest that U.S. American hypermasculine man originated in the American frontier and transformed into a definition of hegemonic masculinity embraced by many southern rural American men. These southern rural American men then concocted the myth of the black rapist in order to justify the mass murder of African American men after Reconstruction, inadvertently creating a figure more hypermasculine than themselves. Many black men embraced the myth of the black rapist as well as the baser patriarchal aspects of white male southern power. Consequently, black hypermasculinity evolved into the paragon of American hypermasculinity. Failed Heroes further argues that some protagonists in postwar American literature heroically fail in order not to perpetuate hypermasculinities. Continuing a modernist trend of anti-heroism, the selected protagonists develop into marginalized men due to their failure to live up to hypermasculine societal expectations. The protagonists' failure to perpetuate hypermasculinities proves heroic since it illustrates the destructiveness of these sensibilities; as a result, a sense of ironic heroism emerges from the narratives. In Blood Meridian, set in the mid-nineteenth century U.S. American West, the kid fails heroically to construct a masculine identity outside of the textual order of the judge, indicting the hypermasculine philosophies of the judge and calling into question the book's violence. In no way is the kid a classic hero; rather, his collapse exists as a direct critique of the judge's destructive philosophies. In All the Pretty Horses, set in the mid-twentieth century U.S. American South, John Grady fails to actualize his cowboy fantasy, but proves heroic in exposing its danger and destructiveness. At the end of the novel he vanishes into the countryside a failure, but unlike the mythic cowboy, he assumes the role of heroic failure because his narrative contributes to the relinquishment of a destructive male myth. In Song of Solomon, set in Ohio and Virginia during Reconstruction and the Civil Rights and Black Liberation Movements, Milkman Dead functions as a black man who has the opportunity to break free from choking definitions of black masculinity. In the end he fails to break free and flies to Africa, leaving his family and his only hope at real freedom, his aunt Pilate, to die. Continuing a cycle of male flight at the expense of his family, community, and cultural guide renders him a failure. Morrison's final critique of hypermasculinity positions Pilate as the failed hero and shifts the emphasis of the novel to the women who represent victims of kinship systems and the incest taboo. The incest in the novel functions as a metaphor for Pilate's philosophy that black identity ought to come from black culture, a notion I call cultural incest. Another Country, set in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s, details the plight of an urban African American man struggling to reconcile his homosexual desire with the black hypermasculine cool pose he dons as overcompensation. Rufus Scott's death proves heroic as a critique of the rigid definitions of urban black masculinity. African Americans, and by extension all Americans, might employ their U.S. American history of oppression as a platform for a new vision of masculinity based on heteronormative failure and queerness. The association of blackness with oppression, and as a result non-normative sexuality, presents an opportunity to redefine blackness as abjection. The very failure of African Americans in measuring up to destructive notions of hypermasculinity might exist as a new definition of blackness and masculinity for all Americans.
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Holmgren, Johan. "Terrorism : And its connection to failed states." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8090.

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<p>Through the increase in globalization over the last twenty years the world has become ’smaller’. The many positive aspects of the phenomenon sometimes make us overlook the negative aspects of globalization. Just as economic markets and communication has moved beyond national borders one of the most negative aspects of society has also become global, namely terrorism. As terrorism has moved on to the global spectrum so has the prevention of terrorism. National governments that are trying to combat terrorism have begun to realize that problems that other nations are facing in another continent could eventually affect their national security. Other nation states that are experiencing state failure may become a national security risk. The aim of this thesis is to examine if global terrorist organizations take advantage of the many problems that a nation faces when it is subject to state failure. It has not been to examine the phenomenon of global terrorism itself or why certain nation states fail. It has rather been to see if there is a connection between the two and if so, how do global terrorist organizations take advantage of these opportunities?</p><p>The most famous, or infamous, global terrorist organization al Qaeda has on many occasions used the fact that a state is experiencing failure to their advantage. Many of the more common problems that a failed state will face (loss of territorial control, disastrous domestic economy, and bad leadership) have been exploited by al Qaeda who have been able to build an effective infrastructure, build training cams and religious schools, and gain public support in two of the most troubled nations in the world; Afghanistan and Sudan.</p><p>The conclusion that can be drawn from this examination of the connection between global terrorism and failed states is that terrorist organizations have on several occasions taken advantage of the problems associated with state failure in order to become stronger and build a working infrastructure. It is, however, important to note that terrorism is very rarely the reason fore state failure. Furthermore, the fact that a sate is experiencing state failure does not automatically mean that it will be a breathing ground for global terrorism.</p>
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Malandra, Allyson Jean. "How I failed to get my MFA." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1687.

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This is the thorough examination of Allyson Malandra's process of becoming a character, and the many different challenges and triumphs she has faced throughout the past three years of developing her craft. It also aims to bring into focus where the work will be headed throughout the many years to come. The goal of this process paper is to examine the many different details and intricacies that go into a role, and also how to troubleshoot problems that may arise throughout the journey. Our process is how we, as actors, attempt to create life on stage, and discover and unfold the underlying truth that connects all human beings. It is understood that each role for an actor will present a different set of chges, and therefore it is important to understand a baseline process that gets at the core of the actor's work. Through examination of this process, previous and current chges in the work will be discussed, as well as ways to move through these issues. Ideas on what is valuable in acting will be discussed, as a way of staying centered and focused, and also retaining quality in the craft. The examination will also explore three main pillars of the work--breathe, listen, and play--and how these anchor Allyson's artistry. The ultimate goals of this examination are to create a support for the process, to chge her work in the future, and to help her continue to grow and expand, both as an artist and as a person.
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Wilson, Ronald 1950. "Richmond's 6th Street Marketplace : assessment of a failed festival market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79951.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989.<br>Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, Sept. 1989: Richmond Festival Marketplace.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-92).<br>by Ronald Wilson.<br>M.S.
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Wells, Jessica. "Puerperal Fever in Britain: Failed Models of Disease Causation." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3699.

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In eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain, a bacterial infection which we now know to be caused primarily by a streptococcus, was killing women in childbirth at an alarming rate. The disease, called puerperal, or childbed, fever, was being transmitted primarily from doctor to patient by a doctor’s unwashed hands and filthy, contaminated clothing and linens. Despite this evident and, in retrospect, obvious vector, the doctors of this period never discovered how to prevent their patients from dying a gruesome and painful death. Many physicians wrote extensive accounts of the illness but often ended their works in despair, unable to find the cause. Much of the historical literature blames this befuddlement on personality traits of the physicians, arguing that egos and professional hostilities prevented the kind of cooperation that could have led to progress. This study attempts to show that this failure was not a product of personalities but of the modern physicians’ assumptions and logic. The assumptions were the stillpowerful, but often unnoticed, dictates about the human body handed down from ancient Greek medicine. The logical errors were a product of pre-scientific notions of definition, explanation, and evidence. The author argues that it was not a lack of data that thwarted the physicians, but a series of these intellectual roadblocks that prevented them from understanding and extended the terror of puerperal fever for another two centuries.
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Tegenfeldt, Hugo. "On the Effectiveness of Non-Proliferative Sanctions : Why have UN sanctions against North Korea failed?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7232.

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The thesis argues that non-proliferation sanctions are effective primarily by their coercive effect, that is their power to change the target’s cost/benefit ratios. It does so by contrasting and comparing two key works in sanctions literature, authored by David Baldwin and the Targeted Sanctions Consortium respectively. In the case of the UN sanctions regime against the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), it concludes that the reason why no sufficient coercive effect has been apparent, is due to the lack of costs shouldered by the actors who have implemented the sanctions, as this reflects an apparent lack of commitment. This in turn does not sufficiently increase the possible cost of the DPRK, in continuing its nuclear weapons program. Therefore it is not incentivized to cancel its program.
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Kramer, Lisa Andria. "Banking on event studies : statistical problems, a bootstrap solution, and an application to failed-bank acquisitions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq27180.pdf.

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Auyeh, Mose. "Comparing no-party participatory regimes : why Uganda succeeded and others failed /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8918.

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Rademacher, Ross. "HOW THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT HAS FAILED THE AMERICAN PUBLIC. REVIVING ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION AS PART OF THE PUBLIC CONSCIUSNESS: ADVERTISING IS THE MISSING TOOL." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01042008-104239/.

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The organizations that make up the environmental movement have a great opportunity and challenge before them. These organizations could lead our nation in a time of great change. They could challenge the public to align personal consumer habits with positive environmental beliefs. However, the environmental movement has failed to market and communicate effectively. Due to this failure, companies such as Chevron and Wal-Mart have taken the moral high ground away from environmental organizations. The movement as a whole, with a few exceptions, has not successfully promoted key themes that could motivate change. There are rare examples of successful marketing and communication tactics from environmental groups. Effective fundraising techniques and an over dependence on public relations is often used in place of reliable advertising tactics. The majority of environmental organizations on the national, regional and state level have squandered opportunities to galvanize a broader audience base in the United States. Most environmental organizations have not kept up with the change in the overall populations attitude towards environmental dangers threatening the earth. The populace has the potential to become more aware and would be willing to act, if the NGOs, foundations and governmental bodies directed what type of action to take. With the ominous threat of global warming, people have not been moved to demand change from the government, private industry or particularly themselves. Environmental organizations must adopt a new marketing strategy in order to successfully lead the American public in this time of great change.
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Books on the topic "Failed studies"

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Failed bridges: Case studies, causes and consequences. Ernst & Sohn, 2010.

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Tharp, John M. Breaking the cycle of failed school reform: What five failed reforms tell us. Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2008.

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Langlois, John M. Project train wreck: Lessons from failed projects. JoRoJim Publishers, 2007.

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1966-, Schlager Neil, ed. Failed technology: True stories of technological disasters. UXL, 1995.

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Puddington, Arch. Failed utopias: Methods of coercion in Communist regimes. ICS Press, 1988.

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Glass, Robert L. Computing calamities: Lessons learned from products, projects, and companies that failed. Prentice Hall, 1999.

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Dennis, Wendy. The divorce from hell: How the justice system failed a family. Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 1998.

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How Alcoholics Anonymous failed me: My personal journey to sobriety through self-empowerment. Eagle Brook, 1998.

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James, Alex. An employee's perspective of the Lustron home: The real reason why Lustron failed! A. James, 2003.

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Land am Abgrund: Staatszerfall und Kriegsgefahr in der Republik Jemen. Tectum, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Failed studies"

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Gakuo Mwangi, Oscar. "Failed States." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_46-1.

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Pilbeam, Bruce. "New wars, globalisation and failed states." In International Security Studies. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429024177-10.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 42: A Failed “Test Dose”." In Case Studies of Near Misses in Clinical Anesthesia. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1179-7_42.

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Roux, Cornelia, and Anne Becker. "Subjects and Failed Subjects in Place-Space-Time: The Quest for Meaning." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99567-0_5.

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Sears, Laurie J. "Intellectuals, Theosophy, and Failed Narratives of the Nation in Late Colonial Java." In A Companion to Postcolonial Studies. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997024.ch18.

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Kistner, Ulrike. "Can Black Folk Dream—in Theory? Psychoanalysis and/of/in Coloniality—Anamnesis of a Failed Encounter." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37922-3_10.

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Cheok, Geraldine S., Marek Franaszek, Karl Van Wyk, and Jeremy A. Marvel. "Improving Automated Insertion Task in Robotics by Reducing Registration Error." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_8.

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AbstractA peg-in-hole operation is representative of common tasks performed in assembly lines by robots. It requires registration of the coordinate frame where a part resides to the robot frame where it is acted upon. Poor registration causes misalignment of the peg and the hole which will result in a failed insertion of the peg. In this study, the dependence of the outcome of the insertion task on the quality of registration is investigated. It was shown in earlier studies that Restoring Rigid-Body Condition (RRBC) leads to decreased target registration error. This study quantifies the improvement in the Pass/Fail rate when the target registration error is reduced for a given peg-hole tolerance. A robot arm operated in position control mode was used to perform the insertion without performing any search algorithms or force/torque sensing. Results show that use of the RRBC method yielded substantial reduction in failed insertions, especially for tighter tolerances.
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Matsumoto, Shigeru. "The Causes of Failure: Case Studies of Eight Failed Acquisitions Ending in a Sale or Withdrawal at a Loss." In Japanese Outbound Acquisitions. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1364-6_4.

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Rakić, Aleksandar. "„Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better.“." In Physik studiert - und dann? Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58434-7_23.

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Freeden, Michael. "What Fails in Ideologies?" In Ideology Studies. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003186151-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Failed studies"

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Joergensen, Magne. "Working with Industry: Stories of Successful and Failed Research-Industry Collaborations on Empirical Software Engineering." In 2017 IEEE/ACM 5th International Workshop on Conducting Empirical Studies in Industry (CESI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cesi.2017.3.

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Kashamolla, Maheshwar R., Drew F. Goettler, Arash K. Mousavi, and Zayd C. Leseman. "Mode II Measurements for Stiction Failed MEMS Devices." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39013.

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Among MEMS devices, the most common type of failure is stiction. Stiction is the unintended adhesion between two surfaces when they are in close proximity to each other. Various studies have been conducted in recent years to study suction. Our research group has shown the in-service repair of the suction failed MEMS devices is possible with structural vibrations. In order to further understand this phenomenon and better predict, theoretically, the onset of repair we have constructed an apparatus to determine the Mode I, II, and III interfacial adhesion energies of MEMS devices failed on a substrate. Recently we have developed a nonlinear model to measure the Mode I interfacial adhesion energies accurately. Using the same experimental apparatus we used earlier to determine the Mode I interfacial adhesion energies, we measure the Mode II interfacial adhesion energies. The proposed experimental method for measuring the Mode II interfacial adhesion energies for suction failed MEMS devices uses a microcantilever beam (1500 μm long, 10 μm wide, and 2.6 μm thick) attached to MEMS actuator with fixed-fixed beam flexure. Deflection of the spring is measured with a vernier scale of the actuator. Then a nonlinear elastic model of the fixed–fixed beam flexure is used to determine the interfacial adhesion energy between the failed microcantilever beam and the surface. In this work, we report our initial results for the interfacial energies from Mode II type failures. A critical strain energy release rate, for Mode II, is found to be G ≤ 549 μJ/m2.
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Barifah, Maram, and Monica Landoni. "Emotions associated with failed searches in a digital library." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2027.

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Introduction. This paper discusses causes behind failed searches from the searchers’ perspective and examines associated emotions. Method. We conducted an online study with real users in their natural settings. Participants were asked to use a digital library and run one specific and one exploratory search task, using their own topics. They also answered pre- and post-questionnaires for both task types. Analysis. Three types of analysis were conducted: (i) one descriptive on answers in questionnaires, (ii) one textual on users’ failure reports to identify the causes and elicit associated emotions and (iii) one behavioural analysis of the interactions recorded in log files. Results. Users identified the lack of coverage and poor usability as main causes behind failed searches. We examined search behaviour along with declared perceptions of the causes behind failures and realised that the digital library functionalities were not fully used. Poor awareness of the digital library functionalities could be an unreported cause for search failures. In general, users had a positive attitude toward the digital library, expressing trust, joy, and anticipation. Anger and sadness were linked specifically to failed searches. Conclusions. There persists a need to improve the digital library systems and simplify their interfaces. The emotional effect is a significant factor that need to be considered in the user experience studies.
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NICOL, LORRAINE A., and CHRISTOPHER J. NICOL. "REASONS FOR GOVERNMENT INACTION AND ITS NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES: TWO CASE STUDIES OF FAILED WATER MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES IN ALBERTA, CANADA." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2017. WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm170021.

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Dawood, M. K., T. H. Ng, P. K. Tan, et al. "Study of Static Noise Margin and Circuit Analysis on Advanced Technology Node SRAM Devices by Nanoprobing." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0505.

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Abstract With further technology scaling, it becomes increasingly challenging for conventional methods of failure analysis (FA) to identify the cause of a failure. In this work, we present three case studies on the utilization of advanced nanoprobing for SRAM circuit analysis and fault identification on 20 nm technology node SRAM single bit devices. In the first 2 case studies, conventional failure analysis by passive voltage contrast (PVC) failed to identify any abnormality in the known failed bit. In the third case study, an abnormally bright PVC was observed by PVC inspection. In all three case studies, static noise margin of the SRAM bits during hold and read operations were performed to understand the circuit behavior of the failed bit cell. Next, nanoprobing on the individual transistors were performed to determine the failing transistor within the bit and the possible cause of the failure. TEM analysis was performed to identify and verify the failure mechanism.
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Thornhill, R. Joe, Ciro N. Ramirez, and Clarence L. Long. "Forensic Engineering Case Studies of Machinery Product Designs." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32456.

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Engineering case studies of two product liability lawsuits involving accidents with machinery are presented. The studies focus on the design, manufacturing, and marketing of these products and related legal issues. In the first case study a person riding on the access/egress step of a construction machine was injured when the step failed. Although the step had been damaged prior to the accident, the plaintiff alleged that the step design was defective, and this issue was further confused because the manufacturer had changed the design before the accident. The warnings on the machine and in the manual were adequate, but the judge ruled that neither the injured party’s behavior nor the manufacturer’s warnings could be discussed before the jury. In the second case study, a person was scalded by hot water and steam when he disconnected the inlet hose to a large sprinkler of the type used on a sports field. The product had a foreseeable design defect which directly contributed to the accident. There were also marketing and warning issues because no comprehensive manual was provided which adequately covered the integration of the subassemblies used in the product.
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Ang, X. F., G. G. Zhang, J. Wei, Z. Chen, and C. C. Wong. "Studies of Temperature and Pressure Dependence in Thermocompression Gold Joints." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79454.

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Low temperature interconnection is a critical component of 3D integration and packaging technology. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of thermocompression metal bonding using gold stud bumps formed on Si die in the temperature range of 100-300 °C and the pressure range of 200–600 g/bump. We observed a critical bonding temperature below which bonding did not occur and above which shear strength improves linearly with bonding temperature. This critical temperature can be interpreted to be the onset of the break-up of organic barrier films while the linear rise in shear strength can be attributed to the increase in the true bonded area. Above this critical temperature, the tensile strength of the Au-Au bond exhibits a maximum with increasing bonding pressure. This can be related to the pressure dependence of the interfacial stress distribution and its effect on unbonded radius, r. SEM fractographs of the failed surfaces suggest a combination of cohesive and adhesive failures along the bonded interface.
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Kemper, Jason J., Mark F. Bielecki, and Thomas L. Acker. "Modeling of Wind Power Production Forecast Errors for Wind Integration Studies." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90441.

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In wind integration studies, accurate representations of the wind power output from potential wind power plants and corresponding representations of wind power forecasts are needed, and typically used in a production cost simulation. Two methods for generating “synthetic” wind power forecasts that capture the statistical trends and characteristics found in commercial forecasting techniques are presented. These two methods are based on auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) models and the Markov random walk method. Statistical criteria are suggested for evaluation of wind power forecast performance, and both synthetic forecast methods proposed are evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The forecast performance is then compared with a commercial forecast used for an operational wind power plant in the Northwestern United States evaluated using the same statistical performance measures. These quantitative evaluation parameters are monitored during specific months of the year, during rapid ramping events, and at all times. The best ARMA based models failed to replicate the auto-regressive decay of forecast errors associated with commercial forecasts. A modification to the Markov method, consisting of adding a dimension to the state transition array, allowed the forecast time series to depend on multiple inputs. This improvement lowered the artificial variability in the original time series. The overall performance of this method was better than for the ARMA based models, and provides a suitable technique for use in creating a synthetic wind forecast for a wind integration study.
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Zheng, Jinyang, Xiangpeng Luo, Jianfeng Shi, and Sijia Zhong. "Study on the Failure Mode of Cracking Through the Fitting of Electrofusion Joint." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97172.

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Electrofusion (EF) technique has been widely used in polyethylene and its composite pipeline system. The strength of the EF joint is regarded as higher than that of present pipe, for the EF joints are usually failed at the pipe when subjected to internal pressure. However, several recent studies from different researchers have revealed that the EF joint may fail by cracking through the fitting in the long-term hydraulic pressure tests. In this study, the structure parameter and loading condition were taken into consideration to investigate the failure mechanism of this failure mode. The progress of crack initiation and propagation was studied by FEA method and linear elastic fracture mechanics theory. EF joints with different structure and welding parameters were analyzed to find out the design factors which would have major influence on the failure mode of cracking through the fitting. The analytical results show a reasonable agreement with experimental observations, and also reveal that the length of inner cold welding zone has a great influence and should be carefully determined in the designation of EF fittings.
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Kim, M. H., J. S. Shin, C. Huh, T. J. Kim, and K. W. Seo. "A Study of Condensation Heat Transfer in a Single Mini-Tube and a Review of Korean Micro- and Mini-Channel Studies." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1006.

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This paper reviews recent Korean studies of flow characteristics, flow boiling, and flow condensation in micro- and mini-channels. The characteristics of local heat transfer and pressure drops were experimentally investigated using condensing R134a two-phase flow, in a single round tube, with an inner diameter of 0.691 mm. New experimental techniques were developed to measure the condensation heat transfer coefficient. Tests were performed for a mass flux of 100 to 600 kg/m2s, a heat flux of 5 to 20 kW/m2, and a saturation temperature of 40°C. The experimental local condensation heat transfer coefficients and two-phase frictional pressure gradients are shown. Comparisons of experimental data with existing models reveal that the correlations failed to predict the present data. This study contains the unique sub-millimeter-diameter, single round tube, condensation data reported in the literature.
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Reports on the topic "Failed studies"

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Avila-Montealegre, Oscar, and Carter Mix. Common Trade Exposure and Business Cycle Comovement. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1149.

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A large empirical literature has shown that countries that trade more with each other have more correlated business cycles. We show that previous estimates of this relationship are biased upward because they ignore common trade exposure to other countries. When we account for common trade exposure to foreign business cycles, we find that (1) the effect of bilateral trade on business cycle comovement falls by roughly 25 percent and (2) common exposure is a significant driver of business cycle comovement. A standard international real business cycle model is qualitatively consistent with these facts but fails to reproduce their magnitudes. Past studies have used models that allow for productivity shock transmission through trade to strengthen the relationship between trade and comovement. We find that productivity shock transmission increases business cycle comovement largely because of a country-pair's common trade exposure to other countries rather than because of bilateral trade. When we allow for stronger transmission between small open economies than other country-pairs, comovement increases both from bilateral trade and common exposure, similar to the data.
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Jukes, Matthew C. H., Yasmin Sitabkhan, and Jovina J. Tibenda. Adapting Pedagogy to Cultural Context. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.op.0070.2109.

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This paper argues that many pedagogical reform efforts falter because they fail to consider the cultural context of teacher and student behavior. Little guidance exists on how to adapt teaching practices to be compatible with culturally influenced behaviors and beliefs. We present evidence from three studies conducted as part of a large basic education program in Tanzania showing that some teaching activities are less effective or not well implemented because of culturally influenced behaviors in the classroom, namely children’s lack of confidence to speak up in class; a commitment to togetherness, fairness, and cooperation; avoidance of embarrassment; and age-graded authority. We propose ways teaching activities can be adapted to take these behaviors into account while still adhering to fundamental principles of effective learning, including student participation in their own learning, teaching at the right level, and monitoring students as a basis for adjusting instruction. Such adaptations may be made most effective by engaging teachers in co-creation of teaching activities.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.

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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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CAPACITY EVALUATION OF EIGHT BOLT EXTENDED ENDPLATE MOMENT CONNECTIONS SUBJECTED TO COLUMN REMOVAL SCENARIO. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.6.

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The extended stiffened endplate (8ES) connection is broadly used in the seismic load-resisting parts of steel structures. This connection is prequalified based on the AISC 358 standard, especially for seismic regions. To study this connection’s behaviors, in the event of accidental loss of a column, the finite element model results were verified against the available experimental data. A parametric study using the finite element method was then carried out to investigate these numerical models’ maximum capacity and effective parameters' effect on their maximum capacity in a column loss scenario. This parametric analysis demonstrated that these connections fail at the large displacement due to the catenary action mode at the rib stiffener's vicinity. The carrying capacity, PEEQ, Von-Mises stress, middle column force-displacement, critical bolt axial load, and the beam axial load curves were discussed. Finally, using the Least Square Method (LSM), a formula is presented to determine the displacement at the maximum capacity of these connections. This formula can be used in this study's presented method to determine the maximum load capacity of the 8ES connections in a column loss scenario.
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