Academic literature on the topic 'Failed witnessing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Failed witnessing"
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Culyba, Alison J., Kenneth R. Ginsburg, Joel A. Fein, et al. "Examining the Role of Supportive Family Connection in Violence Exposure Among Male Youth in Urban Environments." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 5 (2016): 1074–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516646094.
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Family connection has demonstrated protective effects on violence perpetration, victimization, and witnessing in the general U.S. adolescent population. However, several studies examining the impact of family connection on violence exposure in adolescents living in low-resource urban environments have failed to demonstrate similar protective effects. We interviewed male youth in low-resource neighborhoods in Philadelphia recruited through household random sampling. Adjusted logistic regression was used to test whether a supportive relationship with an adult family member was inversely associated with violence involvement and violence witnessing. In 283 youth participants aged 10 to 24 years, 33% reported high violence involvement, 30% reported high violence witnessing, and 17% reported both. Youth who identified at least one supportive adult family member were significantly less likely to report violence involvement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.18, 0.69]) and violence witnessing (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = [0.24, 0.88]). Youth with two supportive parents, and those with supportive mothers only, also demonstrated significant inverse associations with violence involvement. Supportive parental relationships were inversely but not significantly related to witnessing violence. The findings suggest that supportive parental relationships may not prevent youth in low-resource neighborhoods from witnessing violence but may help prevent direct violence involvement. Next studies should be designed such that the mechanisms that confer protection can be identified, and should identify opportunities to bolster family connection that may reduce adolescent violence involvement among youth in low-resource urban environments.
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Anil, M. H., J. L. McKinstry, M. Field, M. Bracke, and R. G. Rodway. "Assessment of distress experienced by witnessing slaughter in pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002955x.
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The question of whether witnessing slaughter can cause distress has already been addressed in sheep and no scientific evidence was produced to suggest distress (Anil et al, 1989). Other work in mice and deer have also failed to demonstrate distress during the con specifics being killed (Bracke, 1993). It was not clear as to how this affected pigs as they may have been more or less sensitive to watching the slaughter act. Because trying to get stunned animals out of sight can often result in unduly prolonged stunning to sticking intervals which lead to recovery from stunning in commercial slaughterhouses this topic had direct relevance to the welfare of slaughter pigs. A survey ol pig abattoirs in England and Wales has already confirmed the problem (Anil and McKinstry, 1993). Average stunning to sticking interval was shown to be 31 seconds during the survey (ideal interval should be 15 seconds). The aim of this study was to show whether or not pigs would be distressed by watching the slaughter of their con specifics.
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Lipowski, Z. J. "The Integrative Approach to Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (1990): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062901.
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From the early days of psychiatry as a distinct field of knowledge and clinical practice two competing approaches to the etiology and treatment of mental disorders have vied for dominance: the somatic and the psychic (“moral”) [l]. We are witnessing the same struggle today. To speak metaphorically, we can opt for either brainless or mindless psychiatry, as Szasz [2] proposed. He failed to consider a third option, however, one that may be called an integrative approach. The latter is neither mindless nor brainless but rather encompasses both the mind and the brain in its theoretical and practical consideration [1,3,4]. I will formulate the integrative approach in this paper and argue that it has a distinct advantage for both the study and treatment of mental disorders.
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Randall, Adrian J. "Peculiar Perquisites and Pernicious Practices." International Review of Social History 35, no. 2 (1990): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000009871.
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SummaryThis paper examines the character and significance of embezzlement in the woollen industry of the West of England in the years from c. 1750 to 1840 in the light of the recent debate which sees the period as witnessing major developments in the eradication of perquisites and in the formulation of the wage. It examines the dimensions of embezzlement, its correlation with economic fluctuations and its importance for the economy of both the clothier and the embezzling worker. It shows that tighter legislative sanctions failed to check the illicit trade in embezzled wool, which by the early nineteenth century constituted a well-organised black market, and it considers the effect of this trade in “slinge” upon economic and social relations in the industry.
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Maged, Adel. "Arab and Islamic Shari'a Perspectives on the Current System of International Criminal Justice." International Criminal Law Review 8, no. 3 (2008): 477–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181208x308808.
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AbstractThe Arab World is currently witnessing various conflicts, which have resulted in the death and displacement of many innocent civilians. It is notable that the current system of international criminal justice has failed to address many of the atrocities committed during those conflicts. In order to rectify this, it is imperative that "voices of reason" accurately convey to the West the attitudes of the Arab people towards this system. This article attempts to illustrate, on the one hand, that Islamic Shari'a principles, which have had a remarkable impact on the Arab legal systems, are compatible with the provisions of the current system of international criminal justice, and to explain, on the other hand, Arab skepticism with regard to that system.
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Singh, Arvind Kumar, Dr Shailendra Kumar Chaturvedi, and Karan veer Singh. "“GLOBLIZATION TO GLOCALIZATION OF MNFEs IN INDIA†WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOFOOD ENTERPRISES IN LUCKNOW." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION METHODOLOGY 6, no. 3 (2015): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijrem.v6i3.3864.
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The concept of Glocalization is derived from that of globalization and localization and signifies that companies should not only think globally but also act locally while addressing business functionalities including branding, marketing, advertising and product promotion. Food industry, of India and World is witnessing unprecedented increase in the number of multinational enterprises. These multinational enterprises, when deciding to expand their operations to a new country, have to make a choice between following uniform business strategies as in their home country or modify their strategies to suit the host country socio-economic and political environment. Recently, many multinational food giants have successfully penetrated into emerging markets due to their product or service quality but there are cases where companies have failed to earn profits due to lack of Glocalization strategies. This paper focuses on multinational food Enterprises (MNFEs) and identifies suitable Glocalized strategies in marketing, product development, advertisement etc. establishing themselves and gaining market share in a diverse country like India.
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Nussbaum, Felicity A. "The Unaccountable Pleasure of Eighteenth-Century Tragedy." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 4 (2014): 688–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.4.688.
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Scholars have been quick to dismiss Georgian tragedy as mere rant and have thus failed to examine why tragic plays were regularly staged in the eighteenth century. This essay explores the “unaccountable pleasure,” in David Hume's words, that spectators of the genre experienced. Hume compared the feeling of witnessing a tragedy to the sweet misery of watching high-stakes gamblers risk their fortunes. Part of the attraction derived from star actresses who performed the mixed genre of tragedy topped off with a comic epilogue in plays such as Edward Moore's The Gamester, George Lillo's The London Merchant, and David Garrick's The Fatal Marriage. This essay argues that eighteenth-century tragedies portray the struggles of a genre caught between a world ruled by poetic justice and one flung about by uncontrollable economic powers. Further, in its democratization of grievable subjects and its metatheatrical relation to the tragic, Georgian tragedy anticipates modern developments of the genre.
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Hougua, Ben Ahmed. "Intermittent Breaks of Public Order in the Moroccan Political Context." Contemporary Arab Affairs 13, no. 2 (2020): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2020.13.2.27.
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For more than twenty years, politics in Morocco has been witnessing a change in the cycles of protests under the influence of the parameters linked to the economic liberalization and evolution of the processes of disenchantment with a conventional political culture. The frequent use of repertories of collective action has not failed to shake the political and social landscape to the point that the demobilization of an area is followed by uprisings in neighboring sites. The response of public authorities varies according to the intensity and objectives of the social uprisings. This research is to study the evolution, over time, of the links between repression, the index of consumer prices of basic foodstuffs, and social uprisings. It covers about twenty years from January 1997 to November 2018. In addition to the descriptive temporal evolution, the work applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling to examine whether there are short- and long-term associations between the variables mentioned above.
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Herrera, Veronica M., and Laura Ann McCloskey. "Sexual Abuse, Family Violence, and Female Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study." Violence and Victims 18, no. 3 (2003): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.3.319.
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The current study examines the effects of three forms of childhood victimization on self-reported delinquency and aggression in adolescent girls. These analyses are based on a longitudinal sample of 141 mother-daughter pairs participating in a study about marital violence and child development. When the children were school aged, mothers and children provided reports describing (a) child exposure to marital violence, (b) escalated physical abuse against the child, and (c) child sexual abuse. Children were followed up into adolescence and re-interviewed. Self-reports of delinquency (violent and nonviolent), running away, and violence against parents were collected. Results indicate that out of the three forms of victimization, child sexual abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of girls’ violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Girls with a history of physical abuse in childhood were most likely to assault their parents. Witnessing marital violence failed to contribute further to delinquency, beyond the adverse association with childhood sexual abuse. Findings highlight a unique avenue for delinquency in girls via childhood sexual exploitation.
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Riley, R. H., T. Strang, and S. Rao. "Survey of Airway Skills of Surgeons in Western Australia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 4 (2009): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700406.
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Our objective was to survey all consultant surgeons, including obstetricians/gynaecologists, in the State of Western Australia to assess their experience with, and readiness to assist anaesthetists with a difficult or failed airway. Survey questionnaires were mailed to all surgeons registered in Western Australia (n=445). A total of 238 responses (53%) were received, mostly from general surgeons, obstetrician/gynaecologists and orthopaedic surgeons. Forty percent had provided non-surgical assistance with a difficult airway and 60% had assisted with a surgical airway. All ear, nose and throat surgeons who responded to the survey had assisted with an emergency surgical airway and 47 surgeons reported having performed six or more surgical airways. However, 26% of respondents had never performed a surgical airway and 37% did not feel confident in performing an urgent surgical airway. Seven percent of respondents reported witnessing a failed airway that resulted in death or neurological damage. Seventy percent of respondents had undergone formal training in tracheostomy and 26% had advanced trauma life support or early management of severe trauma training. These findings indicate that surgeons in Western Australia perform surgical airways infrequently and only occasionally assist anaesthetists with difficult airway management. However, some surgeons lack confidence and training in surgical airway management. Because anaesthetists cannot always rely on their surgical colleagues to provide a surgical airway during a crisis, we recommend that anaesthetists discuss airway management with their surgical colleagues for all patients with identified difficult airways and that anaesthesia training should include surgical airway management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failed witnessing"
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Mai, Nadin. "The aesthetics of absence and duration in the post-trauma cinema of Lav Diaz." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22990.
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Aiming to make an intervention in both emerging Slow Cinema and classical Trauma Cinema scholarship, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which the post-trauma cinema of Filipino filmmaker Lav Diaz merges aesthetics of cinematic slowness with narratives of post-trauma in his films Melancholia (2008), Death in the Land of Encantos (2007) and Florentina Hubaldo, CTE (2012). Diaz has been repeatedly considered as representative of what Jonathan Romney termed in 2004 “Slow Cinema”. The director uses cinematic slowness for an alternative approach to an on-screen representation of post-trauma. Contrary to popular trauma cinema, Diaz’s portrait of individual and collective trauma focuses not on the instantenaeity but on the duration of trauma. In considering trauma as a condition and not as an event, Diaz challenges the standard aesthetical techniques used in contemporary Trauma Cinema, as highlighted by Janet Walker (2001, 2005), Susannah Radstone (2001), Roger Luckhurst (2008) and others. Diaz’s films focus instead on trauma’s latency period, the depletion of a survivor’s resources, and a character’s slow psychological breakdown. Slow Cinema scholarship has so far focused largely on the films’ aesthetics and their alleged opposition to mainstream cinema. Little work has been done in connecting the films’ form to their content. Furthermore, Trauma Cinema scholarship, as trauma films themselves, has been based on the immediate and most radical signs of post-trauma, which are characterised by instantaneity; flashbacks, sudden fears of death and sensorial overstimulation. Following Lutz Koepnick’s argument that slowness offers “intriguing perspectives” (Koepnick, 2014: 191) on how trauma can be represented in art, this thesis seeks to consider the equally important aspects of trauma duration, trauma’s latency period and the slow development of characteristic symptoms. With the present work, I expand on current notions of Trauma Cinema, which places emphasis on speed and the unpredictability of intrusive memories. Furthermore, I aim to broaden the area of Slow Cinema studies, which has so far been largely focused on the films’ respective aesthetics, by bridging form and content of the films under investigation. Rather than seeing Diaz’s slow films in isolation as a phenomenon of Slow Cinema, I seek to connect them to the existing scholarship of Trauma Cinema studies, thereby opening up a reading of his films.
Books on the topic "Failed witnessing"
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Diamond, Beverley, and Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco, eds. Transforming Ethnomusicology Volume I. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197517604.001.0001.
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Transforming Ethnomusicology aims to deepen and broaden the dialogue about social engagement within the discipline of ethnomusicology. It draws upon a very wide array of perspectives that stem from different ethnocultural contexts, philosophical histories, and cultural situations. Volume I begins with overviews of ethical praxis and collaboration in different countries and institutions. Some of the following studies reflect on the challenges that ethnomusicologists have faced and the strategies they have adopted when working in situations as diverse and challenging as the courtrooms of America, the refugee camps of Kenya, the post-earthquake urban context of Haiti, and war-torn South Sudan. Other studies reflect on community activism and the complexities of sustaining and reviving cultural traditions. The final chapter offers a new perspective on disciplinary practice and methodology by examining the power relations implicit in ethnography and the potential of shifting our position to “witnessing.” Volume II focuses on social and ecological issues and includes Indigenous perspectives from America, Australia, and South Africa. The volume as a whole recognizes the interlinking of colonial and environmental damage as institutions that failed to respect the land and its peoples. As in Chapter 1, the authors deal with the challenging circumstances of the present day where historical practices and modern neoliberal institutions threaten the creation and sustaining of musical knowledge, the memory of the land (both urban and rural), and the dignity of human life. As in Volume I, the second volume ends with a model for change, a radical rethinking of the structure of knowledge already underway in Brazil.
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Diamond, Beverley, and Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco, eds. Transforming Ethnomusicology Volume II. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197517550.001.0001.
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Transforming Ethnomusicology aims to deepen and broaden the dialogue about social engagement within the discipline of ethnomusicology. It draws upon a wide array of perspectives that stem from different ethnocultural contexts, philosophical histories, and cultural situations. Volume I begins with overviews of ethical praxis and collaboration in different countries and institutions. Some of the following studies reflect on the challenges that ethnomusicologists have faced and the strategies they have adopted when working in situations as diverse and challenging as the courtrooms of America, the refugee camps of Kenya, the post-earthquake urban context of Haiti, and war-torn South Sudan. Other studies reflect on community activism and the complexities of sustaining and reviving cultural traditions. The final chapter offers a new perspective on disciplinary practice and methodology by examining the power relations implicit in ethnography and the potential of shifting our position to “witnessing.” Volume II focuses on social and ecological issues and includes Indigenous perspectives from America, Australia, and South Africa. The volume as a whole recognizes the interlinking of colonial and environmental damage as institutions that failed to respect the land and its peoples. As in Volume I, the authors deal with the challenging circumstances of the present day where historical practices and modern neoliberal institutions threaten the creation and sustaining of musical knowledge, the memory of the land (both urban and rural), and the dignity of human life. As in Volume I, the second volume ends with a model for change, a radical rethinking of the structure of knowledge already underway in Brazil.
Book chapters on the topic "Failed witnessing"
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Gerson, Sam. "The injurious impact of failed witnessing." In Decentering Relational Theory. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315113609-7.
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Davis, Colin. "Interpreting, Ethics and Witnessing in La Peste and La Chute." In Traces of War. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940421.003.0006.
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Camus’s two later major works, La Peste and La Chute, both continue to negotiate the ethical issues raised by trauma, and the difficulties of interpretation which accompany them, in ways which even the most theoretically-informed trauma theorists have failed to register. The chapter examines the intertwined problems of ethics and interpretation in the two novels.
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Hess, Earl J. "I Am Surfeited, Sick, and Tired of Witnessing Bloodshed." In Storming Vicksburg. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660172.003.0018.
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Both sides faced an enormous task in caring for the wounded resulting from the failed attack of May 22. The Federals suffered 3,199 losses that day, 2,550 of them were wounded. While John C. Pemberton’s Confederates suffered only about 500 losses all told, they had fewer resources to care for their wounded than the Federals. Even so, many Union surgeons and their staff were burdened for days in caring for so many wounded men in temporary field hospitals behind the Federal line. Those able to do so were moved to the landing on the east side of the Yazoo River north of Vicksburg to board hospital boats for transfer north to general hospitals at Memphis and other Federally-controlled cities along the Western river system. To the extent possible, squads of soldiers retrieved wounded as well as abandoned arms and other equipment from no-man’s-land between the lines. The few prisoners taken by the Confederates, amounting to 147 Federals, were soon released by Pemberton so he would not have to feed them. They signed paroles and then were transported across the Mississippi River and delivered to Federal troops on the west side of the stream.
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Halpern, Jodi, and Aleksa Owen. "Scaffolding Autonomy." In The Ethics of Shared Decision Making. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197598573.003.0005.
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Adolescents and adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities who have partial capacities to exercise autonomy require respect as well as protection throughout medical decision making. Using an ethical lens that prioritizes respect for persons based on a conception of relational autonomy over beneficence, this chapter explores two contrasting yet related cases where developmental issues may complicate shared decision making. Young adolescents and some adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities may have limited capacities to form and express their values and yet may also need sensitive empathic communication and cognitive scaffolding to make decisions that enact their fundamental values. This chapter examines the conscious and unconscious emotional aspects of conveying diagnoses, prognoses, and other aspects of shared decision making. Empathic scaffolding looks different for each patient in their specific care and familial context but tracks how the patient’s sense of futurity and agency are affected by the clinician’s communication—is the communication accessible, empowering, and offering options that the patient can work with? Empathic health care communication also requires that the clinicians strive for awareness of how their own unconscious psychological processes might be conveying emotional messages to vulnerable patients, including, for example, their suppressed grief after witnessing pediatric patients go through failed bone marrow transplants. Shared decision making thus requires much more than a procedural commitment to respecting individual autonomy but rather calls for addressing the inescapable emotional, relational basis of clinician-patient decision making at vulnerable moments for especially vulnerable patients.
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Walsh, John Patrick. "The Banality of Disaster." In Migration and Refuge. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941633.003.0004.
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This chapter returns to Yanick Lahens’ Failles to draw out further the critique of cultural, social, and political fault lines that existed well before the earthquake. It opens by defining the idea of a “literary witness” as an ethical representation of self and other in the act of witnessing and representing the earthquake. Failles is equal parts testimony and chronicle, and these modes overlap as the writer grapples with the role of literature in making sense of the earthquake and its historical repercussions. Lahens unsettles received ideas on disaster, first by deconstructing the ideology of the “natural” and then by contextualizing its political and humanitarian manipulation of disaster in a longer history of Haiti’s place in the Americas. The second part of the chapter turns to the fictional texts that precede and come after Failles. It argues that the ordinary vulnerability of the Haitian people, or what Lahens calls “the banality of disaster,” is the central theme of the fiction. In reimagining the past, these texts offer compelling implications for critical and creative ways of reconstructing the present. As a literary witness, Lahens calls on readers to refuse the banality of disaster.
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Gilmore, Leigh. "Tainted Witness in Law and Literature." In Tainted Witness. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231177146.003.0006.
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Chapter five examines two examples of unsympathetic women witnesses and the transits of their testimony across an assemblage of legal and literary modes of judgment: 1) the rape case brought by Nafissatou Diallo against former head of the International Monetary Fund and former French presidential hopeful Dominique Strauss-Kahn as Diallo and her testimony travelled from criminal court, through the court of public opinion, to civil court in search of an adequate witness and 2) the autobiographical fiction of Jamaica Kincaid, who offers a literary witness in contrast to the sympathetic, pure, young victims featured in humanitarian campaigns. The chapter argues that the dynamics of witness tainting previously analyzed make it imperative that we adopt an ethical response that is not primarily grounded in identification or compassion. The chapter concludes by arguing that sympathy fails to provide an adequate ground for ethical witnessing and that we must learn to engage with the unsympathetic woman witness.
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Banerji, Ashok, and Saswata Basu. "ICT Aided Education for People's Empowerment." In Encyclopedia of Developing Regional Communities with Information and Communication Technology. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-575-7.ch058.
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It is widely recognised that knowledge and education are the key factors that need attention to eradicate poverty. Yet the poorest sections of the community have the least access to conventional means of gaining knowledge and education. Thus we are witnessing a polarized world where on the one side we would find an “information elite” and on the other, the digitally illiterates or excluded. Such a position is very apparent from the world map of the Internet users (Zooknic, 2003). This paradox is common in the developing countries across the globe. The gap between population groups and accessibility to knowledge resources is widening as the awareness, information, as well as education and skill development efforts fail to reach the right target. The major reason for this lies with the present system of knowledge dissemination and not with knowledge resources. India, where literacy is still very low, cannot simply rely on printed books for effective education and knowledge dissemination.
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Althouse, Benjamin M., and Samuel V. Scarpino. "Contrasting ecological and evolutionary signatures of whooping cough epidemiological dynamics." In Pertussis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811879.003.0013.
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The enigmatic global pattern of whooping cough incidence presents a unique set of challenges for controlling the disease and uncovering the mechanisms underlying its epidemiological dynamics. In countries experiencing an increase in cases, five hypotheses have been proposed to explain the resurgence: (1) there has been an increase in Bordetella pertussis reporting rates, (2) waning of protective immunity from vaccination or natural infection over time, (3) evolution of B. pertussis to escape protective immunity, (4) vaccines that fail to induce sterilizing (mucosal) immunity to B. pertussis, and (5) asymptomatic transmission from individuals vaccinated with the currently used acellular B. pertussis vaccines. Each of these five hypotheses can leave contrasting signatures in both epidemiological and genomic data; however, these hypotheses must also be evaluated against data from locations that are either not experiencing a resurgence or are witnessing a declining incidence. This chapter discusses how to—and whether it is possible to—disentangle the various mechanisms proposed for whooping cough’s resurgence. It identifies a pathological lack of data sufficient for testing hypotheses and demonstrates how detailed, high-resolution data (in geography, time, and age) are required to distinguish even the most basic models. The chapter further discusses how approaches linking genomic and epidemiological data, (i.e. phylodynamic models) may prove beneficial. The results suggest that while evidence exists for each of the five proposed hypotheses, it is unlikely that any single mechanism can account for the global pattern of whooping cough incidence and that determining the relative importance of each mechanism remains uniquely challenging.