Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Failles (géologie) – Simulation, Méthodes de'
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Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration numérique des domaines failles en extension : Méthode et applications." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10132.
Full textSassi, William. "Analyse numérique de la déformation cassante : introduction de paramètres physiques dans l'analyse de failles striées : simulation numérique par la méthode aux éléments distincts." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112227.
Full textTwo independent approaches about problems of brittle deformation analysis in structural geology are investigated. Deformation process considered here is frictional sliding on preexisting sets of faults. Numerical analysis of striated fault planes is discussed in the first part. A property of the mechanical E. Carey and B. Brunier's model, sometimes available on data set, can be used as a first graphical determination of principal stress directions and shape factor. Heterogeneous data sets can be studied by the introduction of weight factors in the iterative regression. The model's applicability limits are analyzed by considering the mechanical aspect of sliding failure on preexisting faults. Empirical laws such as Mohr-Coulomb linear law, improve the physical reliability of a result obtained by E. Carey's numerical method. Nevertheless, paleo-stress quantification still remains a difficult problem. Thus, use of those compatibility criteria should be integrated to analyze both striated fault planes and focal mechanisms. Stress/strain relationships in discontinuous media are illustrated in the second part through a numerical simulating model: Universal Distinct-Element-Code. The modelling concerns two dimensional block structures. This program is applied to several examples (stress patterns in discontinuous elastic rockmass and volcano structure deformation). It can be used in various tectonic settings in order to quantify deformational analysis
Julio, Charline. "Conditionnement de la modélisation stochastique 3D des réseaux de failles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0254/document.
Full textFaults are discontinuities in rock volumes that affect mechanical properties and flow paths of hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, subsurface modeling remains limited by the incompleteness and resolution of available data, so that uncertainties remain on the geometry and the connectivity of fault networks. To assess fault network uncertainties, several stochastic approaches have been introduced in the literature. These methods generate a set of possible fault models conditioned by reservoir data. In this thesis, we investigate two main conditioning strategies of stochastic fault modeling methods. The first one takes into account the observations of the fault absence, for instance, as indicated by seismic reflector continuity. To do this, the reservoir volume is divided into two sub-volumes delimited by a 3D envelope surface: (1) a volume where no faults occur, and (2) a potentially-faulted volume. Then, faults are simulated and optimized in such a way as to be entirely confined to the potentially-faulted volume. The second presented strategy deals with the uncertainties related to the seismic interpretation of fault segmentation. It generates a set of fine-scale segmented faults from a larger-scale and continuous interpretation of the fault. The method uses the orientation variations of the continuous fault to subdivide it into several possible fault segments. The effects of the different segmentation configurations on flow simulations are studied
Ader, Thomas. "Les tremblements de terre de l'Himalaya : vers un modèle physique du cycle sismique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077282.
Full textHome to hundreds of millions of souls and land of excessiveness, the Himalaya is also the locus of a unique seismicity whose scope and peculiarities still remain to this day somewhat mysterious. Having claimed the lives of kings, or turned ancient timeworn cities into heaps of rubbles and tains, earthquakes eerily inhabit Nepalese folk tales with the fatalistic message that nothing lasts forever. From a scientific point of view as much as from a human perspective, solving the mysteries of Himalayan seismicity thus represents a challenge of prime importance. Documenting geodetic strain across the Nepal Himalaya with varions GPS and leveling data, we show that unlike other subduction zones that exhibit a heterogeneous and patchy coupling pattern along strike, the last hundred kilometers of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault, or MHT, appear to be uniformly locked, devoid of any of the "creeping barriers" that traditionally ward off the propagation of large events. The approximately 20 mm/yr of reckoned convergence across the Himalaya matching previously established estimates of the secular deformation at the front of the arc, die slip accumulated at depth has to somehow elastically propagate all the way to the surface at some point. And yet, neither large events from die past nor currently recorded microseismicity nearly compensate for the massive moment deficit that quietly builds up under die giant mountains. Along with this large unbalanced moment deficit, die uncommonly homogeneous coupling pattern on die MHT raises the question of whether or not the locked portion of die MHT can rupture all at once in a giant earthquake. Univocally answering this question appears contingent on die still elusive estimate of the magnitude of the largest possible earthquake in the Himalaya, and requires tight constraints on local fault properties. What makes the Himalaya enigmatic also makes it the potential source of an incredible wealth of information, and we exploit some of the oddities of Himalayan seismicity in an effort to improve the understanding of earthquake physics and cipher out the properties of die MHT. Thanks to the Himalaya, the Indo-Gangetic plain is deluged each year under a tremendous amount of water during the annual summer monsoon that collects and bears down on the Indian plate enough to pull it away from the Eurasian plate slightly, temporarily relieving a small portion of die stress mounting on the MHT. As the rainwater evaporates in the dry winter season, die plate rebounds and tension is increased back on the fault. Interestingly, the mild waggle of stress induced by the monsoon nains is about die same size as that from solid-Earth tides which gently tug at the planets solid layers, but whereas changes in earthquake frequency correspond with the annually occurring monsoon, there is no such correlation with Earth tides, which oscillate back-and-forth twice a day. We therefore investigate die general response of the creeping and seismogenic parts of MHT to periodic stresses in order to link there observations to physical parameters. First, the response of die creeping part of the MHT is analyzed with a simple spring-and-slider system bearing rate-strengthening rheology, and we show that at the transition with die locked zone, where the friction becomes Wear velocity neutral, the response of the slip rate may be amplified at some periods, which values are analytically related to the physical parameters of die problem. Such predictions therefore hold the potential of constraining fault properties on the MHT, but still await observational counterparts to be applied, as nothing indicates that the variations of seismicity rate on die locked part of the MHT are the direct expressions of variations of the slip rate on its creeping part, and no variations of die slip rate have been singled out from die GPS measurements to this day. When shifting to die locked seismogenic part of the MHT, spring-and-slider models with rate-weakening rheology are insufficient to explain die contrasted responses of die seismicity to the periodic loads that tides and monsoon both place on the MHT. Lnstead, we resort to numerical simulations using the Boundary Integral CYCLes of Earthquakes algorithm and examine die response of a 2D finite fault embedded with a rate-weakening patch to harmonie stress perturbations of varions periods. We show that such simulations are able to reproduce results consistent with a graduai amplification of sensitivity as die perturbing period get larger, up to a critical period corresponding to the characteristic Lime of evolution of the seismicity in response to a step-like perturbation of stress. This increase of sensitivity was not reproduced by simple 1D-spring-slider systems, probably because of the complexity of the nucleation process, reproduced only by 2D-fault models. When the nucleation zone is close to its critical unstable size, its growth becomes highly sensitive to any externat perturbations and the timings of produced events may therefore fmd themselves highly affected. A fully analytical framework has yet to be developed and further work is needed to fully describe the behavior of die fault in ternis of physical parameters, which will likely provide die keys to deduce constitutive properties of the MHT fion seismological observations
Chauvin, Benjamin. "Applicability of the mechanics-based restoration : boundary conditions, fault network and comparison with a geometrical method." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0160/document.
Full textStructural restoration aims to recover rock paleo-geometries and to validate structural interpretations. The classical methods are based on geometric/kinematic assumptions and impose a style of deformation. Geomechanical methods, by integrating rock elastic behavior and fundamental mechanical conservation laws, aim to solve issues of classical methods. However several studies show that the geomechanical restoration lacks physical consistency in particular because of the boundary conditions. There are uncertainties on the choice of the elastic properties, and the meshing constraints limit this method to be used as a validation tool of structural interpretations. The choice of a specific restoration method is difficult because there are many geomechanical restoration approaches, in addition to the numerous geometric/kinematic methods. Firstly, this thesis presents a review of the various 3D geomechanical methods to unfold and unfault a 3D geological model. The objective is to present their, theoretical and practical, strengths and limits. Secondly, through the restoration of a structural sandbox model, we worked on the choice of adequate boundary conditions to get a proper restored model. This structural sandbox model was deformed in laboratory and presents several analogies with supra-salt extensional structures. Thanks to the observation of the analog model geometry through time on a cross section, we show that a lateral shortening boundary condition is necessary. We show that this shortening can be estimated by the area-depth method. Moreover we define new fault contact conditions to handle complex fault networks. These novel conditions tie internal fault borders and join parts of offset faults. Thirdly, the test of several elastic parameters shows that Young’s modulus, homogeneous within a geological model, has almost no effect on the restoration displacement field. However, Poisson’s ratio has a significant impact on the volume dilatation. Finally, we compare the mechanics-based restoration method with a geometric-based method relying on a chronostratigraphic model (GeoChron) mapping any point of the subsurface to its image in depositional (Wheeler) space. We show that both methods provide a geometrically similar restored state for the analog model. The geometric method has numerous advantages to quickly and accurately get a restored model, but it lacks flexibility on the choice of the deformation constraints. The geomechanical restoration method force is to define custom boundary conditions and specific mechanical behaviors to handle complex contexts
Muron, Pierre. "Méthodes numériques 3-D de restauration des structures géologiques faillées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_MURON_P.pdf.
Full textStructural restoration aims at removing iteratively deformation to characterize geometry of subsurface models at time of deposition, it provides a systematic way to test and validate structural models against a set of geological hypothesis and concepts. This technique is widely used in exploration and production of hydrocarbons as it brings valuable insights for the interpretation and understanding of geological structures. This thesis is focused on the development of numerical methods for the restoration of volumetric models ; three different topics are successively covered : 1) The development of a volumetric representation tailored for volumetric restoration : a data structure, referred as Solid Model, based on a conforming tetrahedral mesh is generated from a structural model and provides key metainformation to handle logical and geological relationship within the mesh. 2) The sequential restoration of continuous deformation : a parameterized objective function subject to specific boundary conditions guides the behaviour of the volumetric model through time. Several approaches are developed : (1) the kinematical approach defines the objective function based on geometrical assumptions derived from deformation styles (2) the mechanical approach relies on the conservation of momentum. The Solid Model ensures a consistent transition from geological requirements to computational requirements. 3) The restoration of discontinuous deformation : a set of kinematical contact constraints is automatically derived from the meta-model provided by the Solid Model and ensures the geological consistency of the fault network in the restored state. The numerical technique enforcing the contact constraints relies on classical contact mechanics algorithm
Laborde, Olivier. "Formes quadratiques, géométrie affine et méthodes géométriques en géologie." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20015.
Full textBobineau, Jean-Pierre. "Simulations numériques de phénomènes tectoniques : calculs de déformations tectoniques par la méthode des éléments finis : recherche de la localisation des grandes déformations créant les failles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0209.
Full textMaurel, Olivier. "L' exhumation de la zone axiale des Pyrénées orientales : une approche thermo-chronologique multi-méthodes du rôle des failles." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20037.
Full textAubiès-Trouilh, Alexandre. "Exploitation et mise à disposition de nouvelles techniques de modélisation géologique 3D afin d'apprécier la géométrie des plis-failles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26660/26660.pdf.
Full textThe San Corneli anticline located within the Spanish central Pyrenees, is a foreland fault-related fold. This compressive structure developed within the Boixòls thrust sheet during the emplacement of the fold and thrust belt above the Iberian plate during the Meso-Cenozoic. Geometrically, the San Corneli anticline corresponds to a fault propagation fold (8 km by 10 km). Pre-compression extensive structures have been recognized within the anticline. These syntectonic normal faults and fractures were formed during deposition of sediments in the mesozoic rifted basin. The aim of our research is to determine the influence of these normal faults on the development of the San Corneli anticline and their effect on the particular geometry of this fault propagation fold. We used 3D geometrical modeling to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the pre-existing structures and the geometry and kinematics of the fault propagation fold. Furthermore, in this area the vegetative cover is minimal and the San Corneli anticline is very well exposed giving access to numerous field data and facilitating surface modeling of the present geometry of the fold. Our methodology consists, as a first step, in reverse 3D modeling. The geological model volume is restored using the 3D Restoration plugin proposed by gOcad based on cross section balancing. This technique allows to obtain a 3D paleogeographic model, and thus to deduce the location and geometry of preexisting normal faults with depositing sediments in the basin. In order to test different assumptions about the mode of development of this fault propagation fold, we have conducted a series of 3D geometrical models directly from the paleogeographic model. The aim of 3D forward modeling is to revert to the current state of deformation of the model. We were able to better appreciate the chronology of events that have affected the fold and evaluate to what extent the early faults have influenced the kinematics of the San Corneli fold. In this sense, we were able to show that the orientation of pre-existing faults with respect to the regional compressive stress influences the way in which these faults will be reactivated, either in a vertical (reverse) or horizontal sense (strike-slip).
Thibaut, Muriel. "Géométrie des surfaces de faille et dépliage 3D : (méthodes et applications)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745509.
Full textVerdel, Thierry. "Géotechnique et monuments historiques : méthodes de modélisation numérique appliquées à des cas égyptiens." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_VERDEL_T.pdf.
Full textRobinet, Jean-Charles. "Minéralogie, porosité et diffusion des solutés dans l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien de Bure (Meuse, Haute-Marne, France) de l'échelle centimétrique à micrométrique." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Robinet-Jean-Charles/2008-Robinet-Jean-Charles-These.pdf.
Full textIn Bure Callovo-Oxfordian argillite (Meuse/Haute Marne, France), the spatial organisation of porosity and minerals (mainly quartz, carbonates, and clays) controls the solute diffusion at mescoscopic scale (~cm-µm). New developments in the field of image analysis were devoted to extract mineral maps from 2-D (scanning electron microscopy) and 3-D (X-ray microtomography) imaging techniques. The porosity maps provided by the 3H-PMMA method demonstrate that porosity and mineral distributions are clearly correlated. The local (~µm) and global (~cm) porosity depend mainly on clay mineral content, carbonates and quartz being unporous. Solute diffusion was modelled from actual 3-D mineral and porosity spatial distribution. Using this numerical approach, diffusion pathways were quantified according to the mineral distribution. The geometry factor was correlated to the fraction and the morphology of unporous mineral. A diffusion anisotropy due to the preferential orientation of carbonates and quartz was also underlined by this approach. In an experimental way, Cu2+ diffusion and mineral was visualised and quantify at mescoscopic scale from elemental mapping methods. These techniques provide various relationships between Copper distribution and mineralogy
Reulier, Romain. "Impact de la structure paysagère sur les dynamiques spatiales des transferts hydro-sédimentaires : approche par simulation multi-agents." Caen, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01264723.
Full textMany socio-economic and environmental issues associated with hydro-sedimentary transfers are organized within hydrosystems from agricultural fields up to rivers streams (soil loss, soil infertility, diffuse pollution, turbid flood. . . ). If transfers initiation conditions are well known at the agricultural field levels, the flow dynamic that occur on the slope remains poorly understood. It is especially true in small hydrosystems in north-western France, where the abundance of linear networks (hedges, roads, ditches, etc. ) that could interfere with the topographic flow dynamics are present in the landscape. To measure these impacts, which remain difficult to estimate, two complementary approaches have been developed within this thesis. First, a quantification of the hydro-sedimentary transfers was achieved during different rainfall events on a small Normandy catchment (17. 6 km², BV Lingèvres, Calvados). This work allowed us to highlight the importance of sedimentary flows that can pass though during runoff episode and the complexity of spatio-temporal dynamics induced by the landscape structure. In parallel to this "field" approach, a computer model in multi-agent systems (SMA) was designed. By relying on SMA capabilities to bring out the overall dynamics of a system based on interactions at a local level, it is possible to reconstruct the path of runoff and get clues on spatial analysis in order to measure the effect of the landscape structure. The SMA model requires little input data and was applied to various catchment with different landscape features. This model produces interesting results that allow us to better understand the consequences of the landscapes on runoff
Moosavi, Sourena. "Initiation et propagation de la fracturation en milieu anisotrope avec prise en compte des couplages hydro-mécaniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0254/document.
Full textCurrent emphasis in petroleom industry toward increasing the reservoirs efficiency, along with the interest in exploitation of other sources of energy buried deep underground created a renewed interest in rock fracture mechanics in general and hydraulic fracturing specifically. Hydraulic fracturing, informally referred to as “fracking,” is an oil and gas well development process that typically involves injecting water, under high pressure into a bedrock formation via the well. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of existing fractures. However some of the very important features of this process have been overlooked. Among these neglected features one can name of inability of the vast majority of existing models to tackle at once the propagation of hydraulic fractures in fractured rocks-masses where a competing dipole mechanism exists between fracturing of the intact rock and re-activation of exiting fracture networks. Another feature that has been ignored is its intrinsically three dimensionality which is neglected by most models. Among all different types of numerical methods that have been developed in order to assess the mechanism of fracturing phenomenon very few, if any, can handle the entire complexity of such process. In the present thesis, fluid-driven crack initiation and propagation in transverse isotropic rocks is simulated using a coupled model comprising of eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and cohesive zone models. The HM XFEM developed in this thesis is an extension to previous models developed introduced in multiscale hydrogeomechanics team of GeoRessources. An emphasis is put on considering the anisotropic nature of the medium and on studying its influence on the propagation path. This latter is investigated by the concept of bifurcation angle previously introduced in literature. In complementary efforts was made to have a better understanding of crack initiation in transversely isotropic media, we also used the discrete element method (DEM) in order to gain insights into the mechanisms at stake. Both methods exhibit their advantages and disadvantages in modeling fracturing phenomenon. The different nature of two methods, DEM being a discontinuous and XFEM being a continuous method, reveals potentials of both methods and renders a good comparison of which method suits the problem in hand the best, considering the the objectives of the design
El, Soueidy Charbel-Pierre. "Éléments finis discontinus multi-domaines en temps pour la modélisation du transport en milieu poreux saturé." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/EL_SOUEIDY_Charbel-Pierre_2008.pdf.
Full textThis work treats the modeling of mass transport in porous media. The advective part of the transport equation is solved using the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method. In the first part, the discretization of the spatial operator is considered and two approximation spaces are studied and compared for unstructured meshes in 2-D. The temporal discretization is tackled in the second part of this study. Two alternatives to the traditional explicit scheme are presented : a class of semi-implicit schemes and an explicit local time-stepping procedure which allows spatially varying time steps. Finally, the last part of this work consists of using the developed numerical tools to simulate density coupled flow and transport in porous media. The local time procedure is implemented in a 3-D numerical code and numerical experiments show that the model gives accurate results being highly efficient for this kind of problems
Renaudeau, Julien. "Continuous formulation of implicit structural modeling discretized with mesh reduction methods." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0075/document.
Full textImplicit structural modeling consists in approximating geological structures into a numerical model for visualization, estimations, and predictions. It uses numerical data interpreted from the field to construct a volumetric function on the domain of study that represents the geology. The function must fit the observations, interpolate in between, and extrapolate where data are missing while honoring the geological concepts. Current methods support this interpolation either with the data themselves or using a mesh. Then, the modeling problem is posed depending on these discretizations: performing a dual kriging between data points or defining a roughness criterion on the mesh elements. In this thesis, we propose a continuous formulation of implicit structural modeling as a minimization of a sum of generic functionals. The data constraints are enforced by discrete functionals, and the interpolation is controlled by continuous functionals. This approach enables to (i) develop links between the existing methods, (ii) suggest new discretizations of the same modeling problem, and (iii) modify the minimization problem to fit specific geological issues without any dependency on the discretization. Another focus of this thesis is the efficient handling of discontinuities, such as faults and unconformities. Existing methods require either to define volumetric zones with complex geometries, or to mesh volumes with conformal elements to the discontinuity surfaces. We show, by investigating local meshless functions and mesh reduction concepts, that it is possible to reduce the constraints related to the discontinuities while performing the interpolation. Two discretizations of the minimization problem are then suggested: one using the moving least squares functions with optic criteria to handle discontinuities, and the other using the finite element method functions with the concept of ghost nodes for the discontinuities. A sensitivity analysis and a comparison study of both methods are performed in 2D, with some examples in 3D. The developed methods in this thesis prove to have a great impact on computational efficiency and on handling complex geological settings. For instance, it is shown that the minimization problem provides the means to manage under-sampled fold structures and thickness variations in the layers. Other applications are also presented such as salt envelope surface modeling and mechanical restoration
Davy, Philippe. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la collision continentale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626782.
Full textZabsonré, Jean de Dieu. "Modèles visqueux en sédimentation et stratification : obtention formelle, stabilité théorique et schémas volumes finis bien équilibrés." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS023.
Full textWe present in this document some bilayer flows, namely shallow-water and sediment transport models. First, by formal asymptotic developments, we derive viscous two-dimensional bilayer shallow-water models assuming that the flow is composed of two immiscible fluids (Straight of Gibraltar). We give some numerical results onto the derived models. We extend to the bilayers case the existence of solutions obtained for one layer. In this analysis, the difficulty results from the friction terms due to multipliers used in the entropy estimation. Next, we propose new models of sediment transport which are energetically consistent, for which we obtain theoretical stability results. Lastly, we develop a new version of flux-limiter well balanced numerical scheme combining a scheme of type roe to that of type Lax-Wendroff. Both schemes are built by taking into account the tangential variation of the quantities. This scheme is used to simulate the sediment transport model
Cartalade, Alain. "Modélisation des écoulements dans les aquifères fracturés, développement d'un modèle multi-continua (problèmes direct et inverse) et application au site du CEA/Cadarache." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20032.
Full textAssier, Rzadkiewicz Sandrine. "Etudes numériques et expérimentales d'un glissement de sédiments le long d'une pente sous-marine et des vagues générées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20024.
Full textGrunberger, Daniel. "Etude expérimentale de l'évolution des microstructures et des propriétés physiques et mécaniques des argiles au cours de la compaction." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20235.
Full textGuyonnet-Benaize, Cédric. "Modélisation 3D multi-échelle des structures géologiques de la région de la faille de la moyenne Durance (SE France)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10050.
Full textThe complexity of geological structures in Middle Durance region makes difficult the characterization and evaluation of seismic risk in this region. Understanding these structures in 3D requires to use modern techniques of 3D digital modelling in order to achieve the 3D geological models of the bedrock with coherence on different scales, to perform ground motion simulations. Building 3D geological models need to normalize heterogeneous geophysical and geological databases (oil boreholes, geotechnical boreholes, seismic profiles, H/V geophysical profiles, high and low resolution geological mapping, biostratigraphic dating,...) in the 3D software gOcad. The realization of 3D geological models allows to characterize the 3D geometry of main the tectonic structures in Middle Durance region, including the Middle Durance Fault Zone (ZFMD) and the high resolution geometry of geological bedrock of the Cadarache Valley, and in particular its tertiary sedimentary fill. Our study allows to specify the ZFMD 3D geometry and its role on the adjacent geological structures. The ZFMD is a transfer zone that limits lateral extension and changes the geometry of folds and thrusts. The Middle Durance tectonic structures are characterized by a thin-skin deformation. Salt tectonics plays an important role in this deformation (detachment level, training and 3D geometry of folds). At the scale of the Valley of Cadarache, outcrop geological study coupled with boreholes geostatistical study allows to perform a 3D simulation of the spatial distribution of facies and to propose a 3D sedimentary model for the Tertiary filling of the Cadarache Valley. It is characterized by sedimentation in two steps: a first step of filling by important detrital inputs from the Southeast, related to the erosion of the Maures-Esterel massif, a second step of filling by deposits of fluvial meandering sand-dominant environment with high-sinuosity. Finally, building multi-scale 3D models allows explaining the formation of the Valley of Cadarache in the geodynamic context of the Middle Durance region at Tertiary times, and particularly under the influence of the Pyrenean compression and ZFMD on the Middle Durance region and the Valley of Cadarache
Ung, Philippe. "Simulation numérique du transport sédimentaire : aspects déterministes et stochastiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2019/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested on the study of a sediment transport model through two different approaches. One of them concerns the numerical modelling of the problem and proposes a numerical problem-solving method based on an approximate Riemann solver for the Saint-Venant-Exner system which is one of the most common model to deal with sedimentary bed-load transport. This last one is based on a coupling between the hydraulic model of Saint-Venant and the morphodynamic model of Exner. The key point of the proposed method is the treatment of the coupling issue. Indeed, there exists two strategies; the first one consists on decoupling the resolution of the fluid part from the solid part and making them interact at fixed times whereas the second one considers a coupled approach to solve the system by jointly updating the hydraulic and solid quantities at same times. We then raise the issue of the choice of the strategy for which we suggest answers by comparing both approaches. The other one focuses on the development of a methodology to study the uncertainties related to the model previously mentioned. To this end, we propose a stochastic formulation of the Saint-Venant-Exner system and we look for characterizing the variabilities of the outputs in relation to the naturally random input parameters. This first study reveals the need for a return to the Saint-Venant system with a perturbed bed to understand the sensitivity of the hydraulic quantities on the topographical perturbations
Bonneau, François. "Inclusion de données indirectes dans la simulation de réseaux de fractures discrets." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0144/document.
Full textThe stochastic simulation of discrete fracture network is based on the sampling of distribution law that describes the geometry of natural fracture networks. It generally simulates each fracture by selecting the position, the geometry and the dimensions of a planar object. The general organization of the discrete fracture network emerges from this stationary and stochastic process. This thesis explores a pseudo genetic and stochastic approach using rules that drive the seeding and the propagation of non planar objects, and allow the emergence of a fractal organization. The simulation mimics the natural fracturing process by considering the constraint accumulation zone and the shadow zone associated to each fracture already simulated in the fracture seeding, growth and linkage. We explore the impact of the method on the fractal dimension of discrete fracture network models, and we quantify its impact on both the connectivity and the percolation threshold. The validation of the stochastic approach is based on the realism of models both in terms of geometry and impact on its physical behavior. Our approach constrains the geometry of discrete fracture networks at fracture and at fracture network scales using statistic distribution laws and mechanical concepts. Mechanical discontinuities can also be described by indirect data that quantify the response of the fractured rock volume to dynamic or mechanical stimulation. We propose an efficient way to take into account flow information recorded from tracer tests and microseismic events that trigger after a hydraulic stimulation. The method is integrated during the stochastic simulation in order to remove the need of an optimization process that may be time consuming or may impact the fractal organization of the network
Samson, Philippe. "Équilibrage de structures géologiques 3D dans le cadre du projet GOCAD." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_SAMSON_P.pdf.
Full textPons, Adeline. "Surpressions de fluide et stabilité des prismes d'accrétion : théorie et validation numérique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743957.
Full textJi, Shengcheng. "Simulation 3D des ondes de batillage générées par le passage des bateaux et des processus associée de transport de sédiments." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2068/document.
Full textShip-generated waves in restricted waterways lead to the stream banks erosion and cause environmental damage which harms fish, plants, benthos, plankton, etc. They also alter the channel morphology because of the resuspension and transport of bed material by accelerated flows caused by moving-ships. The magnitude of these waves depends mainly on the geometrical and kinematical parameters of the convoy.The objective of this study is to predict the relationship between these geometrical and kinematical parameters and the amplitude of ship-generated waves as well as the water plane drawdown. Numerical simulations are conducted by solving the 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations along with the k-ε model for turbulent processes. The results are compared firstly with the empirical models and secondly with experimental measurements performed by the French Compagnie Nationale of Rhône (CNR). The exitance of the propeller increases the sediment in suspension. Therefore, the relationships between the re-suspended sediments and the advancing speeds of the convoy, the wakes generated by the moving convoy, as well as the number of barges are studied by adding 3D advection-diffusion equation and a propeller model
Szydlarski, Mikolaj. "Algebraic Domain Decomposition Methods for Darcy flow in heterogeneous media." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550728.
Full textLe, Roux-Mallouf Romain. "Déformation Holocène de l’Himalaya du Bhoutan : apport de la géomorphologie et de la paléosismologie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT142/document.
Full textThe Himalayan arc is one of the most active intra-continental mountain belts in the world. Over the last centuries, several major earthquakes (Mw > 7.5) have struck this arc. The dramatic effects of the Gorkha earthquake sequence in 2015 pointed once again the crucial need to improve seismic hazard assessment of this area.Geological explorations of the Himalayas since the late 19th century have emphasized a 2500-km-long roughly cylindrical structure, with striking continuity of main units and thrust faults. However recent geophysical and geological investigations have revealed lateral variations. The relationship between these variations and earthquakes segmentation along the arc remains poorly constraint. The maximum size and the occurrence probability of such earthquakes are still a matter of debate.For instance, the seismic behavior of Bhutan remains enigmatic. The present-day low seismicity rate observed in this area can reflect two opposite fault behaviors: an aseismic creeping zone or a zone of stress accumulation for future great earthquakes as the others parts of Himalayas. The main objective of this thesis is to bring new constraints on the deformation of the Bhutan Himalayas, at different space- and time-scales, through morphotectonic and paleoseismological approaches.The first part of this thesis focuses on the vertical deformation assessment along a N-S transect in western Bhutan and along the Main Frontal Thrust, which is the southern-most thrust in southern Bhutan. In the past three years, we have carried out three fieldwork campaigns to sample (1) frontal terraces to assess Holocene uplift rates, (2) watershed basins to quantify short term denudation rates (< 20 ky) derived from cosmonuclides $^{10}$Be and (3) hinterland alluvial terraces to quantify the Holocene incision rate. Frontal Holocene uplift rates obtained in Bhutan are consistent with those obtained in the others parts of Himalayas. Furthermore, our results reveal a variation in the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust between eastern Nepal and western Bhutan.The second part focuses on several paleoseismic studies along the west and central bhutanese Himalayan front. Different sites were investigated during three fieldwork campaigns. Detritic charcoals sampling and modeling suggest the occurrence of at least five surface-rupturing earthquakes during the last ~2700 years. These results demonstrate that the present-day low seismicity rate observed in Bhutan is not representative of the seismic activity at longer time scale. At regional scale, they also take part of a broader discussion on the probability of occurrence of a magnitude 9 earthquake along the Himalayan arc
Anquez, Pierre. "Correction et simplification de modèles géologiques par frontières : impact sur le maillage et la simulation numérique en sismologie et hydrodynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0069/document.
Full textNumerical geological models help to understand the spatial organization of the subsurface. They are also designed to perform numerical simulations to study or predict the rocks physical behavior. The internal structures of geological models are commonly discretized using meshes to solve the physical governing equations. The quality of the meshes can be, however, considerably degraded due to the mismatch between, on the one hand, the geometry and the connectivity of the geological objects to be discretized and, on the other hand, the constraints imposed on number, shape and size of the mesh elements. As a consequence, it may be desirable to modify a geological model in order to generate good quality meshes that allow realization of reliable physical simulations in a reasonable amount of time. In this thesis, I developed strategies for repairing and simplifying 2D geological models, with the goal of easing mesh generation and simulation of physical processes on these models. I propose tools to detect model elements that do not meet the specified validity and level of detail requirements. I present a method to repair and simplify geological cross-sections locally, thus limiting the extension of modifications. This method uses operations to edit both the geometry and the connectivity of the geological model features. Two strategies are thus explored: geometric modifications (local enlargements of the layer thickness) and topological modifications (deletions of small components and local fusions of thin layers). These editing operations produce a model on which it is possible to generate a mesh and to realize numerical simulations more efficiently. But the simplifications of geological models inevitably lead to the modification of the numerical simulation results. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of model simplifications on the physical simulations, I present three applications of the method: (1) the simulation of seismic wave propagation on a cross-section within the Lorraine coal basin, (2) the site effects evaluation related to the seismic wave amplifications in the basin of the lower Var river valley, and (3) the simulation of fluid flows in a fractured porous medium. I show that (1) it is possible to use the physical simulation parameters, like the seismic resolution, to constrain the magnitude of the simplifications and to limit their impact on the numerical simulations, (2) my method of model simplification is able to drastically reduce the computation time of numerical simulations (up to a factor of 55 in the site effects case study) while preserving an equivalent physical response, and (3) the results of numerical simulations can be changed depending on the simplification strategy employed (in particular, changing the connectivity of a fracture network can lead to a modification of fluid flow paths and overestimation or underestimation of the quantity of produced resources)
Pegaz-fiornet, Sylvie. "Etude de modèles pour la migration des hydrocarbures dans les simulateurs de bassin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10049.
Full textHydrocarbon migration modeling in sedimentary basins aims to localize and to quantify hydrocarbon accumulations in geological formations in order to estimate their petroleum potential. In this thesis, we study “Darcy” migration models and also simplified migration models such as “ray-tracing” and “invasion percolation”; the purpose is to conduct a critical analysis and to offer improvements while providing a guide for a relevant use on case studies.We start by a review of migration mechanisms from the pore scale to the basin scale, then we present each model.In a following part, we propose two invasion percolation algorithms: the first one is suited to structured grids, the second one allows to take better account of unstructured grids.In a third part, we take an interest in the comparison between the different models and particularly between “Darcy” and “invasion percolation” approaches. First we devote our attention to numerical aspects supported by several use cases; then we realize a formal comparison by studying the asymptotic limit of the “Darcy” model large time solution. Afterwards, we present several applications including the study of a 3D real case in complex geometry.Finally, we conclude this work with two articles. The first one shows an evolution of “Darcy” models by using the method of local grid refinement with an illustration on a case study from northern Kuwait. The second one synthesizes the main results on “Darcy” and “invasion percolation” methods
Le, Minh Hoang. "Modélisation multi-échelle et simulation numérique de l’érosion des sols de la parcelle au bassin versant." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2059/document.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to study a multiscale modelling and to develop a suitable method for the numerical simulation of soil erosion on catchment scale. After reviewing the various existing models, we derive an analytical solution for the non-trivial coupled system modelling the bedload transport. Next, we study the hyperbolicity of the system with different sedimentation laws found in the literature. Relating to the numerical method, we present the validity domain of the time splitting method, consisting in solving separately the Shallow-Water system (modelling the flow routing) during a first time step for a fixed bed and updating afterward the topography on a second step using the Exner equation. On the modelling of transport in suspension at the plot scale, we present a system coupling the mechanisms of infiltration, runoff and transport of several classes of sediment. Numerical implementation and validation tests of a high order wellbalanced finite volume scheme are also presented. Then, we discuss on the model application and calibration using experimental data on ten 1 m2 plots of crusted soil in Niger. In order to achieve the simulation at the catchment scale, we develop a multiscale modelling in which we integrate the inundation ratio in the evolution equations to take into account the small-scale effect of the microtopography. On the numerical method, we study two well-balanced schemes : the first one is the Roe scheme based on a path conservative, and the second one is the scheme using a generalized hydrostatic reconstruction. Finally, we present a first model application with experimental data of the Ganspoel catchment where the parallel computing is also motived
Jeambrun, Denis. "Propagation d'une onde de cisaillement en milieu non linéaire dissipatif." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755781.
Full textKalo, Kassem. "Caractérisation microstructurale et modélisation micromécanique de roches poreuses oolithiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0203/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the influence of the microstructure of heterogeneous porous rocks on the behavior at the macroscopic scale. Thus, we characterized the microstructure and micromechanical properties (thanks to nano-indentation tests) of two porous oolitic rocks (Lavoux limestone and iron ore) to calculate their effective mechanical and thermal properties. Oolitic rocks are constituted by an assemblage of porous grains (oolites), pores and inter-granular crystals. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray 3D Computed Tomography were used to identify the different components of these rocks. Particular attention was given to X-Ray computed tomography since this analytical method allows the characterization of the porous network (size, spatial distribution, and volume fraction), and the shapes of oolites and inter-oolitic crystals. The novelty of this work lies in taking into account the 3D real shape of pores. Hence, we approximated porous oolites by spheres and irregularly shaped pores by ellipsoids. This approximation was performed thanks to the principal component analysis (PCA), which provides the geometrical properties such as length of semi-axes and orientation of resulting ellipsoids. The sphericity of the approximated oolites was calculated and the values close to 1 allowed us to consider oolites as spheres. To verify the approximation in the case of pores, we evaluated the contribution of these irregularly shaped three-dimensional pores to the overall elastic properties. Thus, compliance contribution tensors for 3D irregular pores and their ellipsoidal approximations were calculated using the finite element method (FEM). These tensors were compared and a relative error was estimated to evaluate the accuracy of the approximation. This error produces a maximum discrepancy of 4.5% between the two solutions for pores and ellipsoids which verifies the proposed approximation procedure based on PCA. The FEM numerical method was verified by comparing the numerical solution for compliance contribution tensors of ellipsoids to the analytical solution based on Eshelby’s theory. The difference between these two solutions does not exceed 3%. The same numerical method was used to calculate thermal resistivity contribution tensors. Calculated compliance and resistivity contribution tensors were used to evaluate effective elastic properties (bulk modulus and shear coefficient) and effective thermal conductivity by considering the two-step Maxwell homogenization scheme. The results showed an important influence of the porosity on effective properties. Finally, the results obtained for irregular pores were compared to those for ellipsoidal ones and they showed a good agreement with a maximum deviation of 4% which verifies once again the approximation of irregularly shaped pores by tri-axial ellipsoids
Birrien, Florent. "Assimilation de données et inversion bathymétrique pour la modélisation de l'évolution des plages sableuses." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870775.
Full textTrottier, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulement en milieux poreux fracturés : estimation des paramètres par approche inverse multi-échelle." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037933.
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