Academic literature on the topic 'Failure in Marriage'

Abstract In the middle of April I went with Dauwaras and Purkiten and Purkiten's sister for a short visit to Laeko. We returned late on Sunday afternoon. There were people waiting with sores which they wanted bandaged. While seeing to them, I heard that just the day before, on Saturday, Silmai's eldest daughter Warao had run away from Wimalu to come to Watalu, to find Tuawei.

This short conclusion sums up the main arguments of the book. It contends that the inadequacy of the current law on marriage is underlined by two issues that have come to the fore in recent years: the issues of unregistered religious marriages and of non-religious marriages. It reiterates how the need for reform in relation to these two issues differs. It stresses that unregistered religious marriages are not always problematic. Where they result from a free and deliberate choice then the decision not to comply with legal formalities should be respected. Legal redress should be provided to those in unregistered religious marriages where the failure to comply with registration requirements is unwitting or is not truly voluntary on the part of one of the parties.

Abstract The engagement of forty-eight year-old Mark Pattison to twenty-one-year-old Francis Strong took place soon after Francis returned from London on completing her art studies.1 The marriage ceremony was performed in If¯ey Church on September 10, 1861, by William Tuckwell, the bride’s brother-in-law.2 No account by Mark or Francis of their courtship, engagement, and wedding survives, but the marriage entered the folklore of Oxford, and contemporaries made sense of it in conversation and letters.3 The palpable shock with which the engagement was greeted in Oxford may entice us into trusting the normalizing explanations that circulated during and after the Pattisons’ lives, although the marriage’s semipublic status as a failure meant that stories of its making tended to take sides, especially after the circulation of novels purportedly based on the Pattison meÂnage. Middlemarch, after all, was published in 1872, well before Mark Pattison’s 1884 death. The scandal that coincided with Emilia Strong Pattison’s second marriage also in¯ected accounts of the marriage.

Chapter 7 examines the Wesleys’ marriage as a deeply political and fraught relationship. Samuel and Susanna Wesley were both Tories and held High Church principles, but it seems that Susanna was a Jacobite, following the Revolution of 1688; whereas Samuel accepted the offer of the throne to William and Mary. In contrast to the usual accounts of the marriage, which suggest two moments of discord, this chapter suggests that their relationship was marked by sustained and enduring conflict. Starting in 1701–2 the couple separated over Susanna’s refusal to say ‘amen’ at prayers for the King. The breach was only superficially resolved in 1702. Thereafter the marriage remained a source of tension. In 1711 Susanna’s establishment of a prayer meeting in Epworth while Samuel was in London led to friction between them. A year later, Samuel reported his wife to the Bishop of Lincoln for her failure to accept the invalidity of her dissenting baptism.

This chapter, after consideration of the preceding dynastic disarray and violence, begins with discussion of the reign of Amyntas III, the husband of Eurydice, and proceeds to Amyntas’ two known marriages. It notes the fundamental problems with chronology that characterize the period and the failures of Amyntas’ reign, particularly the issue of whether he was forced to flee his kingdom once or twice. It also assesses his achievements, chiefly increased dynastic stability, in the later stages of his reign. The chapter then discusses Amyntas’ marriages: he had three sons by Eurydice and three by Gygaea. This chapter argues that Amyntas was polygamous and Gygaea was likely the second of the two wives. Amyntas’ marriage to Eurydice was a political alliance, related to the Illyrian invasion of Macedonia, but whether Eurydice herself was partly Illyrian remains disputed because of the uncertain ethnic identity of her mysterious father Sirras. This chapter considers it likely that her father was Illyrian. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the possible reasons for the consecutive succession of each of Eurydice’s three sons and the failure of any of Gygaea’s sons to rule.

This chapter turns to the question of reform, proposing specific reform proposals showing in detail how the consolidation, simplification and modernisation of the law on intimate adult relationships should be achieved. These will rest on two points of principle. The first is that the legal redress should be provided to those in unregistered religious marriages where the failure to comply with registration requirements is unwitting or is not truly voluntary by one of the parties. The second is that non-religious ceremonies and ceremonies conducted by independent celebrants should be legally binding.

This chapter focuses on marriage and divorce, which symbolizes the Galician Jewry’s failure to internalize Austrian legal and civil norms. It talks about Galician Jews that married clandestinely in accordance with Jewish law but in violation of Austrian law, causing children of such marriages that carried their mother’s last name to be considered illegitimate. It also examines how the application of Austrian marriage and divorce laws to Habsburg Jewry developed and illustrates the impact of these laws on Galician Jewry. The chapter focuses on the two division of the marriage and divorce laws: legislation that applied throughout the Habsburg empire and political laws or local ordinances that applied to Galician Jews. It talks about how the division affected the way many Galician Jews viewed the law of the land.

Abstract By binding himself to the social institution of marriage, a man builds and sustains himself in predictable ways. Marriage changes men by improving their accomplishments. Marriage in Men’s Lives shows that the soft boundaries surrounding private married life provide a template for activities in public life as well. Married men are more involved than unmarried men in the impersonal and rational world of work, where the rewards are public and measured in dollars or prestige. There are clear models, or standards, to follow in such pursuits, and success (or failure) is easily recognized. Married men alter their personal communities by shifting allegiance from informal or personal friendships to relationships in patterned and normative roles, where performance is easily judged by conformity to accepted principles. And married men change their model of help and assistance to conform with expectations about socially accepted standards of responsibility and obligations, especially to relatives. In these ways, and perhaps many others, marriage structures men’s lives around standards and rules that are known and appreciated in our society.

"Divorce is considered a form of family disintegration that leads to the demolition of the family and family pillars after its construction through the marriage contract and then the termination of all social ties between husband and wife and often between their relatives. Divorce rates have risen to frightening levels that threaten our Islamic societies. Among the most important causes of divorce in our society are the following: The failure of one or both spouses in the process of adapting to the other through the different nature of the spouses and their personalities, the interference of the parents, the lack of harmony and compatibility between the spouses, the bad relationship and the large number of marital problems, the cultural openness, the absence of dialogue within the family. Several parties have sought to develop possible solutions to this dangerous phenomenon in our society, including: Establishment of advisory offices to reduce divorce by social and psychological specialists, and include the issue of divorce within the educational and educational curricula in a more concerned manner that shows the extent of the seriousness of divorce and its negative effects on the individual, family and society, and the development of an integrated policy that ensures the treatment of the causes and motives leading to divorce in the community, as well as holding conferences. Scientific and enlightening seminars and awareness workshops and the need for religious institutions and their media platforms to play a guiding and awareness role of the danger and effects of divorce on family construction and society, and to educate community members about the dangers of divorce and the importance of maintaining the husband’s bond and stability. As well as reviewing some marriage legislation and regulations, such as raising the age of marriage and reconsidering the issue of underage marriage, which is witnessing a rise in divorce rates. Among the proposed solutions is the demand to withdraw the power of divorce from the man's hands and place it in the hands of the judge, to prevent certain harm to women, or as a means to prevent the frequent occurrence of divorce. The last proposition created a problem that contradicts the stereotypical image of divorce in Islamic law, for which conditions and elements have been set, especially since Islamic Sharia is the main source of personal status laws in most Islamic countries. Therefore, the importance of this research is reflected in the study of this solution and its effectiveness as a means to prevent the spread of divorce, and not deviate from the pattern specified for it according to Sharia."

Unlike more mature E-Class heavy duty gas turbine rotors, F-Class gas turbine rotors have exhibited a variety of failure mechanisms over the past 20 years. From the liberation of nickel turbine posts to large (600 mm) cracks in marriage components, F-Class rotors have failed to achieve the reliability of older units. Now as the F-Class units are approaching the OEM-recommended end of life (EOL), operators are struggling to repair and/or replace as operations and maintenance (O&M) budgets are dwindling. As such, end users are routinely forced to turn to other service providers to provide targeted (limited) inspections aimed at extending the life of these capital parts. While suitable for more mature rotor systems, recent EOL investigations into multiple OEM F-Class rotors have revealed significant issues with limited inspections. Utilizing comprehensive non-destructive testing (NDT), forging defects and surface cracks have been discovered throughout compressor and turbine rotors. However, inspection alone cannot determine if adequate life remains when an indication is found. In addition to the inspections, recommended analytical modeling and requisite material test data for CrMoV, NiCrMoV, and IN706 rotor materials will be overviewed. In some cases, the NDT indications have resulted in the retirement of individual components, as analytical predictions could not provide a suitable extension for those particular components. The concern is highlighted that a significant amount of these findings were in the cold end of the compressor, which would have been missed with more traditional, limited inspections. The goal of this paper is to provide the end user the information to reliably and safely extend the life of their rotor beyond the original OEM recommendation.

Turbine cooling is a battle between the desire for greater hot section component life and the techno-economic demands of the marketplace. Surprisingly little separates the haves from the have nots. The evolution of turbine cooling is loosely analogous to that of the Darwinian theory of evolution for animals, starting from highly simplistic forms and progressing to increasingly more complex designs having greater capabilities. Yet even with the several generations of design advances, limitations are becoming apparent as complexity sometimes leads to less robust outcomes in operation. Furthermore, the changing environment for operation and servicing of cooled components, both the natural and the imposed environments, are resulting in new failure modes, higher sensitivities, and more variability in life. The present paper treats the evolution of turbine cooling in three broad aspects including the background development, the current state-of-the-art, and the prospects for the future. Unlike the Darwinian theory of evolution however, it is not feasible to implement thousands of small incremental design changes, random or not, to determine the fittest for survival and advancement. Instead, innovation and experience are utilized to direct the evolution. Over the last approximately 50 years, advances have led to an overall increase in component cooling effectiveness from 0.1 to 0.7. Innovation and invention aside, the performance of the engine has always dictated which technologies advance and which do not. Cooling technologies have been aided by complimentary and substantial advancements in materials and manufacturing. The state-of-the-art now contains dozens of internal component cooling methods with their many variations, yet still relies mainly on only a handful of basic film cooling forms that have been known for 40 years. Even so, large decreases in coolant usage, up to 50%, have been realized over time in the face of increasing turbine firing temperatures. The primary areas of greatest impact for the future of turbine cooling are discussed, these being new engine operating environments, component and systems integration effects, revolutionary turbine cooling, revolutionary manufacturing, and the quantification of unknowns. One key will be the marriage of design and manufacturing to bring about the concurrent use of engineered micro cooling or transpiration, with the ability of additive manufacturing. If successful, this combination could see a further 50% reduction in coolant usage for turbines. The other key element concerns the quantification of unknowns, which directly impacts validation and verification of current state-of-the-art and future turbine cooling. Addressing the entire scope of the challenges will require future turbine cooling to be of robust simplicity and stability, with freeform design, much as observed in the “designs” of nature.

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the implementation of a Digital Oilfield (DOF) system for the real-time management of the Oredo field in OML 111. The Oredo field is predominantly a retrograde condensate field with a few relatively small oil reservoirs. The field operating philosophy involves the dual objective of maximizing condensate production and meeting the daily contractual gas quantities which requires wells to be controlled and routed such that the dual objectives are met. An Integrated Asset Model (IAM) (or an Integrated Production System Model) was built with the objective of providing a mathematical basis for meeting the field's objective. The IAM, combined with a Model Management and version control tool, a workflow orchestration and automation engine, A robust data-management module, an advanced visualization and collaboration environment and an analytics library and engine created the Oredo Digital Oil Field (DOF). The Digital Oilfield is a real-time digital representation of a field on a computer which replicates the behavior of the field. This virtual field gives the engineer all the information required to make quick, sound and rational field management decisions with models, workflows, and intelligently filtered data within a multi-disciplinary organization of diverse capabilities and engineering skill sets. The creation of the DOF involved 4 major steps; DATA GATHERING considered as the most critical in such engineering projects as it helps to set the limits of what the model can achieve and cut expectations. ENGINEERING MODEL REVIEW, UPDATE AND BENCHMARKING; Majorly involved engineering models review and update, real-time data historian deployment etc. SYSTEM PRECONFIGURATION AND DEPLOYMENT; Developed the DOF system architecture and the engineering workflow setup. POST DEPLOYMENT REVIEW AND UPDATE; Currently ongoing till date, this involves after action reviews, updates and resolution of challenges of the DOF, capability development by the operator and optimizing the system for improved performance. The DOF system in the Oredo field has made it possible to integrate, automate and streamline the execution of field management tasks and has significantly reduced the decision-making turnaround time. Operational and field management decisions can now be made within minutes rather than weeks or months. The gains and benefits cuts across the entire production value chain from improved operational safety to operational efficiency and cost savings, real-time production surveillance, optimized production, early problem detection, improved Safety, Organizational/Cross-discipline collaboration, data Centralization and Efficiency. The DOF system did not come without its peculiar challenges observed both at the planning, execution and post evaluation stages which includes selection of an appropriate Data Gathering & acquisition system, Parts interchangeability and device integration with existing field devices, high data latency due to bandwidth, signal strength etc., damage of sensors and transmitters on wellheads during operations such as slickline & WHM activities, short battery life, maintenance, and replacement frequency etc. The challenges impacted on the project schedule and cost but created great lessons learnt and improved the DOF learning curve for the company. The Oredo Digital Oil Field represents a future of the oil and gas industry in tandem with the industry 4.0 attributes of using digital technology to drive efficiency, reduce operating expenses and apply surveillance best practices which is required for the survival of the Oil and Gas industry. The advent of the 5G technology with its attendant influence on data transmission, latency and bandwidth has the potential to drive down the cost of automated data transmission and improve the performance of data gathering further increasing the efficiency of the DOF system. Improvements in digital integration technologies, computing power, cloud computing and sensing technologies will further strengthen the future of the DOF. There is need for synergy between the engineering team, IT, and instrumentation engineers to fully manage the system to avoid failures that may arise from interface management issues. Battery life status should always be monitored to ensure continuous streaming of real field data. New set of competencies which revolves around a marriage of traditional Petro-technical skills with data analytic skills is required to further maximize benefit from the DOF system. NPDC needs to groom and encourage staff to venture into these data analytic skill pools to develop knowledge-intelligence required to maximize benefit for the Oredo Digital Oil Field and transfer this knowledge to other NPDC Asset.