Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fair wind'

This project is intended to demonstrate the current state of knowledge in the prediction of the tonal and broadband noise radiation from a Sevik rotor. The rotor measurements were made at the Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel. Details of the rotor noise and flow measurements were presented by Wisda et al(2014) and Murray et al(2015) respectively. This study presents predictions based on an approach detailed by Glegg et al(2015) for the broadband noise generated by a rotor in an inhomogeneous flow, and compares them to measured noise radiated from the rotor at prescribed observer locations. Discrepancies between the measurements and predictions led to comprehensive study of the flow in the wind tunnel and the discovery of a vortex upstream of the rotor at low advance ratios. The study presents results of RANS simulations. The static pressure and velocity profile in the domain near the rotor’s tip gap region were compared to measurements obtained from a pressure port array and a PIV visualization of the rotor in the wind tunnel

Moldova is known for its wines, which enjoy great popularity not only in its own country, but in all CIS countries too. The wine trade is the heart of the Moldovian economy and the main export article of the country. That is why I have decided to write about wines and focus on exhibitions and fairs. Exhibitions and fairs are, in my opinion, a quite neglected item in comparison with traditional methods of propagation - advertising, PR, sponsorship, etc. My diploma work among other things will help to eliminate this gap. The main objective of my work is the analysis of the wine trade fair ExpoVin Moldova, followed by recommendations to improve the activities of the event. The central hypothesis of my work will be the following assertion: ExpoVin Moldova provides absolutely excellent opportunity for collaboration for producer of wines, government and retailers of wine. Therefore, I will try either to confirm or reject this hypothesis.

The long-term effects of large-scale changes in forestry, agriculture and other land use on habitats and the large-scale expansion of wind farming  affects bats foraging environments. In order to predict consequences of exploitations on local bat species and populations, good surveys are important. To get good background information for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) it  is crucial to rapidly assess which areas are most important for bats. The aim of this work was to measure the importance of the two types of forest environment for bats foraging : forest areas located close to or far from the lakes. Bat activity and species diversity was measured with automatic ultrasound recorders in 211  nights of fieldwork at 155 locations in 23 areas in different parts of Sweden during June, July and the first two weeks of August 2011 and 2012. A total of 11 species were recorded in forest far from lakes and 8 species in forest close to lakes. Eptesicus nilssonii , Myotis sp. and Pipistrellus pygmaeus were the most common taxa in both habitat types. Activity levels were higher in the vicinity of lakes compared to forests far away from lakes. Species diversity calculated on base on Chao 2 was similar for both types of habitats . The results suggest that the forests close to lakes are the most important habitats to surveys for bats in Sweden and that inventory efforts should be primarily invested in them.

Magister Economicae - MEcon
Fairtrade is an international organisation aimed at creating empowerment, sustainable livelihoods and fair trading opportunities for small-scale producers and hired labourers in the Global South. The organisation Fairtrade International and its independent certification body FLO-CERT form part of the larger Fair Trade movement. As South Africa's wine industry is still characterized by oppression of its farm workers, the organisation urges for a profound transformation of the industry. Fairtrade's engagement in South Africa is unique as it emerged from an initiative of local producers seeking the certification in 2003. Since then, the number of Fairtrade grape and wine farms has steadily increased and expanded to other wine-producing countries. Thus, after more than ten years of Fairtrade operation in this industry, it is worthwhile evaluating the impact of this international initiative on local farm workers on wine estates. This study uses the capability approach as a theoretical platform from which to assess farm workers' quality of life. The investigation draws a comparison between conditions for workers on Fairtrade-certified farms and conditions for workers on non-certified wine estates. Quantitative research methods were used to gather relevant information. The findings prove the hypothesis of a positive impact of the Fairtrade intervention, but only in certain categories. Labourers on Fairtrade-certified farms were found to be better off concerning financial provision for retirement, contractual status and opportunities to participate in professional training and to join unions. The data furthermore supports the hypothesis that Fairtrade workers are more satisfied with their jobs on wine farms. For further research, longitudinal studies and participatory research approaches are recommended to obtain in depth-information about farm workers' views on Fairtrade.

The Agulhas Current plays a critical role in both local and global ocean circulation and climate regulation, yet the mechanisms that determine the seasonal cycle of the current remain poorly understood. Model studies predict an austral winter-spring maximum in poleward volume transport, whilst observations reveal an austral summertime (February-March) maximum. Here, the role of winds on Agulhas Current seasonality is investigated using shallow water models, satellite measurements, and a 23-year transport proxy based on observations. A one-and-a-half layer reduced gravity model is shown to successfully reproduce the seasonal phasing of the current. This seasonality is found to be highly sensitive to the propagation speed of Rossby waves, which determines the arrival time of the wind stress signal at the western boundary. By matching Rossby wave speeds to those observed using altimetry, an Agulhas Current with a maximum flow in February and a minimum flow in July is simulated, agreeing well with observations. Near-field winds, to the west of 35◦E, dominate this seasonality, as signals from more remote wind forcing dissipate due to destructive interference while crossing the basin. Local winds driving coastal upwelling/downwelling directly over the Agulhas cannot, alone, account for the observed seasonal phasing, as they force a NovemberDecember maximum and June minimum in flow. The seasonal response to Indian Ocean winds is also investigated using a barotropic (single layer) model with realistic topography. A barotropic adjustment cannot explain the observed Agulhas Current seasonality, predicting a wintertime maximum in transport. The results from the barotropic simulation are similar to previous model studies, where seasonality is dominated by a southward propagation of signals via the Mozambique Channel, suggesting that these models are too barotopic in their response to the winds. Findings from this study elucidate the role of near-field winds and baroclinic processes in determining the seasonality of the Agulhas Current.

Mestrado em Meteorologia e Oceanografia Física
Avanços tecnológicos e científicos contínuos contribuíram para a melhoria da relação custo/benefício na exploração de energia eólica offshore. Esses avanços levaram ao aumento do número e tamanho de novos parques eólicos offshore. O crescente número de parques em algumas zonas leva a que surjam áreas com uma alta concentração de parques eólicos, algumas delas dentro da raio de influência de outros parques situados na sua vizinhança. Devido à proximidade entre parques, estes podem funcionar como um obstáculo para o fluxo normal do vento e afectar a velocidade do vento noutros parques situados a jusante. Efeitos de esteira distante provocados pelo efeito combinado de efeitos de esteiras de turbinas e de clusters ou parques individuais podem originar deficits de velocidade significativos numa grande área ao redor de uma zona de interesse. O estudo das interacções entre parques eólicos e as resultantes perdas por efeito de esteira em parques eólicos vizinhos é um aspecto importante que deve ser tido em conta quando se decide o "layout" e localização de novos parques offshore. Devido às condições favoráveis para a exploração de energia eólica offshore no Mar de Norte, a concentração de parques eólicos nessa região é alta e continua a aumentar tornando-a uma zona indicada para este tipo de estudo. Quando se considera uma área destas dimensões, o tamanho do domínio e a resolução horizontal podem tornar-se num obstáculo difícil de ultrapassar. Devido a que os modelos actuais usados para o estudo de efeito de esteira necessitam de um poder computacional bastante elevado, é bastante difícil simular áreas com centenas de quilómetros de comprimento que englobam vários parques eólicos offshore com diferentes áreas, características e tipo de turbinas eólicas. A recente implementação de parameterizações de parques eólicos no código fonte de modelos de mesoscala pode constituir uma ferramenta indispensável para ultrapassar estes obstáculos. Usando o modelo de mesoscala Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), que inclui uma parameterização de parque eólico, simularam-se os parques eólicos offshore de Horns Rev 1 e Horns Rev 2. Este trabalho tenta quantificar o deficit de velocidade no parque de Horns Rev 1 devido à construção do parque de Horns Rev 2 na vizinhança do mesmo. Uma validação dos resultados é efectuada usando dados medidos de várias torres situadas na zona do parque de Horns Rev 1, e uma análise do potencial desta metodologia é efectuada.
Continuous technological and scientific advances have contributed to the improvement of the relation cost-benefi in the exploitation of offshore wind farms. Those advances have propelled the construction of new and larger offshore wind farms and have contributed to a high concentration of wind farms in several areas, some of them built within the radius of influence of other neighbour wind farms. Because of their proximity, some of them might impact the wind conditions on other downstream plants. Pronounced far wakes effects generated by the combination of individual wind turbines and single or clusters of wind farms can provoke significant wind speed deficits within a large radius around a given location. The study of these wind farm interactions and the resulting wake losses on neighbouring wind farms is an important aspect that should be taken into account when deciding the layout and location of new offshore plants. Due to its favourable conditions to wind energy exploitation, the concentration of offshore wind farms in the North Sea region is high and it is still increasing making it a suitable location for this study. When onsidering such a large area, the domain size and resolution of the numerical models might be an obstacle difficult to overcome. Since current wake models require high computational power, it is very di fficult to simulate areas with hundreds of kilometres and several wind farms with different sizes, characteristics and different types of turbines. The recent implementations of wind farm parameterizations in the source code of mesoscale models could provide the required tool to over come those constraints. Using the state of the art Weather Resear ch and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, that in cludes a wind farm parameterization scheme, the Horns Rev 1 and Horns Rev 2 wind farms are simulated. This work tries to ascertain the wind speed deficits in the Horns Rev 1 wind farm due to the constru ction of the Horns Rev 2 plant in its proximity. An evaluation of the results is performed against real measurements from the site and the capabilities of the methodology are disc ussed.

Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Ciências. Universidade do Porto
The wine fairs are one of the most important, and also the oldest promotional wine activities carried out by grocery store channels. The present dissertation has as main objective to analyze the evolution of the wine fairs held by various retail chains in Portugal. In particular, it studies its history and evolution, presents sales results, and discrives how these fairs are planned and organized by the different actors in the Portuguese wine value chain. Quantitative data about the Portuguese wine market and wine fairs’ sales results were first analyzed. Next, thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants from wine produting companies and grocery store chains operating in the Portuguese market. The results show that, although wine fairs sales do not exhibit growth since 2008, this event continues to be a very important part of the strategic plan of grocery store channels and wine production companies. Furthermore, they highlight the existence of two different strategic approaches to wine fair planning, one in the starting years of this event in Portugal, and another more

Baseball fans discuss and remember the heroics of Major League Baseball players and managers. However, team executives operate away from the crowds, in the front office to draft, trade for, and sign talented players and managers to construct successful teams. The intent of this thesis is to first rank and analyze these general managers and presidents of baseball operations through finance and baseball statistics. Then, I will examine team statistics to determine what statistics correlate to winning. Two of the general managers, Theo Epstein and Dan O’Dowd, will then be examined more thoroughly to determine how their decisions impacted their respective teams. Ultimately, this paper will conclude with an assertion that the strategic actions of upper level executives in Major League Baseball directly positively and negatively impact the performance of their teams.

Certains vignerons français développent une démarche originale quant aux cépages qu’ils cultivent. Ils repensent leurs pratiques selon une approche qui repose sur des choix délibérés où la référence à l’histoire et la fonction mémorielle sont essentielles. Une première partie montre comment, depuis la fin du XIXème siècle, la science et la technique ont peu à peu investi la viticulture jusque là empirique et traditionnelle. Il en résulte aujourd’hui un contexte où la production de vin en France est dominée par un cadre technique et réglementaire, conditionné par les perspectives économiques et une politique européenne. Les vignerons sont désormais contraints dans le choix de leurs cépages. L’enquête ethnobiographique montre qu’il existe, à côté d’une viticulture conventionnelle, des vignerons qui pratiquent une ampélographie populaire et appliquée, où le cépage autochtone est un élément identitaire essentiel, vecteur de la mémoire du groupe à travers les savoirs, les savoir-faire transmis et le goût du vin qu’il véhicule. Maîtrisant l’ensemble du processus de production, ces vignerons repensent chacune de ses étapes -du choix et de la mise en culture des variétés de vigne à la commercialisation de leur vin- en référence à l’histoire locale et à des usages ancestraux qu’ils ont recherchés et remettent en pratique. En lien avec le terroir et ses particularités, ces cépages originaux constituent un patrimoine revalorisé. Ils permettent aux vignerons d’élaborer des vins à l’originalité et à la personnalité propre, qui témoignent de la richesse d’une culture vigneronne résolument ancrée dans son histoire, et dont le succès commercial garantit la pérennité
Certain French wine growers develop an original approach towards the grape variety they cultivate. They reconsider their practice with calculated choices where the reference to history and memory are essential. The first part shows how, since the end of the XIXème century, science and technology have little by little invested the wine growing, which until then was empirical and traditional. The result today is a context where the production of wine in France is dominated by a technical and lawful framework, conditioned by the economics and European policies. The wine growers are from now on constrained in their choice of wine varietals. The ethnobiographic investigation shows that there exists next to a conventional wine growing, “wine growers” who practice a popular ampelography which is applied where the indigenous grape variety is an essential identity element, vector of the memory of the group through knowledge, know-how and the taste of the wine that it conveys. Controlling all of the production process, these wine growers reconsider each one of its stages - from the choice and planting of the grape varieties to the marketing of their wines - in reference to the local history and ancestral know-how that they rediscovered and use. In connexion with the soil and its characteristics, these original grape varieties constitute a revalorized inheritance. They make it possible for the wine growers to develop original wines, with their own personality, which testifies the richness of a culture resolutely anchored in its history, and whose commercial success guarantees its durability

This diploma work considers conceptual design of aircraft in accordance in FAR 103 regulation. On the base of statistical dates has been made basic geometrical and aero-dynamical concept of a single occupant aircraft. For conception have been chosen optimal driving force and bases calculations of the load pressure and dimensions are included.

This article addresses the history of Juan Mezzich, a European immigrant who came to Peru to start a wine business, and his grandson, Julio Cesar Mezzich, a leader of Shining Path. Throughout the article, the author describes the historical period and the economic and social context in which both characters developed, emphasizing the role of the regulation of the economy that the Peruvian state ran throughout the twentieth century.
El presente artículo aborda la historia de Juan Mezzich, un migrante europeo que vino a Perú a emprender un negocio de vino, y su nieto, Julio César Mezzich, un dirigente de Sendero Luminoso. A lo largo del artículo, se describe la época historica y el contexto económico y social en el que se desenvolvieron ambos personajes, destacando el papel de la regulación de la economía que realizó el Estado peruano a lo largo del siglo XX.

Three models are developed to analyze the state level conditions fostering the rise of far right parties in the European Union in the last two decades. The political background of these parties is examined. This study offers a definition for far right parties, which combines several previous attempts. The research has focused on the effects of the number of the parties, immigration, and unemployment on support for the far right in Europe. Empirical tests, using a random effects model of fifty elections in eight nations, suggest that there are political, social, and economic conditions that are conducive to electoral success. Specifically, increases in the number of "effective" parties favor the far right, while electoral thresholds serve to dampen support. Immigration proves to be a significant variable. Surprisingly, changes in crime and unemployment rates have a negative effect on support for the far right. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Mi tesis doctoral trata los factores que influyen la aparición de organizaciones de extrema derecha contemporáneos en Rusia y subraya el papel clave de liderazgo en dichas organizaciones. Las preguntas de investigación son: ¿Hasta que punto ha cambiado el movimiento de derecha radical ruso a lo largo del tiempo? ¿Qué factores son responsables de la transformación interna (la aparición y la evolución) del movimiento de derecha radical en Rusia? Las variables dependientes centrales de mi estudio son el surgimiento y el cambio de los modelos organizativos de la derecha radical rusa y tienen que ver con el por qué, el cuándo y el cómo emergen nuevas estructuras movilizadoras y como cambian su forma, sus estrategias, discursos, y modelos. El objeto de mi estudio es el movimiento nacionalpatriota ruso, lo cual llamaré "oposición nacionalista-patriota" y definiré como: el amplio espectro de organizaciones nacionalistas extra-parlamentarias (partidos, movimientos y milieus), así como sus aliados dentro de la Duma. Utilicé una serie de métodos de recolección de datos que incluyen la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas (entrevistas a informantes claves), el uso de documentos generados por los movimientos bajo investigación, artículos de prensa e investigación de archivos. Mi estudio utiliza un enfoque interdisciplinario que combina diferentes disciplinas (ciencia política, sociología, economía) y diferentes métodos, y su objetivo es forjar un puente entre la documentación existente de ciencia política y de sociología sobre el fenómeno de la derecha radical. Queriendo entender el surgimiento y evolución de los movimientos, mi tesis aborda el desafío analítico de identificar las circunstancias que incluyen procesos estructurales y culturales y los combina con un enfoque basado en la actividad humana. Se basa en el esfuerzo continuo de fusionar las teorías de nacionalismo y de los movimientos sociales con el fin de contribuir a la construcción de una teoría más sólida sobre la protesta de los movimientos de la derecha radical. Mi argumento es que las organizaciones rusas de derecha radical contemporáneas cambian su forma, la estrategia, el discurso y el modelo a través de un proceso de adaptación basado en nuevas divisiones socioeconómicas (en la línea de estado-nación/ confederación sin la dominancia de una nación, cívica ciudadanía basada en derechos cívicos/ en sangre, y organizaciones políticas parlamentarias/ extra- parlamentarias), en la respuesta del gobierno hacia estas divisiones (en particular a través de la política de migración), y en las oportunidades que el régimen u otros factores externos (por ejemplo la tecnología) se abre o se cierra a ellos. Las oportunidades están determinadas por el contexto estructural que incluye elementos culturales, sociales y políticos. La movilización y los resultados del movimiento nacionalista-patriota pueden alimentar de nuevo en ambas estructuras de movimiento y estructuras de contexto. Durante este proceso, el papel del liderazgo es crucial, para capitalizar las oportunidades existentes, para construir una atracción al mensaje público de que es capaz de atraer el apoyo del público, y para transformar sus formas y estructuras organizativas de una manera que les permita sobrevivir y lograr sus objetivos. La realización de las entrevistas con líderes de los movimientos nacionalistas patriotas muestra que su actividad es fundamental para la creación y supervivencia de los movimientos. Mi estudio elabora una serie de movimientos conceptuales, incluyendo la introducción de una definición más amplia de la derecha radical que toma en cuenta las complejas relaciones que existen dentro y entre las organizaciones que la componen y su interacción con las organizaciones de oposición; la introducción del término estructuras de oportunidades tecnológicas; y la evolución del partido La Otra Rusia (anterior Partido Nacional-Bolchevique) del frente nacional-patriota. La investigación presente contribuye a la obtención de una visión más clara de los patrones y la dinámica de la derecha radical en contextos de transición, especialmente en los no-democráticos. El caso de estudio de Rusia se integra en el debate de las ciencias sociales enfocado en la aparición y el desarrollo de los movimientos de extrema derecha y pretende aportar herramientas para entender mejor casos similares que atraviesan un cambio sistémico rápido. Cuenta con implicaciones más amplias sobre el papel de las organizaciones nacionalistas en la transición democrática; el entendimiento de los movimientos similares en otros entornos de transición, como en Ucrania, o en contextos occidentales con características similares, por ejemplo los entornos de crisis económica del sur de Europa; y la mejor comprensión de presiones en la política interna que puedan afectar la toma de decisiones gubernamentales en una serie de cuestiones, como podría ser en la política exterior.
My PhD dissertation deals with the factors that influence the emergence of contemporary far right organizations in Russia and underlines the key role of leadership in those organizations. The research questions addressed in my research are: To what extent does the Russian radical right movement vary over time? What accounts for the internal transformation (the emergence and further evolution) of radical right organizations in Russia? The central outcome variable of my study are the emergence and organizational change of the Russian radical right movement that has to do with the why,when, and how mobilizing structures arise and how they change their form, strategy, discourse, and model. The population of my study is the broader radical right movement in Russia, which I will call “nationalist-patriotic opposition” and define as: the wide spectrum of extraparliamentarian nationalist organizations (parties, movements, and milieus), as well as their allies within the Duma. I used a number of data-gathering methods that include participant observation, semi-structured interviewing (key informant interviews), the use of indigenously generated documents by social movement organizations, newspaper articles, and archival research. My study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines different disciplines (political science, sociology, and area studies) and different methods based on extensive fieldwork (key-informant semi-structured interviewing, participant observation, and archival research) and aims to forge a bridge between political science and sociology literature on this topic. It addresses the analytical challenge of identifying circumstances that include both structural and cultural processes and combine them with an agent-based approach in order to understand movement emergence and development. It is based on the ongoing effort of merging nationalism and social movement theories in order to contribute to the construction of a more solid theory of radical right protest. My argument is that Russia's contemporary radical right organizations have changed their form, strategy, discourse, and model through an adaptation process under the influence of new socioeconomic cleavages (along the lines of nation-state/ nationless confederacy, civic/ blood citizenship, and parliamentarian/ extraparliamentarian political organizations), the government's response towards these cleavages (particularly through migration policy), and opportunities the regime or other external factors (e.g. technology) opens or closes to them. Opportunities are shaped by the structural context which includes cultural, social, and political elements. The mobilization and outcomes of the nationalist-patriotic movement may feed back into both movement structures and context structures. During this process, the role of leadership is crucial, for capitalizing on the existing opportunities, for constructing a message attractive to the public, and for transforming their organizational forms and structures in a way that will enable them to survive and to accomplish their goals. Evidence from interviews with leaders of nationalist-patriotic movements shows that their agency is fundamental for the movements' creation and survival. My study makes a series of conceptual contributions, including the introduction of a broader definition of the radical right that accounts for the complex relations that exist within and among the organizations that comprise it and their interaction with opposing organizations; the introduction of the term “technological opportunity structures”; and the disentanglement of the existent form of the National- Bolshevik Party- The Other Russia- from the nationalist-patriotic front. The present research contributes to obtaining more insight into the patterns and dynamics of right-wing radicalism in transitional settings, especially non-democratic ones. The case study of Russia seeks to contribute to the debate in social science on the emergence and development of radical right wing movements about a broader category of similar cases that undergo rapid systemic change. It has further implications for our understanding of the role of nationalist organizations in democratic transition; on the understanding of similar movements in other transitional settings, e.g.. Ukraine, or in Western non-transitional settings with similar characteristics, e.g. Southern European economic crisis environments; and for the better understanding of pressures in domestic policy that may impact governmental decision-making in a series of issues, e.g. foreign policy.

L’expertise a été étudiée en psychologie cognitive afin de comprendre les mécanismes psychologiques et les compétences intervenant dans différents domaines d’expertise. Dans le domaine du vin, les quelques études menées suggèrent que les experts organiseraient leurs connaissances autour de « prototypes » de couleur ou de cépage. L’objectif général de cette thèse visait à répondre aux questionnements théoriques concernant les représentations des vins d’experts et de novices, ainsi qu’aux questionnements de la filière concernant les perceptions des vins du Beaujolais. Pour cela, l’effet de l’expertise sur les représentations des vins a été évalué en comparant les performances de trois panels (experts, novices familiers et novices non familiers). Dans une première partie, l’organisation hiérarchique des connaissances a été étudiée en la comparant au système de classification des vins. Pour cela, une tâche de tri libre hiérarchique a été réalisée sur des étiquettes de vins de différents cépages, vignobles et appellations. Des interviews complémentaires ont permis d’identifier les critères et les stratégies utilisés par les panélistes. Dans une deuxième partie, les retranscriptions des interviews ont été analysées par analyse textuelle afin d’apporter des informations complémentaires sur les représentations des vins des différents panels. Dans une troisième partie, les représentations conceptuelles et perceptuelles des vins pour des niveaux de catégorisation de plus en plus spécifiques (cépage, appellation et lieu-dit) ont été comparées. Pour cela, une tâche de tri binaire a été réalisée pour chaque niveau de catégorisation sur des vins et les étiquettes de ces mêmes vins
Expertise was studied in cognitive psychology in order to understand the psychological mechanisms and the abilities involved in various areas of expertise. In the wine field, the few studies conducted on expertise suggest that the knowledge representation of experts is organized around “prototypes” derived from wines of different colours or grape varieties. The general purpose of this thesis was to address 1) theoretical questions about knowledge representation of wines among experts and novices, and 2) wine industry questions about Beaujolais wine perceptions. To this end, the effect of expertise on knowledge representations of wines was evaluated by comparing the performance of three different panels (experts, familiar novices and unfamiliar novices). In a first section, the hierarchical organization of knowledge was studied, and compared to the wine classification system. To this end, a free hierarchical sorting task was conducted on wine labels from different grape varieties, vineyards and appellations. Additional interviews allowed us to identify the criteria and the strategies used by panelists.In a second section, the transcribed interviews were analyzed by textual analysis in order to provide additional information about the wine representations of the different panels.In a third section, the conceptual and the perceptual wine representations of panelists were compared at different levels of abstraction going from the more general to the more specific (grape variety, appellation and lieu-dit) were compared. A binary sorting task was conducted for each level of abstraction using wines and labels of the same wines as stimuli

This thesis illuminates meaning(s) of religion in a Swedish radical nationalist context. The empirical study is based on a critical text analysis of author Jonas De Geer, key ideology producer of Swedish radical nationalism. The research questions concern how the publications of Jonas De Geer, during the period 1996-2016, address issues related to religion and Christian imagery. The primary aim of the thesis – to study how the concept of religion is understood, negotiated and used in a Swedish radical nationalist context – is enunciated through an examination of how identity and antagonists are construed through the notions of religion in the material, and how these concepts change over time. An applied text analysis, informed by critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics, constitutes the methodological framework of the study. The empirical analysis suggests that Christianity and national identity are construed as intertwined and natural, while Judaism is portrayed as the primary antagonist. Additionally, Islam and modernist ideals are depicted as weapons used by Jewish influence to dominate the West. Drawing on these empirical implications, the study concludes that religion functions as a racist configuration in De Geer's symbolic universe.

This thesis investigates how a change in the municipal asylum seeker share affects voting for the Sweden Democrats (SD), a far-right anti-immigration party, in both national Parliament and Municipal Council elections in Sweden. To circumvent the endogeneity problem, I use an instrumental variables strategy where the share of available apartments in Allmännyttan is used as an instrument for the municipal share of asylum seekers living in Migration Agency provided accommodation (ABO). I have exploited municipal level panel data on municipality characteristics, allocations of asylum seekers and national elections. I am not able to find support for any effect of a change in the municipal share of asylum seekers on voting for the Sweden Democrats. Consequently, I cannot provide any support for either the group position theory or the contact hypothesis.

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No esporte competitivo a busca da vitória parece exigir dos atletas certo grau de "imoralidade". Simulações e faltas provocadas intencionalmente, bem como provocações e mesmo agressões não são exatamente raras em esportes coletivos; em esportes individuais, o doping é um exemplo bem conhecido. Seriam esses comportamentos inerentes à prática do esporte? Estudos recentes mostram, por outro lado, que tais condutas dependem de certa anulação ou bloqueio dos mecanismos empáticos em nosso cérebro. Ao que parece, para que haja uma "vontade de vencer", é preciso menos empatia do que a moralidade exige. Contudo, sentimentos empáticos são condições fundamentais para que haja comportamentos morais adequados. Por outro lado, para que a competição aconteça é necessário que se manifeste uma vontade de vencer naqueles que estão competindo. Isso representa um problema para pensar a ética no esporte, visto que a vontade de vencer pode tornar-se uma paixão desimpedida. Neste trabalho, assume-se que somos seres morais e empáticos por natureza, mas que a empatia pode ser desenvolvida ou reprimida por uma série de contingências. Por outro lado, assumimos também que a vontade de vencer é uma dessas contingências, sendo inerente à competição. Assim, o que pode ou não acontecer durante um jogo parece estar diretamente relacionado à relevância do resultado e suas consequências. Conjugar empatia e vontade de vencer significa, portanto, conjugar variáveis morais eventualmente opostas, ambas, porém, necessárias para que o próprio esporte exista. Nesta tese, argumentarei que, durante uma competição, é inevitável que os atletas expressem sentimentos conflitantes e que há uma tensão inerente ao esporte entre a vontade de vencer e a empatia. Esses dois impulsos estão sempre presentes no esporte, pois eles representam, de um lado, o desejo do desportista em obter sucesso e, de outro, o desejo de respeitar o adversário, a fim de garantir uma competição justa. Combinar esses dois recursos sem fazer com que eles sejam anulados é talvez o maior valor do esporte competitivo. Como conclusão, defenderei, em termos metaéticos, que o exemplo do esporte mostra que uma concepção pluralista sobre os valores está mais próxima da verdade do que uma concepção monista.
In competitive sport, the pursuit of victory seems to require athletes a degree of "immorality." Intentional simulations and fouls, as well as provocations and even aggressions are not exactly rare in collective sports; in individual sports, doping is a well-known example. Are these behaviors inherent in the practice of sports? Recent studies show, on the other hand, that such behaviors depend on a certain nullification or blockage of the empathic mechanisms in our brain. It seems that a "will to win" requires less empathy than morality requires. However, empathic feelings are fundamental conditions for appropriate moral behavior. On the other hand, for the competition to happen it is necessary that a will to win be manifest in those who are competing. This presents a problem for thinking about sport ethics, since the will to win can become a passion unimpeded. In this work, it is assumed that we are moral and empathetic beings by nature, but that empathy can be developed or repressed by a series of contingencies. On the other hand, we also assume that the will to win is one of those contingencies, being inherent in competition. Thus, what may or may not happen during a game seems to be directly related to the relevance of the result and its consequences. Hence, to conjugate empathy and the will to win means to conjugate moral variables eventually opposed, since both of them are necessary for the sport itself to exist. In this thesis, I will argue that, during a competition, it is inevitable that athletes express conflicting feelings and that there is an inherent tension in the sport between the will to win and empathy. These two impulses are always present in the sport, since they represent, on the one hand, the desire of the sportsman to be successful and, on the other, the desire to respect the adversary, in order to guarantee a fair competition. Combining these two features without making them void is perhaps the greatest value of competitive sport. In conclusion, I will argue metaethically that the sport example shows that a pluralist conception of values is closer to truth than a monistic conception.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the constructed vision of social reality that the Sweden Democrats define and thus defend and legitimizes through their climate and environmental policy. With a focus on the power relations that are constitutive of the Sweden Democrats' definition of social reality, the intention is to clarify the Sweden Democrats' position on the issue of climate change and to make visible what underlies their actions concerning the ratification of the Paris Agreement. To achieve the purpose, critical discourse analysis is used as a method where political documents concerning the Sweden Democrats' climate, environment, and energy policy during the period 2018-2021 constitute the empirical material. The results show that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is both ambiguous and ambivalent, where Sweden's self-image and Swedish interests are prioritized over climate measures. The result also shows that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is constituted by underlying power relations to preserve the power of the nation-state and the subordinate position of developing countries. One conclusion that can be drawn is to reduce the Sweden Democrats to just being climate change deniers is to simplify because their attitude to climate change is characterized by ambivalence and self-interest rather than skepticism and denial. Another conclusion is that the Sweden Democrats' attitude to climate change is more about defending and preserving existing power relations and less about questioning the existence of climate change. A third conclusion that can be drawn is that the Sweden Democrats' action regarding the Paris Agreement is more about opposing a social change that entails increased equality and about legitimizing the nation state's continued relevance in a globalized world, and less about opposing the content and implementation of the Paris Agreement.

The evolution and development of eyespot and non-eyespot colour pattern elements was studied in Vanessa butterflies using a phylogenetic approach. A Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Vanessa was reconstructed from 7750 DNA base pairs from 10 genes. Twenty-four non-eyespot and forty-four eyespot color pattern elements from the Nymphalid ground plan were defined and studied and their evolutionary history was traced on the Vanessa phylogeny. Ancestral character states were predicted and the direction of evolutionary changes was inferred for all characters. Five serially arranged eyespots were predicted for the ancestral Vanessa on all wing surfaces. Homologous eyespot and non-eyespot characters on the surfaces of the forewing were more similar than those on the surfaces of the hindwing. Homologous eyespot characters on the dorsal surfaces of fore and hindwings show more similarities than the ventral surfaces, in contrast to what was found for non-eyespot characters. Independent Contrast analysis was also used to study correlations between eyespot characters. Independent Contrast analysis revealed significant correlations between eyespots 2 and 5 and eyespots 3 and 4 on all wing surfaces. This consistency among highly variable eyespot characters suggested a structural hypothesis: the existence of a Far-Posterior (F-P) compartment boundary and organizer could be responsible for the observed correlations. This hypothesis was tested in several ways. First, examination of wing patterns across species from all families of butterflies revealed correspondence between wing cells 1 and 4 and between cells 2 and 3. Second, evaluation of spontaneous mitotic clones in butterflies and moths reveals a peak abundance of clonal boundaries along the vein dividing wing cells 2 and 3. Finally, experimentally generated FLP/FRT mitotic wing clones produced in Drosophila, reveal a clonal boundary posterior to the L5 wing vein, which is homologous to the vein dividing wing cells 3 and 4 in butterflies. Collectively, this suggests the existence of an additional compartment boundary associated with an organizer in wing cell 3 responsible for patterning the posterior portion of insect wings. A model is proposed that predicts that the wing developmental compartment boundaries produce unique combinations of gene expression for each wing sector, permitting eyespot individuation.
February 2016

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation is an interdisciplinary study of various historical novels which dealt to a greater or lesser degree with the Great Trek and were written between the 1840s and the 1930s in Dutch, Afrikaans and English but with particular emphasis on H.P. Lamont's War, Wine and Women and Stuart Cloete's Turning Wheels (1937). The analysis of all these fictional reconstructions focuses on the portrayal of the Voortrekkers found in them. Much attention is also paid to the historical contexts in which the two principal works in question were written and the great controversies which they occasioned because both of their authors had had the temerity to challenge the long-established myth of the heroic Voortrekkers, one of the holiest of the iconic cows in the barns of their Afrikaner descendants. Chapter I, "Introduction", is a statement of the purpose of the study, its place in the context of analyses of the history of Afrikaner nationalism, its structure and the sources on which it is based. Chapter II, "The Unfolding of the Myth of the Heroic Voortrekkers", traces its evolution from the 1830s to the 1930s and explores how both English-speaking South Africans and Afrikaners, especially Gustav PrelIer, purposefully contributed to it. Also highlighted in this chapter is the significance of the Great Trek Centenary and the events leading up to it in the middle and late 1930s in intensifying Afrikaner nationalism. Chapter III, "The Heroic Myth in Early Dutch and Afrikaans Novels about the Great Trek", considers especially how these works were used as vehicles for placing before Afrikaners the historic virtues of their ancestors both to provide models for emulation and to stimulate their ethnic pride. Chapter IV, "Sympathetic English Reconstructions of the Great Trek", deals with two novels, Eugenie de Kalb's Far Enough and Francis Brett Young's They Seek a Country, both of which reproduced the heroic myth to some extent. Chapter V, "Rendezvous with Disaster? The South Africa in Which Lamont Wrote War, Wine and Women" establishes the context of intensifying Afrikaner nationalism which this immigrant from the United Kingdom encountered in the late 1920s when he accepted a lectureship at the University of Pretoria and why this context was hostile to a novel which was critical of Afrikanerdom. Chapter VI, "Wa1~ Wine and Women: Its General Context and Commentary on South Africa" explores how this work, conceived as a "war book" dealing with the 1914-1918 conflict in Europe, depicted both Englishmen and Afrikaners negatively. Chapter VII, "Academic Freedom vs. Afrikaner Nationalism: The Consequential Strife over War, Wine and Women" deals with the hostile reception of Lamont's pseudonymously published novel, the physical assault on him and his dismissal from his lectureship at the University of Pretoria. Chapter VIII, "The Rhetoric of Revenge in Lamont's Halcyon Days in Africa", explores how the author, after relurning lo England, used his pen as a weapon for striking back al his Afrikaans foes in South Africa. Chapter IX, "Stuart Cloete's Portrayal of the Voortrekkers in Turning U'heels", focuses on the portrayal of various ethnic types in his gallery of characters. Chapter X, "The Con troversy over Turning U'heels", handles the hostile and apparently orchestrated reaction to Cloete's book and how it was eventually banned. Chapter XI, "Conclusion: Quod Eral Demonstrandum", summarises several thematic findings which a detailed examination of the novels in their historical context yields.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling is 'n interdissiplinêre studie van verskeie historiese romans waarin daar in 'n mindere ofmeerdere mate op die Groot Trek gefokus word en wat geskryfis tussen die 1840's en die 1930's in Nederlands, Afrikaans en Engels, maar met die klem op H. P. Lamont se War, Wine and Wamen en Stuart Cloete se Turning Wheels (1937) in die besonder. Die analise van al hierdie fiktiewe rekonstruksies fokus op die uitbeelding van die Voortrekkers daarin. Daar word ook in die besonder aandag gegee aan die historiese kontekste waarbinne hierdie twee hoofwerke geskryfis en die groot polemiek daarrondom, omdat beide outeurs die vermetelheid gehad het om die lank reeds gevestigde mite van die heldhaftige Voortrekkers, een van die heiligste ikoniese koeie in die skure van die Afrikanernageslagte, uit te daag. Hoofstuk I, "Introduction", stel die doel van die studie, waar dit staan in die konteks van analises van die geskiedenis van Afrikanernasionalisme, die skruktuur en die bronne waarop dit gebaseer is. Hoofstuk II, "The Unfolding of the Myth of the Herioc Voortrekkers", volg die evolusie van Afrikanernasionalisme van die 1830's tot die 1930's en ondersoek op beide Engelssprekende Suid-Afrikaners en Afrikaners, veral Gustav Preller, doelgerig hiertoe bygedra het. In hierdie hoofstuk word daar ook beklemtoon hoe betekenisvol die honderdjarige herdenking van die Groot Trek en die gebeure wat daartoe aanleiding gegee het gedurende die middel- en laat 1930's, bygedra het tot die versterking van Afrikanernasionalisme. Hoofstuk III, "The Heroic Myth in Early Dutch and Afrikaans Novels about the Great Trek", bespreek veral hoe hierdie werke gebruik is om aan Afrikaners die historiese deugsaamheid van hulle voorvaders voor te hou en wat as voorbeelde moet dien wat nagestreef moet word en om hulle etniese trots te stimuleer. Hoofstuk IV, "Sympathetic English Reconstructions of the Great Trek", bespreek twee romans, Far Enough van Eugenie de Kalb en TheySeek a Country van Francis Brett Young, wat altwee die heroïse mite in 'n sekere mate herproduseer. Hoofstuk V, "Rendezvous with Disaster? The South Africa in Which Lamont Wrote War, Wine and Women" vestig die konteks van groeiende Afrikanernasionalisme wat hierdie immigrant van die Verenigde Koninkryk in die laat 1920's teëgekom het toe hy 'n lektoraat aan die Universiteit van Pretoria aanvaar het, en hoekom hierdie konteks vyandiggesind was teenoor 'n roman wat krities was teenoor die Afrikanerdom. Hoofstuk VI, "Wa1~ Wine and Women: Its General Context and Commentary on South Africa" ondersoek hoe hierdie werk, beskou as 'n "oorlogsboek" wat handeloor die 1914-1918 konflik in Europa, beide die Engelse en die Afrikaners in 'n negatiewe lig gestel het. Hoofstuk VII, "Academic Freedom vs. Afrikaner Nationalism: The Consequential Strife over War, Wine and Women" skenk aandag aan die vyandige ontvangs van Lamont se roman (gepubliseer onder 'n skuilnaam), die fisieke aanval op hom en sy ontslag as lektor van die Universiteit van Pretoria. Hoofstuk VIII, "The Rhetoric of Revenge in Lamont's Halcyon Days inAfrica", ondersoekhoe die outeur, na hy na Engeland teruggekeer het, sy pen as wapen gebruik het in 'n teenaanval op sy Afrikaanse vyande in Suid-Afrika. Hoofstuk IX, "Stuart Cloete's Portrayal of the Voortrekkers in Turning Wheels", fokus op die uitbeelding van verskeie etniese tipes in sy gallery karakters. Hoofstuk X, "The Controversy over Tumng Wheels", bespreek die vyandige en klaarblyklike georkestreerde reaksie op Cloete se boek, en hoe dit uiteindelik verban is. Hoofstuk XI, "Conclusion: Quod Era! Demonstrandum", bied 'n opsomming van verskei tematiese bevindinge aan, wat deur 'n gedetaileerde ondersoek van die romans opgelewer is.

La recherche a pour objectif d’examiner les pratiques scripturales d’étudiants du cours « séméiologie médicale » inscrits en troisième année de Médecine et de Pharmacie, mais aussi de décrire leurs savoir-faire, les genres d’écrits sollicités, leurs performances et leurs erreurs d’un point de vue compréhensif. Nous avons choisi le domaine médical parce que c’est un contexte où subsiste une multitude de genres d’écrits pratiqués et parce que les études en médecine peuvent donner une image sur ce qui se passe dans une formation disciplinaire à orientation professionnalisante et professionnelle, les études associant à la fois une formation théorique universitaire et une formation pratique professionnelle dont chacune à ses propres spécificités. Ces deux caractéristiques font que le fonctionnement du système disciplinaire médical pose des questions intéressant les didacticiens et les linguistes qui peuvent le décrire et proposer des pistes d’amélioration. Le concept théorique capital de cette étude sur l’écrit disciplinaire et sur la transition vers les pratiques et les genres d’écrits professionnels est celui du « genre disciplinaire » (que nous différencions du genre linguistique fonctionnel ou rhétorique communicatif). Un autre outil théorique convoqué dans cette recherche est le concept de « dysfonctionnement », utile pour une analyse du comportement discursif d’étudiants qui ne soit pas ancré dans une conception déficitaire au regard de la norme
The research has as objective to examine the scriptural practices of 'medical semeiology' students enrolled in their third year of Medecine and Pharmacy, but also to describe their know-how, the writing types solicited, their performances and their mistakes from a comprehensive point of view. We have chosen the medical domain because it is a field where a multitude of practical writing styles persist and because studies in medecine can illustrate what happens in disciplinary practices with professional-qualification and professional orientation, the studies combining theoretical university practices and practical professional, each having its owns specificities. Questions raised on how the disciplinary medical system functions based on these two characteristics interest didacticiens and linguists who can describe it and propose paths of improvement. The major theoretical concept of this study on disciplinary writing and the transition towards practices and professional kinds (genres) of writing is 'le genre disciplinaire' (that we differentiate from the functional linguistic kind (genre) or the communicative rhetoric). Another theoretical tool used throughout this research is the concept of 'dysfonctionnement', useful for an analysis of students' discursive behaviour, which is not anchored in an over drawn conception of the standard
اللذين يتناولان "CIREL-Théodile" هذه الدراسة تدخل في إطار برنامج البحث للمختبرين "اللغة والمجتمع" و(DAUNAY , FLUCKIGER والمحتويات المتخصصة (MESSAUDI ,2010a, 2010b, 2013a) اللغيات التقنية.)& HASSAN, 2015C. الممثلة من طرف السيدة " Composition Theory" كما تتعلق هذه الدراسات أيضا بالميدانية الأمريكية2008 ) التي ترتكز أعمالها في دراسة العلاقة بين "الكتابة والمناهج " و "الكتابة , 2010) DONAHNEالتي تعتمد على تحليل الممارسات في إطار وصفي وليس " Les littéracies Universitaires" والتخصصات " ونقديا.وتتناول هذه الأطروحة الممارسات الكتابية للطلبة المسجلين بالسنة الثالثة بكلية الطب والصيدلة بالرباط، تخصص"السينمائية الطبية". كما تقوم هذه الدراسة بوصف مهارات وقدرات الطلبة في الكتابة وأجناسها مبرزة الجوانب الإيجابيةفي ممارساتهم.لقد اخترنا الميدان الطبي لأنه مجال يتضمن العديد من أجناس الكتابة ولأن الدراسة في هذا المجال جديرة بإعطاءصورة واضحة عما يجري في التخصصات ذات الطابع المهني.هذه الدراسة تجمع بين الممارسة النظرية الجامعية والممارسة التطبيقية المهنية، اللتين لكل منهما ميزاتها الخاصة فيماللممارسات، وهاته الميزات تثير أسئلة أخصائيي التعليم (Le système disciplinaire) يتعلق بالنظام الضابط(الديداكتيكيين) واللسانيين فيما يخص النظام التعليمي بغية تدقيق الوصف واقتراح ممارسات بهدف التحسين.إن المفهوم النظري الرئيسي في هذه الدراسة، فيما يخص الكتابة المتخصصة وكذا فيما يتعلق بالانتقال من الممارساتوأجناس الكتابة النظرية الجامعية إلى الممارسات وأجناس الكتابة المهنية، هو " الجنس" ) الذي نفرقه عن الجنس اللغويوالبلاغي التواصلي(.حيث (Le dysfonctionnement) " كما يعالج البحث - وإن كان بدرجة أقل - مفهوما أساسيا آخر ألا وهو " الخللأنه ضروري لتحليل السلوك الكتابي للطلبة في إطار تحليلي ووصفي بغض النظر عن تقويمه والحكم عليه

Práce se zabývá stanovením bezpečné únavové životnosti křídla. Letadlo, které bylo podrobeno analýze, je vzpěrový hornoplošník celokovové konstrukce. Letadlo je certifikováno na základě předpisu FAR 23 Amendment 23-46. Výpočet bezpečné únavové životnosti musí být proveden v souladu s požadavky předpisu FAR 23 a jeho poradními oběžníky.\\ Teoretická část práce je věnována hlavně přehledu literatury a představení projektu, kde byla stručně shrnuta jeho historie vzniku. Část přehledu projektu také pojednává o podstatě požadavku na posouzení bezpečné únavové životnosti zadavatelem. V další části byl rovněž proveden rozbor literatury týkající se únavy. Jednalo se zejména o rozbor předpisu FAR 23, jeho poradních oběžníků a obecně literatury vztahující se k únavě jak v letectví, tak v obecném strojírenství.\\ Druhá část diplomové práce byla zaměřena zejména na výpočetní analýzu a vývoj specializovaného software. Výpočetní část obsahovala zejména přípravu vstupů, včetně obálek zatížení, stanovení typického letu, výpočet zatížení křídla a napjatostní analýza ve vybraných řezech křídla. Z výstupů prvotní analýzy se následně provedl výpočet poškození a životnosti pro daný typový let.

As social media becomes an integral part of our daily lives, and groups seek to utilize this medium to facilitate activism, understanding the nature of these communications and the impact of the content on the individual user becomes a valid area of interest. When one then considers that extremist and terrorist groups have found social media to be an inexpensive and effective means for communication, radicalization, recruitment and member mobilization, the need for this understanding becomes critical. This research seeks to provide just such an understanding in its examination of Far-Right English Defence League and their use of Facebook during a period of increased activism and online growth. Important elements of this work include an understanding of the legal and ethical issues surrounding the collection of online content, particularly in extremist environments; the role of traditional media in their coverage of the group and whether the comments of the members reflect the group's mission statement of the characterization of traditional media; the ability to enhance data segregation and analysis through the development and use of specialized software; and most importantly the findings from the data analysis. Contained within these findings is an understanding of the intricacies of online participation in extremist social media. These include insights into overall traffic generation, the use of links within communications and their impact on the member traffic, and how the group narrative put forth by the administrator is reflected in the dialogue of the users. The most important finding was an understanding of individual user participation within the group and how, even with such an inexpensive and pervasive media outlet, activist groups still struggle to overcome the problem of participation. That this knowledge can be applied in a meaningful way in counter extremist and counter terrorism efforts was an interesting and satisfying development.

Dr. Eleine Mad är Madeleine Jacobsssons talesperson för dom vetenskapliga och paranormala upptäckter som uppstår i hennes världar. Hon beskriver innehåll, teknik och estetik utifrån ett kategoriseringssytem där konsten delas upp som olika typer av komponenter och därefter avkodas dessa allteftersom. För att förstå intuitionens inblandning i arbetsprocessen omförvandlas den till tre separata roller av en Sökare, Samlare och Myntare. Med rollerna försöker jag beskriva på vilka sätt som intuitionen är till gagn eller av förödelse för det konstnärliga arbetet. Sagan om M handlar om en grodlik karaktär, Delop, som lämnar sin hemplanet för att uppsöka andra världar. I sitt sökande hittar Delop ett folkslag vars syn och levnadssätt skiljer sig från hennes erfarenheter av “verkligheten” såsom hon lärt sig att överleva i den.
Dr. Eleine Mad is Madeleine Jacobsson's spokesperson for the scientific and paranormal discoveries that arise in her worlds. She describes content, tecniques and aesthetics based on a categorization system where art is divided into different types of components and then decoded as they go. To understand the intuition's involvement in the work process, it is transformed into three separate roles by a Seeker, Collector and a Myntare(In swedish language the one who is a "myntare" -is verbally declaring a concept or term). With these roles I try to describe in what ways intuition is beneficial or devastating to the artistic work. The story of M is about a frog-like character, Delop, who leaves the home planet to seek out other worlds. In her search, Delop finds a world whose views and lifestyles differ from her experiences of "reality" as she learned to survive in it.

Recorded sound and image material of the presentation is available for private use.

This study explores fair trade in the South African wine sector. It was motivated by different opinions with regard to fair trade products and the international trading system, as well as personal interest in how to improve the lives of the workers in the South, especially women. Although more fair trade would not improve the lives of all the poor people in countries in the South, it can be a beginning of ending this major problem as well as making the international trading system more equal. Although this study was limited by time and length, it gives the reader an insight in how production of fair trade wine in South Africa is different than other non-fair trade production.
Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
日本語文學研究所
104
By discussing personification wind that can speak in fairy tales by Kenji Miyazawa and H. C. Andersen, we could know more about the influences of Andersen on Kenji''s fairy tales. There have been many studies of the relationship between Kenji and Andersen, including the literature, which indicates that the word “wind” was used frequently both on the fairy tales by Kenji and Andersen. By checking all of the fairy tales by both of them, the result shows that the indication is correct. In Chapter 2, we classified all of the sentences including the word “wind” from both of the writings by Kenji and Andersen. First of all, the samples are all classified into “Personification” and “No Personification”. Secondly, the category “Personification” was classified into “Personification Wind that can Speak” and “Personification Wind that can not Speak”, and the category “No Personification” was classified into “Movement” and “Sounds”. Finally, the category “Personification Wind that can Speak” was classified into “Narrator”, which was discussed in Chapter 3, and “Speaking Wind”, which was discussed in Chapter 4. In Chapter3 and Chapter4, we discussed the personification wind that can speak in fairy tales by Kenji and H. C. Andersen. According to the results, there are many things in common in the forms of the writings, but of the contents, there are some common points though, Kenji was inclined to write more about nature, Anderson was inclined to write more about human or society. Especially, the personification wind that can speak in Kenji''s writings came from north and west mostly, which was supposed to be influenced by the upbringing of Kenji. By discussing the personification wind that can speak in fairy tales by Kenji Miyazawa and H. C. Andersen, we expect the thesis can play a successful role for Kenji Miyazawa Studies, and the writers who aspire to write fairy tales.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2006.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 06, 2006) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Eagles, Munroe. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertação de mestrado em Ecologia
O presente estudo decorreu na Reserva da Faia Brava, localizada no distrito da Guarda. A raposa (Vulpes vulpes) é a protagonista. Trata-se de uma espécie que exibe grande plasticidade ecológica, sendo lendária a sua capacidade de adaptação. Com o objetivo de compreender o impacto da presença da raposa sobre as populações do coelho-bravo, foi efetuado um estudo visando determinar a distribuição dos vestígios deste canídeo. Com a finalidade de obter uma análise mais rigorosa e objetiva da distribuição e dieta deste mamífero carnívoro, o trabalho de campo abrangeu todas as estações do ano. Para o efeito, entre setembro de 2017 e junho de 2018, foram prospetadas 34 quadrículas de 500x500m. Utilizaram-se métodos indiretos, de modo a perturbar o menos possível o “habitat” em estudo e as espécies nele presentes. Recolheram-se e georreferenciaram-se os dejetos encontrados para posteriormente passar ao estudo da dieta. Foram também tidos em consideração indícios de pegadas, escavadelas e estações de cheiro. Verificou-se que, de acordo com a época do ano, existem variações na alimentação da raposa, o que evidencia a sua capacidade de adaptação. O consumo de coelho-bravo foi relativamente baixo, sendo considerada pontual a dependência por este lagomorfo, podendo concluir-se com base nos resultados obtidos que a raposa não está a ter impacto negativo nas populações de coelho-bravo no local em estudo. Visto que existiram relatos de coelhos-bravos doentes, a raposa até poderá estar a ter uma influência positiva nos locais onde estas ocorrências se verificam, pois limpam o meio de indivíduos menos saudáveis.
The present study was conducted in the Faia Brava Reserve, located in the Guarda district. The fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the protagonist. It is a species with great ecological plasticity, being legendary its capacity of adaptation. In order to understand the impact of the presence of the fox on the wild rabbit populations, a study was carried out to determine the distribution of traces of this canid. In order to obtain a more rigorous and objective analysis of the distribution and diet of this carnivorous mammal, the field work covered all the seasons of the year. Between September 2017 and June 2018, 34 quadrats of 500x500m were prospected. Indirect methods were used in order to disturb as little as possible the study habitat and the species present in it. The traces were registered and georeferenced to later do to the diet study. Indications of footprints, excavations and smell stations were also considered. It was verified that, according to the time of the year, there are variations in feeding of the fox, what evidences its high capacity of adaptation. Wild rabbit consumption was relatively low, showing that the red fox does not depend on this lagomorph, based on the results obtained, the red fox is not have a negative impact on the populations of wild rabbit at the study site. Since there have been reports of diseased wild rabbits, the fox may even be having a positive influence where these occur, since clean the environment of less healthy individuals.

L’expertise a été étudiée en psychologie cognitive afin de comprendre les mécanismes psychologiques et les compétences intervenant dans différents domaines d’expertise. Dans le domaine du vin, les quelques études menées suggèrent que les experts organiseraient leurs connaissances autour de « prototypes » de couleur ou de cépage. L’objectif général de cette thèse visait à répondre aux questionnements théoriques concernant les représentations des vins d’experts et de novices, ainsi qu’aux questionnements de la filière concernant les perceptions des vins du Beaujolais. Pour cela, l’effet de l’expertise sur les représentations des vins a été évalué en comparant les performances de trois panels (experts, novices familiers et novices non familiers). Dans une première partie, l’organisation hiérarchique des connaissances a été étudiée en la comparant au système de classification des vins. Pour cela, une tâche de tri libre hiérarchique a été réalisée sur des étiquettes de vins de différents cépages, vignobles et appellations. Des interviews complémentaires ont permis d’identifier les critères et les stratégies utilisés par les panélistes. Dans une deuxième partie, les retranscriptions des interviews ont été analysées par analyse textuelle afin d’apporter des informations complémentaires sur les représentations des vins des différents panels. Dans une troisième partie, les représentations conceptuelles et perceptuelles des vins pour des niveaux de catégorisation de plus en plus spécifiques (cépage, appellation et lieu-dit) ont été comparées. Pour cela, une tâche de tri binaire a été réalisée pour chaque niveau de catégorisation sur des vins et les étiquettes de ces mêmes vins
Expertise was studied in cognitive psychology in order to understand the psychological mechanisms and the abilities involved in various areas of expertise. In the wine field, the few studies conducted on expertise suggest that the knowledge representation of experts is organized around “prototypes” derived from wines of different colours or grape varieties. The general purpose of this thesis was to address 1) theoretical questions about knowledge representation of wines among experts and novices, and 2) wine industry questions about Beaujolais wine perceptions. To this end, the effect of expertise on knowledge representations of wines was evaluated by comparing the performance of three different panels (experts, familiar novices and unfamiliar novices). In a first section, the hierarchical organization of knowledge was studied, and compared to the wine classification system. To this end, a free hierarchical sorting task was conducted on wine labels from different grape varieties, vineyards and appellations. Additional interviews allowed us to identify the criteria and the strategies used by panelists.In a second section, the transcribed interviews were analyzed by textual analysis in order to provide additional information about the wine representations of the different panels.In a third section, the conceptual and the perceptual wine representations of panelists were compared at different levels of abstraction going from the more general to the more specific (grape variety, appellation and lieu-dit) were compared. A binary sorting task was conducted for each level of abstraction using wines and labels of the same wines as stimuli

The world is facing many problems, including limited natural resources as well as environmental and energy problems. Climate change is a fact and has a negative impact on several areas. The development of society has created the need for secure and reliable energy systems. Therefore, energy production must keep up with recent developments while limiting negative environmental impact. Although the sharp increase of renewable energy sources connecting to electrical networks creates stress on energy systems. Maintaining the standard of living and achieving sustainable energy production requires a significant increase in the efficiency of energy use. In addition, the fact that there are presently an abundance of effective ways to store electricity means, and requires, that the production, as well as consumption, of power are kept in balance at all times. One of the basic operating forces regarding the Smart Grid is to balance energy consumption in the best way possible. The intelligent networks method is also advantageous for the environment as well as the consumers and producers of electricity. Although the broad sense of the Smart Grid includes the whole power system, ranging from power generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure to all categories of consumers (domestic, commercial and industrial). Smart Grids are also techniques that enable improved business continuity, increased connectivity and also helps to improve the efficiency of the corporate network, and indirectly reduce costs for consumers. Further measures in this area include power supply and system maintenance as well as information and communication technology. This study will provide knowledge and understanding in addition to contributing ideas on how to improve the wind power plants and the electricity grid through the use of Smart Grids. The analysis is also a way to convey an overall impression of how the Smart Grid works as well as summarizing the general requirements in order to achieve the best possible performance.

The presented graduation thesis deals with radical right wing parties in the political system of the Czech republic. The far-right wing parties occured in the area of the present Czech republic in the second half of 19th century. In the following years their number and importance fluctuated. In the last twenty years the Dělnická strana appeared. This party was the most important far-right wing party since 1989 until present days. Dělnická strana was founded in 2002 and cancelled was by the Supreme Administrative Court eight years later. Many far-right wing parties acted in Czech republic besides this one after 1989. None of them, including Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti, which is the successor party of Dělnická strana, had ever achieved such popularity and elective results.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças Empresariais apresentada à Universidade Aberta
O presente trabalho propõe-se tratar, nas perspectivas histórica, contabilística e fiscal, a valorimetria dos stocks do Vinho do Porto, desde a década de 80, até aos nossos dias. É feita uma abordagem teórica aos critérios e métodos de valorimetria, em geral, e depois, à sua aplicação, em Portugal, Espanha, restante União Europeia e Estados Unidos. É divulgado um inquérito, questionando as empresas do sector, sobre estes temas, bem como uma actualização, recente, às conclusões nele obtidas. Face à proibição de utilização do método LIFO, pela NIC 41, é feita uma analise critica de duas propostas alternativas, e, finalmente, defendida uma estratégia próxima da recomendada pelas NIC 41 e IAS 2,designadamente na adopção,sempre que possível, do justo valor, na liberdade de utilização dos métodos de custeio aceites, pela normalização internacional, bem como na obrigatoriedade de relato, no Anexo, de A Valorimetria dos stocks de Vinho do Porto: uma abordagem contabilístico-fiscal informação financeira complementar e relevante, relativa a valorimetria. Chama-se, também, a atenção para a necessidade de maior rigor, e de aprofundamento das práticas de auditoria e supervisão, em matérias relacionadas com a valorimetria.
This work analyse the valuation of Port Wine stocks, in historical, accounting and tax perspectives, since the 80’ th till today. A theoretical approach is made to both valuation criteria and methods, in general, and then to its application in Portugal, Spain, rest of the European Union and the United States. An investigation is disclosed, questioning the industry on these issues, as well as a recent update on the conclusions obtained. Given the prohibition on the use of the LIFO method, by NIC 41, a critical analysis of the two alternative proposals is made, and finally a strategy is put forward, close to the one recommended by NIC 41 and IAS 2, in particular the use, wherever possible, of fair value, freedom to choose costing methods, accepted by international standards, as well as mandatory reporting, in the Addendum, of additional and relevant financial information regarding the value metrics. Attention is also drawn to the need for a greater accurancy, and development of audit and oversight practices in matters relating to inventory valuations.

Extraction is required to separate and concentrate trace level analytes from the sample matrix prior to gas chromatography (GC). Classical extraction procedures utilise large amounts of hazardous solvents, generate waste, and sensitivity limitations are associated with the injection of microlitre amounts of the final solvent extract. In response to real world challenges, and to overcome the problems associated with solvent extraction, novel silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) samplers were developed for solvent free enrichment of trace level analytes from indoor air, contaminated soil, desert soil, ultra high temperature (UHT) milk and Pinotage wine. Versatile PDMS samplers as a loop, a multichannel trap, or a denuder for trace environmental forensics, geochemical and aroma investigations are presented. A unique off-line multidimensional GC approach involving heart-cut gas chromatographic fraction collection is described, as is off-line olfactory assessment of recombined heart-cuts for synergistic odour effects. PDMS loop samplers were used for the extraction of DDT (1,1,1- trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) and its associated environmental pollutants from soil samples. Miniature denuder samplers accomplished separate concentration of vapour phase and of particulate phase fractions of DDT and its associated environmental pollutants from indoor air, in a single step. Ratios of airborne p,p’-DDD/p,p’-DDT and of o,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDT are unusual and do not match the ideal certified ingredient composition required of commercial DDT. Results suggest that commercial DDT used for indoor residual spraying may have been compromised with regards to insecticidal efficacy, demonstrating the power of this new environmental forensics tool. Multichannel PDMS trap samplers were used in a unique heart-cut multidimensional GC approach for off-line enantiomeric separation of o,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDD in air and soil. This alternative multidimensional method is compared to the complementary technique of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GCxGC-TOFMS). PDMS loop samplers were also employed for the solvent free extraction of hydrocarbons from desert soil to investigate, for the first time, a possible geochemical origin of the enigmatic fairy circles of Namibia. It is proposed that microseepages of natural gas and low volatility hydrocarbons are expressed at the surface as a geobotanical anomaly of barren circles and circles of altered vegetation. Multichannel PDMS trap samplers were utilised for sampling of the headspace of UHT milk and of Pinotage wine, and to study off-line, using a portable olfactometer, synergistic effects between recombined heart-cut aroma compounds. Olfactory results show that a synergistic combination of 2- heptanone and 2-nonanone was responsible for a pungent cheese-like odour in UHT milk, while a synergistic combination of furfural and 2-furanmethanol was responsible for a roast coffee bean-like odour in coffee style Pinotage wine. The small, low cost samplers are quick and easy to assemble and they fit commercial thermal desorber systems. The PDMS samplers are reusable. Solvent extraction of the sampling materials, extract clean-up and pre-concentration are not required. Thus, potential loss of analyte, introduction of contaminants and waste disposal are minimised. Solvent free thermal desorption permits transfer of the entire sample mass to the cooled injection system (CIS) inlet of a GC resulting in greater sensitivity when compared to injection of microlitre amounts of a solvent extract. This allowed for sampling of smaller sized soil samples, shorter air sampling times and lower air sampling flow rates when compared to solvent based methods.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Chemistry
unrestricted

Cette thèse examine, depuis une perspective durkheimienne, le conflit politique en Allemagne sur le multiculturalisme, l’immigration, et l’identité nationale. L’analyse se fait dans la période entre le début de la crise des réfugiés en 2015 et l’élection fédérale allemande de septembre 2017. J’identifie quatre idéaux moraux, soit des visions idéales de la communauté allemande qui motivent les acteurs politique : l’idéal des Autonomen qui rejettent tout forme de pouvoir et de domination, l’idéal du Verfassungspatriotismus (le patriotisme constitutionnel) de la SPD (et une partie de la CDU), l’idéal de la nation (ethno)culturelle de la plupart de l’AfD (et la CSU et la WerteUnion), et l’idéal de la nation biologique de l’extrême droite. Au cœur de chaque idéal est un objet sacré qui sert d’autorité morale qui légitimant des prescriptions morales et qui amène à une série de vérités morales et de jugements moraux, la totalité duquel Émile Durkheim identifie comme un fait moral. Pour les Autonomen et les adhérents du Verfassungspatriotismus, l’objet sacré est l’individu conçu à travers le concept de la dignité humaine. Pour les autres, l’objet sacré est la nation allemande, conçue en termes (ethno)culturels ou en termes biologiques. Cette thèse argumente que ces idéaux moraux sont intrinsèquement profanatoires, dans le sens que les prescriptions morales d’un objet sacré (la dignité humaine) violent directement l’objet sacré de l’autre (la nation), et vice-versa. Ces idéaux sont tous en concurrence pour le pouvoir et l’influence, avec comme but d’avoir accès au pouvoir étatique allemand. Le résultat est un conflit politique qui traduit essentiellement un conflit moral. Ces conflits ont lieu dans le domaine légal, au sein des partis politique, et à travers la violence politique. Ces conflits touchent un nombre de sujets clés comme la liberté d’expression, le multiculturalisme, et l’extrémisme politique. La présente thèse cherche à comprendre ces conflits à travers le prisme du concept durkheimien du fait moral, et développe une sociologie du conflit moral durkheimien. Cette thèse s’inspire également de la théorie de conflit de Randall Collins, qui s’inspire elle aussi de l’œuvre de Durkheim.
This dissertation examines, from a Durkheimian perspective, political conflict in Germany around the issues of multiculturalism, immigration, and national identity within the context of the Refugee Crisis beginning in 2015 and ending roughly with the German Federal Election in September 2017. It identifies four moral ideals, or ideal visions of the German community, that motivated political actors during this period: the Autonomen ideal that rejects all forms of power and domination; the ideal of Verfassungspatriotismus (Constitutional Patriotism) of the SPD (and parts of the CDU); the ideal of the cultural or ethnocultural nation of much of the AfD (and the CSU and WerteUnion); and the ideal of the biological nation on the far-right. At the heart of each moral ideal is a sacred object that serves as a moral authority that legitimates certain moral prescriptions, and leads to a set of moral truths and moral judgments, the totality of which Émile Durkheim identifies as a moral fact. For the Autonomen and adherents of Verfassungspatriotismus the sacred object is the individual understood through the concept of human dignity. For others the sacred object is the German nation, understood either in an (ethno)cultural sense or a biological sense. As the dissertation argues, these different moral ideals are inherently profanatory to each other, such that the moral prescriptions inspired by one sacred object (human dignity) directly violate the sacred object of the other (the nation), and vice-versa. These ideals all compete with each other for power and influence within the German political sphere as a means to gain access to (or to dismantle) state power. The result is political conflict that takes place essentially within a moral framework. These conflicts occur in the legal domain, in battles over party leadership and membership, and through political violence; they touch on a number of key issues such as free speech, multiculturalism, and political extremism. This dissertation seeks to understand these conflicts through the prism of Durkheim’s concept of the moral fact and to develop a Durkheimian sociology of moral conflict. In this analysis, the dissertation draws on Randall Collins’ conflict theory, which Durkheim’s work also largely inspires.

The aim of this graduate thesis is to analyze if and how the extra-parliamentary subject Akce D.O.S.T. influence the society and if the subject can be described as radical right-wing populist. Case Mudd's concept of the populist radical right was applied in the Citizen Association Akce D.O.S.T. to answer to these questions. On the basis of the Piero Ignazi' s theory silent counterrevolution follows the evaluation if the current conditions for the growth of the extreme and radical right-wing parties and similar subjects are favourable in the Czech Republic and if their growth could be expected. Attention is also focused on whether the economic conditions that have an impact on voters, influence their support for right-wing parties.

The master thesis Development of czech extreme right-wing after 1989 deals with three the most significant far right-wing parties in Czech republic after 1989. These parties are Association for republic - Czechoslovak Republican Party (SPR-RSČ), National Party (NS) and Workers' Party (DS). The only far right-wing body shall, which was able to enforce on Czech political scene and obtain representation in the Parliament was SPR-RSČ. Other two parties were unsuccessful in elections. Thesis has an ambition to make clear, why SPR-RSČ was that successful and other parties were not. But at the beginning of the thesis is explained concept of far right-wing. After this, is a chapter about SPR-RSČ, which was significant political party in the 90's. Nevertheless after unsuccessful elections in 1998 became piece by piece minor political force. Next part refers about NS, which was very unsuccessful in elections, but was able to attract attention of Czech media by its actions. Thesis also include chapter about DS, which was, as the only one after 1989, dissolved by the Supreme Administrative Court. However the party works under the name DSSS and nowadays is the most successful far right-wing party in Czech Republic. After that is a chapter, which clarifies the reasons why was SPR-RSČ successful and the other...

The submitted thesis deals with the issue of left-wing extremism, especially the development of Trotskyist groups in the territory of Czechoslovakia, later the Czech Republic between the years 1989 - 2014. In the first part of the thesis, the background of Trotskyism thought is introduced as an ideology which is the result of a long-standing conflict between Trotsky and Stalin that was primarily concerned with direction, leadership and the nature of the Soviet Union. The main topics of Trotskyism as the intellectual movement are defined on the base of the analysis of several major writings by L. D. Trotsky. The second part is devoted to the analysis of a number of Trotskyist organizations that are acting or have acted in the Czech environment. In total, four groups from the Czech environment can be identified as Trotskyist. These are the following entities: "Budoucnost" ("Socialist Alternative Future"), "Socialistická solidarita" ("Socialist Solidarity"), "Socialistická organizace pracujících" ("Socialist Organization of Working People"), and "Nová antikapitalistická levice/Levá perspektiva" ("New Anti- Capitalist Left/Left Perspective"). This thesis is an analysis of the development of these groups, of their requirements and program principles, and of the events which these groups participated in during...