Journal articles: 'Fair wind'

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Jayaraman, K. S. "Indian cooking: Chulhas win fair wind." Nature 315, no. 6019 (June 1985): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315450c0.

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Marshall, E. "A Fair Wind Blows for One Green Technology." Science 260, no. 5116 (June 25, 1993): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5116.1887.

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Somerville, W. M. "Operating experience of the Fair Isle wind turbine." IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 134, no. 5 (1987): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-1.1987.0063.

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Varentsov, Victor, and Alexander Yakushev. "Fair-wind gas cell for the UniCell setup." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1010 (September 2021): 165487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165487.

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Brown, Jennifer S. H., and Maureen Matthews. "Fair Wind: Medicine and Consolation on the Berens River." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031056ar.

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Abstract Fair Wind (Naamiwan) was an Ojibwa healer and leader widely known along the Berens River of Manitoba and northwestern Ontario in the early to mid-twentieth century. In the 1930s he became acquainted with the American anthropologist, A.Irving Hallowell, whose writings and photographs first drew our attention to Fair Wind's life and to the significance of his distinctive drum ceremonial, the roots of which extended to the Drum Dance that originated in Minnesota in the 1870s. This paper traces his life and explores the nature of his religious leadership, drawing upon the recollections of his descendants as well as on the records left by Hallowell and the numerous fur traders, missionaries, and others who visited the region during his long lifetime ( 1851-1944).

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Schmid, Fabienne, Juerg Schmidli, Maxime Hervo, and Alexander Haefele. "Diurnal Valley Winds in a Deep Alpine Valley: Observations." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010054.

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Diurnal valley winds frequently form over complex topography, particularly under fair weather conditions, and have a significant impact on the local weather and climate. Since diurnal valley winds result from complex and multi-scale interactions, their representation in numerical weather prediction models is challenging. Better understanding of these local winds based on observations is crucial to improve the accuracy of the forecasts. This study investigates the diurnal evolution of the three-dimensional mean wind structure in a deep Alpine valley, the Rhone valley at Sion, using data from a radar wind profiler and a surface weather station operated continuously from 1 September 2016 to 17 July 2017. In particular, the wind profiler data was analyzed for a subset of days on which fair weather conditions allowed for the full development of thermally driven winds. A pronounced diurnal cycle of the wind speed, as well as a reversal of the wind direction twice per day is documented for altitudes up to about 2 km above ground level (AGL) in the warm season and less than 1 km AGL in winter. The diurnal pattern undergoes significant changes during the course of the year. Particularly during the warm-weather months of May through to September, a low-level wind maximum occurs, where mean maximum up-valley velocities of 8–10 m s−1 are found between 15–16 UTC at altitudes around 200 m AGL. In addition, during nighttime, a down-valley jet with maximum wind speeds of 4–8 m s−1 around 1 km AGL is found. A case study of a three-day period in September 2016 illustrates the occurrence of an elevated layer of cross-valley flow around 1–1.5 km AGL.

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Teisl, Mario F., Shannon McCoy, Sarah Marrinan, Caroline L. Noblet, Teresa Johnson, Megan Wibberly, Robert Roper, and Sharon Klein. "Will Offshore Energy Face “Fair Winds and Following Seas”?: Understanding the Factors Influencing Offshore Wind Acceptance." Estuaries and Coasts 38, S1 (February 6, 2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9777-6.

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Thampapillai, Dilan. "The Novel as Social Satire: 60 Years Later, The Wind Done Gone and the Limitations of Fair Use." Deakin Law Review 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2012vol17no2art86.

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The absence of the doctrine of fair use from Australian copyright law has been a bone of contention in Australia after the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA). As the Australian government reformed the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) in the aftermath of the FTA it eschewed the option of adopting fair use. Instead, Australia chose to incorporate a version of fair use into its existing fair dealing framework. Accordingly, the Copyright Amendment Act 2006 (Cth) inserted ss 41A and 103AA into the Copyright Act. These provisions provide that a fair dealing with a copyright protected work does not constitute an infringement if it is done for the purposes of parody or satire. These provisions codify part of the ratio of the United States Supreme Court in the seminal case of Campbell v Acuff Rose Music. However, the parameters of these new provisions are unexplored and the sparse nature of fair dealing jurisprudence means that the true meaning of the provisions is unclear. Moreover, two cases from the United States, SunTrust Bank v Houghton Mifflin and Salinger v Colting, underline just how important it is to have legal rules that protect literary ‘re-writes’. Both cases involved authors using an original novel to ‘write back’ to the original author and the broader culture. ‘Writing back’ or the ‘re-write’ has a firm basis in literature. It adds something invaluable to our culture. The key question is whether our legal landscape can allow it to flourish. This paper examines the interaction between fair use and literary re-writes.

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Strassberg, Diane, Margaret A. LeMone, Thomas T. Warner, and Joseph G. Alfieri. "Comparison of Observed 10-m Wind Speeds to Those Based on Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory Using IHOP_2002 Aircraft and Surface Data." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2203.1.

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Abstract Comparisons of 10-m above ground level (AGL) wind speeds from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to point observations consistently show that model daytime wind speeds are slow compared to observations, even after improving model physics and going to smaller grid spacing. Previous authors have attributed the discrepancy to differences between the areas represented by model and observations, and the small surface roughness upstream of wind vanes compared with the corresponding model grid value. Using daytime fair-weather data from the May–June 2002 International H2O Experiment (IHOP_2002), the effect of wind-vane exposure is explored by comparing observed 10-m winds from nine surface-flux towers in well-exposed locations to modeled 10-m winds found by applying Monin–Obukhov (MO) similarity for unstable conditions to flight-track-averaged data collected by the University of Wyoming King Air over flat to rolling terrain with occasional trees and buildings. In the calculations, King Air winds and fluxes are supplemented with thermodynamic means and fluxes from the surface-flux towers. After exercising considerable care in characterizing and reducing biases in aircraft winds and fluxes, the authors found that MO-based surface winds averaged 0.5–0.7 ± 0.2 m s−1 less than those measured—about the same as the smaller reported discrepancies between NWP models and observed winds.

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Wang, Weiguo, William J. Shaw, Timothy E. Seiple, Jeremy P. Rishel, and Yulong Xie. "An Evaluation of a Diagnostic Wind Model (CALMET)." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1739–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1602.1.

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Abstract A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-approved diagnostic wind model [California Meteorological Model (CALMET)] was evaluated during a typical lake-breeze event under fair weather conditions in the Chicago region. The authors focused on the performance of CALMET in terms of simulating winds that were highly variable in space and time. The reference winds were generated by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) assimilating system, with which CALMET results were compared. Statistical evaluations were conducted to quantify overall model differences in wind speed and direction over the domain. Below 850 m above the surface, relative differences in (layer averaged) wind speed were about 25%–40% during the simulation period; wind direction differences generally ranged from 6° to 20°. Above 850 m, the differences became larger because of the limited number of upper-air stations near the studied domain. Analyses implied that model differences were dependent on time because of time-dependent spatial variability in winds. Trajectory analyses were made to examine the likely spatial dependence of CALMET deviations from the reference winds within the domain. These analyses suggest that the quality of CALMET winds in local areas depended on their proximity to the lake-breeze front position. Large deviations usually occurred near the front area, where observations cannot resolve the spatial variability of wind, or in the fringe of the domain, where observations are lacking. Results simulated using different datasets and model options were also compared. Differences between CALMET and the reference winds tended to be reduced with data sampled from more stations or from more uniformly distributed stations. Suggestions are offered for further improving or interpreting CALMET results under complex wind conditions in the Chicago region, which may also apply to other regions.

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Pedersen, J. G., M. Kelly, S. E. Gryning, R. Floors, E. Batchvarova, and A. Peña. "Comparison of Large Eddy Simulations of a convective boundary layer with wind LIDAR measurements." Advances in Science and Research 8, no. 1 (April 26, 2012): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-8-83-2012.

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of the horizontal wind speed and of the standard deviation of vertical wind speed from Large Eddy Simulations of a convective atmospheric boundary layer are compared to wind LIDAR measurements up to 1400 m. Fair agreement regarding both types of profiles is observed only when the simulated flow is driven by a both time- and height-dependent geostrophic wind and a time-dependent surface heat flux. This underlines the importance of mesoscale effects when the flow above the atmospheric surface layer is simulated with a computational fluid dynamics model.

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Zhang, Liqin, Jun XIE, Xingying CHEN, Yongsheng Zhan, and Lv Zhou. "Cooperative Game-Based Synergistic Gains Allocation Methods for Wind-Solar-Hydro Hybrid Generation System with Cascade Hydropower." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 3890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153890.

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In order to encourage hybrid generation of multiple wind/solar/hydro power stakeholders, synergistic gains from hybrid generation should be allocated fairly, efficiently and reasonably to all power stakeholders. This paper explores how cooperative game theory resolves conflicts among multiple wind/solar/hydro power stakeholders. Elaborate allocation processes of the nucleolus, Shapley value and MCRS methods are presented in resolve synergistic gains allocation problems of wind–solar–hydro hybrid generation system with cascade hydropower. By analyzing properties such as existence, uniqueness and rationality, we find that both the Shapley value and MCRS methods are fair, efficient and rational allocation methods whereas the nucleolus method is limited by reservoir volume of hydro power stakeholders. Analyses on computational feasibility show that the Shapley value method may induce combinational explosion problem with the integration of more power stakeholders. A further application in Yalong River basin demonstrates that, compared with the Shapley value method, the MCRS method significantly simplifies allocating process and improves computational efficiency. Therefore, the MCRS method is recommend as a fair, efficient, rational and computational feasible allocation method for hybrid generation system with large number of wind/solar/hydro power stakeholders.

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13

Pickrel, Paul. "Vanity Fair in America: The House of Mirth and Gone with the Wind." American Literature 59, no. 1 (March 1987): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2926483.

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Varentsov, V. L., and D. Habs. "“Fair-wind gas cell”—a new concept of a buffer gas cell design." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 496, no. 2-3 (January 2003): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(02)01761-8.

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Rodríguez-León, M. T., and José Sánchez-Sánchez. "Analysis of wind action on unique structures with application to Seville Fair Gateways." Engineering Structures 76 (October 2014): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.042.

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Zhang, Xiao Yan, Xiao Lu Ma, Li Hui Jin, and Xiao Ke Li. "Simulated Environment Test on Weather Fastness of Fair-Faced Concrete for Urban Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1150.

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To keep the perfect, artistic and natural characteristics of fair-faced concrete, it is necessary realizing its weather fastness. This paper introduces the simulated environment test for weather fastness of fair-faced concrete considering the environmental actions at all seasons such as washing of acid rain, sand blown by the wind, exposure to blazing sunlight, salt-fog, carbonization and freeze-thaw. Test methods for sand blown by the wind, washing of acid rain, slow freeze-thaw and exposure to blazing sunlight were invented. The mass change of concrete were measured, and the surface quality was evaluated by the glossiness, the pixel difference and the variance of pixel difference. The results showed that the mass had a little change under the comprehensive actions. The factors decreasing the surface quality in sequence from serious to slight were the washing of acid rain, the salt-fog, the freeze-thaw and the carbonization. The erosion degree increased with the increasing pH value in rainwater and the increasing density of sulfate-ion in salt-fog solution. The surface of concrete damaged by the long-term freeze-thaw and carbonization. The sand blown by the wind, and the exposure to blazing sunlight had little influence on the surface of concrete.

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Hinkelman, Laura M., Bjorn Stevens, and K. Franklin Evans. "A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Anisotropy in Fair-Weather Cumulus Cloud Fields." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3463.1.

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Abstract Causes of anisotropy in fair-weather cumulus cloud fields were investigated using quantitative measures of anisotropy and a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Case six of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud System Study Working Group 1 was used as the standard model scenario. This case represents radiatively forced development of cumulus clouds over the southern Great Plains. Cloud formation under a variety of environmental conditions was simulated and the degree of anisotropy in the output fields was calculated as a function of spatial scale. Wind shear was found to be the single greatest factor in the development of both vertically tilted and horizontally stretched cloud structures. Other factors included mean wind speed, initial water vapor mixing ratio, and the magnitude of the surface forcing.

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Saitoh, Hiroumi, Daichi Sugawara, Wataru Wayama, and Kazuhiro Sekinuma. "A Proposal of Linear Programming Based Method for Achieving Fair Curtailment of Wind Power Generation and Conditions associated with the Fair Curtailment." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 141, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 506–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.141.506.

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Szecskó, Zoltán. "The analysis of the fair data of a solar energy power plant with SPSS." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 22 (May 23, 2006): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/22/3192.

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The use of fossil energy sources greatly damages the environment. Moreover, the quantity of these energy sources is limited. Therefore, it is important to increase the share of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, water and biomass) in energy generation.Huge amounts of energy (1100-1300 kWh/m2 per year) arrive at the earth from the sun, and are utilized in passive and active ways. One of the active applications is photovoltaic current production, in the course of which electricity is produced directly with PV – panels. This can be fed into a grid. At the University of Debrecen is a solar energy power plant from September 2005 in operation. The electricity performance of the incorporated PV-panels (Kyocera, Dunasolar, and Siemens) are 8.64 kW. The are of PV – panels is 110 square meter. With the aid of the data storage, the tension, current, temperature of the PV-panels, global radiation, air temperature, wind speed, wind direction and the achievement is measured by the ac network.The effect of the shading on the performance of the PV – panels and the solar energy power plant is examined. The analysis and the graphic representation of the experiment results are carried out with SPSS per grief. We produced per grief.

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D’Amico, Guglielmo, Fulvio Gismondi, and Filippo Petroni. "Insurance Contracts for Hedging Wind Power Uncertainty." Mathematics 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8081376.

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This paper presents an insurance contract that the supplier of wind power may subscribe to with an insurance company in order to immunize his/her revenue against the volatility of wind power and prices. Based on empirical evidence, we found that wind power and electricity prices are correlated. Then, we adopted a joint stochastic process to model both time series, which is based on indexed semi-Markov chains for the wind power generation process and on a general Markovian process for the electricity price process. Using a joint stochastic model allows the insurance company to compute the fair premium that the wind power producer has to pay in order to hedge the risk against inadequate revenues. Recursive type equations are obtained for the prospective mathematical reserves of the insurance contract. The model and the validity of the results are illustrated through a real data application.

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Ling, Sonja, and Andy Linehan. "Guidelines for Wind Power and Wildlife in Washington State, USA." Wind Engineering 27, no. 4 (August 2003): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952403322665253.

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The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) adopted wind power guidelines in 2002 to promote standardisation of the agency's responses to proposed wind energy projects in Washington State. While the purpose of the guidelines was to create consistency from the agency, some of the recommendations seemed overly stringent and unjustified to the wind industry. Recognising the implications of the guidelines on wind energy development in the State, the Renewable Northwest Project (RNP), along with industry members and their permitting consultants, successfully engaged the agency in a discussion to reach fair and consistent wind power guidelines. The account and methods of negotiation are detailed as an example for abating possible adverse avian and habitat environmental impact of wind farms. The three key areas of negotiation were: pre-permit environmental studies, wildlife and habitat mitigation, and an alternative fee-based mitigation option.

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Bianco, L., B. Tomassetti, E. Coppola, A. Fracassi, M. Verdecchia, and G. Visconti. "Thermally driven circulation in a region of complex topography: comparison of wind-profiling radar measurements and MM5 numerical predictions." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 6 (July 3, 2006): 1537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1537-2006.

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Abstract. The diurnal variation of regional wind patterns in the complex terrain of Central Italy was investigated for summer fair-weather conditions and winter time periods using a radar wind profiler. The profiler is located on a site where interaction between the complex topography and land-surface produces a variety of thermally and dynamically driven wind systems. The observational data set, collected for a period of one year, was used first to describe the diurnal evolution of thermal driven winds, second to validate the Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) that is a three-dimensional numerical model. This type of analysis was focused on the near-surface wind observation, since thermally driven winds occur in the lower atmosphere. According to the valley wind theory expectations, the site – located on the left sidewall of the valley (looking up valley) – experiences a clockwise turning with time. Same characteristics in the behavior were established in both the experimental and numerical results. Because the thermally driven flows can have some depth and may be influenced mainly by model errors, as a third step the analysis focuses on a subset of cases to explore four different MM5 Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) parameterizations. The reason is to test how the results are sensitive to the selected PBL parameterization, and to identify the better parameterization if it is possible. For this purpose we analysed the MM5 output for the whole PBL levels. The chosen PBL parameterizations are: 1) Gayno-Seaman; 2) Medium-Range Forecast; 3) Mellor-Yamada scheme as used in the ETA model; and 4) Blackadar.

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Kollias, Pavlos, and Bruce Albrecht. "Vertical Velocity Statistics in Fair-Weather Cumuli at the ARM TWP Nauru Climate Research Facility." Journal of Climate 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2010): 6590–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3449.1.

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Abstract Fair-weather cumuli are fundamental in regulating the vertical structure of water vapor and entropy in the lowest 2–3 km of the earth’s atmosphere over vast areas of the oceans. In this study, a long record of profiling cloud radar observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) at Nauru Island is used to investigate cloud vertical air motion statistics over an 8-yr observing period. Appropriate processing of the observed low radar reflectivities provides radar volume samples that contain only small cloud droplets; thus, the Doppler velocities are used as air motion tracers. The technique is applied to shallow boundary layer clouds (less than 1000 m thick) during the 1999–2007 period when radar data are available. Using the boundary layer winds from the soundings obtained at the Nauru ACRF, the fair-weather cumuli fields are classified in easterly and westerly boundary layer wind regimes. This distinction is necessary to separate marine-forced (westerlies) from land-forced (easterlies) shallow clouds because of a well-studied island effect at the Nauru ACRF. The two regimes exhibit large diurnal differences in cloud fraction and cloud dynamics as manifested by the analysis of the hourly averaged vertical air motion statistics. The fair-weather cumuli fields associated with easterlies exhibit a strong diurnal cycle in cloud fraction and updraft strength and fraction, indicating a strong influence of land-forced clouds. In contrast over the fair-weather cumuli with oceanic origin, land-forced clouds are characterized by uniform diurnal cloudiness and persistent updrafts at the cloud-base level. This study provides a unique observational dataset appropriate for testing fair-weather cumulus mass flux and turbulence parameterizations in numerical models.

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Sanjana, M. C., G. Latha, M. Ashokan, and R. R. Rao. "Diurnal Variability of Ambient Noise in Shallow Tropical Waters, South Western Bay of Bengal." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 14, no. 02 (May 4, 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477515500169.

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Ambient noise recorded at shallow southwestern Bay of Bengal during September 2010 has been analyzed for spectral characteristics in the band 0.1–5.0 kHz. The noise level (NL) exhibits diurnal periodicity in the band 0.5–2.0 kHz, during most of the day. The in situ wind data at the site correlates well with the NL, which also shows a diurnal cycle. Wavelet analysis further carried out establishes of the diurnal periodicity in wind/NL pattern during fair weather conditions under the influence of local wind effects. Wavelet coherence shows wind and noise to be in phase or wind leading noise. Diurnal variation in wind is more frequently observed along the coast in tropical regions due to differential heating of land and sea, and this has attributed to the NL pattern at the site. The period of measurement is also favorable for the formation of such localized circulation since it is the sunny unclouded period prior to the Bay of Bengal cyclone season and the northeast monsoon.

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Schroeder, Timothy. "An Unexpected Pleasure." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 32 (2006): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjp.2007.0040.

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As topics in the philosophy of emotion, pleasure and displeasure get less than their fair share of attention. On the one hand, there is the fact that pleasure and displeasure are given no role at all in many theories of the emotions, and secondary roles in many others. On the other, there is the centrality of pleasure and displeasure to being emotional. A woman who tears up because of a blustery wind, while an ill-advised burrito weighs heavily upon her digestive tract, feels an impressive number of the sensations felt by someone who is gut-wrenchingly sad. Yet, unless she feels bad, the way she feels is only a pale echo of the feeling of sadness. If she feels good in spite of the burrito and the wind, then she does not feel at all the way she would if she were sad. Likewise, a man falling asleep can hardly fail to feel his muscles relax, his heart rate fall, and so on, but unless he feels good his state is only a shadow of feeling content.

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Adeyeye, Kehinde A., Nelson Ijumba, and Jonathan S. Colton. "A Techno-Economic Model for Wind Energy Costs Analysis for Low Wind Speed Areas." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081463.

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The global population is moving away from fossil fuel technologies due to their many disadvantages, such as air pollution, greenhouse gases emission, global warming, acid rain, health problems, and high costs. These disadvantages make fossil fuels unsustainable. As a result, renewable energy is becoming more attractive due to its steadily decreasing costs. Harnessing renewable energy promises to meet the present energy demands of the African continent. The enormous renewable energy potential available across the African continent remains largely untapped, especially for wind energy. However, marginal and fair wind speeds and power densities characterize African wind energy resulting in low and unsustainable power in many areas. This research develops a techno-economic model for wind energy cost analysis for a novel, Ferris wheel-based wind turbine. The model is used to techno-economically analyze the siting of wind turbine sites in low wind speed areas on the African continent. The wind turbine’s technical performance is characterized by calculating the annual energy production and the capacity factor using the wind Weibull probability distribution of the cities and theoretical power curve of the wind turbine. Its economic performance is evaluated using annualized financial return on investment, simple payback period, and levelized cost of electricity. The techno-economic model is validated for 21 African cities and shows that the Ferris wheel-based design is very competitive with four current, commercial wind turbines, as well as with other sources of energy. Hence, the new wind turbine may help provide the economical, clean, renewable energy that Africa needs.

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Frank, Christopher W., Frank Kaspar, Jan D. Keller, Till Adams, Miriam Felkers, Bernd Fischer, Marcus Handte, et al. "FAIR: a project to realize a user-friendly exchange of open weather data." Advances in Science and Research 17 (September 18, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-183-2020.

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Abstract. Access to high quality weather and climate data is crucial for a wide range of societal and economic issues. It allows optimising industrial processes, supports the identification of potential risks related to climate change or allows the development of corresponding adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although such data is freely available through Germany’s national meteorological service DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) since 2017, the application potential in industry and society has certainly not yet been fully unlocked. Major obstacles are the complexity of the raw data, as well as missing tools for their simple integration into existing industrial applications. The goal of the research project FAIR is to simplify the information exchange between the DWD and economical players. In order to reach this goal a requirement analysis with end-users of weather data from three different sectors was conducted. A central requirement regarding the site assessment of wind plants is quick and easy access to historical wind-series at specific sites. Preferably downloadable in formats like CSV or via an API. Event planning partners are interested in a quick access to health relevant weather information at their event location, and the E-mobility sector in temperature data along planned routes. In this paper, we summarize the results of the requirement analysis and present the deduced technical architecture and FAIR services aiming at a user-friendly exchange of weather data.

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Wang, Y., K. Hutter, and E. Bäuerle. "Barotropic response in a lake to wind-forcing." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2001): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-367-2001.

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Abstract. We report results gained with a three-dimensional, semi-implicit, semi-spectral model of the shallow water equations on the rotating Earth that allowed one to compute the wind-induced motion in lakes. The barotropic response to unidirectional, uniform winds, Heaviside in time, is determined in a rectangular basin with constant depth, and in Lake Constance, for different values and vertical distributions of the vertical eddy viscosities. It is computationally demonstrated that both the transitory oscillating, as well as the steady state current distribution, depends strongly upon the absolute value and vertical shape of the vertical eddy viscosity. In particular, the excitation and attenuation in time of the inertial waves, the structure of the Ekman spiral, the thickness of the Ekman layer, and the exact distribution and magnitude of the upwelling and downwelling zones are all significantly affected by the eddy viscosities. Observations indicate that the eddy viscosities must be sufficiently small so that the oscillatory behaviour can be adequately modelled. Comparison of the measured current-time series at depth in one position of Lake Constance with those computed on the basis of the measured wind demonstrates fair agreement, including the rotation-induced inertial oscillation.Key words. Oceanography: general (limnology) – Oceanography: physical (Coriolis effects; general circulation)

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Jury, M. "CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION POTENTIAL ACROSS THE SW CAPE COAST." Clean Air Journal 7, no. 6 (December 3, 1988): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/1988/7/6.7210.

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Changes in the potential for dispersion of atmospheric pollutants across the SW Cape coast, to the northeast of Cape Town, are analysed using case studies of 10 m meteorological network and doppler acoustic sounder data. The analysis focuses on summer fair weather inversion conditions associated with coastal lows, and cases distinguish between SSE trade winds and weaker WSW seabreezes. The more common SSE wind regime was characteristed as a topographically channelled low level (300m) jet. The spatial distributions of air temperatures and horizontal wind deviations were closely related and across coast gradients in the first 10 km exceeded 50C and 150, respectively. The acceleration and deflection of SSE wind flow by nearby Table Mountain and a daytime land-sea temperature difference of over 2NC accounted for much of the spatial structure. Sounder transects made along a route 12 km inland over a two week period when seabreezes were prevalent indicated sharp variations in wind direction, speed, turbulence and air temperature in the 0—500 m layer. During lighter seabreeze wind conditions, a thermal internal (convective) boundary layer was well described by sounder transects. The TIBL depth was observed to grow at a rate of 1:20 in the first 5 km and 1:50 further inland. The meteorological gradients are discussed with regard to the potential for dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in the coastal zone and the ability of tower-mounted sensors to adequately parameterise such processes

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Ouyang, Ke Jian, Yi Long, and Bi Cao Peng. "Aerodynamic Forces of Stay Cables Incorporating in Flutier Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.894.

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With the length of stay cables close to 580m, only inclusion in aerodynamic forces of main deck cannot reflect the actual situation during wind-resistant design. The aerodynamic forces of stay cables should be considered in the three-dimensional flutter analysis of cable-stayed bridges. In this paper, mathematic expressions of unsteady aerodynamic force of stay cable were then derived in terms of aerodynamic damping and stiffness matrices. The above procedure is implemented into NACS by an independent module. As an example, the multimode flutter analysis of Sutong Bridge was conducted by using NACS. Fair agreement is achieved between the present numerical simulation and wind tunnel test results.

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Qiang, Zhang, Wei Zhou Wang, Fu Chao Liu, and Zheng Yuan Li. "Evolutionary Game Analysis on Stakeholders Cooperation of Wind Power Integration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2642.

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Large scale integration of renewable is still very challenging due to their intermittency and fluctuations. Aimed at this problem, this paper establishes an evolutionary game model to analysis the dynamic evolution of interests cooperation between the wind farms corporations and the power grid corporations. Then, this paper discusses the relation between multiple variables, such as price of the conventional energy power rate of the subsidy marginal cost of the initial invention and coefficient of distribution of excessive profit, and also analysis how these variables affect the Evolutionary results of this system, based on different replicator dynamics and evolutionary stable strategies. Being at the end, this paper has identified a fair and reasonable distribution coefficient of excessive profit. After equilibrium analysis, a win-win operating mechanism was established to guide the various stockholders to tend to co-operation correctly. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed for wind power integration.

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Takbash, Alicia, Ian R. Young, and Øyvind Breivik. "Global Wind Speed and Wave Height Extremes Derived from Long-Duration Satellite Records." Journal of Climate 32, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0520.1.

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Abstract The application of extreme-value analysis to long-duration (30 year) global altimeter and radiometer datasets is considered. In contrast to previous extreme-value analyses of satellite data, the dataset is sufficiently long to enable a peaks over threshold analysis to be undertaken. When applied to altimeter data for wind speed and significant wave height, this analysis produces values consistent with buoy validation data and previous numerical model reanalysis datasets. The spatial distributions produced are also consistent with the model reanalysis data. However, the altimeter data shows much greater finescale structure for wind speed, which is consistent with known tropical cyclone activity. The greater data density provided by radiometer measurements offers the potential to address altimeter undersampling. However, issues associated with the radiometer’s inability to measure wind speed in heavy rain events appears to create an unacceptable “fair weather” bias at extreme wind speeds. This renders the radiometer data of wind speed largely unusable for the investigation of wind speed extremes. The study also clearly demonstrates the limitations of the initial distribution method for extreme-value analysis, which is heavily biased by mean conditions.

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Bussell, Sue, and John Farrow. "Practitioner Review: Continuity and Change: The Fair Work Act in Aviation." Journal of Industrial Relations 53, no. 3 (June 2011): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185611401997.

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This article begins by discussing the specific industrial relations challenges of the highly competitive aviation industry. It then reflects on the outcome of the recent intense national debate over industrial relations, exploring the consequences of that debate for practice and policy, and discusses some key issues that remain in play. Although the Fair Work Act 2009 may have come about as a reaction to what many perceive as the ‘excesses’ of Work Choices, the new Act does not so much ‘wind back the clock’ as represent a significant new development in Australia’s long and unique industrial relations history. This article will discuss the impact of the changes, to date, made by the Fair Work Act on one organization, including the expansion of the ‘safety net’, and how the new compromise between the role of the ‘collective’ and the role of the ‘individual’ struck by the Act has the potential to fundamentally change the nature and structure of bargaining. We offer these comments as practitioners who have worked under successive industrial relations regimes since the early 1980s.

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LeMone, Margaret A., Mukul Tewari, Fei Chen, and Jimy Dudhia. "Objectively Determined Fair-Weather NBL Features in ARW-WRF and Their Comparison to CASES-97 Observations." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 2709–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00358.1.

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Abstract Heights of nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) features are determined using vertical profiles from the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF), and then compared to data for three moderately windy fair-weather nights during the April–May 1997 Kansas-based Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97) to evaluate the success of four PBL schemes in replicating observations. The schemes are Bougeault–LaCarrere (BouLac), Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (MYJ), quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE), and Yonsei University (YSU) versions 3.2 and 3.4.1. This study’s chosen objectively determined model NBL height h estimate uses a turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) threshold equal to 5% , where TKE′ is relative to its background (free atmosphere) value. The YSU- and MYJ-determined h could not be improved upon. Observed heights of the virtual temperature maximum hTvmax and wind speed maximum hSmax, and the heights h1wsonde and h2wsonde, between which the radiosonde slows from ~5 to ~3 m s−1 as it rises from turbulent to nonturbulent air, and thus brackets h, were used for comparison to model results. The observations revealed a general pattern: hTvmax increased through the night, and hTvmax and hSmax converged with time, and the two mostly lay between h1wsonde and h2wsonde after several hours. Clear failure to adhere to this pattern and large excursions from observations or other PBL schemes revealed excess mixing for BouLac and YSU version 3.2 (but not version 3.4.1) and excess thermal mixing for QNSE under windy conditions. Observed friction velocity was much smaller than model values, with differences consistent with the observations reflecting local skin drag and the model reflecting regional form drag + skin drag.

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Harris, Jerry. "Going Green to Stay in the Black: Transnational Capitalism and Renewable Energy." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 10, no. 1 (2011): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914911x555099.

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AbstractSustainable energy use is rapidly developing, often with state support and patriotic political rhetoric. But the solar and wind energy industries are highly transnationalized and already inserted into global patterns of accumulation. While possibly solving some of the most pressing problems between capitalism and environmental sustainability, green capitalism still fails to address the contradiction between labor and capital. Therefore, any progressive strategy for social transformation must link the fair treatment of nature and labor together.

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Turanov, Habibulla Turanovich, Andrey Aleksandrovich Gordiyenko, and Irina Sergeyevna Plakhotich. "Study of car movement on braking position of the hump yard under the impact of fair wind." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2016): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2016-2-29-40.

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Harris, Jerry. "Going green to stay in the black: transnational capitalism and renewable energy." Race & Class 52, no. 2 (October 2010): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396810377009.

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Sustainable energy use is rapidly developing, often accompanied by state support and patriotic political rhetoric. But the solar and wind energy industries are highly transnationalised and already inserted into global patterns of accumulation. This article argues that, while possibly resolving some of the most pressing conflicts between capitalism and environmental sustainability, green capitalism nevertheless fails to address the contradiction between labour and capital. Therefore, any progressive strategy for social transformation must link together the fair treatment of both nature and labour.

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Zhao, Jun, and Bo Shen. "The Strategies for Improving Energy Efficiency of Power System with Increasing Share of Wind Power in China." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122376.

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Coal-fired power generation will dominate the electricity supply in China in the foreseeable future. Coal fired power units can play a crucial role in integrating intermittent wind energy and improving the overall energy efficiency of the power system. The integration benefits of wind power, along with the gains of high load rates of coal fired units, should be fully taken into account. An optimal model combining wind power and coal fired units is built to analyze the operational flexibility of coal fired units and the integration of wind power. Taking the coal fired units in North China Power Grid as an example, the dispatch costs and benefits are examined under the energy efficiency dispatch mode, in comparison with those under the fair dispatch rules and the installed capacity. The results show that increasing the flexibility of the power system under the energy efficiency dispatch mode may be the best choice for the power system with the high share of coal fired units to integrate more wind power, and that the units delivering flexibility services are financially influenced. The results also indicate that a certain amount of wind power curtailment may be reasonable, and that rational penalty rate and fees for the curtailment of wind power may help to optimize the operation of the power system and integrate more wind power. Based on these results, policy and strategy recommendations are proposed to promote the flexibility of coal fired units and change their operation mode and their dispatch mode in the power system.

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Varentsov, Victor, and Michiharu Wada. "Computer experiments on ion beam cooling and guiding in fair-wind gas cell and extraction RF-funnel system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 532, no. 1-2 (October 2004): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.078.

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Croonenbroeck, Carsten, and David Hennecke. "Does the German renewable energy act provide a fair incentive system for onshore wind power? — A simulation analysis." Energy Policy 144 (September 2020): 111663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111663.

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41

Preisser, Alexandra M., Rosalie V. McDonough, and Volker Harth. "The physical performance of workers on offshore wind energy platforms: is pre-employment fitness testing necessary and fair?" International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 92, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1385-5.

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42

Kilibarda, Zoran, Erin Argyilan, and Joe Blockland. "Wind deposition of mud aggregates and their role in development of lamellae in the Fair Oaks Dunes, Indiana." CATENA 72, no. 2 (January 2008): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2007.05.006.

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43

Ramella Pralungo, L., and L. Haimberger. "A "Global Radiosonde and tracked-balloon Archive on Sixteen Pressure levels" (GRASP) going back to 1905 – Part 2: homogeneity adjustments for pilot balloon and radiosonde wind data." Earth System Science Data 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2014): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-297-2014.

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Abstract. This paper describes the comprehensive homogenization of the "Global Radiosonde and tracked balloon Archive on Sixteen Pressure levels" (GRASP) wind records. Many of those records suffer from artificial shifts that need to be detected and adjusted before they are suitable for climate studies. Time series of departures between observations and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration 20th-century (NOAA-20CR) surface pressure only reanalysis have been calculated offline by first interpolating the observations to pressure levels and standard synoptic times, if needed, and then interpolating the gridded NOAA-20CR standard pressure level data horizontally to the observation locations. These difference time series are quite sensitive to breaks in the observation time series and can be used for both automatic detection and adjustment of the breaks. Both wind speed and direction show a comparable number of breaks, roughly one break in three stations. More than a hundred artificial shifts in wind direction could be detected at several US stations in the period 1938/1955. From the 1960s onward the wind direction breaks are less frequent. Wind speed data are not affected as much by measurement biases, but one has to be aware of a large fair-weather sampling bias in early years, when high wind speeds were much less likely to be observed than after 1960, when radar tracking was already common practice. This bias has to be taken into account when calculating trends or monthly means from wind speed data. Trends of both wind speed and direction look spatially more homogeneous after adjustment. With the exception of a widespread wind direction bias found in the early US network, no signs of pervasive measurement biases could be found. The adjustments can likely improve observation usage when applied during data assimilation. Alternatively they can serve as a basis for validating variational wind bias adjustment schemes. Certainly, they are expected to improve estimates of global wind trends. All the homogeneity adjustments are available in the PANGAEA archive with associated doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.823617.

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44

Ramella Pralungo, L., and L. Haimberger. "A global radiosonde and tracked balloon archive on 16 pressure levels (GRASP) back to 1905 – Part 2: Homogeneity adjustments for PILOT and radiosonde wind data." Earth System Science Data Discussions 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2014): 335–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-7-335-2014.

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Abstract. This paper describes the comprehensive homogenization of the GRASP wind records. Many of those records suffer from artificial shifts that need to be detected and adjusted before they are suitable for climate studies. Time series of departures between observations and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration 20th century (NOAA-20CR) surface pressure only reanalysis have been calculated offline by first interpolating the observations to pressure levels and standard synoptic times, if needed, and then interpolating the gridded NOAA-20CR standard pressure level data horizontally to the observation locations. These difference time series are quite sensitive to breaks in the observation time series and can be used for both automatic detection and adjustment of the breaks. Both wind speed and direction show a comparable number of breaks, roughly one break in three stations. More than hundred artificial shifts in wind direction could be detected at several US stations in the period 1938/1955. From the 1960s onward the wind direction breaks are less frequent. Wind speed data are not so much affected by measurement biases but one has to be aware of a large fair weather sampling bias in early years when high wind speeds were much less likely to be observed than after 1960 when RADAR tracking was already common practice. It has to be taken into account when calculating trends or monthly means from wind speed data. Trends of both wind speed and direction look spatially more homogeneous after adjustment. With the exception of a widespread wind direction bias found in the early US network no signs of pervasive measurement biases could be found. The adjustments can likely improve observation usage when applied during data assimilation. Alternatively they can serve as basis for validating variational wind bias adjustment schemes. Certainly they are expected to improve estimates of global wind trends. All the homogeneity adjustments are available in the PANGAEA archive with the associated DOI doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.823617.

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Spengler, Thomas, Jan H. Schween, Markus Ablinger, Günther Zängl, and Joseph Egger. "Thermally Driven Flows at an Asymmetric Valley Exit: Observations and Model Studies at the Lech Valley Exit." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 3437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2779.1.

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Abstract The summertime thermal circulation in the region of an asymmetric valley exit is investigated by means of observations and high-resolution model simulations. The northeastward-oriented Alpine Lech Valley opening into the Bavarian Alpine foreland has an eastern slope exceeding the western slope by about 15 km. Northerly winds along the eastern slope are frequently observed, reaching substantial strength during fair weather conditions. A field experiment has been conducted to explore this phenomenon and to pinpoint the connection of the northeasterly flow to the Lech Valley wind circulation. Numerical simulations have also been carried out to support the interpretation of the observations. It is found that the northerlies owe their existence to the dominantly easterly flow along the foothills of the Alps, which is partly induced by the Alpine heat low but may be strengthened by favorable synoptic conditions. Examples for both situations will be discussed. The diurnal flow in the Lech Valley has little obvious impact on these northeasterlies. On days with moderate synoptic easterly flow, a wake is present on the lee of the eastern slope of the exit region, accompanied by a shear zone along the edge of the wake. This shear zone is forced southward during the daytime because of thermally initiated pressure gradients between the Alpine foreland and the Alps, leading to sudden wind changes in the exit area at the time of its passage.

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Schween, J. H., A. Hirsikko, U. Löhnert, and S. Crewell. "Mixing-layer height retrieval with ceilometer and Doppler lidar: from case studies to long-term assessment." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (November 8, 2014): 3685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3685-2014.

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Abstract. Aerosol signatures observed by ceilometers are frequently used to derive mixing-layer height (MLH) which is an essential variable for air quality modelling. However, Doppler wind lidar measurements of vertical velocity can provide a more direct estimation of MLH via simple thresholding. A case study reveals difficulties in the aerosol-based MLH retrieval during transition times when the mixing layer builds up in the morning and when turbulence decays in the afternoon. The difficulties can be explained by the fact that the aerosol distribution is related to the history of the mixing process and aerosol characteristics are modified by humidification. The results of the case study are generalized by evaluating one year of joint measurements by a Vaisala CT25K and a HALO Photonics Streamline wind lidar. On average the aerosol-based retrieval gives higher MLH than the wind lidar with an overestimation of MLH by about 300 m (600 m) in the morning (late afternoon). Also, the daily aerosol-based maximum MLH is larger and occurs later during the day and the average morning growth rates are smaller than those derived from the vertical wind. In fair weather conditions classified by less than 4 octa cloud cover the mean diurnal cycle of cloud base height corresponds well to the mixing-layer height showing potential for a simplified MLH estimation.

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Regmi, Ram P. "Diurnal Variation of Early Springtime Vertical Wind over the Tufan Dada Mountain Range of Far-Western Nepal." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v3i1.14441.

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Early springtime diurnal variation of vertical wind over the 60 km long Tufan Danda mountain range located in the Far-Western Nepal has been numerically simulated with the application of WRF modeling system. Temporal and spatial distribution of vertical wind over the mountain range has been discussed up to tropospheric height. The study reveals that strong vertical wind gradient prevails throughout the troposphere of the area. The mountain wave excitations from the western edge of the mountain range appear to be propagated beyond the eastern edge of the mountain range enhancing regular bands of up- and downdrafts. The up- and downdrafts may extend beyond the tropospheric height during the late afternoon time in fair weather situations. The speed of the up- and downdrafts over the Tufan Dada may reach more than 180 cm s-1 and 200 cm s-1, respectively. High speed and great vertical extension of vertical wind over the area can significantly contribute in coupling the upper and lower atmospheric air masses and hence exchange of constituents. Tufan Danda mountain range could be one of the suitable site to monitor exchange of upper and lower atmospheric constituents.Journal of Nepal Physical Society Vol.3(1) 2015: 41-49

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Al-Jiboori, Monim, Mahmoud Jawad Abu Al-Shaeer, and Ahemd S. Hassan. "Statistical Forecast of Daily Maximum Air Temperature in Arid Areas at Summertime." Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences 52, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2020.52.3.8.

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Based on historical observations of summers for the period from 2004 to 2018 with a focus on daily maximum and minimum air temperatures and wind speed recorded at 0600 GMT, a non-linear regression hypothesis is developed for forecasting daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) in arid areas such as Baghdad International airport station, which has a hot climate with no cloud cover or rain. Observations with dust storm events were excluded, thus this hypothesis could be used to predict daily Tmax on any day during summers characterized by fair weather. Using mean annual daily temperature range, daily minimum temperature, and the trend of maximum temperature with wind speed, Tmax was forecasted and then compared to those recorded by meteorological instruments. To improve the accuracy of the hypothesis, daily forecast errors, bias, and mean absolute error were analyzed to detect their characteristics through calculating relative frequencies of occurrence. At the end of this analysis, a value of (-0.45ºC) was added to the hypothesis as a bias term.

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Horvath, Isabelle R., and Siddharth G. Chatterjee. "A surface renewal model for unsteady-state mass transfer using the generalized Danckwerts age distribution function." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 172423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172423.

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The recently derived steady-state generalized Danckwerts age distribution is extended to unsteady-state conditions. For three different wind speeds used by researchers on air–water heat exchange on the Heidelberg Aeolotron, calculations reveal that the distribution has a sharp peak during the initial moments, but flattens out and acquires a bell-shaped character with process time, with the time taken to attain a steady-state profile being a strong and inverse function of wind speed. With increasing wind speed, the age distribution narrows significantly, its skewness decreases and its peak becomes larger. The mean eddy renewal time increases linearly with process time initially but approaches a final steady-state value asymptotically, which decreases dramatically with increased wind speed. Using the distribution to analyse the transient absorption of a gas into a large body of liquid, assuming negligible gas-side mass-transfer resistance, estimates are made of the gas-absorption and dissolved-gas transfer coefficients for oxygen absorption in water at 25°C for the three different wind speeds. Under unsteady-state conditions, these two coefficients show an inverse behaviour, indicating a heightened accumulation of dissolved gas in the surface elements, especially during the initial moments of absorption. However, the two mass-transfer coefficients start merging together as the steady state is approached. Theoretical predictions of the steady-state mass-transfer coefficient or transfer velocity are in fair agreement (average absolute error of prediction = 18.1%) with some experimental measurements of the same for the nitrous oxide–water system at 20°C that were made in the Heidelberg Aeolotron.

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Kreshock, Andrew R., Robert P. Thornburgh, and Hyeonsoo Yeo. "Comparison of Comprehensive Analyses Predicting Whirl Flutter Stability of the Wing and Rotor Aeroelastic Test System." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 64, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.64.042010.

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Whirl flutter stability is a critical limitation for tiltrotor aircraft. This paper investigates whirl flutter predictions for the Wing and Rotor Aeroelastic Test System (WRATS) using comprehensive analysis, focusing on the comparison of the whirl flutter stability predictions between Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Dynamics (CAMRAD) II and the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS). The analytical models were created using a modular approach to systematically validate the modeling process of the WRATS tiltrotor. Comparison of nonrotating frequencies for blade, flexbeam, flexbeam and cuff, and blade with flexbeam and cuff shows excellent agreement between CAMRAD II and RCAS. The assembled model is then used to predict the whirl flutter stability boundary for various configurations with varying levels of fidelity. Results show near exact agreement between the two analyses for a rigid rotor and linear aerodynamics, and good to fair agreement when an elastic rotor is used. Predicted wing beam mode frequencies and damping values are also compared against the wind tunnel test data, and the frequencies are shown to be reasonably well-predicted. However, damping values, and thus stability boundaries, are not accurately predicted.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fair wind'

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