Journal articles: 'Fairness. Justice'

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Knight, Jack. "JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS." Annual Review of Political Science 1, no. 1 (June 1998): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.425.

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NEAL, PATRICK. "Justice as Fairness." Political Theory 18, no. 1 (February 1990): 24–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591790018001003.

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Steinacker, Jürgen M. "Sportrecht – zwischen Gerechtigkeit und Fairness?" Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 2013, no. 05 (May 1, 2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2012.071.

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Jones, Ian, and Danny Ruts. "Equity, justice and fairness." Critical Public Health 6, no. 3 (July 1995): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581599508409055.

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SAVULESCU, J. "Justice, Fairness, and Enhancement." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1093, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1382.021.

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Ikkos, George. "Fairness, liberty and psychiatry." International Psychiatry 6, no. 2 (April 2009): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000045x.

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According to Beauchamp & Childress (2001) the fundamental principles of biomedical ethics include ‘justice'. But how do we approach ‘justice'? Justice may be thought of in relation to an individual or society. An individual may be just or unjust. Justice in society may be thought of as ‘retributive justice’ (fair punishment), ‘civil justice’ (fair recompense), ‘distributive justice’ (fair shares) or ‘social justice’ (a fair social contract for citizens of a society).

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Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa. "Finding Spaces for Fairness." Hawwa 9, no. 1-2 (2011): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x575514.

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AbstractExcavating Gender Justice: The Predicament and the Promise disentangles discourses and practices of asymmetrical power. It engages culture and politics by expounding the ways in which religion, modernity, tradition, jurisprudence, and citizenship have come to comprise constitutive elements of gender politics. When we speak of gender justice, we confront matters that lie at the heart of the knottiest philosophical, legal, and anthropological conundrums. These issues have prompted many to grapple with definitions and typologies derived from fields of inquiry as diverse as neoliberal economics, multiculturalism, constitutionalism, democratic political theory, and development. Excavating Gender Justice provides neither a typology nor a definitive definition of its subject. Others have assumed the task before. For example, Anne Marie Goetz (2007) explained the link between gender justice and debates on citizenship, entitlements, rights, and law and development by delineating three mutually inclusive perspectives: a) gender justice as entitlements and choice, the enabling paradigm; b) gender justice as absence of discrimination; and c) gender justice as positive rights.

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Ohbuchi, Ken-ichi, and Masahiro Tsujimoto. "Psychology of Justice and Fairness." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): SL—004—SL—004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_sl-004.

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HODGSON, LOUIS-PHILIPPE. "Justice as Luck Egalitarian Fairness?" Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review/Revue canadienne de philosophie 58, no. 4 (December 2019): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217319000052.

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In A Conceptual Investigation of Justice, Kyle Johannsen maintains that the strongest version of John Rawls’s theory of justice is one that incorporates the luck egalitarian conception of fairness developed by G.A. Cohen. He also contends that, once the theory is modified in this way, it becomes clear that the original position doesn’t yield principles of justice but rather what Cohen calls ‘rules of regulation.’ I argue that the minimal conception of fairness that Rawls favours is the right one for his purposes, and that bringing in luck egalitarian fairness would render the outcome of the original position indeterminate.

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Fabre, Cécile, and Cecile Fabre. "Justice, Fairness, and World Ownership." Law and Philosophy 21, no. 3 (May 2002): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3505205.

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Colquitt, Jason A., and Kate P. Zipay. "Justice, Fairness, and Employee Reactions." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 2, no. 1 (April 10, 2015): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111457.

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ARVAN, MARCUS. "Nonideal Justice as Nonideal Fairness." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 5, no. 2 (2019): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2018.50.

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AbstractThis article argues that diverse theorists have reasons to theorize about fairness in nonideal conditions, including theorists who reject fairness in ideal theory. It then develops a new all-purpose model of ‘nonideal fairness’. Section 1 argues that fairness is central to nonideal theory across diverse ideological and methodological frameworks. Section 2 then argues that ‘nonideal fairness’ is best modeled by a nonideal original position adaptable to different nonideal conditions and background normative frameworks (including anti-Rawlsian ones). Section 3 argues that the parties to the model have grounds to seek a variety of remedial social, legal, cultural, and economic ‘nonideal primary goods’ for combating injustice as well as grounds to distribute these goods in an equitable and inclusive manner. Finally, I illustrate how the model indexes the nonideal primary goods it justifies to different nonideal contexts and background normative frameworks, illustrating why diverse theorists should find the model and its output principles attractive.

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Gardner, John. "Legal justice and ludic fairness." Jurisprudence 11, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2020.1778286.

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Petrilli, Susan. "Justice, fairness and juridical perfectibility." International Journal of Legal Discourse 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2016-0011.

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AbstractAristotle had already underlined the importance of the relationship between justice and equity (a term I interpret as synonomous to fairness), which he analysed in great detail. Equity is the term which in the English translation of Aristotle’s works corresponds to

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Metz, Thaddeus, John Rawls, and Erin Kelly. "Justice as Fairness: A Restatement." Philosophical Review 111, no. 4 (October 2002): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556442.

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Metz, T. "Justice as Fairness: A Restatement." Philosophical Review 111, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-111-4-618.

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Lee, Min Kyung, Anuraag Jain, Hea Jin Cha, Shashank Ojha, and Daniel Kusbit. "Procedural Justice in Algorithmic Fairness." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (November 7, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3359284.

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Druckman, Daniel, and Lynn Wagner. "Justice and Fairness in Negotiation." Group Decision and Negotiation 26, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9496-4.

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Lujan, Maya J. W. M., and Amanda M. Fanniff. "Justice for All: Trauma and the Need for Safety and Fairness Within Juvenile Justice Facilities." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 1 (August 22, 2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818796060.

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Many adolescents in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to trauma, which has been linked with negative outcomes that may lead to ineffective adjustment while incarcerated. Trauma may decrease a youth’s feelings of fairness and safety, which may increase misconduct. The present study examined the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, perceptions of fairness and safety, and rates of institutional misconduct in a subsample of youth ( n = 386) who participated in the Pathways to Desistance study. A serial multiple mediation model found that PTSD symptoms were not significantly associated with perceptions of fairness, safety, or institutional misconduct. Relationships were found between perceptions of fairness and safety, and between perceptions of safety and institutional misconduct. Results also indicated differences in perceptions of fairness and safety based on gender, age, and ethnicity. Perceptions of fairness and safety may be an avenue for intervention to improve adjustment within the juvenile justice system.

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Dahanayake, Pradeepa, Diana Rajendran, Christopher Selvarajah, and Glenda Ballantyne. "Justice and fairness in the workplace: a trajectory for managing diversity." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 37, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 470–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2016-0105.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that diversity management (DM) interventions, underpinned by principles of justice and fairness, create a powerful force that drives sustainable outcomes. Further, the authors argue that justice and fairness should be embedded at the core of DM. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study methodology was used to ascertain how four organizations approached critical issues regarding diversity. Justice and fairness principles were used as a framework to evaluate each organization’s DM interventions. Different approaches adopted by the case study organizations were compared using a cross-case analysis. Findings Justice and fairness principles provide a useful framework to evaluate DM interventions. The findings show that justice and fairness principles have an effect across the continuum of DM, including identifying dimensions of diversity, executing DM programs and realizing outcomes of DM. Research limitations/implications The current study is limited to four case studies using qualitative methods. Practical implications The findings demonstrate the importance of integrating justice and fairness benchmarks when implementing DM programs. Originality/value The findings shed light on the link between DM and justice and fairness, an area lacking empirical studies. It also presents a new area for empirical enquiry—the application of social justice principles in evaluating organizational interventions in DM.

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Van Craen, Maarten, and Wesley G. Skogan. "Achieving Fairness in Policing." Police Quarterly 20, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116657818.

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Decades of research on public support for the police has documented the prominent role of procedural justice in shaping popular views of police legitimacy and the predisposition of citizens to comply and cooperate with them. However, much less attention has been given to the issue of how to get police officers to actually act in accord with its principles when they interact with the public. Reminders of the importance and the difficulty of fostering police legitimacy are not hard to come by, as witnessed in events in the United States during 2014 to 2015. This article addresses the hard, multifaceted issue of fostering procedural justice in the ranks. It theorizes and assesses the relationship between fair supervision and fair policing. The results of our study indicate that perceived internal procedural justice is directly related to support for external procedural justice (modeling thesis), and also indirectly, via trust in citizens.

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Morrow, Mary R. "Fairness and Justice in Leading-Following." Nursing Science Quarterly 25, no. 2 (March 25, 2012): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318412437965.

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Fairness and justice in living the art of leading-following are explored from the perspective of the humanbecoming school of thought. In particular, fairness and justice are considered in light of the ideas of fostering integrity, being just, and trusting the process.

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Kelly, Erin I. "Desert and Fairness in Criminal Justice." Philosophical Topics 40, no. 1 (2012): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics20124015.

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Kabadayi, Talip. "Fairness" is the Foundation of Justice." Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute 2013, no. 15 (2013): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/pausbed.2013.36036.

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Allan, T. R. S. "Justice and Fairness in Law's Empire." Cambridge Law Journal 52, no. 1 (March 1993): 64–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017244.

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Two important themes in Ronald Dworkin's work have contributed much to an understanding of Anglo-American law. He has insisted on the inter-connection between law and morality, emphasising the role of the judge's political morality in his judgments about the law. He has also argued that individual rights should be understood as anti-utilitarian or anti-majoritarian in character: they operate as constraints on majority decisions about the public interest or general welfare. In combination, these theories have provided an explanation of the legitimacy, in a democracy, of leaving undeniably “political” questions to unelected judges. Judges determine legal rights by applying (legal and political) principle. Matters of policy—understood as raising questions of the general welfare or the public interest— are primarily the concern of the other branches of government. Though policy questions are of concern to judges in the context of statutory construction, where the courts must decide what the legislature has in its wisdom enacted, it is their creative and evaluative role in respect of principle—concerning the moral and legal rights of individuals—which is the hallmark of adjudication, properly understood.1

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Naticchia, Chris. "Justice as Fairness: Epistemological not Political." Southern Journal of Philosophy 37, no. 4 (December 1999): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1999.tb00884.x.

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Cordelli, Chiara. "Justice as Fairness and Relational Resources." Journal of Political Philosophy 23, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12036.

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Trout, Lara M. "Can Justice as Fairness Accommodate Diversity?" Philosophy in the Contemporary World 1, no. 3 (1994): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw19941320.

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Costa, M. Victoria. "Justice as Fairness and Educational Policy." Social Theory and Practice 39, no. 2 (2013): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201339220.

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FUCHS, ALAN E. "FAIRNESS IN LIBERAL THEORIES OF JUSTICE." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6253.1997.tb00191.x.

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Kamooneh, Kaveh. "Justice as fairness or as equality?" Journal of Value Inquiry 21, no. 1 (1987): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00135530.

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Mandle, Jon. "The Reasonable in Justice as Fairness." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 29, no. 1 (March 1999): 75–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1999.10717506.

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The publication of Political Liberalismhas allowed John Rawls to bring to the fore issues that remained in the background of A Theory of Justice. His explicit attention to the concept of ‘the reasonable’ is a welcome development. In a more recent publication, he affirms the importance of this concept, ‘while [granting] that the idea of the reasonable needs a more thorough examination than Political Liberalism offers.’ In this paper, I will present a critical exposition of the senses of the reasonable on which justice as fairness relies. Rawls employs the term in four main contexts. I will outline these various senses and argue that in each case, a controversy in the secondary literature can be resolved by close attention to the concept of the reasonable. In three of these contexts, Rawls relies on what I will call a ‘strong’ sense of the reasonable, while in one he sometimes seems to rely on a ‘weak’ sense. I argue that justice as fairness is best served by relying on a strong sense throughout.

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Ten, C. L. "Review: Justice as Fairness: A Restatement." Mind 112, no. 447 (July 1, 2003): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/112.447.563.

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Scaltsas, Theodore. "XIII—Fairness in Socratic Justice—RepublicI." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 93, no. 1 (June 1, 1993): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/93.1.247.

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Neufeld, Blain. "Freedom, money and justice as fairness." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 16, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x16651058.

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The first principle of Rawls’s conception of justice secures a set of ‘basic liberties’ equally for all citizens within the constitutional structure of society. The ‘worth’ of citizens’ liberties, however, may vary depending upon their wealth. Against Rawls, Cohen contends that an absence of money often can directly constrain citizens’ freedom and not simply its worth. This is because money often can remove legally enforced constraints on what citizens can do. Cohen’s argument – if modified to apply to citizens’ ‘moral powers’ rather than ‘negative liberty’ – threatens a core feature of Rawls’s conception of justice, as it is unclear why the parties within the ‘original position’ would endorse the lexical priority of the first principle over the ‘difference principle’ (which concerns the distribution of wealth) if both principles similarly shape citizens’ freedom. I concede Cohen’s point regarding the relation between freedom and money but argue that it is not fatal to Rawls’s conception of justice if the ‘basic needs principle’ is understood to enjoy lexical priority over the first principle and is modified to include a right to adequate discretionary time. Nonetheless, Cohen’s argument helpfully highlights the infelicitous nature of Rawls’s terminology with respect to liberty: the basic needs principle, the first principle and the difference principle all should be understood as shaping citizens’ freedom to exercise their moral powers.

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van der Veen, Robert. "Justice as fairness and bad luck." Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 22, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2018.1438784.

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Fuchs, Alan E. "Fairness in Liberal Theories of Justice." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 24, no. 4 (February 10, 1997): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-02404004.

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Boyadjieva, Pepka, and Petya Ilieva-Trichkova. "Between Inclusion and Fairness." Adult Education Quarterly 67, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713616685398.

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The article claims that equity is an indispensable dimension of the widening of access to adult education. Building on the understanding of social justice in adult education as a complex phenomenon, two indicators are developed: an index of inclusion and an index of fairness in participation in adult education. The article analyses social justice separately in formal and nonformal education for two social groups—people with low and high education. Using data from the Adult Education Survey from 2007 and 2011 for 25 countries, it is shown that in most of the countries, there are signs of improvement in the fairness aspect of social justice as a result of a decrease in the overrepresentation of people with high education and in the underrepresentation of people with low education. However, the inclusion of people with low education in adult education remains considerable lower in comparison with the inclusion of people with high education.

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Edor, Edor J. "John Rawls’s Concept of Justice as Fairness." PINISI Discretion Review 4, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v4i1.16387.

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John Rawls's theory of Justice is one of the most influential conceptions of justice. Scholars have continued to study it to understand the principles in the formation and to further frame it in the context of contemporary situations. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion by presenting Rawls’ concept of “justice as fairness” as it evolved from the traditional conception of justice to the modern-shift in the concept. The paper also examines Rawls’s concept of justice as fairness, and it focuses on analyzing or studying the concept of justice as fairness in terms of the principles used in its formulations. Several criticisms developed by political philosophers to critique the idea were examined. In conclusion, it was argued that Rawls's invention of the veil-of-ignorance for the original position has affected the theory negatively.

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Samsuri, Muhammad Taadi, Khudzaifah Dimyati, and A. Absori. "JUSTICE-BASED HEALTH LAW: STUDY OF PROFESSION EQUALITY-BASED JUSTICE ON SOCIAL JUSTICE." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 18, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2018.18.2.1082.

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The realization of the right to health can be achieved through several different approaches, for example; the establishment of health policies or the implementation of programs established by World Health Organization (WHO), or the adoption of legal instruments. This research is a doctrinal normative law research, that is by reviewing and analyzing library materials or secondary data that examines the values of justice through statutory approach. As a complement, this research also uses case approach, through field study. The discussion uses John Rawls's justice concept with fairness justice to analyze the findings of both research related to the findings of legislation and field findings, with the conclusion that justice based health law based on profession equality based on social justice is realized with health law that reflects the values of justice, the right of professional equality as well as the value of social justice with the concept of justice as a fairness as a capable concept to adapt, so it needs an adaptive health law approach.Keywords: Health Law, Profession Equality, Social Justice

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Lane, Robert E. "Market Justice, Political Justice." American Political Science Review 80, no. 2 (June 1986): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1958264.

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The defense of capitalism in America is rooted in a preference for the market's justice of earned deserts over the justices of equality and need associated with the polity. These preferences have structural roots in the way governments and markets serve different values and purposes, satisfy wants, focus on fairness or justice, enlist causal attributions, distribute or redistribute income, are limited by rights, and seem to offer either harmony or conflict of interest. Some of these “structural” differences, however, are themselves perceptual, and corrected by changed perceptions of the productivity of government and of our historic predecessors, and by a community point of view involving changed accounting systems, as well as by policies of full employment rather than guaranteed incomes. With few institutional changes, these altered perceptions may partially restore political justice to favor.

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Guoqing, Zhang. "How to Justify Principles of Justice." Yearbook for Eastern and Western Philosophy 2019, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yewph-2020-0014.

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AbstractJohn Rawls assumes that in the original position, under the veil of ignorance, after bargaining amongst each other, free, equal, moral and rational persons would make a rational decision to accept the principles of justice as fairness and thus the principles are established. Critics, however, question the authenticity and validity of this justification strategy. When rational individuals take the principles of justice as an original agreement, it is not a real contract. Rawls’s conception of justice as fairness is just a personal notion, some individuals may accept it, but it is impossible to be accepted by all human beings in a real world. Therefore there is a justification/acceptance paradox of those principles which are the core of his political philosophy. So how should we justify those principles? Its answers may be provided not in the light of a philosophical justification but of a scientific one.

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Laundon, Melinda, Abby Cathcart, and Paula McDonald. "Just benefits? Employee benefits and organisational justice." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 708–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-11-2017-0285.

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Purpose Employee reward is central to contemporary debates about work and employment relations; and in the context of ongoing wage stagnation, benefits represent a growing proportion of total reward value. Past studies have shown that when employees perceive benefits as unfair, this has a negative impact on engagement, performance and retention. Yet no previous studies have explored the components of a benefits system that influence employees’ fairness concerns. Using organisational justice as a theoretical lens, the purpose of this paper is to examine how dimensions of an employee benefits system influence the fairness perceptions of employees. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports on a qualitative, inductive case study of the benefits system in a large finance and insurance company, drawing on three data sources: interviews with the company’s benefits managers, organisational documents and open-text responses from a benefits survey. Findings Three dimensions of the benefits system strongly influenced fairness perceptions – constraints on accessing and utilising benefits; prosocial perceptions about the fairness of benefits to third parties; and the transparency of employee benefits. Practical implications The study informs organisations and benefits managers about the important role of supervisors in perceived benefits usability, and how benefits may be managed and communicated to enhance employee fairness perceptions. Originality/value This study makes a conceptual contribution to the benefits literature through a detailed exploration of the type of organisational justice judgements that employees make about benefits; and identifying for the first time prosocial fairness concerns about the impact of benefits on third parties.

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Haar, Jarrod, Chester S. Spell, and Michael P. O'Driscoll. "Organisational Justice and Work-Family Policies." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 16 (2005): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000055.

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AbstractBased in a local government organisation in New Zealand, this paper links the literature on work-family balance to the literature on organisational justice, by examining the predictors of perceived fairness in work-family polices. The study also expands an earlier study in Grover (1991), by considering work-family policy sets, rather than single policies only. Perceptions of the fairness in work-family policies were partly predicted, positively, by a combination of management seniority, perceived benefits in work-family policies, and own usage of those policies. These findings suggest the influence of both group values and self-interest. In terms of organisational justice, the findings raise a question for future research, namely how fairness attitudes relate to the sustainability of work-family initiatives.

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Liebe, Ulf, and Geesche M. Dobers. "Measurement of Fairness Perceptions in Energy Transition Research: A Factorial Survey Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 8084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198084.

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Justice and fairness are increasingly popular concepts in energy research and comprise several justice dimensions, including distributive and procedural justice, related to energy production and consumption. In this paper, we used factorial survey experiments—a method employed in sociological justice research—for energy transition research. In a factorial survey, respondents evaluated one or more situations described by several attributes, which varied in their levels. The experimental setup of factorial surveys is one of its advantages over simple survey items, as based on this, the relative importance of each attribute for justice evaluations can be determined. We employed the method in a study on the perceived fairness of renewable energy expansion projects related to wind energy, solar energy, and biomass in Germany, and considered aspects of procedural and distributive justice. We show that the effects of these justice dimensions can be separated and the heterogeneity in justice evaluations can be explained. Compared to previous studies applying factorial survey experiments to explain the acceptance of renewable energy projects, we employed the method to directly measure justice concerns and asked respondents to evaluate the vignettes in terms of perceived fairness. This is important because acceptance and fairness as well as inequality and injustice are different phenomena.

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Binmore, Ken. "Justice as a Natural Phenomenon." Analyse & Kritik 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2006-0101.

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AbstractThis paper summarizes a theory of fairness that replaces the metaphysical foundations of the egalitarian theory of John Rawls and the utilitarian theory of John Harsanyi with evolutionary arguments. As such, it represents an attempt to realize John Mackie’s call for a theory based on the data provided by anthroplogists and the propositions proved by game theorists. The basic claim is that fairness norms evolved as a device for selecting one of the infinity of efficient equilibria of the repeated game of life played by our prehuman ancestors.

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Mohammad, Jihad, Farzana Quoquab, Fazli Idris, Mohammad Al Jabari, and Raed Wishah. "The mediating role of overall fairness perception: a structural equation modelling assessment." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 614–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2017-0243.

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PurposeMost of the past studies related to organisational justice focussed on different types of justice, such as procedural justice, distributive justice and interactional justice either separately or collectively. Still, further investigation on the overall concept of fairness is required to extend theoretical generalisability. Moreover, researchers argued that overall fairness rather than a specific type represents more concrete situation about employees’ perception of fairness within an organisation. Considering this, the purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of overall fairness perception (OFP) in relation to workplace outcome as well as its predictive ability on employees’ attitude and behaviour in term of psychological ownership and citizenship behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of financial institutions in Malaysia, which yielded 150 completed usable responses. Smart PLS (version 3) software and SPSS were utilised in order to analyse the data.FindingsThe results revealed that overall fairness plays a crucial role as a mediator as well as a predictor. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.Practical implicationsThis study provides useful insights for the mangers of financial institutions. It also suggests strategies about how to manage justice and workplace outcomes at workplace.Originality/valueThis paper is among the pioneers to address the mediating role of OFP in relations to workplace attitude and behaviour in non-western context.

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Hjorthen, Fredrik D. "Humanitarian Intervention and Burden-Sharing Justice." Political Studies 68, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 936–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719882607.

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This article examines the case for distributive fairness among states in the context of humanitarian intervention. I start by arguing that distributive fairness among interveners is important for both intrinsic and instrumental reasons. I then discuss the worry that due to the nature of humanitarian intervention, fair burden sharing is difficult to achieve without compromising the operational effectiveness of interventions. I examine three responses that while they reduce the severity of this objection do not fully override it. Finally, in light of the objection I explore options for practical changes and institutional reform that could contribute to reconciling fair burden sharing with effective intervention. I conclude that fairness and effectiveness can be reconciled in the longer term by fully institutionalising humanitarian intervention and in the short term by distinguishing between the duty to undertake intervention and the duty to pay for it.

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Akoh, Ajogwu, and Edwinah Amah. "Procedural Justice and Employees’ Commitment to Supervisor in Nigerian Health Sector." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2, no. 12 (2014): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.212.1003.

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In this research, we investigated the relationship between procedural justice and employees’ commitment to supervisor in Rivers State of Nigeria. A survey questionnaire was sent out to a sample size of 103 employees, resulting in 99 responses out of which 13 copies of the questionnaire were not statistically usable. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. This study found a significantly positive relationship between procedural justice and employees’ commitment to supervisor. We found that employees tend to easily identify with supervisors that implement fair procedures than those that do not and employees do study or evaluate their organizations’ justice climate to identify procedural injustice by comparing policies of different organizations. We concluded that fairness of procedures could reinforce a healthy justice climate and employees’ commitment to supervisor in turn. The justices of outcome and interaction depend mainly on the justice of procedures, as unjust procedures may not turn out a just outcome. We, therefore, recommended that organizations should commission enquiries into the justice climate of the industries they operate, ascertain the best practice, beat such a practice or at least align procedures, policies and programmes with the principles of fairness.

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Avraham, Ronen, and Issa Kohler-Hausmann. "ACCIDENT LAW FOR EGALITARIANS." Legal Theory 12, no. 3 (September 2006): 181–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325206060071.

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This paper questions the fairness of our current tort-law regime and the philosophical underpinnings advanced in its defense, a theory known as corrective justice. Fairness requires that the moral equality and responsibility of persons be respected in social interactions and institutions. The concept of luck has been used by many egalitarians as a way of giving content to fairness by differentiating between those benefits and burdens that result from informed choice and those that result from fate or fortune. We argue that the theory of corrective justice, along with its institutional embodiment of tort law, is at odds with an egalitarian commitment to fairness because it allows luck an unjustifiable role in determining dissimilar liability for similar wrongs and dissimilar compensation for similar losses to bodily integrity. Many egalitarian political theorists have also recognized, if not defended, the notion of distinct forms of justice, namely corrective, retributive, and distributive. Although theorists of these different forms of justice have been concerned with negating unfair luck inside the operations of each form of justice, there has been little attention to the way in which luck operates to sort cases into each form of justice. We claim that there is a significant way in which luck operates to subject different people to principles of corrective, retributive, and distributive justice—thereby assessing dissimilar liability for similar wrongs and disparate compensation for similar losses—which flies in the face of the egalitarian value of fairness. After surveying the arguments put forward by theorists defending a categorical distinction between corrective justice and retributive and distributive principles, we argue that although analytical distinctions can be made between different forms of justice (although, we also suggest that the distinctions are not as sharp as some commentators suggest), there is no good reason to defend an acoustic separation between these forms of justice when doing so creates unfair outcomes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fairness. Justice'

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