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Journal articles on the topic 'Falcons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Wink, Michael. "Phylogeny of Falconidae and phylogeography of Peregrine Falcons." Ornis Hungarica 26, no. 2 (2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2018-0013.

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Abstract We first examine how falcons can be integrated into avian tree of life. Then we go one step further and investigate the position of Peregrine Falcons in a comprehensive phylogeny of the falcons (genus Falco), which was reconstructed on the basis of DNA sequences. Whether the 19 subspecies of the Peregrine Falcon can be identified genetically is examined in the next step. Recently, the question of Peregrine Falcon’s genetics in Central Europe has become of wider interest. Which subspecies was present before the collapse of populations and which currently after various reintroduction pr

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2

Melchor Fenollosa, Roser. "Hopera de citraria de falcone pellegrine et gentile d’Alfonso Caracciolo." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 17 (May 31, 2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.17.20917.

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Resum: Editem un tractat de falconeria escrit en italià de Calàbria amb alguns trets catalans i amb vincles amb el grup d’obres de la biblioteca napolitana dels reis d’Aragó. El còdex factici de la Reial Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, amb signatura C-IV-6, conté set documents, un dels quals és l’Hopera de citraria de falcone pellegrine et gentile escrita per Alfonso Caracciolo, que ocupa una extensió de més de 40 fulls. Aquest text segueix la tradició dels tractat medievals i segurament està escrit a finals del segle XV. L’objectiu de l’autor és ensenyar bàsicament a

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3

JAVED, SÁLIM, DAVID C. DOUGLAS, SHAHID KHAN, JUNID NAZEER SHAH, and ABDULLAH ALI AL HAMMADI. "First description of autumn migration of Sooty Falcon Falco concolor from the United Arab Emirates to Madagascar using satellite telemetry." Bird Conservation International 22, no. 1 (2011): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000189.

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SummaryThe movement and migration pattern of the ‘Near Threatened’ Sooty Falcon Falco concolor is poorly known. Sooty Falcons breed on the islands of the Arabian Gulf after arriving from their non-breeding areas that are mainly in Madagascar. In the first satellite tracking of the species we fitted a 9.5 g Argos solar powered transmitter on an adult breeding Sooty Falcon off the western coast of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The bird successfully undertook autumn migration to Madagascar, a known wintering area for the species. We document the Sooty Falcon’s autumn migration route and

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4

Schrenzel, Mark, Eric Snook, and Pascal Gagneux. "Molecular Assays for Detection of Falcon Adenovirus." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 5 (2007): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900504.

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Falcon adenovirus is a newly recognized member of the family Aviadenoviridae and includes 2 closely related strains that are pathogenic to several species of falcons. Peregrine falcons appear to be one of the primary reservoirs, but recent outbreaks suggest that other carrier species probably exist. To allow screening of captive birds for virus shedding and investigations of disease outbreaks, conventional and realtime, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and an in situ hybridization technique were developed. The diagnostic protocols were used on tissue and fecal samples from 7

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5

Vrettos, Michelle, Chevonne Reynolds, and Arjun Amar. "Malar stripe size and prominence in peregrine falcons vary positively with solar radiation: support for the solar glare hypothesis." Biology Letters 17, no. 6 (2021): 20210116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0116.

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Many falcons ( Falco spp.) exhibit a distinct dark plumage patch below the eye, termed the malar stripe. This stripe is hypothesized to reduce the amount of solar glare reflected into the eyes while foraging, thereby increasing hunting efficiency in bright conditions. Here, we use a novel, global-scale correlative approach to test this ‘solar glare hypothesis' in peregrine falcons ( Falco peregrinus ), the most widespread falcon species, using web-sourced photographs from across the species' global range. We found that the size and prominence of the malar stripe were positively associated with

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6

Petrov, R., Y. Andonova, D. Yarkov, and A. Dicheva. "Diets for captive breeding and hacking of saker falcons (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria." Agricultural Science and Technology 14, no. 4 (2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.04.045.

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Abstract. With saker falcon populations on the mend globally, and in Bulgaria, special caution is taken to ensure the best possible care of the birds in their breeding programmes. Diets play a particularly important role as they affect the health of not only the breeding pairs, but also the young birds. With the ultimate goal for the captive-bred sakers being to reestablish viable saker falcon populations, releasing healthy falcons is paramount. As part of the ongoing saker falcon reintroduction efforts in Bulgaria, special emphasis was placed on well-rounded diets carefully tailored to the sp

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7

Zhatkanbaev, A. Zh, S. S. Shmygalev, N. M. Dosov, A. A. Grachev, and E. S. Musyrpanov. "About the Saker Falcon Situation in the Southern Balkhash Region in the South-East of Kazakhstan." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-459-462.

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The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) has been a breeding and wintering species in the southern shore of Lake Balkhash region for the last two decades. There is a publication describing the first known case of the Saker Falcon nesting there in 2013 and the wintering of a pair in the transition landscape of wetland to desert biome landscape of this geographical area (Zhatkanbaev, 2014). By the end of 2017, the nesting population of the species numbered at least 20 pairs. Saker Falcons nested both in the Ile River and Karatal River floodplain areas, and their nests were located directly in the desert

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8

Muller, Margit Gabriele, Ancy Rajeev George, and Julia Walochnik. "Acinetobacter baumanniiin Localised Cutaneous Mycobacteriosis in Falcons." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/321797.

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Between May 2007 and April 2009, 29 falcons with identically localized, yellowish discolored cutaneous lesions in the thigh and lateral body wall region were presented at Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital. Out of 18 falcons integrated in this study, 16 tested positive toMycobacterium. aviumcomplex. The 2 negative falcons tested positive in theMycobacteriumgenus PCR. Moreover, 1 falcon tested positive toM. avium. paratuberculosisin tissue samples by PCR. In all cases, blood and fecal samples tested negative. In the acid-fast stain, all samples showed the for mycobacteriosis typical rods. Moreover, in 1

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9

Tucker, VA. "Gliding flight: speed and acceleration of ideal falcons during diving and pull out." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 3 (1998): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.3.403.

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Some falcons, such as peregrines (Falco peregrinus), attack their prey in the air at the end of high-speed dives and are thought to be the fastest of animals. Estimates of their top speed in a dive range up to 157 m s-1, although speeds this high have never been accurately measured. This study investigates the aerodynamic and gravitational forces on 'ideal falcons' and uses a mathematical model to calculate speed and acceleration during diving. Ideal falcons have body masses of 0.5-2.0 kg and morphological and aerodynamic properties based on those measured for real falcons. The top speeds reac

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10

Horikoshi, Chifuyu, Phil F. Battley, and Edward O. Minot. "Annual survival estimates and risk of fluoroacetate (1080) secondary poisoning for New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) in a managed exotic forest." Wildlife Research 45, no. 2 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17144.

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Context The risk of secondary poisoning to native fauna during pest control operations is an issue of global concern. In New Zealand, non-target impacts during sodium fluoroacetate (1080) operations are particularly contentious. 1080 is used extensively for pest control for conservation, bovine tuberculosis control, and in plantation forestry for seedling protection from herbivores. The endemic New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) breeds in Kaingaroa forest, an intensively managed pine plantation where regular 1080 poison operations are conducted; however, causes of mortality and risks o

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11

Joseph, Sunitha, Rebecca O’Connor, Abdullah Al Mutery, Mick Watson, Denis Larkin, and Darren Griffin. "Chromosome Level Genome Assembly and Comparative Genomics between Three Falcon Species Reveals an Unusual Pattern of Genome Organisation." Diversity 10, no. 4 (2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040113.

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Whole genome assemblies are crucial for understanding a wide range of aspects of falcon biology, including morphology, ecology, and physiology, and are thus essential for their care and conservation. A key aspect of the genome of any species is its karyotype, which can then be linked to the whole genome sequence to generate a so-called chromosome-level assembly. Chromosome-level assemblies are essential for marker assisted selection and genotype-phenotype correlations in breeding regimes, as well as determining patterns of gross genomic evolution. To date, only two falcon species have been seq

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12

Ongarbaev, N. Kh. "Current Problems of Saker Falcon Conservation in The Republic of Kazakhstan." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-469-474.

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The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) was once a common falcon in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries. Today the Saker Falcon is included in the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan and has the status of “EN (Endangered)“ on the IUCN Red List. According to literature sources, the total population of the species in Kazakhstan as of 1990 was about of 4808–5628 breeding pairs, herewith the Saker Falcon population was estimated at 1882–2179 as of 2010 (Karyakin et al., 2015). It should be noted that since 2000, the Government of Kazakhstan officially established quotas for limited capture of Saker Falcons from

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13

Tucker, VA, TJ Cade, and AE Tucker. "Diving speeds and angles of a gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 13 (1998): 2061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.13.2061.

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An optical tracking device recorded the three-dimensional paths of 11 dives by a 1.02 kg gyrfalcon, trained to dive to a falconer. The dives started at altitudes up to 500 m above the ground and were inclined at angles of 17-62 degrees from the horizontal. The falcon controlled its speed during the dives, rather than simply falling from the sky, and the dives had three phases. During the first (acceleration) phase, the falcon accelerated to speed limits between 52 and 58 m s-1 in the seven fastest dives, evidently with minimum drag, because its accelerations were close to those predicted from

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14

Gschweng, Marion, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, Ulrich Querner, Wolfgang Fiedler, and Peter Berthold. "All across Africa: highly individual migration routes of Eleonora's falcon." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1653 (2008): 2887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0575.

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Eleonora's falcon ( Falco eleonorae ) is a rare raptor species that delays its breeding period until late summer to feed its young with passerines at the peak of autumn migration. Since the 1950s, this slender winged falcon has been believed to migrate along a historical route via the Red Sea to its main wintering area in Madagascar. In our study, we used satellite telemetry to investigate the real migration route of Eleonora's falcons and found that the species displayed a highly individual migration pattern. Furthermore, juvenile falcons migrated via West Africa to Madagascar and two juvenil

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15

Franke, Alastair. "Population Estimates for Northern Juvenile Peregrine Falcons With Implications for Harvest Levels in North America." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (2016): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/062015-jfwm-050.

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AbstractI used a Lincoln–Petersen model to estimate the population size of northern-reared hatch-year (the cohort of individuals known to have hatched during the calendar year in which they were banded) peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) based on mark and recapture data from northern North America (including Greenland) from 1970 through 2010. This analysis supported a previous finding that migratory populations in western and eastern North America tend to remain separate, and are best analyzed as two distinct populations. The annualized Lincoln–Petersen estimate for the western population wa

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16

Holland, John, Ed Minot, Naomi McBride, Jeraldine Teng, and Burgess Langshaw Power. "Developing a broadcast system to attract New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae)." Notornis 61, no. 2 (2014): 61. https://doi.org/10.63172/893803udfwrh.

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It is difficult to locate and monitor populations of the New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) because the terrain they occupy is frequently inhospitable and the traditional method of walking transects lines to locate nest sites is arduous and time consuming. For this reason we developed and trialled a low-priced broadcasting system that amplifies pre-recorded vocalisations to attract falcons, which we then used to locate their nest sites. We tested the system on 20 falcons in the Kaingaroa and Pan Pac forests on the North Island. Both sexes responded but males responded more frequently.

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17

BEDNARZ, J. C. "Return of the Falcons: Peregrine Falcon Populations." Science 244, no. 4901 (1989): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4901.233.

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18

Quinn, J. L., and Y. Kokorev. "Direct and Indirect Estimates of Peregrine Falcon Population Size in Northern Eurasia." Auk 117, no. 2 (2000): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.2.455.

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Abstract We used two different methods to estimate the density of nesting Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) across different parts of northern Eurasia. In the “territory-density” method, we extrapolated our density estimate of 406 km2 per territory (95% CI = 295 to 650 km2 per territory) in a high-density area, the Pyasina basin on the Taymyr Peninsula, to other similar areas across the range defined by published estimates. To estimate numbers in low-density areas, we used published data that suggested that Peregrine Falcon territories occur every 1,000 km2. Based on the nesting association

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19

DIXON, ANDREW, XINHAI LI, MD LUTFOR RAHMAN, NYAMBAYAR BATBAYAR, and XIANGJIANG ZHAN. "Characteristics of home range areas used by Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) wintering on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 4 (2016): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000319.

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SummaryBetween 1998 and 2011 we monitored the winter ranging behaviour of eight female Saker Falcons Falco cherrug fitted with satellite-received transmitters. Our tracking revealed that the winter home range area occupied by individual Saker Falcons varied greatly (median = 166 km2, range = 5-18,469 km2). A random forest model showed that Saker Falcons wintering on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau preferentially occupied areas with rich grassland (cover > 50%) on high altitude plateaus (4,000–5,000 m asl) with low levels of anthropogenic influence. Plant biomass in rich grasslands can support h

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20

Momunaliev, K. "Hadad Ppproject: Migratory Falcons Reintroduction in the Kyrgyz Republic." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-475-476.

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The Hadad international project in Kyrgyzstan is implementing in accordance with the program of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia dedicated to 'brighter future for the environmental efforts and conservation projects'. This project is pursuing balanced and smooth reintroduction process of migratory falcons in order to restore sustainable biodiversity in Central Asian region. Through the joint efforts of the two teams, we established a base for transporting of 115 falcons from Saudi Arabia to the Kyrgyz Republic. Upon arrival, the birds are going to be released into the wild under a specially develope

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21

Barea, Laurence P., Joseph R. Waas, and Keith Thompson. "Nest site characteristics of New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) in a forested habitat." Notornis 44, no. 4 (1997): 213. https://doi.org/10.63172/659137bjgfdn.

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Six nest sites of New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) breeding in a mixed podocarp hardwood forest are described. All nest scrapes were located in Collospermum hastatum epiphytes on emergent. Nest height was about twice the height of the surrounding canopy. All but one nest trees were alive and appeared to be in good health. The large diameter (mean at breast height: 105 cm) and the height of nest trees (mean 36 m) indicated that falcons selected older trees in the forest. Nests tended to be located mid- slope or towards a gully and of northerly aspect. Management of New Zealand falcon

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22

Petrov, Rusko, Dobri Yarkov, and Nayden Chakarov. "Genetic analysis of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) subspecies." Biodiversity Data Journal 12 (February 16, 2024): e116889. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e116889.

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Two subspecies of Saker Falcon are commonly accepted - Western (<i>Falco cherrug cherrug</i>) and Eastern (<i>Falco cherrug milvipes</i>), which are differentiated by their distribution range and phenotype. In Bulgaria, Western Saker Falcons are breeding <i>ex situ</i> in the Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Centre, part of Green Balkans - Stara Zagora NGO, with the aim of restoring the nesting population of the species in the country and both Western and Eastern - in the Breeding Centre for Birds of Prey in Burgas for the purpose of sale for the needs of falconry in the country and abroad

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23

Hadi, Afkar M., Hind D. Hadi, Suhad Y. Jassim, and Noor H. Yousif. "THE FALCONS (FALCONIFORMES, FALCONIDAE) VOUCHER COLLECTION IN THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER AND MUSEUM (INHM)." Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 16, no. 3 (2021): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.3.0253.

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A total of 45 voucher specimens of falcons which are deposited in the bird's collection of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum (INHM) were reviewed. Mummified falcons were preserved as voucher study specimens and tagged with museum collection labels. In the current study, morphometrics of six species of the genus Falco Linnaeus, 1758: Lanner falcon F. biarmicus Temminck, 1825; Sacker Falcon F. cherrug Gray, 1834; Lesser Kestrel F. naumanni Fleischer, 1818; Peregrine Falcon F. peregrines Tunstall, 1771; Eurasian Hobby F. subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 and Common Kestrel F. tinnunculus

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24

KASSARA, CHRISTINA, JAKOB FRIC, and SPYROS SFENTHOURAKIS. "Distribution modelling of Eleonora’s Falcon Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839 occurrence in its wintering grounds: a niche-based approach with satellite telemetry data." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 1 (2013): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000361.

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SummaryEleonora’s Falcon is a long-distance migrant of the Palearctic region. In recent years, the advent of satellite telemetry has enabled a more detailed investigation of the species’s migratory and wintering periods. In this study, we model the distribution pattern of four Eleonora’s Falcons originating from Greece within their wintering grounds in Madagascar with the use of satellite telemetry data and a niche-based technique, Maxent. The model predicted few highly suitable areas for the occurrence of the species, restricted to elevated areas receiving large amounts of precipitation durin

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25

Arkumarev, Volen, Ivaylo Klisurov, Dimitar Demerdzhiev, et al. "Recent breeding records of Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria." Ornis Hungarica 33, no. 1 (2025): 188–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2025-0011.

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Abstract The population of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria suffered dramatic decline during the 20th century due to habitat destruction, nest robbery, illegal killing, poisoning, electrocution and other threats. The last well documented successful breeding of the species dates back to 1997. In 2011 a reintroduction program with captive-bred Saker Falcons was launched in Bulgaria to recover the species. Here, we present recent breeding records of Saker Falcons in three breeding territories in south Bulgaria. For the period 2017–2023, we recorded 7 breeding attempts in which 15 nestling

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26

Pappalardo, Lucia, Christu-Das Silvanose, Hugues Beaufrère, Ambilli Binoy, and Panagiotis Azmanis. "Reference intervals for Cu, Mg, and Zn in captive gyrfalcons and other falcon species in the United Arab Emirates." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 4 (2021): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211015655.

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Falconry is a long-standing tradition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and in 2016, falconry was included by UNESCO in the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity. The health and wellness of falconry raptors is a priority for the local culture; plasma chemistry analysis plays an important role in monitoring, assessing, and managing diseases in avian patients. Imbalances of Cu, Mg, and Zn have been linked to several diseases in avian species; therefore, determining the reference intervals (RIs) of these minerals has important implications in the clinical management of falcons. We det

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27

MaMing, R. "What happens to Saker Falcon in Chinese Altai?" Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-463-464.

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In China, the protection level of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) has been upgraded from National Level II to National Level I in 2021. Why is this happening? We know there are some reasons for this. Firstly, there has been excessive capture over the past thirty years, including legal or illegal activities focusing on domestic and foreign markets, of course, most of which have been negotiated between governments. The most symbolic event was Qatar's support of 100 million Yuan to establish a Saker Falcon Breeding Center of Altay in 2014. Soon, the relevant departments issued orders and target task

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Vukasinovic, Vladan, Sladjana Mijatovic, and Sonja Kocic. "Falcons' patriotism: 'One state, one nation, falconry'." Fizicka kultura 68, no. 2 (2014): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fizkul1402163v.

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Pomichal, Krisztián, Balázs Vági, and Tibor Csörgő. "A Case Study on the Phylogeny and Conservation of Saker Falcon." Ornis Hungarica 22, no. 1 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2014-0007.

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Abstract The Saker Falcon is a falconid raptor species with Palearctic distribution. It has never been a common bird in Hungary, now there are cc. 220-230 nesting pairs within the country borders. Currently total world population is cc. 19 000-34 000 individuals. Its taxonomic status is complicated. Two subspecies are distinguished (Falco c. cherrug and Falco c. milvipes); however, molecular data does not support this split. Phylogeny of the species is also not clarified, similarly to closely related raptors. There are many factors threatening the population of the Saker. One of these factors

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Dekker, Dick, and Mark C. Drever. "Kleptoparasitism by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) as a factor in reducing Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) predation on Dunlin (Calidris alpina) wintering in British Columbia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 2 (2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1696.

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Kleptoparasitism, or food piracy, is common in a wide range of taxa, particularly among predators, with the larger species forcing smaller species to surrender their catch. The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is known to rob Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) of just-caught prey. We present time series of kleptoparasitic interactions between eagles and peregrines hunting Dunlin (Calidris alpina) that were wintering at Boundary Bay in the Fraser River valley, British Columbia. In 1108 hours of observation during January, intermittently between 1994 and 2014, we recorded 667 sightings of

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Macías-Duarte, Alberto, Angel B. Montoya, W. Grainger Hunt, Alberto Lafón-Terrazas, and Robert Tafanelli. "Reproduction, Prey, and Habitat of the Aplomado Falcon (Falco Femoralis) in Desert Grasslands of Chihuahua, Mexico." Auk 121, no. 4 (2004): 1081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1081.

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Abstract A breeding population of Aplomado Falcons (Falco femoralis) remains in the desert grasslands of Chihuahua, Mexico, despite their extirpation in the nearby southwestern United States. We monitored falcon reproduction at 35 territories during 1996-2002, a period of severe drought in the region. To test the influence of prey abundance and vegetation on falcon reproduction, we surveyed avian prey abundance through plot counts in 1998-2002 and characterized vegetation at each plot. Aplomado Falcon productivity declined from 1.57 fledglings per occupied territory in 1997 to 0.63 in 2002 at

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32

Thomas, Bindi, Edward O. Minot, and John D. Holland. "Home Range and Habitat Use of the New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) within a Plantation Forest: A Satellite Tracking Study." International Journal of Ecology 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/829702.

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We tracked two adult and three juvenile New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) in Kaingaroa Forest pine plantation from 2002 to 2008 using Argos satellite technology. The home ranges for both adults and juveniles varied, ranging between 44 and 587 km2. The falcons occasionally utilised areas outside the forest and used stands of all ages within the forest, generally in proportion to their availability. For the most part, the juveniles remained within ca. 8 km of their nests and dispersed at 58, 69, and 68 days after fledging. Falcon movement information was obtained from an average of fou

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Boev N., Zlatozar. "Quaternary Records of Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae) and Falcons (Falconiformes: Falconidae) in Bulgaria." Acta zoologica bulgarica 76, no. 4 (2024): 561. https://doi.org/10.71424/azb76.4.002818.

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In the Quaternary of Bulgaria, 15 species of accipitrid eagles and falcons have been found at a total of 40 localities. They make up 83.3 % of the composition of the modern fauna of the two groups in the country. Three species (two species of eagles and one falcon) are extinct (fossil), meaning that one fifth of their Quaternary fauna is gone today. The most widespread in the past were the golden eagle and the common kestrel. The most diverse species composition (6 species) was found in the Neolithic-Chalcolithic site near Durankulak (Bulgarian Black Sea coast). In Bulgaria, accipitrid eagles

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Steenhof, Karen, Mark R. Fuller, Michael N. Kochert, and Kirk K. Bates. "Long-Range Movements and Breeding Dispersal of Prairie Falcons From Southwest Idaho." Condor 107, no. 3 (2005): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.3.481.

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Abstract From 1999–2003, we tracked movements of adult female Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) using satellite telemetry to characterize long-range movement patterns and breeding dispersal. We radio marked 40 falcons from April–May on their nesting grounds in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwest Idaho. All falcons with functioning transmitters left the Snake River Canyon from late June through mid-July. Most headed northeast across the Continental Divide to summering areas in Montana, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the Dakotas. Prairie Falcons stayed at their nort

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Petrov, Rusko, Thierry Hoareau, Loic Lesobre, Yana Andonova, Dobry Yarkov, and Nayden Chakarov. "Genetic diversity and relatedness amongst captive saker falcons (Falco cherrug) in the Green Balkans' Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Centre in Bulgaria." Biodiversity Data Journal 11 (July 13, 2023): e105863. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e105863.

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The globally endangered saker falcon (<i>Falco cherrug</i>) is currently being re-introduced in Bulgaria, where the falcons are bred in captivity and released through the hacking method. We relied on the birds' pedigree when forming the breeding pairs from 2011. In 2021-2022, we had the opportunity to evaluate our captive population via DNA tests. We performed the first genetic assessment of the sakers in the WRBC through a genome evaluation of the most important founders (n = 12) and, in 2022, we executed a microsatellite analysis on 30 saker falcons from the programme. We compared the result

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Petrov, Rusko. "Captive breeding of Falco sp. (Lesser Kestrel, Common Kestrel, Red-footed Falcon) with permanent disabilities in Bulgaria." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (April 8, 2025): e148111. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e148111.

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Captive breeding of different species of birds offers conservationists a viable option when it comes to boosting wild populations of rare endangered species. Including non-releasable animals with permanent injuries can increase the breeding flock and breeding output. In addition, it provides an opportunity for birds that cannot be released to be included in conservation activities by rearing offspring for release in the wild. Between 2013 and 2024, in Bulgaria in the Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Centre, part of Green Balkans - Stara Zagora NGO, individuals from three species of small f

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Schoenjahn, Jonny, Chris R. Pavey, and Gimme H. Walter. "Has the Australian Endemic Grey Falcon the Most Extreme Dietary Specialization among all Falco Species?" Animals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121582.

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A clear understanding of a species’ diet is crucial in understanding its spatio-temporal dynamics, and is, therefore, pertinent to conservation considerations. The diet of the Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos), a rare and threatened predator endemic to the Australian arid and semi-arid zone, is subject to diverging assertions; therefore, we studied its diet through direct observation of food ingestion during more than 17 years of fieldwork across the species’ distribution. We found that Grey Falcons of all ages fed almost exclusively on a single type of food, namely, birds, and non-avian food ite

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Ahmad, Anique R., Samuel Ridgeway, Ahmed A. Shibl, Youssef Idaghdour, and Aashish R. Jha. "Falcon gut microbiota is shaped by diet and enriched in Salmonella." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0293895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293895.

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The gut microbiome is increasingly being appreciated as a master regulator of animal health. However, avian gut microbiome studies commonly focus on birds of economic importance and the gut microbiomes of raptors remain underexplored. Here we examine the gut microbiota of 29 captive falcons—raptors of historic importance—in the context of avian evolution by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results reveal that evolutionary histories and diet are significantly associated with avian gut microbiota in general, whereas diet plays a major role in shaping the falcon gut microbiota.

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Dean, Jason, Kenneth S. Latimer, J. Lindsay Oaks, Mark Schrenzel, Patrick T. Redig, and Arno Wünschmann. "Falcon Adenovirus Infection in Breeding Taita Falcons (Falco Fasciinucha)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 18, no. 3 (2006): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800310.

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Tarello, Walter. "Etiologic Agents and Diseases Found Associated with Clinical Aspergillosis in Falcons." International Journal of Microbiology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/176963.

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The aim of this study was to describe parasitological, microbiological, and pathological findings associated with the isolation ofAspergillusspecies in 94 clinically diseased captive falcons from Dubai. Concomitant agents and/or diseases were identified in 64 cases, causing either single () or multiple coinfections (). Diagnoses found more often in association with aspergillosis were chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS) (),Caryosporasp. (),Serratospiculum seuratiinfestation (), cestodiasis (), bumblefoot (), trematodosis due toStrigea falconispalumbi(), trichomoniasis (),Bab

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Karyakin, I. V., E. G. Nikolenko, and E. P. Shnayder. "Current status of the Saker Falcon in Russia and Kazakhstan." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-450-458.

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The range and abundance of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Russia and Kazakhstan are systematically declining. It is no exaggeration to say that the Saker Falcon is by far the most endangered raptor species in the Palaearctic. A compilation of literature data shows the species’ estimated abundance in 1970s Russia was at least 9,000–10,000 pairs (Galushin, 2004; Karyakin, 2008), while it appears over 15,000 pairs nested in Kazakhstan – in the 1990s their abundance there was estimated at 5,218 (4,808–5,628) pairs. In 2003, total abundance in Russia (without Crimea) was estimated at 2,520 (2,115–

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Watts, Bryan D., and Barry R. Truitt. "Influence of introduced peregrine falcons on the distribution of red knots within a spring staging site." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0244459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244459.

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Predator recovery driven by single-species management approaches may lead to conservation conflicts between recovered predators and prey species of conservation concern. As part of an aggressive recovery plan, the Eastern Peregrine Falcon Recovery Team released (1975–1985) 307 captive-reared peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) and successfully established a breeding population within the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, a physiographic region with no historic breeding population and a critical spring staging area for migratory shorebirds. We examined the influence of resident falcons on the distri

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Hedenstrom, A., M. Rosen, S. Akesson, and F. Spina. "Flight performance during hunting excursions in Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 15 (1999): 2029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.15.2029.

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Among birds, falcons are high-performance flyers, in many cases adapted for aerial hunting and hence suitable targets for investigating limits to flight performance. Using an optical range finder, we measured flight tracks of Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae), a species breeding in the Mediterranean region and specialised for hunting autumn passage bird migrants, when commuting between their nesting colony and offshore hunting areas (straight transportation flight) and when searching for prey (transecting and searching flight). Airspeed during searching flight was significantly slower than d

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Freeman, M. "Peregrine Falcons." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 17, no. 2 (2010): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isq012.

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Dyson, Virginia. "Peregrine Falcons." Ballarat Naturalist (1996:May) (May 1996): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.384352.

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Miskelly, Colin M., Louise McLaughlin, and Andre de Graaf. "New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) hunting petrels at night and underground during the day." Notornis 69, no. 1 (2022): 37. https://doi.org/10.63172/839518dbpssa.

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New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) routinely feed on burrow-nesting seabirds (petrels: Procellariiformes) at several sites. As petrels are rarely present on the colony surface during daylight, and falcons are considered to be diurnal hunters, there has been much speculation about how falcons are able to capture petrels. We present evidence that New Zealand falcons are able to hunt petrels in forest at night, and also enter burrows during the day to extract chicks. These are novel hunting behaviours for falcons, and further increase the broad range of hunting strategies documented for

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Chavko, Jozef, Ján Obuch, Ján Lipták, Roman Slobodník, and Michal Baláž. "Changes in nesting habitat of the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) influenced its diet composition and potentially threatened its population in Slovakia in the years 1976–2016." Raptor Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/srj-2019-0009.

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Abstract In the period between the years 1976 to 2016 we monitored the nesting site distribution of two populations of saker falcon (Falco cherrug) concentrated in the highlands and adjacent lowlands of western and eastern Slovakia. In western Slovakia we recorded nesting by 56 pairs and 514 nestings, and in eastern Slovakia we observed nesting by 32 pairs and 245 nestings. There were similar nesting success rates in both regions, with pairs producing on average 3.2 young in every successful nest. During the monitored period as a whole a total of 1,788 young saker falcons were raised. At the s

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Van Wettere, Arnaud J., Jaqueline P. Kurz, Amanda Wilhelm, and Jay Dee Ipsen. "Opisthotonos and unilateral internal hydrocephalus associated with aberrant migration of Serratospiculum sp. or Serratospiculoides sp. in a prairie falcon." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, no. 5 (2018): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718777284.

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A juvenile, wild-caught prairie falcon ( Falco mexicanus) kept for falconry was presented to a veterinary hospital for intermittent opisthotonos and torticollis. Clinical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry panel, and fecal analysis were unremarkable. Clinical signs did not resolve, and the bird was euthanized 6 mo after the appearance of clinical signs. Autopsy revealed a mild, unilateral hydrocephalus and nematodes within the thoracic air sac. Histopathology demonstrated mild, unilateral hydrocephalus; scattered glial nodules; meningeal nematode sections; and meningeal and

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Boev, Zlatozar. "New fossil record of the Late Pliocene kestrel (Falco bakalovi Boev, 1999) from the type locality in Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 40, no. 1-3 (2011): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.40.1-3.13.

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Twenty six new bone finds of 4 individuals (2 adult and 2 juvenile) have been described and referred to the Late Pliocene kestrel Falco bakalovi Boev, 1999. They came from the species type locality near the town of Varshets (northwest Bulgaria) and demonstrate specific distinguishing from all known falcons of the “tinnunculus” group. They enrich the bone morphology of that falcon covering a large variety of 16 different skeletal elements.

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Caliendo, Valentina, Beatriz Bellido Martin, Ron A. M. Fouchier, et al. "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Contributes to the Population Decline of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in The Netherlands." Viruses 17, no. 1 (2024): 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010024.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epizootics have caused repeated mass mortality events among wild birds. The effect of the infection is potentially detrimental for a variety of bird species, including the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). The numbers of wintering and breeding Peregrine Falcons in the Netherlands have recently declined. We investigated the changes in population trends in relation to HPAI H5 virus outbreaks. For this purpose, we analyzed variations in annual numbers of wintering and breeding birds, the virology of reported dead birds, and the presence of the HPAI H5 v

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