Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fallacies (Logic)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Fallacies (Logic)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fallacies (Logic)"

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Kannisto, Toni. "Transcendental Paralogisms as Formal Fallacies - Kant’s Refutation of Pure Rational Psychology." Kant-Studien 109, no. 2 (June 7, 2018): 195–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2018-2002.

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Abstract: According to Kant, the arguments of rational psychology are formal fallacies that he calls transcendental paralogisms. It remains heavily debated whether there actually is any formal error in the inferences Kant presents: according to Grier and Allison, they are deductively invalid syllogisms, whereas Bennett, Ameriks, and Van Cleve deny that they are formal fallacies. I advance an interpretation that reconciles these extremes: transcendental paralogisms are sound in general logic but constitute formal fallacies in transcendental logic. By formalising the paralogistic inference, I will pinpoint the error as an illegitimate existential presupposition. Since - unlike transcendental logic - general logic abstracts from all objects, this error can only be detected in transcendental logic.
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Sowa, John F. "Fads and Fallacies about Logic." IEEE Intelligent Systems 22, no. 2 (March 2007): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mis.2007.29.

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Athanassopoulos, Evangelos, and Michael Gr Voskoglou. "Quantifying Aristotle’s Fallacies." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091399.

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Fallacies are logically false statements which are often considered to be true. In the “Sophistical Refutations”, the last of his six works on Logic, Aristotle identified the first thirteen of today’s many known fallacies and divided them into linguistic and non-linguistic ones. A serious problem with fallacies is that, due to their bivalent texture, they can under certain conditions disorient the nonexpert. It is, therefore, very useful to quantify each fallacy by determining the “gravity” of its consequences. This is the target of the present work, where for historical and practical reasons—the fallacies are too many to deal with all of them—our attention is restricted to Aristotle’s fallacies only. However, the tools (Probability, Statistics and Fuzzy Logic) and the methods that we use for quantifying Aristotle’s fallacies could be also used for quantifying any other fallacy, which gives the required generality to our study.
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Hitchcock, David. "Fallacies and formal logic in Aristotle." History and Philosophy of Logic 21, no. 3 (September 2000): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144534001022004.

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Johnson, Ralph. "The Coherence of Hamblin’s Fallacies." Informal Logic 31, no. 4 (November 29, 2011): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v31i4.3345.

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Hamblin’s Fallacies remains one of the crucial documents in the development of informal logic and argumentation theory. His critique of traditional approaches to the fallacies (what he dubbed ‘The Standard Treatment’) helped to revitalize the study of fallacies. Recently I had occasion to reread Fallacies and came to the conclusion that some of my earlier criticisms (1989, 1990) had missed the real force of what was going on there, that I and others have perhaps not fully appreciated what Hamblin is up to. In this paper, I plan to revisit Fallacies and make manifest its coherence.
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Rosen, Frederick. "The Philosophy of Error and Liberty of Thought: J.S. Mill on Logical Fallacies." Informal Logic 26, no. 2 (February 28, 2008): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v26i2.440.

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Most recent discussions of John Stuart Mill’s System of Logic (1843) neglect the fifth book concerned with logical fallacies. Mill not only follows the revival of interest in the traditional Aristotelian doctrine of fallacies in Richard Whately and Augustus De Morgan, but he also develops new categories and an original analysis which enhance the study of fallacies within the context of what he calls ‘the philosophy of error’. After an exploration of this approach, the essay relates the philosophy of error to the discussion of truth and error in chapter two of On Liberty (1859) concerned with freedom of thought and discussion. Drawing on Socratic and Baconian perspectives, Mill defends both the traditional study of logic against Jevons, Boole, De Morgan, and others, as well as the study of fallacies as the key to maintaining truth and its dissemination in numerous fields, such as science, morality, politics, and religion. In Mill’s view the study of fallacies also liberates ordinary people to explore the truth and falsity of ideas and, as such, to participate in society and politics and develop themselves as progressive beings.
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Khdairi, Iman M. "The Logic Game, Fallacy in Selected Poems by John Donne." Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v5n1y2021.pp32-34.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze three seduction poems by John Donne regarding his use of fallacy as a technique for seduction. These poems are “The Flea”, “Confined Love” and “To His Mistress Going to Bed”. Donne tries to manipulate reasoning in the arguments with the women in those poems cleverly through false beliefs i.e., fallacies, to convince them of the legitimacy and sanctity of sexual intercourse, whether it is premarital or adultery. He deploys strong fallacious arguments with the women, who are presented as cautious or dismissive, in all three poems to achieve his aim of convincing those women to voluntarily agree to his sexual desire.
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Gee, John. "Egyptologists’ Fallacies: Fallacies Arising from Limited Evidence." Journal of Egyptian History 3, no. 1 (2010): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416610x487269.

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AbstractIt has been noted that Egyptologists tend to neglect methodology and consequently we are sometimes guilty of logical fallacies in our work. A subset of those fallacies that we tend toward are those fallacies in logic that result from our evidence being limited or inadequate. Those logical fallacies examined here are the fallacy of negative proof, the elimination of evidence, the fallacy of the lonely fact, and canonized guesswork. The fallacy of negative proof arises when we assume that absence of evidence is evidence of absence. When evidence contrary to our theories based on the fallacy of negative proof appears there is a tendency to explain it away or dismiss it. The fallacy of the lonely fact results when we generalize from a single case. There is also a tendency in the discipline to treat the guesses of others as facts even when correcting evidence appears.
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Mahmood, Khawla Shukur, and Sundus Muhsin Ali. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Fallacies in English Religious Argumentative Discourse." Al-Adab Journal 3, no. 141 (June 15, 2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i141.3730.

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Fallacies are common errors in an argument and they undermine the logic of that argument. They obstruct the process of argumentation since they do not contribute to the resolution in difference in opinion. The current study investigates fallacies in four religious argumentative debates between Muslims and atheists. It adopts Toulmin et al (1984) as a model for analysis. Results show that both debating parties, Muslims and atheists commit fallacies but the latter exceeds the former quantitatively and qualitatively. The most common fallacies in Muslims’ arguments are straw man argument, poisoning the well and attacking the person whereas the straw man argument, argument from ignorance, hasty generalization and appeal to compassion are the most committed ones by atheists.
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Novaes, Catarina Dutilh. "Theory of Supposition vs. Theory of Fallacies in Ockham." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217812.

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AbstractI propose to examine the issue of whether the ancient tradition in logic continued to be developed in the later medieval period from the vantage point of the relations between two specific groups of theories, namely the medieval theories of supposition and the (originally) ancient theories of fallacies. More specifically, I examine whether supposition theories absorbed and replaced theories of fallacies, or whether the latter continued to exist, with respect to one particular author, William of Ockham. I compare different parts of Ockham's Summa Logicae, namely III-4 (on fallacies), and the final chapters of part I and first chapters of part II (on supposition). I conclude that there is overlap of conceptual apparatus and of goals (concerning propositions that must be distinguished) in Ockham's theories of supposition and of fallacies, but that the respective conceptual apparatuses also present substantial dissimilarities. Hence, theories of supposition are better seen as an addition to the general logical framework that medieval authors had inherited from ancient times, rather than the replacement of an ancient tradition by a medieval one. Indeed, supposition theories and fallacy theories had different tasks to fulfil, and in this sense both had their place in fourteenth century logic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fallacies (Logic)"

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Tarnoff, Jay. "An Investigation of the Role of Confirmation Bias in the Evaluation of Informal Reasoning Fallacies." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/93269.

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School Psychology
Ph.D.
A total of 168 undergraduate students at Temple University provided a measure of their prior beliefs and measures of attitude strength on three topics and then attempted to identify and explain informal reasoning fallacies based on the same topics. Contrary to the hypothesized predictions, prior beliefs and measures of attitude strength did not have a significant effect on participants' ability to accept informal reasoning fallacies consistent with their beliefs based on that topic, although agreement with the topic demonstrated modest effects. Furthermore, this research demonstrated that participants have significant difficulty identifying and explaining informal logical fallacies. Ability to identify and explain one informal fallacy is not a significant predictor of the ability to identify and explain other fallacies. Also, ability to identify and explain one fallacy in a topic is a poor predictor of the ability to identify and explain that fallacy in another topic. This research indicates that formal fallacy syllogism scores were the best predictor of the ability to identify and explain informal logical fallacies, and that agreement with the topic and willingness to act on those beliefs demonstrated modest effects. Consistent with studies on dual-processing theory, in informal logic the individual is forced to examine the information presented in the statement and the structure of the statement and then relate it to their prior opinions and attitudes about the topic, and therefore, the acceptance of the fallacy is a matter of motivated reasoning bias or self-deception instead of an error in analytical reasoning. Informal reasoning fallacies represented an error in judgment, or a misunderstanding of the validity of an argument. Practical implications for school psychologists, limitations of this research, and directions for future research were discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Freese, Erica. "Die argumentum ad hominem as drogredenasie en as korrekte argument." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9949.

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Ansah, Richard. "A critical study of informal fallacies in some socio-political discourse in Ghana." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27014.

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The research undertakes a critical study of informal fallacies in some socio-political and religious discourses in Ghana. It clearly and aptly demonstrates that the aforementioned discourses are mostly, if not, always laced with fallacies which obscure and distort clear and critical thinking. The study shows that language, which is the fundamental means by which to engage in socio-political discourse, can be viewed as a complicated tool which is open to misuse and abuse. It shows that language used in socio-political discourses is more often than not utilized poorly, and as such assertions and appeals can be confused with factual/logical inaccuracies. Statements can be formulated in ways that make their content dangerously vague, ambiguous or generally misleading. The research shows that although fallacies can be committed intentionally or unintentionally, in discourses in general, they are mostly, if not always, committed intentionally in socio-political discourse so as to achieve political gains and agenda. Another area of discourse that is tackled in this work where fallacies frequently occur is the religious sector. The study notes that matters of religion are mostly matters that are delicate to handle as these matters are mostly, again if not always, based on faith. It is shown herein that many a time, religious personalities use fallacious as means to drive their religious agenda across. The research then looks at what these aforementioned fallacies imply in relation to socio-political and religious discourses. It proceeds to discuss the positive implications of fallacies before it progresses to the negative implications of same. It then asks how a fallacy will be beneficial to a person and or how it will disadvantage the same person. If fallacies often occur in socio-political and religious discourses, then one must have the ability to detect these fallacies and try to avoid them. The work discusses how to detect fallacies and how to avoid them. It makes bold claims that if one has knowledge about fallacies then one will be able to avoid them.
Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
Ph. D. (Philosophy)
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Shim, So Young 1970. "Critical thinking on a logical fallacy." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3054.

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Ad hominem argument is an argument that attacks the defender of a claim rather than the claim in dispute. The purpose of my dissertation is to answer the question of whether ad hominem argument is fallacious. I search for the answer by exploring several areas of philosophy and discussing ad hominem argument from historical, logical, epistemological, and linguistic perspectives. I reach the following conclusions: First, since the conclusion of an ad hominem argument does not appear explicitly in actual argumentation, how to formulate the conclusion plays a crucial role in judging the legitimacy of ad hominem argument; Second, there is no type of logical fallacy unified under the name of “ad hominem” because, at least, some instances of so-called ad hominem fallacy are epistemically justifiable arguments; Third, since an ad hominem argument is used to refute a person’s testimony by attacking his trustworthiness, an ad hominem argument playing a role of undercutting defeater of a speaker’s testimony is legitimate from the perspective of epistemology of testimony; Fourth, since ad hominem argument can be treated as a speech act of argumentation, an ad hominem argument that satisfies the felicity conditions for argumentation is legitimate from the perspective of speech act theory and an ad hominem argument can be legitimately used to reveal the infelicity of the opponent’s argument.
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Books on the topic "Fallacies (Logic)"

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Hamblin, C. L. Fallacies. Newport News, Va: Vale Press, 1993.

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Hamblin, C. L. Fallacies. Newport News, Va: Vale Press, 2004.

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Walton, Douglas N. Fallacies arising from ambiguity. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Pirie, Madsen. The book of the fallacy: A training manual for intellectual subversives. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.

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John, Woods. Fallacies: Selected papers 1972-1982. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris, 1989.

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Damer, T. Edward. Attacking faulty reasoning. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1994.

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Damer, T. Edward. Attacking faulty reasoning. 2nd ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1987.

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Damer, T. Edward. Attacking faulty reasoning: A practical guide to fallacy-free arguments. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1994.

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Walton, Douglas N. The place of emotion in argument. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.

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Aristóteles. Aristotle on fallacies, or, The Sophistici elenchi. New York: Garland, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fallacies (Logic)"

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Walton, Douglas. "Ambiguity and Fallacies." In Applied Logic Series, 1–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8632-0_1.

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Woods, John. "Unifying the Fallacies?" In Applied Logic Series, 171–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2712-3_11.

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Woods, John. "Who Cares About the Fallacies?" In Applied Logic Series, 3–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2712-3_1.

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Bisquert, Pierre, Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr, and Philippe Besnard. "Assessing Arguments with Schemes and Fallacies." In Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, 61–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20528-7_6.

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Rescher, Nicholas. "Reification Fallacies and Inappropriate Totalities." In Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, 135–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48431-6_12.

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Marmo, Costantino. "The Fallacia Consequentis between Term Logic and Sentence Logic in its Medieval Reception." In Fallacies in the Arabic, Byzantine, Hebrew and Latin Traditions, 45–74. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.adarg-eb.5.137516.

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Mahalakshmi, G. S., and T. V. Geetha. "Formal Definitions of Reason Fallacies to Aid Defect Exploration in Argument Gaming." In Logic and Its Applications, 243–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92701-3_18.

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Rahman, Shahid, and Walter Edward Young. "Outside the Logic of Necessity: Deontic Puzzles and ‘Breaking’ Compound Causal Properties in Islamic Legal Theory and Dialectic." In Fallacies in the Arabic, Byzantine, Hebrew and Latin Traditions, 153–85. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.adarg-eb.5.137520.

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Mărginean, Flaviu Adrian. "Facts and Fallacies in Using Genetic Algorithms for Learning Clauses in First-Order Logic." In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation — GECCO 2003, 1184–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45105-6_126.

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Gazziero, Leone. "«Utrum figura dictionis sit fallacia in dictione. Et quod non videtur». A Taxonomic Puzzle or How Medieval Logicians Came to Account for an Odd Question by an Impossible Answer." In Formal Approaches and Natural Language in Medieval Logic, 239–67. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tema-eb.4.2017098.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fallacies (Logic)"

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Harvey, Inman. "The Circular Logic of Gaia: Fragility and Fallacies, Regulation and Proofs." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2015. The MIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-33027-5-ch023.

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Harvey, Inman. "The Circular Logic of Gaia: Fragility and Fallacies, Regulation and Proofs." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2015. The MIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/978-0-262-33027-5-ch023.

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