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Journal articles on the topic 'Fallacious Beliefs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 January 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Leonard, Carrie A., and Robert J. Williams. "Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 51, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000113.

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2

Casey, John. "Beliefs, Commitments, and Ad Baculum Arguments." Languages 7, no. 2 (2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020107.

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Typically, an ad baculum argument is one where an arguer threatens a respondent in order to induce them to adopt a standpoint. It is a fallacy, a common account goes, because the power to impose a standpoint is irrelevant to its truth or acceptability. However, fallacies, if they are to be anything, ought at a minimum to be persuasive, and it is hard to see how an ad baculum might persuade. Employing an ad baculum just underscores how terrible someone’s reasons are. Despite this, cases of fallacious ad baculum arguments seem to exist, and this is a fact that requires some explanation. This pap

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3

Bruckner, Michael. "Do You Really Want to Know? Challenging Pragmatism and Clearing Space for the Intrinsic Value View." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 30, no. 1 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2016-300104.

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Abstract Pragmatic theories of epistemic normativity ground norms of belief formation in true belief's instrumental value as a means to promoting our desires. I argue that advocates of this view face a dilemma: either they agree that epistemic norms prescribe truth-conducive procedures of belief formation, which is untenable against the backdrop of their theory, or they dismiss the truth-conduciveness criterion and thereby render themselves incapable of explaining an intuition that most of us share: in cases where false beliefs generate the same pragmatic output as true ones, truth-conducive p

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Khdairi, Iman M. "The Logic Game, Fallacy in Selected Poems by John Donne." Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2021): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v5n1y2021.pp32-34.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze three seduction poems by John Donne regarding his use of fallacy as a technique for seduction. These poems are “The Flea”, “Confined Love” and “To His Mistress Going to Bed”. Donne tries to manipulate reasoning in the arguments with the women in those poems cleverly through false beliefs i.e., fallacies, to convince them of the legitimacy and sanctity of sexual intercourse, whether it is premarital or adultery. He deploys strong fallacious arguments with the women, who are presented as cautious or dismissive, in all three poems to achieve his aim of convinci

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Ward, Andrew C. "The Value of Genetic Fallacies." Informal Logic 30, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v30i1.1237.

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Since at least the 1938 publication of Hans Reichenbach’s Experience and Predication, there has been widespread agreement that, when discussing the beliefs that people have, it is important to distinguish contexts of discovery and contexts of justification. Traditionally, when one conflates the two contexts, the result is a “genetic fallacy”. This paper examines genealogical critiques and addresses the question of whether such critiques are fallacious and, if so, whether this vitiates their usefulness. The paper concludes that while there may be one or more senses in which genealogical critiqu

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Birrell, Ross. "The Radical Negativity and Paradoxical Performativity of Postmodern Iconoclasm: Marcel Duchamp and Antonin Artaud." Theatre Research International 25, no. 3 (2000): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300019738.

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‘Iconoclasm grew from the destruction of religious images and opposition to the religious use of images to, literally, the destruction of, and opposition to, any images or works of art and, metaphorically, the “attacking or overthrow of venerated institutions and cherished beliefs, regarded as fallacious or superstitious”’. Dario Gamboni.

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Afiyo, Assivon. "CONTRIBUTION DES VALEURS RELIGIEUSES AU DEVELOPPEMENT SOCIAL." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 01 (2024): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18118.

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The influence of religion on the development of a continent has always been a subject of reflection. In the African context, the vertiginous scale of the religious phenomenon links the underdevelopment of Africa to its belief that the failure to adopt an attitude of detachment from religious beliefs deemed superstitious and fallacious is preventing Africa from emerging. Despite a view that relegates the religious to the rank of retrograde forces, in Africa religious actors have always been vectors of social change and have been important for development initiatives. The aim of this research wo

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8

Cyrille, Ngamen Kouassi, Chituru Udo Nwachukwu, and AKINSANYA ATCHRIMI ADEBAYO. "Western Fallacies and the "Monkeyism" Theory: A Philosophical Enquiry into why some Men are not Humans." International Journal of Humanities and Communication Studies 2, no. 1 (2023): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544670.

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The "Western Fallacies and the 'Monkeyism' Theory" explores the historical impact of Western colonialism on African identity and culture. It aims to debunk the fallacious theory that labeled Africans as primitive, uncultured, and inferior through the metaphor of "monkeyism." The author analyzes the tactics used by Westerners to enforce these beliefs, including changing African names, dismissing traditional religsions, discrediting medicine, and imposing Western dress codes and manners. The papers further presents a counterargument, termed the "Demonkeyism" answer, to invalidate the degrading t

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Cyrille, Ngamen Kouassi, Chituru Udo Nwachukwu, and AKINSANYA ATCHRIMI ADEBAYO. "Western Fallacies and the "Monkeyism" Theory: A Philosophical Enquiry into why some Men are not Humans." International Journal of Humanities and Communication Studies 2, no. 1 (2023): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10547315.

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The "Western Fallacies and the 'Monkeyism' Theory" explores the historical impact of Western colonialism on African identity and culture. It aims to debunk the fallacious theory that labeled Africans as primitive, uncultured, and inferior through the metaphor of "monkeyism." The author analyzes the tactics used by Westerners to enforce these beliefs, including changing African names, dismissing traditional religsions, discrediting medicine, and imposing Western dress codes and manners. The papers further presents a counterargument, termed the "Demonkeyism" answer, to invalidate the degrading t

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10

Pimenova, Oxana. "Argument Continuities in theory and practice." Journal of Argumentation in Context 11, no. 2 (2022): 200–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21009.pim.

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Abstract Argumentation on some public policy issues is conjugated with disagreement and power differentials. Institutionally dominant arguers control the argumentation context through imposing authority rules which sometimes incentivize them to respond to opposing arguers in a fallacious way1 – with “the repeating tokens of the same counterarguments” and without considering the merits of opposing arguments. As produced in accordance with authority rules, such fallacies are embedded in the dominant argumentative discourse and easily pass unnoticed. To detect them, I introduce Argument Continuit

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11

Barker, Eileen. "Misconceptions of the Religious ‘Other’." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 1, no. 1 (2010): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v1i1.5.

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In a world in which we are faced with an ever-increasing religious diversity, the underlying assumption of this paper is that logical thought combined with accurate and reliable knowledge can make a significant contribution to the reduction of conflicts that arise through fallacious arguments and through both ignorance and misinformation of the beliefs and practices of religions other than one’s own. The paper summarizes some of the challenges of religious pluralism, demonstrating how tensions can arise and be exacerbated through the construction of negative images of ‘the other’, and outlines

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12

Armstrong, Tess, Matthew Rockloff, Matthew Browne, and Alexander Blaszczynski. "Training gamblers to re-think their gambling choices: How contextual analytical thinking may be useful in promoting safer gambling." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 3 (2020): 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00049.

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AbstractBackground and aimsHarmful gambling has been associated with the endorsement of fallacious cognitions that promote excessive consumption. These types of beliefs stem from intuitively derived assumptions about gambling that are fostered by fast-thinking and a lack of objective, critical thought. The current paper details an experiment designed to test whether a four-week online intervention to strengthen contextual analytical thinking in gamblers is effective in changing gamblers cognitions and encouraging safer gambling consumption.MethodsNinety-four regular gamblers who reported exper

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Stevens, Katharina. "Sophisms and Contempt for Autonomy." Philosophy & Rhetoric 57, no. 3 (2024): 333–46. https://doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.57.3.0333.

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ABSTRACT Argumentation theory tends to treat the distinction between intentional and unintentional fallacies—sophisms and paralogisms—as unimportant for the evaluation of argumentation. The article author believes this is so because argumentation theory tends to be focused on the epistemic functions of argumentation and fallacious arguments pose the same threat to the production of epistemic goods whether they are intentional or not, so the distinction is not needed for the epistemic evaluation of argumentation. This article argues that argumentation has a special connection to respect for aut

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14

Adler, Jonathan. "Reasoning and Lapses in James’ The Will to Believe." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 15, no. 1 (2012): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-01501016.

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James’ The Will to Believe is the most influential writing in the ethics of belief. In it, James defends the right and rationality to believe on non-evidential grounds. James’ argument is directed against Clifford’s “Evidentialism” presented in The Ethics of Belief in which Clifford concludes that “[i]t is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence”. After an overview of the James-Clifford exchange and James’ argument, I reconstruct his argument in detail. Subsequently, I examine four steps in James’ argument, and try to show that these amount to f

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Fait, Paolo. "The “false validating premiss” in Aristotle’s doctrine of fallacies." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 15, no. 1 (2012): 238–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-01501010.

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In Sophistical Refutations 8 Aristotle claims that every sophistical refutation depends on a false belief which is implicitly held by the victim of the fallacy and can normally be elicited from him as an explicit additional premiss. In this case the fallacious argument will be turned into a valid one, albeit with a false premiss (a FVP “False Validating Premiss”, as I call it). The paper discusses the nature of the FVP and tries to discover how it works when it tacitly causes the false appearance of a fallacious argument.

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Desmond, Matthew, and Mustafa Emirbayer. "WHAT IS RACIAL DOMINATION?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 6, no. 2 (2009): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x09990166.

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AbstractWhen students of race and racism seek direction, they can find no single comprehensive source that provides them with basic analytical guidance or that offers insights into the elementary forms of racial classification and domination. We believe the field would benefit greatly from such a source, and we attempt to offer one here. Synchronizing and building upon recent theoretical innovations in the area of race, we lend some conceptual clarification to the nature and dynamics of race and racial domination so that students of the subjects—especially those seeking a general (if economica

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17

Денисова, Виктория Геннадьевна. "Когнитивные нарушения, искажения и логические ошибки: эпистемологический анализ". Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке, № 2(72) (30 червня 2025): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.24866/1997-2857/2025-2/99-107.

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The article presents an epistemological analysis of the distinctions between «cognitive distortions», «cognitive biases», and «logical fallacies». The author highlights their differing origins, nature, and roles in cognitive processes. Cognitive distortions are linked to maladaptive beliefs and mental disorders, cognitive biases stem from heuristics under uncertainty, while logical fallacies involve violations of argumentation rules. Drawing on van Lambalgen and Stenning’s works, the study demonstrates that epistemological analysis of cognition must consider not only logical argument structure

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Double, Richard. "Informal fallacies in James's the will to Believe." Think 2, no. 6 (2004): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175600002773.

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19

Kelleher, Martin G., and Igor R. Blum. "Facts and Fallacies About Restorative Philosophies for the Management of the Worn Dentition." Primary Dental Journal 9, no. 1 (2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050168420911018.

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This article addresses facts and fallacies about managing worn teeth and challenges some traditional concepts and beliefs about occlusion. Whilst it is accepted that many of the historic occlusal concepts were well intended, closer examination reveals that many were unnecessarily destructive of sound tooth tissues and did not deliver all of their purported benefits. Those fallacies make them less appropriate in the litigious environment of contemporary dental practice. This paper discusses the disadvantages of ‘subtractive’ dental procedures for the management of tooth wear, and highlights the

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20

Seremeta, Ermioni, Monique Flecken, and Corina Andone. "Fallacies and biases." Pragmatics & Cognition 31, no. 1 (2024): 244–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.00046.ser.

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Abstract When processing political arguments, people are strongly affected by their prior ideological beliefs. Political cognition often relies on two types of ideological biases. Firstly, confirmation bias leads addressees of political communication to accept arguments that affirm their preferred ideological positions. Secondly, disconfirmation bias probes reasoners to reject arguments that provide attitudinally incongruent evidence. Here, we report the findings of an experiment aimed at investigating the role of biased reasoning on perceptions of argument soundness. We focused on the process

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LIAN, Zelei. "Debate over Post-Mortem Existence and Thrifty Burial in Wang Chong’s Lunheng." Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2023): 069–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2023.0301.009.

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Han China （202 BCE-220 CE） is a haunted world filled with spirits, demons, and ghosts of all kinds, whose influence is felt everywhere. In a time when variegated theories on the spirit world and mortuary traditions vie with each other for prominence, Wang Chong (27-ca. 100 CE), a most original philosopher, offers his systematic treatment of these contentious issues. Writing in a lively style with passion, reason, and patience, Wang Chong actively engages himself in these debates and applies organized and meticulous inquiry to tell fallacies of belief from what he believes to be the truth. This

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Agustin, Karina Estiani, Novita Triana, and Nasrullah -. "Logical fallacy in speakers’ arguments: what do we learn from final round debate of NUDC." Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL) 7, no. 2 (2024): 205. https://doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v7i2.20713.

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In debate, speakers often employ logical fallacies to bolster their statements in order to secure victory by persuasively introducing a collection of factual or belief errors. Numerous studies have analyzed the use of logical fallacies, primarily in presidential debates and public figures’ speeches. However, there has been limited research specifically investigating the logical fallacies in students' debates. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the arguments presented by the speakers in the final round debate at NUDC. The objective is to identify and categorize the logical fallacies pres

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Shukla, Smita, and Priya M. Vaidya. "Analysis of the Role of Philosophical Counselling in Nurturing Dynamic Leadership." International Journal of Philosophical Practice 10, no. 1 (2024): 212–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp202410112.

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The need to nurture dynamic leadership in all possible ways is felt all the more today in the world. Leadership must be aligned with the world where it can be stated that the world is too complex and is rapidly changing and hence, one person alone cannot provide all the answers. Dynamism in thought, word and action can certainly benefit the leader, the organization as well as the country in diverse ways. Leader can no longer be a person - a person who is in charge of a group and instead, the thought is that leadership can come from anyone. This means we need many leaders who are able to offer

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Ruiz-Palomino, Estefanía, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Cristina Giménez-García, and María Dolores Gil-Llario. "The teenage love: Do Spanish early-middle adolescents believe in the romantic love?" Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes 8, no. 2 (2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2021.08.2.7.

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Romantic beliefs are associated to attachment anxiety, acceptability of abusive relationships and justification of violent behavior. Adolescence is a crucial stage for the consolidation of identity. The aim of this study is to analyze the myths of romantic love and examine gender differences among 448 Spanish early-middle adolescents (M = 12.92; SD = 0.85) that were attending the first and second year of the Spanish secondary education. The Myths, Fallacies and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale by Luzón et al. (2011) was administered in the classrooms during tutoring hours and was super

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BEAUMONT, TIM. "J.S. Mill on Calliclean Hedonism and the Value of Pleasure." Dialogue 58, no. 3 (2018): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217318000173.

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Maximizing Hedonism maintains that the most pleasurable pleasures are the best. Francis Bradley argues that this is either incompatible with Mill’s Qualitative Hedonism, or renders the latter redundant. Some ‘sympathetic’ interpreters respond that Mill was either a Non-Maximizing Hedonist or a Non-Hedonist. However, Bradley’s argument is fallacious, and these ‘sympathetic’ interpretations cannot provide adequate accounts of: Mill’s identification with the Protagorean Socrates; his criticisms of the Gorgian Socrates; or his apparent belief that Callicles is misguided to attempt to show that the

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HERSHENOV, DAVID B., and ADAM P. TAYLOR. "Split brains: no headache for the soul theorist." Religious Studies 50, no. 4 (2014): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412514000109.

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AbstractSplit brains that result in two simultaneous streams of consciousness cut off from each other are wrongly held to be grounds for doubting the existence of the divinely created soul. The mistake is based on two related errors: first, a failure to appreciate the soul's dependence upon neurological functioning; second, a fallacious belief that if the soul is simple, i.e. without parts, then there must be a unity to its thought, all of its thoughts being potentially accessible to reflection or even unreflective causal interactions. But a soul theorist can allow neurological events to keep

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Chehab, May. "Marguerite Yourcenar’s Care for the World." Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 49, no. 1 (2025): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2025.49.1.49-54.

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For Marguerite Yourcenar, the human species is the cause of a new mass extinction caused by the transformation of the ecosphere to the anthroposphere. Not only does her concern for the earth castigate a still segregated conception of ecology – humanity on the one side, everything else on the other – she also attacks the source of this evil anthropocentrism: the belief in human exceptionalism, whose intention is to justify philosophically and biologically the superiority of the human species. Faced with predatory behaviour and moral pandemics, Yourcenar criticizes the fallacious presuppositions

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Washburn, David A. "What Monkeys Can Do." Teaching of Psychology 24, no. 1 (1997): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009862839702400118.

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Many students believe that nonhuman animals are either irreconcilably different from humans or are comparable to humans in almost every way. It is important to identify and challenge these fallacious biases, particularly for classes in which animal behavior is discussed. A computerized (MS-DOS) laboratory exercise addressed this and other course goals. Student evaluations indicated that the activity is useful for augmenting textbook information, challenging these misconceived notions, and spawning classroom discussion about the existence and meaning of important species similarities and differ

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Hasanović, Bilal. "MESSAGE CONVEYED THROUGH SOME AYATS THAT INCLUDE DERIVED FORMS OF THE TERMS CALL, INVITE, REQUEST." Zbornik radova Islamskog pedagoškog fakulteta u Zenici (Online), no. 7 (December 15, 2009): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2009.197.

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Qur’anic terms de'ā, jed'ū, da'vetun, du'āu and their derived forms have been used in over two hundred ayats that speak about belief in Allah, Righteous Path and Truth. In these ayats people are invited to advocate Truth, to do good deeds, and to avow that they are Muslims. They emphasize Allah’s closeness to people. He requests for people to address Him, to honestly believe in Him, to believe their prayer will be answered. These ayats also speak about man’s ingratitude towards Allahu, dž.š., when He saves him form difficulties; about man’s backslide into previous fallacies. They further speak

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Saeed, Abdullah, та Dr Mustafeez Ahmad Alvi Prof. "وحی ا ور اس کی حفاظت سے متعلق مستشرقین کے نظریات و افکار کا جائزہ". AL-MISBAH research journal 4, № 3 (2024): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14497961.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Human guidance is not solely reliant on reason and observation; rather, revelation is an essential necessity for proper guidance. The need for revelation arises precisely in instances where reason and senses cannot assist. Therefore, it is not necessary for every aspect of revelation to be comprehensible through reason alone. Just as determining the color of an object does not require reason but is a matter of direct perception, similarly, the knowledge of religious beliefs is derived from revelation rather than pure intellect. Relying solely on reason for understandi

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Shrestha, Rabindra Man. "Dental Journalism: Finding Fact, Fiction, Fallacies, Fraud…" Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 1 (2015): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i1.14491.

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According to an opinion poll doctors topped the list among various professionals whom the public believe the most in telling truth; while journalists were on the bottom of the list. The MORI poll carried on behalf of British Medical Association showed that 87% believe doctors don’t lie, while 85% assume journalists don’t report truth. Surfacing amidst the trust bestowed upon the doctors and mistrust for the journalists, this article attempts to explain various aspects of dental journalism.

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Akinova, Zh, A. Faizulayev, and Y. Kabildinova. "Analyzin the worth of stocks through fundamental analysis: insights from the Kazakhstan stock exchange (KASE)." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 6 (March 4, 2025): 217–30. https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2024-6-217-230.

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The purpose of the article is furnishing recommendations for judicious buy or sell signals conducive to informed investment decisions.The methodology of this article was based on theoretical and empirical research methods: a comprehensive analysis of the value of Kazakhstan stock market, as well as the the utilization of coefficients derived from a multiple regression analysis and the consideration of key value drivers for the KASE Index, as of November 15, 2023.Originality/value of the research: Nowadays there exists a multitude of misconceptions surrounding the practices of security selectio

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Djuric, Drago, and Sladjana Djuric. "Political beliefs, “catch-all” populism, and political fideism: The leader-centric propaganda model." Theoria, Beograd 66, no. 3 (2023): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2303141d.

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In this paper, we will attempt to consider the issue of constructing and justifying political beliefs under the conditions of populist politics and authoritarian regimes. We will address the non-ideological nature of the so-called ?catch-all? populism, attempts to exclude the educated and intellectual elite from public political life, and the use of certain informal logical fallacies in the development of a populist propaganda model. We will also point out the similarities between religious and political propaganda. In this regard, we will try to interpret the leader-centric propaganda model f

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Tang, Winson Y. H. "The Case of Mr. H: Applying Buddhism in LBT." International Journal of Philosophical Practice 4, no. 4 (2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2018445.

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In this paper, I discuss how the six-steps procedure of LBT can be applied to the case of Mr. H., who believes that it is reasonable for him to feel hopeless for his future. During the practicum session, we explore his emotional reasoning, identify and refute cardinal fallacies in the premises, and identify guiding virtues according to the fallacies. Further, according to Mr. H’s preference, we explore and apply the uplifting philosophy associated with the ideas of Buddhism. I conclude the paper with reflections on how both Mr. H and myself learnt from this valuable experience.

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Conces, Rory J., and Matthias J. Walters. "Something Called the ‘False Dilemma Fallacy’ (FDF): A Return to Formalization Just This Time." Informal Logic 43, no. 2 (2023): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v43i2.7171.

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This work is a revision of the False Dilemma Fallacy (FDF). The formalized model (FM)of this fallacy has as its centerpiece a valid disjunctive syllogism, but the disjunctive premise is presumed to be false, thus making the argument unsound. Our revised model (FM2.0) focuses on the formal structure by comparing the given vs. the real argument, which is unsound because of its invalidity. This approach we believe is more pedagogically useful and a better explanation of the fallacious nature of the FDF. It extends the identity of “formal fallacy” to the FDF. The abstract is formatted in two colum

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Sony, Michael, and Neeta Baporikar. "Fallacies in Decision Making From an Asian Perspective." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20210701.oa8.

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Decision making is integral for organizational success, and for that, the basic tenet is rationality. Yet, no decisions in the workplace are purely rational. Irrational decision-making behaviours are the irrational beliefs of employees. Irrational employee behaviours can cause a billion dollar revenue loss. The purpose of this paper is to study the complex employee phenomenon of workplace irrational decision making and unearth its dimensions. Hence, this study is envisaged as a lived experience using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participation was by 123 employees working in variou

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Kelleher, Martin G. D., Hui Lynn Ooi, and Igor R. Blum. "Facts and Fallacies About Occlusal Philosophies for Full Mouth Rehabilitation." Primary Dental Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050168420981529.

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This article reviews various full mouth rehabilitation occlusal concepts along with their main beliefs and controversies. Many of those occlusal teachings were well-meant at the time they were introduced. However, closer examination reveals that many of them involved serious destruction of sound tooth tissue – without delivering many of their purported benefits. The biologic and structural disadvantages of ‘subtractive’ dental procedures, which were, and still are, undertaken to provide traditional full mouth rehabilitation are discussed. Those approaches are contrasted with the proven advanta

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Aytaç, Uğur. "Two Conceptions of Legitimacy: A Response to Fabian Wendt's Moralist Critique of Political Realism." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 31, no. 3 (2017): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2017-310304.

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Abstract Fabian Wendt [20] argues that political realism is not capable of explaining how the state's moral right to rule over its subjects is generated. I believe that Wendt's criticism is not sound because his position relies on the false implicit assumption that realism and moralism ask the same philosophical questions on state authority. I contend that it is fallacious to evaluate the realist account of legitimacy by the standards of moralism, and vice versa, as these two accounts arrive at different conceptions of legitimacy by raising different sets of philosophical questions. The two se

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Neuringer, Charles. "The Meaning Behind Popular Myths about Suicide." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 18, no. 2 (1988): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/rghw-w8jt-8j6v-lqaj.

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The realization that another person chooses to end his life is both horrifying and mysterious to most human beings, because suicide defies the prime law of nature (i.e., survival) and raises doubts about the worth of living. In order to reduce psychological perturbation, we develop a set of myths (or false beliefs) about suicide which serve to deflect us from facing basic issues about life and death and thus maintain a sense of inner comfort. Several common human-serving fallacies about suicide are examined as to their validity and are discussed in terms of how they operate to reduce anxiety a

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Weinstock, Michael P. "Psychological Research and the Epistemological Approach to Argumentation." Informal Logic 26, no. 1 (2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v26i1.435.

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Much psychological research on argumentation focuses on persuasion and pragmatics. However, one strand investigates how average people understand the nature of knowledge and knowing, and how these epistemological orientations underlie skilled argumentation. The research reviewed addresses the question whether the normative emphasis of the philosophical epistemological approach to argumentation matches psychological findings. The empirical research reviewed concerns the relationship between personal episte- mological understanding and three aspects of argument: argument construction, identifica

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Harris, Keith. "What's Epistemically Wrong with Conspiracy Theorising?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 84 (November 2018): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246118000619.

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AbstractBelief in conspiracy theories is often taken to be a paradigm of epistemic irrationality. Yet, as I argue in the first half of this paper, standard criticisms of conspiracy theorising fail to demonstrate that the practice is invariably irrational. Perhaps for this reason, many scholars have taken a relatively charitable attitude toward conspiracy theorists and conspiracy theorising in recent years. Still, it would be a mistake to conclude from the defence of conspiracy theorising offered here that belief in conspiracy theories is on an epistemic par with belief in other theories. I arg

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Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar, and Anwar Shah. "Economic Rationale of the Prohibition of Interest." Islamic Studies 58, no. 4 (2019): 503–17. https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v58i4.731.

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Conventional economist, in particular neo-classical, assumes that self-interest is the guiding principle of economic behaviour and there exist no fallacies of composition. That is, whatever is in the interest of an individual is also in the interest of a society. Keynesian school of thought, on the other hand, though admits fallacies of composition such as “paradox of thrift” and “liquidity trap,” but they believe that such anomalies can be resolved by appropriate government intervention. History has, however, shown that government intervention, on average, worsens the issues of an economy ins

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Webster, J. "Zoomorphism and anthropomorphism: fruitful fallacies?" Animal Welfare 20, no. 1 (2011): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002402.

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AbstractZoo- and anthropomorphism may both be scientific heresies but both may serve as a basis for thought (and real) experiments designed to explore our ability to assess quality of life as perceived by another sentient animal. Sentience, a major contributor to evolutionary fitness in a complex environment, implies ‘feelings that matter’. Strength of motivation is a measure of how much they matter. Since humans and most domestic animals share the property of sentience, it follows that some aspects of feeling may be similar, and where we differ, the differences may be of degree rather than ab

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Bouissac, Paul. "How plausible is the motherese hypothesis?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 4 (2004): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04250117.

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Falk's hypothesis is attractive and seems to be supported by data from primatology and language acquisition literature. However, this etiological narrative presents a fairly low degree of plausibility, the result of two epistemological fallacies: an implicit reliance on a unilinear model of causality and the explicit belief that ontogeny is homologous to phylogeny. Although this attempt to retrace the early emergence of prelinguistic capacities in hominins falls short of producing a compelling argument, it does call attention to an aspect of linguistic behavior which may indeed have evolved un

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EDWARDS, PAUL J. "SEMICONDUCTOR JUNCTION NOISE REVISITED: WHERE HAVE ALL THE PHYSICAL NOISE SOURCES GONE?" Fluctuation and Noise Letters 01, no. 03 (2001): C15—C19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477501000421.

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The distinction between "physical" and "equivalent" noise sources in bipolar junction transistors and other semiconductor devices has become blurred in the current engineering textbooks. An unfortunate consequence of this is the emergence in the literature of fictitious noise sources such as the "the collector-current shot noise" and the "base-current shot noise". These are often assigned a physical reality and incorrectly treated as real physical noise sources, independent of circuit topology. Text-books have encouraged successive generations of students in this belief. Non-physical noise sou

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Bednarik, Robert G. "Brain Disorder and Rock Art." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23, no. 1 (2013): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431300005x.

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Prompted by numerous endeavours to link a variety of brain illnesses/conditions with the introduction of palaeoart, especially rock art, the author reviews these proposals in the light of the causes of these psychiatric conditions. Several of these proposals are linked to the assumption that palaeoart was introduced through shamanism. It is demonstrated that there is no simplistic link between shamanism and brain disorders, although it is possible that some of the relevant susceptibility alleles might be involved in some shamanic experiences. Similarly, no connection between rock art and shama

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Moniz, Melemaikalani. "Decolonizing the Mind as an Exercise of Ea." International Journal of Legal Information 51, no. 1 (2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2023.12.

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Native Hawaiians believe that every person is born with a bowl of perfect light. It is in our bowl of perfect light that our mana or supernatural divine power grows in strength to gift us the capacity to defy what we've been indoctrinated to believe. While we alone place stones into our bowl of light, the effect of colonization is that we become weighed down by illusions and fallacies created by colonizers to compel us to betray our light. When we choose to grow our light, however, only a simple overturning of the bowl releases the stones. After the stones are released, our bowl of light can o

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Schredelseker, Klaus. "It is All About Information: Six Common Fallacies in Financial Economics." Journal of Information Economics 2, no. 4 (2024): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.58567/jie02040002.

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Based on the results of a simple Agent Based Model (ABM) six common and widely affirmed statements in financial economics are discussed: (1) The better an investor is informed, the higher his performance is expected to be, (2) There is a well-defined state of art how to make sound financial decisions, (3) High standards of public information create private as well as public value, (4) Highly skilled financial analysts usually decide better than their lousy colleagues, (5) The market loses informational efficiency if traders abstain from information, (6) To use Bayes&rsquo; updating rule me

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Jilek, Wolfgang G. "Culture and Psychopathology Revisited." Culture 3, no. 1 (2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1084158ar.

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The author presents examples of pathogenic influence of culture. He identifies specific pathogenic factors associated with rapid socio-cultural change affecting North American Indians and African populations and sketches the resulting typical psychopathological conditions: anomic depression in Amerindians, transient psychotic reactions (bouffée délirante) in Africans. Witchcraft and sorcery beliefs often characterize the clinical picture of psychotic reactions in “marginal” Africans and in transplanted South Europeans of tradition-directed background. Examples are provided which illustrate the

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Boland, Tom. "Giving Reasons?: The Disciplinary Subject of Critical Thinking." International Political Anthropology 12, no. 1 (2019): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3235727.

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Contemporary anxieties around “fake news”, propaganda and echo chambers, often lead to a simplistic solution of the need to teach ‘critical thinking’ to students and to the public at large. Broadly this critical thinking means informal logic, drawn from Aristotle, but reduced to a sort of toolkit for detecting fallacies. While logic as mathematics is unproblematic, the uses of logic and reason within critical thinking are predominantly to scrutinise and doubt the beliefs of others, accusing them of being irrational, emotional or biased. This chapter conducts a Foucauldi

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