Academic literature on the topic 'False Refusal'
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Journal articles on the topic "False Refusal"
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Torak, I. "Refusal of treatment: genuine omission and false omission?" СОЮЗ КРИМИНАЛИСТОВ И КРИМИНОЛОГОВ 2 (2021): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31085/2310-8681-2021-2-208-137-141.
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Wilson, Lee. "Does False Consciousness Necessarily Preclude Moral Blameworthiness?: The Refusal of the Women Antisuffragists." Hypatia 36, no. 2 (2021): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2021.27.
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AbstractSocial philosophers often invoke the concept of false consciousness in their analyses, referring to a set of evidence-resistant, ignorant attitudes held by otherwise sound epistemic agents, systematically occurring in virtue of, and motivating them to perpetuate, structural oppression. But there is a worry that appealing to the notion in questions of responsibility for the harm suffered by members of oppressed groups is victim-blaming. Individuals under false consciousness allegedly systematically fail the relevant rationality and epistemic conditions due to structural distortions of reasoning or knowledge practices, undermining their status as responsible moral agents.But attending to the constitutive mechanisms and heterogeneity of false consciousness enables us to see how having it does not in itself render someone an inappropriate target of blame. I focus here on the 1889 antisuffragist manifesto “An Appeal against Female Suffrage,” arguing that its signatories, despite false consciousness, satisfy both conditions for ordinary blameworthiness. I consider three prominent signatories, observing that the irrationality characterization is unsustainable beyond group-level diagnoses, and that their capacity to respond appropriately to reasons was not compromised. Following recent work on epistemic injustice, I also argue that culpable mechanisms constituted their false consciousness, rendering them blameworthy for the Appeal.
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Bullah, Habib Habib. "Pandangan Mustafa Mahmud Terhadap Hadis Syafa’at." Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/almada.v1i1.128.
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The renewal discourse about Islamic opinion is always interesting to discuss. Many Moslem scholars give critical opinion about the reaction of knowing and understanding about Islam especially about as-sunah as a law Islamic base. The reaction is there are many people receive and there are many people refuse the exsistent of as-sunnah as a law Islamic base. One of person who refuse as-sunnah as a law Islamic base is Mustafa Mahmud. The controversial opinion becomes serious discussion both in seminar and scientific written. According to Mustofa Mahmud, all hadits are doubt not only in the exsistent but also in syafa’at hadits. They are all false although they are written by Al-Bukhari. Syafa’at hadits is often connected with refusal hadits community (refusal as-sunnah) that is placed in Mesir. This research uses analysis descriptive method that contains critical analysis inside to Mustofa Mahmud’s facing in syafa’at hadits. This research produces a critical opinion and measurement to Mustafa Mahmud’s facing about syafaat hadits.
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Estep, Kevin, and Pierce Greenberg. "Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity." American Sociological Review 85, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 957–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122420960691.
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Cases of measles and other highly contagious diseases are rising in the United States. Public health experts blame the rise partly on the spatial concentration of parents declining to vaccinate their children, but researchers have given little attention to theorizing why this clustering occurs in particular communities. We argue that residential and school selection processes create “pockets of homogeneity” attracting parents inclined to opt out of vaccines. Structural features of these enclaves reduce the likelihood of harsh criticism for vaccine refusal and foster a false sense of protection from disease, making the choice to opt out seem both safe and socially acceptable. Examination of quantitative data on personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from school-based vaccination requirements in California schools and districts, as well as findings from parent interviews, provide empirical support for the theory. We discuss substantive implications for lawmakers and public health officials, as well as broader sociological contributions concerning neighborhood effects and residential sorting.
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Franchella, Miriam. "Towards a Re-Evaluation of Julius König's Contribution to Logic." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 6, no. 1 (March 2000): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421075.
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AbstractJulius König is famous for his mistaken attempt to demonstrate that the continuum hypothesis was false. It is also known that the only positive result that could have survived from his proof is the paradox which bears his name. Less famous is his 1914 book Neue Grundlagen der Logik, Arithmetik und Mengenlehre. Still, it contains original contributions to logic, like the concept of metatheory and the solution of paradoxes based on the refusal of the law of bivalence. We are going to discover them by analysing the content of the book.
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Jokubauskaitė, Greta, and Nijolė Galdikienė. "Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children." Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 2, no. 8 (296) (August 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/2021.2.15.
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Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences.
Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences.
Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar.
Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money.
Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.
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Jokubauskaitė, Greta, and Nijolė Galdikienė. "Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children." Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 2, no. 8 (296) (August 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/slauga.2021.2.15.
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Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences.
Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences.
Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar.
Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money.
Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.
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Bencko, Vladimír. "A Vaccination Refusal and the False Cards in Hands of Anti-vaccinators: a Serious Problem of Public Health." Hygiena 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.a1301.
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Cordrey, Kyla, Laura McLaughlin, Prithwijit Das, and Ruth Milanaik. "Pediatric Resident Education and Preparedness Regarding Vaccine-Preventable Diseases." Clinical Pediatrics 57, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817727465.
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This study assessed pediatric residents’ reported knowledge of and self-confidence in identifying/treating 8 vaccine-preventable diseases. Pediatric residents nationwide (n = 385) reported (1) if they had previously diagnosed measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, varicella, and/or polio; (2) their comfort level in treating these diseases; (3) the likelihood of identifying symptoms; and (4) 16 disease-related statements as true/false. More than 25% of residents were not comfortable treating 5 of the 8 diseases. More than 25% reported themselves as unlikely/extremely unlikely to identify symptoms of 3 of these diseases. Third- or fourth-year residents did not feel more confident in identifying disease symptoms than first-year residents, except for pertussis ( P ≤ .01). True/false statement accuracy ranged from 56.8% correct (polio) to 94.6% correct (pertussis). Most residents (73.3%) were “extremely concerned” regarding parental vaccine refusal, and 96.0% felt that they would benefit from receiving more information. Increased emphasis on this subject in residency education is essential for the management of potential disease outbreaks.
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Alter, Karen J. "When and how to legally challenge economic globalization: A comment on the German Constitutional Court’s false promise." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab014.
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Abstract The German Constitutional Court’s recent challenge to European law supremacy, and European lawyers’ strident critique of it, divert us from the conversation we need to have. The German Federal Constitutional Court wants us to focus on a surplus of European Union power, the European Court of Justice’s refusal to constrain it, the legal strategy of proportionality, and the goal of protecting national democracy. I defend national judicial pushback that is used to protect individual rights, democracy, and the national constitutional order. But demanding a German right to proportionality review of European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy does not further these goals. Judicial review of monetary policy, especially in a context of radical uncertainty, makes little sense. Nor is the German Court’s doctrinal focus helpful as a way to address globalization. We need a new and different conversation focused on when and how constitutional review can effectively and helpfully push back against the adverse impacts that economic globalization is creating.
Books on the topic "False Refusal"
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Kim, Sunae, Ameneh Shahaeian, and Joëlle Proust. Developmental diversity in mindreading and metacognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0006.
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A first aim of this chapter is to explain why children seem to present different patterns of development across cultures for solving false-belief tasks. Anthropological evidence is presented suggesting that the tests devised for Western children might not be adequate outside Western cultures. Alternative practices and values, such as the willingness/refusal to express one’s own mental states, the degree of autonomous agency allocated to young children, and the style of communication used in child-rearing, might partly explain the timing differences in the development of mindreading. A second aim is to identify the sociocultural factors that might also differentially impact the development of metacognitive abilities. It is proposed that the cultural practices that regulate patterns of attention, ways of learning, and communicational pragmatics should differentially influence the kinds of epistemic decisions that need to be monitored and the process of attribution of knowledge to the self in young children.
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Fontani, Marco, Mariagrazia Costa, and Mary Virginia Orna. The Lost Elements. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199383344.001.0001.
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The Periodic Table of Elements hasn't always looked like it does now, a well-organized chart arranged by atomic number. In the mid-nineteenth century, chemists were of the belief that the elements should be sorted by atomic weight. However, the weights of many elements were calculated incorrectly, and over time it became clear that not only did the elements need rearranging, but that the periodic table contained many gaps and omissions: there were elements yet to be discovered, and the allure of finding one had scientists rushing to fill in the blanks. Supposed "discoveries" flooded laboratories, and the debate over what did and did not belong on the periodic table reached a fever pitch. With the discovery of radioactivity, the discourse only intensified. Throughout its formation, the Periodic Table of Elements has seen false entries, good-faith errors, retractions, and dead ends. In fact, there have been more falsely proclaimed elemental discoveries throughout history than there are elements on the table as we know it today. The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side collects the most notable of these instances, stretching from the nineteenth century to the present. The book tells the story of how scientists have come to understand elements, by discussing the failed theories and false discoveries that shaped the path of scientific progress. We learn of early chemists' stubborn refusal to disregard alchemy as a legitimate practice, and of one German's supposed discovery of an elemental metal that breathed. As elements began to be created artificially in the twentieth century, we watch the discovery climate shift to favor the physicists, rather than the chemists. Along the way, Fontani, Costa, and Orna introduce us to the key figures in the development of today's periodic table, including Lavoisier and Mendeleev. Featuring a preface from Nobel Laureate Roald Hoffmann, The Lost Elements is an expansive history of the wrong side of chemical discovery-and reveals how these errors and gaffes have helped shape the table as much as any other form of scientific progress.
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Milbank, Alison. ‘Beyond the Awful Veil’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824466.003.0005.
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Radcliffe’s Anglican orthodoxy is established in Chapter 4, along with her attempt through her fiction to offer a theology of mediation and participation. She works with Shaftesbury’s Platonic moral realism in contrast to Mrs Barbauld’s associationist view of taste and develops a mode of mystical ascent through the interplay of vertical and horizontal experiences. The sublime allows ascent through an awareness of one’s created nature, which is linked to Shaftesbury’s taxonomy of forms. It is an inherently social and virtuous experience, as in James Thomson’s Seasons, and centred on melancholy—an awareness of fallenness, which again allows for a mediation through this distantiation. Twilight’s veiling inbetweenness restores a sense of the lost Eden, while music and liturgy offer humanity’s articulate praise as an example of a Shaftesburian ‘form that forms’. Radcliffe’s explained supernatural is revisioned as a false idolatrous sublime that mistakes an effect for a cause and refuses the mystical ascent.
Book chapters on the topic "False Refusal"
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Kotzé, Justin. "Criminology or Zemiology? Yes, Please! On the Refusal of Choice Between False Alternatives." In Zemiology, 85–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76312-5_5.
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Munday, Roderick. "11. Drawing adverse inferences from a defendant’s omissions, lies, or false alibis." In Evidence, 456–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198832461.003.0011.
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Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. A suspect’s silence in response to questioning is liable to arouse suspicion: the normal reaction to an accusation, it is widely believed, is to volunteer a response. This chapter discusses the following: the so-called right to silence; permissible inferences drawn from the defendant’s silence at common law; the failures provisions of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994: permissible inferences drawn from the defendant’s failure to mention facts, failure to testify, failure or refusal to account for objects etc, or failure to account for presence; permissible inferences drawn from lies told by the defendant: Lucas directions; permissible inferences drawn from false alibis put forward by the defendant.
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Kingston, Lindsey N. "Forced Displacement and Broken Ties." In Fully Human, 79–100. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918262.003.0004.
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Although most forcibly displaced persons are legal nationals of a state, they lack functioning citizenship with their governments. In fact, their governments are often responsible for the human rights abuses and conflicts that prompted their displacement to begin with. While some protections under international law are meant to fill the gaps created by these broken ties, in reality the displaced suffer widespread human rights abuses in the absence of a reliable state duty-bearer. Anti–Syrian refugee sentiments in Europe, refugee detention in Australia, and the stubborn refusal to acknowledge many “illegal immigrants” as asylum-seekers in North America are just a few examples of the severe challenges to basic human rights the forcibly displaced face in the absence of functioning citizenship. The inadequacies of refugee rights, including the false assumption that displacement is anything less than normal in our current system, lead to glaring denials of the rights to place and purpose for the displaced.
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Thackeray, William Makepeace. "Chapter XVI I Provide Nobly for My Family and Attain The Height of My (Seeming) Good Fortune." In Barry Lyndon. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537464.003.0017.
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The next day when I went back, my fears were realized; the door was refused to me—my lady was not at home. This I knew to be false: I had watched the door the whole morning from a lodging I took at a house...
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Evans, Richard Kent. "Progress." In MOVE, 57–88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058777.003.0004.
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This chapter argues that MOVE’s public confrontations in the early 1970s should be understood within their religious worldview. John Africa taught MOVE people to confront progress, the idea that we can make the world a better place, that technology can relieve our suffering, that we control our own destinies. MOVE people used profane language, situationally inappropriate attire, and disrespectful behavior to draw attention to the sacredness with which American society imbued organized religion, political advancement, and formal education. They refused to genuflect before the power of the state to expose, they believed, the false trust Americans had placed in government. John Africa taught that by merely forcing Americans to confront the hypocrisy inherent in their false religion of progress, the System would crumble. But to do that, MOVE people had to profane what American society held sacred, and to venerate the sacredness of Life that American society had forgotten.
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Hamilton, John T. "Repercussions." In Security. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157528.003.0011.
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This chapter considers Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz who devoted his philosophic and scientific career to harmonizing discordances and unifying disparities, calculating the otherwise incalculable and reconciling the seemingly unreconciliable. The universalizing thrust of Leibniz's thinking is of a piece both with his ecumenism and with his moral and political views. The Cartesian who rejects phenomena as false simply because they can be doubted lacks the courage to face conflicts that may arise within any aspect of human experience. Instead, Leibniz refused to be daunted by uncertainty. In this regard, he should be numbered among those seventeenth-century theoreticians of probability like Pierre de Fermat, Blaise Pascal, and Jakob Bernoulli, who strove to develop models of rational judgment and action in the face of grave uncertainty.
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Bīriņa, Linda. "Informācijas avotu aizsardzība – žurnālista tiesības vai pienākums?" In Tiesības un tiesiskā vide mainīgos apstākļos, 88–96. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.79.08.
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International law provides strong protection to journalists enabling them to refuse to divulge their confidential sources of information. However, there may be situations when a journalist is willing to expose the name of a confidential informant who had tried to manipulate the journalist by passing on false information. The article strives to determine whether protection of sources from journalist’s perspective is an absolute duty or it is a right that the journalist can choose to enforce depending on the particular situation. The author provides an insight into different approaches of ethical and legal requirements related to journalist’s right and duty to protect sources and concludes that an absolute duty should be avoided.
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Fosl, Peter S. "Technai: Dogmatism and the Technologies of Doubt." In Hume's Scepticism, 260–310. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451123.003.0008.
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Chapter Seven undertakes to articulate Hume’s scepticism with regard to the third dimension of the Pyrrhonian Fourfold—technê. More particularly, the chapter examines the instruments he deploys against dogmatism, that is his technologies of doubt. The chapter devotes special attention to Hume’s sceptical arguments regarding the epistemic capacities of reason and the senses, especially in regard to the primary/secondary quality distinction and what Hume calls ‘false philosophy.’ The text argues that Hume is an entirely radical sceptic who refuses all epistemic and metaphysical claims, including those related to personal identity, the immateriality of the soul, hidden substances, energies, and powers, including the causal power. The chapter explains what exactly counts for Hume as dogmatism and what is not consistent with scepticism. The chapter explores the import to empiricism of Hume’s Copy Principle.
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Gross, Michael L. "Patient Rights and Practitioner Duties." In Military Medical Ethics in Contemporary Armed Conflict, edited by Michael L. Gross, 35–55. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190694944.003.0003.
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In military medicine, the goals of war transform patient rights and practitioner duties. Attention to conserving mission readiness and maintaining one’s fitness for duty limits soldiers’ rights to refuse standard medical care, initiate DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) orders, maintain privacy, and demand confidentiality. At the same time, however, military medical practitioners are expected to maintain impartiality and neutrality. In wartime, both are problematic. The imperative of military necessity may override impartiality while medical staff members tending compatriot warfighters are not neutral. Special, associative duties of care, moreover, may demand preferential treatment for compatriots at the expense of the medical needs of others. Citing dual loyalty, some observers call on military medical personnel to choose between their medical and military obligations. Dual loyalty, however, is a false dichotomy that obscures the moral tension between collective and individual interests coloring all aspects of political and military ethics.
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Saraçoglu, M. Safa. "Writing Politics: Ottoman Governmentality and the Language of Reports." In Nineteenth-Century Local Governance in Ottoman Bulgaria, 116–45. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430999.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the official correspondence between Vidin’s administrative council and the provincial capital, Ruse. These reports pertaining to events in Vidin County were a part of the political procedures of the local judicio-administrative sphere. As such, politics of local administration influenced the official correspondence and our understanding of the events in Vidin County. The writing of reports and petitions and other provincial administrative/judicial practices (such as interrogations) constituted a significant part of Ottoman governmentality. Those who could shape how the official correspondence was constructed gained advantage in local political economy. Such correspondence was an essential component of how provincial Ottoman government functioned; therefore, reports, petitions, false accusations, and interrogations became important tools for agents and groups who were engaged in hegemonic negotiations. Both elite and non-elite agents were able to utilize Ottoman governance to pursue their own strategies against other local agents or imperial government. People who refused to use these bureaucratic tools in making claims and negotiating were presented in this correspondence as defiant stubborn and violent. This perspective is critical of the state–society divide, as the case studies reveal a more complex singular government of state and society.
Conference papers on the topic "False Refusal"
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Da Silva Junior, Daniel, Aline Paes, and Daniel De Oliveira. "Predição de Falhas em Workflows Científicos em Nuvens baseada em Aprendizado de Máquina." In XI Brazilian e-Science Workshop. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/bresci.2017.9923.
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Os cientistas cada vez mais têm se apoiado em ferramentas computacionais para executar e analisar experimentos científicos, almejando reduzir esforços e custos para comprovar ou refutar hipóteses. Entretanto, recursos podem ser desperdiçados se os parâmetros usados nas aplicações fizerem com que a execução do experimento falhe. Assim, para diminuir a quantidade de execuções que resultam em falha, este artigo propõe a integração de uma técnica de Aprendizado de Máquina com um Sistema de Gerência de Workflows Científicos para induzir um modelo preditivo de falhas, a partir de dados de proveniência. Resultados experimentais mostram que o modelo é capaz de identificar corretamente casos de falha no Workflow Científico SciPhy.