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Koutsoukou-Argyraki, Angeliki Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kohlenbach, Falset Jesus [Akademischer Betreuer] Garcia, and Keita [Akademischer Betreuer] Yokoyama. "Proof Mining for Nonlinear Operator Theory: Four Case Studies on Accretive Operators, the Cauchy Problem and Nonexpansive Semigroups / Angeliki Koutsoukou-Argyraki ; Ulrich Kohlenbach, Jesus Garcia Falset, Keita Yokoyama." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128310058/34.
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Martínez, Elcacho Albert. "«Pro crosis argenti». La plata al comtat de les Muntanyes de Prades i baronia d’Entença en època del comte Pere (1342-1358) : regulació, gestió i rendiment de les mines de Falset." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284994.
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A mitjan segle XIV, es va potenciar l’explotació minera de l’argent al comtat de les Muntanyes de Prades i baronia d’Entença. Aquest domini comtal, creat l’any 1324, conformava un conjunt territorial i senyorial indivisible sota la regència d’un únic senyor. En aquest marc ampli, l’explotació del metall noble es va desenvolupar especialment al voltant de la ciutat que exercia la capitalitat administrativa del domini: Falset (el Priorat, Catalunya). De fet, hi va haver un boom de l’explotació d’argent en una zona de llarga tradició minera en la producció, sobretot, de plom. Precisament, l’explotació de la galena i el plom s’estenia i havia estat important des d’antic al territori que abraça l’àrea del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable que es focalitzessin els esforços en l’explotació de l’argent en aquesta zona a mitjan segle XIV va ser, sens dubte, el segon comte de Prades: l’infant Pere d’Aragó, fill del monarca Jaume II d’Aragó i Blanca d’Anjou. El qual, de fet, va ser comte de les Muntanyes de Prades des del 1342 fins al 1358. Així doncs, en la present tesi doctoral, es treballen diversos aspectes relacionats amb l’activitat minera i metal·lúrgica de l’argent que es va desenvolupar a Falset mentre va ser comte de Prades l’infant Pere. De fet, el tema s’aborda de forma exhaustiva i des d’una perspectiva àmplia. Ara bé, per centrar el treball, s’analitzen tres àmbits temàtics bàsics: la regulació normativa de l’explotació de l’argent, la gestió i organització estructural de l’activitat i, finalment, la producció de les mines. Així, essencialment a partir de la transcripció i l’anàlisi acurat de documentació conservada a l’Arxiu Ducal de Medinaceli a Catalunya, s’articulen els diferents apartats. Els quals van desgranant cadascun dels temes tractats.A mediados del siglo XIV, se potenció la explotación minera de la plata en el Condado de las Montañas de Prades y Baronía de Entenza. Este dominio condal, creado en 1324, conformaba un conjunto territorial y señorial indivisible bajo la regencia de un único señor. En este marco amplio, la explotación del metal noble tuvo lugar especialmente en el área de influencia de la ciudad que ejercía la capitalidad administrativa del dominio: Falset (el Priorat, Cataluña). De hecho, hubo un boom de la explotación de plata en una zona de larga tradición minera en la producción, sobretodo, de plomo. Precisamente, la explotación de la galena y el plomo se desarrollaba y había sido importante desde antaño en el territorio que abarca el área del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable de que se focalizaran los esfuerzos en la explotación de la plata en esta zona a mediados del XIV fue, sin duda, el segundo conde de Prades: el infante Pedro de Aragón, hijo del monarca Jaime II de Aragón y Blanca de Anjou. Éste, en realidad, fue conde de las Montañas de Prades desde 1342 hasta 1358. Por lo tanto, en la presente tesis doctoral, se trabajan diversos aspectos relacionados con la actividad minera y metalúrgica de la plata que se desarrolló en Falset mientras fue conde de Prades el infante Pedro. De hecho, el tema se aborda de forma exhaustiva y desde una perspectiva amplia. Aún así, para centrar el trabajo, se analizan tres ámbitos temáticos básicos: la regulación normativa de la explotación de la plata, la gestión y organización estructural de la actividad y, finalmente, la producción de las minas. De este modo, esencialmente a partir de la transcripción y el análisis detallado de la documentación conservada en el Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli en Cataluña, se articulan los diferentes apartados. Los cuales van desgranando cada uno de los temas tratados.
In the mid 14th century, silver mining exploitation was boosted and strengthened in the County of Prades Mountains and Barony of Entença. This dominion, which was created in 1324, was a territorially and lordly indivisible ensemble under the rule of only one lord. In this broad frame, the noble metal exploitation was specially developed in the zone of influence of Falset (Priorat, Catalonia). This city was the administrative capital of the wide dominion. In fact, there was a boom in silver exploitation in an area where lead production, above all, had been developed for a long time. Precisely, galena and lead exploitation had been important in the area made up of Molar–Bellmunt–Falset territory, where this activity had been present since Prehistory. Without a doubt, the second count of Prades was the main responsible for focusing all the efforts in silver exploitation in this area in the mid 14th century. He is usually called Infante Peter of Aragon, because he was King James II of Aragon and Blanca of Anjou’s son. In fact, this infante was count of Prades Mountains from 1342 to 1358. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis deals with several aspects related to silver mining and metallurgy which were developed in Falset while Infante Peter was count of Prades. Actually, this subject is covered in a thorough way and from a broad perspective. Nevertheless, three main issues are analysed in order to focus attention on this subject: silver exploitation ordinances, administration and structural organization of the activity and, finally, mines production. In this way, the different book sections are primarily organised using the information obtained by transcribing and studying documents from Medinaceli’s Ducal Archive in Catalonia.
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Martínez, i. Elcacho Albert. "«Pro crosis argenti». La plata al comtat de les Muntanyes de Prades i baronia d’Entença en època del comte Pere (1342-1358) : regulació, gestió i rendiment de les mines de Falset." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284994.
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A mitjan segle XIV, es va potenciar l’explotació minera de l’argent al comtat de les Muntanyes de Prades i baronia d’Entença. Aquest domini comtal, creat l’any 1324, conformava un conjunt territorial i senyorial indivisible sota la regència d’un únic senyor. En aquest marc ampli, l’explotació del metall noble es va desenvolupar especialment al voltant de la ciutat que exercia la capitalitat administrativa del domini: Falset (el Priorat, Catalunya). De fet, hi va haver un boom de l’explotació d’argent en una zona de llarga tradició minera en la producció, sobretot, de plom. Precisament, l’explotació de la galena i el plom s’estenia i havia estat important des d’antic al territori que abraça l’àrea del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable que es focalitzessin els esforços en l’explotació de l’argent en aquesta zona a mitjan segle XIV va ser, sens dubte, el segon comte de Prades: l’infant Pere d’Aragó, fill del monarca Jaume II d’Aragó i Blanca d’Anjou. El qual, de fet, va ser comte de les Muntanyes de Prades des del 1342 fins al 1358. Així doncs, en la present tesi doctoral, es treballen diversos aspectes relacionats amb l’activitat minera i metal·lúrgica de l’argent que es va desenvolupar a Falset mentre va ser comte de Prades l’infant Pere. De fet, el tema s’aborda de forma exhaustiva i des d’una perspectiva àmplia. Ara bé, per centrar el treball, s’analitzen tres àmbits temàtics bàsics: la regulació normativa de l’explotació de l’argent, la gestió i organització estructural de l’activitat i, finalment, la producció de les mines. Així, essencialment a partir de la transcripció i l’anàlisi acurat de documentació conservada a l’Arxiu Ducal de Medinaceli a Catalunya, s’articulen els diferents apartats. Els quals van desgranant cadascun dels temes tractats.A mediados del siglo XIV, se potenció la explotación minera de la plata en el Condado de las Montañas de Prades y Baronía de Entenza. Este dominio condal, creado en 1324, conformaba un conjunto territorial y señorial indivisible bajo la regencia de un único señor. En este marco amplio, la explotación del metal noble tuvo lugar especialmente en el área de influencia de la ciudad que ejercía la capitalidad administrativa del dominio: Falset (el Priorat, Cataluña). De hecho, hubo un boom de la explotación de plata en una zona de larga tradición minera en la producción, sobretodo, de plomo. Precisamente, la explotación de la galena y el plomo se desarrollaba y había sido importante desde antaño en el territorio que abarca el área del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable de que se focalizaran los esfuerzos en la explotación de la plata en esta zona a mediados del XIV fue, sin duda, el segundo conde de Prades: el infante Pedro de Aragón, hijo del monarca Jaime II de Aragón y Blanca de Anjou. Éste, en realidad, fue conde de las Montañas de Prades desde 1342 hasta 1358. Por lo tanto, en la presente tesis doctoral, se trabajan diversos aspectos relacionados con la actividad minera y metalúrgica de la plata que se desarrolló en Falset mientras fue conde de Prades el infante Pedro. De hecho, el tema se aborda de forma exhaustiva y desde una perspectiva amplia. Aún así, para centrar el trabajo, se analizan tres ámbitos temáticos básicos: la regulación normativa de la explotación de la plata, la gestión y organización estructural de la actividad y, finalmente, la producción de las minas. De este modo, esencialmente a partir de la transcripción y el análisis detallado de la documentación conservada en el Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli en Cataluña, se articulan los diferentes apartados. Los cuales van desgranando cada uno de los temas tratados.
In the mid 14th century, silver mining exploitation was boosted and strengthened in the County of Prades Mountains and Barony of Entença. This dominion, which was created in 1324, was a territorially and lordly indivisible ensemble under the rule of only one lord. In this broad frame, the noble metal exploitation was specially developed in the zone of influence of Falset (Priorat, Catalonia). This city was the administrative capital of the wide dominion. In fact, there was a boom in silver exploitation in an area where lead production, above all, had been developed for a long time. Precisely, galena and lead exploitation had been important in the area made up of Molar–Bellmunt–Falset territory, where this activity had been present since Prehistory. Without a doubt, the second count of Prades was the main responsible for focusing all the efforts in silver exploitation in this area in the mid 14th century. He is usually called Infante Peter of Aragon, because he was King James II of Aragon and Blanca of Anjou’s son. In fact, this infante was count of Prades Mountains from 1342 to 1358. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis deals with several aspects related to silver mining and metallurgy which were developed in Falset while Infante Peter was count of Prades. Actually, this subject is covered in a thorough way and from a broad perspective. Nevertheless, three main issues are analysed in order to focus attention on this subject: silver exploitation ordinances, administration and structural organization of the activity and, finally, mines production. In this way, the different book sections are primarily organised using the information obtained by transcribing and studying documents from Medinaceli’s Ducal Archive in Catalonia.
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Moraes, Daniel Bastos 1987. "Low false positive learning with support vector machines = Máquina de vetores de suporte com restrição de falsos positivos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275518.
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Orientadores: Anderson de Rezende Rocha, Jacques WainerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T22:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_DanielBastos_M.pdf: 2454286 bytes, checksum: e130cab62fb4ac89706094d28e14ebb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A maioria dos sistemas de aprendizado de máquina para classificação binaria é treinado usando algoritmos que maximizam a acurácia e assume que falsos positivos e falsos negativos sao igualmente ruins. Entretanto, em muitas aplicações, estes dois tipos de erro podem ter custos bem diferentes. Por exemplo, em aplicações de triagem médica, determinar erroneamente que um paciente é saudavel e muito mais sério que determinar erroneamente que ele tem uma certa condição médica. Neste trabalho, nós abordamos o problema de controlar a taxa de falsos positivos em Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte (SVMs), uma vez que sua formulação tradicional não provê garantias desse tipo. Para resolver esse problema, definimos uma area sensível no espaço de características onde a probabilidade de falsos positivos é mais alta e usamos um segundo classificador (k-vizinhos mais próximos) nesta área para melhor filtrar os erros e melhorar o processo de tomada de decisão. Nós comparamos a solução proposta com outros métodos do estado da arte para classificação com baixa taxa de falsos positivos usando 33 conjuntos de dados comuns na literatura. A solução proposta mostra melhor performance na grande maioria dos casos usando a métrica padrão de Neyman-Pearson
Abstract: Most machine learning systems for binary classification are trained using algorithms that maximize the accuracy and assume that false positives and false negatives are equally bad. However, in many applications, these two types of errors may have very different costs. For instance, in medical screening applications, falsely determining that a patient is healthy is much more serious than falsely determining that she has a certain medical condition. In this work, we consider the problem of controlling the false positive rate on Support Vector Machines, since its traditional formulation does not offer such assurance. To solve this problem, we define a feature space sensitive area, where the probability of having false positives is higher, and use a second classifier (k-Nearest Neighbors) in this area to better filter errors and improve the decision-making process. We compare the proposed solution to other state-of-the-art methods for low false positive classification using 33 standard datasets in the literature. The solution we propose shows better performance in the vast majority of the cases using the standard Neyman-Pearson measure
Mestrado
Ciência da Computação
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Carlbaum, Michaela, and Mikaela Nordström. "Bakgrundsbrusets effekt på kognitiv prestation samt skapandet av falska minnen : Om bullrets inverkan i öppna kontorsmiljöer." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12429.
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This study aimed to explore how 31 collage students' cognitive performance and their ability to create false memories were affected by the exposure of an extraneous background noise. The studies main hypotheses were based on previous research on how extraneous noise affect the cognitive ability and the creation of false memories: 1) that an extraneous background noise increases the ability to create false memories, 2) that an extraneous background noise impairs the learning of cognitive information, 3) that an extraneous background noise contributes to an increased representation of fictional words, 4) that an extraneous background noise impedes the ability to understand speech . The results showed a tendency in which false memories increased in the condition without background noise, a result which goes in the opposite direction of the hypothesis. Furthermore, the result supported the hypothesis that the extraneous background noise impairs the learning of cognitive information. The results also showed that there was no effect between the conditions regarding the representation of fictional information. However, the result confirmed the hypothesis that a background noise impedes the ability to understand speech. The authors believe that studies like this are of great importance to the debate about how noise in open plan offices affect people's performance and the appearance of error information.Denna studie grundar sig på en undersökning om hur 31 högskolestudenters kognitiva prestation, samt förmåga att skapa falska minnen påverkades av ett ovidkommande bakgrundsbrus. Studiens huvudsakliga hypoteser utformades utifrån tidigare forskning om hur ovidkommande ljudkällor påverkar den kognitiva förmågan samt inverkar på skapandet av falska minnen; 1) att ett ovidkommande bakgrundsbrus ökar förmågan att skapa falska minnen, 2) att ett ovidkommande bakgrundsbrus försämrar inlärningen av kognitiv information, 3) att ett ovidkommande bakgrundsbrus bidrar till en ökad återgivning av påhittad information, 4) att ett ovidkommande bakgrundsbrus försvårar förmågan att uppfatta tal. Resultatet visade en tendens av att falska minnen ökade i betingelsen utan bakgrundsbrus vilket går i hypotesens motsatta riktning. Vidare gav resultatet stöd åt hypotesen att ovidkommande bakgrundsbrus försämrar inlärningen av kognitiv information. I resultatet framgick även att det inte förelåg någon effekt mellan betingelserna beträffande återgivningen av påhittad information. Däremot bekräftades författarnas hypotes att ett bakgrundsbrus försvårar förmågan att uppfatta tal. Författarna menar att studier likt denna är av stor betydelse för debatten kring hur buller i öppna kontorslandskap påverkar människors prestationsförmåga samt uppkomsten av fel information.
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Palma, Priscila de Camargo. "Estudo sobre as implicações da ansiedade social nas falsas memórias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-08102012-214238/.
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Os processos mnemônicos são responsáveis por manter a qualidade e estabilidade de vida de todos os seres humanos, porém pesquisas vêm mostrando ao longo do tempo, que tais processos podem apresentar erros e distorções que podem mudar o curso de nossa vida. As falsas memórias são as recordações de situações, eventos que na realidade não ocorreram exatamente como nos recordamos. Inicialmente acreditava-se que eventos vividos e que possuíssem carga emocional associada, não eram passíveis de distorção, porém já se sabe que tais premissas não são necessariamente verdadeiras. Além disso, o nível de desajustamento e instabilidade emocional interfere para um maior número de falsas memórias. A ansiedade é uma resposta adaptativa, normal e passa a ser patológica quando é desproporcional diante da situação desencadeante. Quando a ansiedade é muito intensa, tende a gerar prejuízos em todas as esferas da vida, esta ansiedade adquire um significado clínico. Dentro os transtornos de ansiedade há um diagnóstico bastante prevalente chamado de Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS). O presente trabalho visou comparar participantes adultos portadores de TAS e participantes adultos sem estes sintomas, investigando o efeito da emoção na performance da memória, para um evento testemunhado. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi utilizada uma sequência de onze slides, acompanhados por duas versões narrativas, sendo uma sem impacto e outra carregada emocionalmente, além de uma Escala Subjetiva de Emoção e um teste de Memória autoaplicativo. O estudo contou com 137 participantes, que foram divididos em quatro grupos: indivíduos sem transtorno de ansiedade e narrativa sem impacto emocional, indivíduos sem transtorno de ansiedade e narrativa com impacto emocional, indivíduos com transtorno de ansiedade e narrativa sem impacto emocional e indivíduos com transtorno de ansiedade e narrativa com impacto emocional. Foram realizadas análises paramétricas utilizando as análises de Variância (ANOVA). Todos os tratamentos estatísticos utilizaram um < 0,05 para o teste de hipóteses e testes post hoc com correção para Bonferroni para identificar as possíveis diferenças encontradas. Os resultados sugerem que os participantes portadores de TAS, os quais foram submetidos à versão sem impacto emocional, obtiveram índices maiores de memória verdadeira, porém apresentaram também índices superiores de falsas memórias, em função do viés atencional característico desta população, sugerindo que a ansiedade social tem uma ação significativa sobre a performance de memória.Mnemonic processes are responsible for keeping all human beings life quality and stability. However, research has shown that such processes can present mistakes and distortions which can change the course of life. False memories are memories of situations and events that did not happen exactly as remembered. At first, it was believed that events which happened and had an associated emotional load could not be distorted; however it is now known that such premise is not necessarily true. Moreover, it is known that the level of disadjustment and emotional instability interfere for a greater number of false memories. Anxiety is a normal adaptive response but it becomes pathologic when it is not proportional to the triggering situation. When anxiety is too intense, it tends to harm all spheres of life, and it acquires a clinical meaning. Amongst the anxiety disorders, there is a prevalent diagnosis called Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). This study aims to compare adult participants who suffer from this problem with adult participants who do not have these symptoms, investigating the effect of emotion in memory performance for an event witnessed. To develop this study, a sequence of eleven slides was used, followed by two narrative versions, one with emotional impact and the other without, besides the Subjective Scale of Emotion, a self-test for memory. The study had 137 participants, who were divided into four groups: individuals who do not suffer from the disorder and emotionally loaded narrative, individuals who do not suffer from the disorder and narrative without emotional load, individuals who suffer from the disorder and emotionally loaded narrative, individuals who suffer from the disorder and narrative without emotional load. Parametrical analysis was carried out using the Variance analysis (ANOVA). All the statistical treatments used an < 0,05 for the hypothesis test and post hoc tests with correction for Bonferroni to identify the possible differences found. The results suggest that participants with SAD who were submitted to a version without emotional impact had higher rates of real memories, according to attentional bias characteristic of this population. Besides, the participants who suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) had higher rates of false memories who were submitted to a version without emotional impact, suggesting that emotion acted as a protection and suggesting that the social anxiety has a significant action over memory performance.
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Meyerson, D. "False consciousness." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375992.
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Holmberg, Anna. "Jämförelse av statiska kodanalysverktyg : En fallstudie om statiska kodanalysverktygs förmåga att hitta sårbarheter i kod." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35593.
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Security deficiencies that occur in web applications can have major consequences. PHP is a language that is often used for web applications and it places high demands on how the language is used to ensure it is safe. There are several features in PHP that should be handled with care to avoid security flaws. Static code analysis can help find vulnerabilities in code, but there are some drawbacks that can occur with static code analysis tools. One disadvantage is false positives which means that the tool reports vulnerabilities that do not exist. There are also false negatives which means the tool cannot find the vulnerability at all which can lead to a false sense of security for the user of the tool. With the help of completed test cases, three tools have been investigated in a case study to find out if the tools differ in their ability to avoid false positives and false negatives. The study also examines whether the tools' rules consider the PHP language's vulnerable functions. To answer the research question, a document collection was conducted to obtain information about the tools and various vulnerabilities. The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of static code analysis tools to find PHP code vulnerabilities. The tools that were investigated were SonarQube, Visual Code Grepper (VCG) and Exakat. The study's analysis shows that VCG found the most vulnerabilities but failed to avoid false positive vulnerabilities. Exakat had zero false positives but could not avoid false negatives to the same extent as VCG. SonarQube avoided all false positives but did not find any of the vulnerabilities tested in the test cases. According to the rules of the tools, VCG had more consideration for the risky functions found in PHP. The study's results show that the tools' ability to avoid false positives and false negatives differed and their adaptation to the PHP language's vulnerable functions.Säkerhetsbrister som förekommer i webbapplikationer kan leda till stora konsekvenser. PHP är ett språk som ofta används för webbapplikationer och det ställer höga krav på hur språket används för att det ska vara säkert. Det finns flera funktioner i PHP som bör hanteras varsamt för att inte säkerhetsbrister ska uppstå. Statisk kodanalys kan hjälpa till med att hitta sårbarheter i kod men det finns vissa nackdelar som kan uppkomma med statiska kodanalysverktyg. En nackdel är falska positiva vilket betyder att verktyget rapporterar in sårbarheter som inte finns. Det finns också falska negativa som betyder att verktyget inte hittar sårbarheten alls vilket kan leda till en falsk trygghetskänsla för användaren av verktyget. Med hjälp av färdiga testfall så har tre verktyg utretts i en fallstudie för att ta reda på om verktygen skiljer sig i sin förmåga till att undvika falska positiva och falska negativa. Studien undersöker också om verktygens regler tar PHP-språkets sårbara funktioner i beaktning. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågan har en dokumentsinsamling genomförts för att få information om verktygen och olika sårbarheter. Studiens syfte är att jämföra statiska kodanalysverktygs förmåga att hitta sårbarheter i PHP-kod. De verktyg som utreddes var SonarQube, Visual Code Grepper (VCG) och Exakat. Studiens analys visar att VCG hittade mest sårbarheter men lyckades inte undvika falska positiva sårbarheter. Exakat hade noll falska positiva men kunde inte undvika falska negativa i lika stor utsträckning som VCG. SonarQube undvek alla falska positiva men hittade inte någon av de sårbarheter som testades i testfallen. Enligt verktygens regler visade sig VCG ta mest hänsyn till de riskfyllda funktioner som finns i PHP. Studiens resultat visar att verktygens förmåga att undvika falska positiva och falska negativa och deras anpassning för PHP språkets sårbara funktioner skiljde sig åt.
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Eaton, Kate. "False alarms and false excursions : translating Virgilio Piñera for performance." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610959.
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Thorley, Craig. "Collaborative false remembering." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507291.
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Matheson, Mark Philip. "Inducing false memories." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266976.
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Olsson, Nina, and Nikje Anisha Etekal. "Köpcentrumsteori : Fallet Galleria Duvan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14387.
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The demand for shopping centers has increased in recent time and more shopping centers have been built. To become competitive shopping centers has evolved to become more than just a place for shopping. In the recent past Galleria Duvan in Karlstad has been run by foreign owners who has not been involved or renovated the shopping center. During the spring of 2011 AlbérFastigheter bought Galleria Duvan and they are now renovating and negotiating new deals with the tenants. Our problem has led us to the following question: How can a centrally located shopping center, such as Galleria Duvan, develop a strategy to strengthen their position on the market. We answered this question by looking up relevant theories, such as Christallers central place theory and Hotellings theory on minimal differentiation and agglomeration. These are older theories. Newer theories focus on for instance tenant mix, experiences in a shopping center, customer draw and anchor tenants. These theories stress that the customers find it important that the shopping center offer a positive experience besides just shopping. In addition to the theories we decided to do a survey as well as two personal interviews to find out what views Galleria Duvan’s management and consumers has on the subject. Our outcome show that if Galleria Duvan chooses their tenant mix based on what the consumers demand they can develop a stronger position the market. The tenant mix should include stores which are not currently established in Karlstad and especially not established at Bergvik shopping center as they are Galleria Duvans biggest competitor.
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Brown, Martha L. "False memory production : effects of self-consistent false information and motivated cognition /." This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151732/.
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Brown, Martha. "False memory production: effects of self-consistent false information and motivated cognition." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38035.
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Remembrance of one's personal past and the development of false memories have recently received intense public scrutiny. Based upon self-schema (Markus, 1977) and self-verification (Swann, 1987) theories, two studies were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that a self-schema guides cognitive processing of self-relevant information and thereby influences the construction of a memory that includes false information, particularly more so if this information is self-schema consistent than inconsistent. Study 2 also investigated the hypothesis that the cognitive processing goal of understanding a negative outcome (motivated cognition) would interact with self-consistent expectations to enhance the likelihood that a false memory would be created. Self-schematic Type A and Type B individuals (only self-schematic Type A individuals participated in Study 2) participated in a team problem solving task (the to-be-remembered event) and returned a week later for a "questionnaire" session during which a narrative was read that contained self-consistent or self-discrepant false information. In both studies, chi-square analyses showed participants given self-consistent false information were more likely to report this information on a recall and a recognition test than were participants given self-discrepant false information.
Study 2 included team performance feedback (failure or neutral), which was presented just before participants read the narrative containing the false information. The purpose of this procedure was to assess the moderating effect of motivated cognitive processes on the acceptance of self-consistent false information on memory. A loglinear analysis provided confirmation for the expected interaction. The following pattern was obtained for false recall and false self-description (description of team problem solving behavior using the false information trait adjectives): Consistent/failure > Consistent/neutral > Discrepant/neutral = Discrepant/failure. Unexpectedly, this pattern was not obtained on the recognition test data.
These findings expand current understanding of processes that contribute to the production of a false memory and extend the traditional, post event false information paradigm. The results are discussed in the context of the false memory debate and future research directions are noted.Ph. D.
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Malone, Catherine. "False memory and depression." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577546.
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The main aim of the present thesis was to investigate the effects of depression on the creation of false memories. Across four experiments the parameters of the Deese (1959), Roediger and McDermott (1995) paradigm (DRM) were manipulated. The DRM paradigm is a robust method for inducing false memories in participants and has been used widely to investigate false memory over the past 20 years (see Gallo, 2006). In the first experiment an effect of induced mood on performance in the DRM/ was established. That is, participants in an experimentally induced positive mood were more likely to falsely recognise neutral words than participants in an experimentally induced negative mood. This provided further justification for investigating mood and the creation of false memories and led onto expanding the research to participants diagnosed with depression. Experiment 2 used a recognition task with positive, negative and depression relevant word lists and compared participants diagnosed with depression and matched controls. This experiment demonstrated that participants with depression were no less accurate for true recognition than matched controls, across all word types. However elevated levels of false recognition for depression relevant words in participants diagnosed with depression was discovered. Experiment 3 used a directed forgetting task in combination with the DRM paradigm. Here it was discovered that participants diagnosed with depression were more likely to falsely recall the critical lure if they were directed to forget the related word list, significantly more so than matched controls. In addition participants diagnosed with depression were significantly more likely to recall the critical lure later in the recall sequence than matched controls under forget instructions only. The final empirical study investigated personal relevance and arousal of the particular words and lists used. Participants diagnosed with depression produced lowered levels of true recognition compared to non- depressed matched controls, but no significant difference between false recognition levels was found. There was a trend towards mood congruent effects however, where participants were more likely to misidentify depression relevant critical lures if they were diagnosed with depression. Overall, participants were also more likely to correctly and falsely recognise words if they were negatively valenced. The over arching conclusions of the research conducted within this thesis are that participants with depression are not necessarily displaying global deficits in terms of memory production, however their memory traces are vulnerable to certain manipulations of experimental design, particularly for tasks that require greater levels of cognitive control. In addition, it appears that mood congruent words and concepts may be more vulnerable to false memory errors in participants diagnosed with depression.
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Derbish, Mary. "Are false memories adaptive?" Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543963.
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Vega, Karjalainen Fabián Andrés. "Bounderby and False Consciousness." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27246.
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Skålén, Mikael. "Plats och entreprenörskap : fallet Åre." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149965.
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This licentiate thesis examines why Åre, the premium skiresort of Sweden, is so successful inproducing new small and medium sized firms. Since the 1980s, Åre has been among the highestranked Swedish municipalities when it comes to new firm formation, and their survial rateis better than in the rest of the country. Åre is situated in the interior north of Sweden, and isthe only comparable municipality in that part of the country that has increased its popultion inrecent years. Other similar municipalities are facing a heavy decline in population. Åre has along history in the tourist industry and most newly started firms are connected to this industry.Some 450 000 visitors come annually, mainly in the wintertime, to experience Åre, which hasthereby developed into a local market with demand on a broad range of products and services.The aim with the licentiate thesis is to analyse what is causing the entrepreneurial processthat is taking place in Åre. The theoretical point of departure is found in theories of contemporaryeconomic geography with concepts like social capital, cluster and ”creative class” formingthe framework for the analysis. Path-dependence theory is also in focus when it comes tounderstanding the importance of local history and its footprint of today.The main data used in the thesis come from 34 semi-structured interviews with companyowners/managers representing private firms in Åre. Only individuals that have started theirbusiness or taken over the firm from a family member have been of interest in the study. Thepurpose is to get close to the persons behind the business and reveal why they became entrepreneursin the local context. The mainly qualitative analysis of the interview material is supplementedby a statistical analysis where a) Åre is compared with other similar municipalitiesin Sweden concerning for example the development of new business or unemployment rates.And b) where all individuals who have lived in Åre during the period of 1990-2008 are analyzedusing different variables concerning socio-economic background and occupation.The thesis shows the importance of the attraction to the local environment where newfirms are formed as a result of a strong local market and an positive entrepreneurial atmospherethat exists in Åre. Entrepreneurs in Åre have a diverse background, but with the passionfor skiing or outdoor activities as common denominators. Another important factor is thegathering of local actors in the destination around a future oriented vision that unites them.
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Stjernlöf, Martin, and Niclas Thofelt. "Belöningssystem som motivationsfaktor : Fallet Scania." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4890.
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Problem Belöningssystem används av företag för att motivera de anställda och därmed även öka effektiviseringen i verksamheten. Att ta fram ett bra belöningssystem är inte alltid så enkelt och det finns ett antal problem företaget måste ta ställning till. Ska Scania använda sig av individ- eller gruppbaserat belöningssystem och ska man skilja på belöningar mellan personal på olika nivåer då de kan ha annorlunda värderingar på vad som är bra belöningar. Hur har Scania valt att göra och hur motiveras de anställda av detta? Syfte Syftet är att undersöka hur motiverade de anställda i Scania blir av det existerande belöningssystemet och hur systemet skulle kunna förändras för att öka motivationen. Vi har även som mål att ta reda på om synen på belöningssystem skiljer sig på olika nivåer i företaget. Metod
Undersökningen har genomförts i form av en fallstudie på företaget Scania. Intervjuer har använts för att sammanställa empirikapitlet. Vi har valt att använda oss av sekundärdata till teoriavsnittet i uppsatsen.Resultat I undersökningen framgick det att uppskattning och stimulerande arbetsuppgifter är den största faktorn till motivation hos de anställda på Scania. Scania erbjuder sina anställda en mängd olika förmåner som vi upplevde var mycket uppskattade men de flesta tog det för givet och såg det inte som belöningar. Synen på vad ett bra belöningssystem är skiljde sig åt beroende på vilken lönenivå den anställde hade. Det framgick i undersökningen att de som tjänade bättre inte prioriterade monetära belöningar i samma utsträckning som de med lägre inkomst utan var mer intresserade av andra belöningar och förmåner. De verkstadsanställda hade synpunkter på AV-trappan då de kände sig begränsade inom trappan och efterfrågade en mer individuell lönesättning. Tjänstemännen efterfrågade en mer begriplig lönesättning.
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Berisha, Shqiperie. "Korruptionssyndrom och bekämpningsstrategier : fallet Albanien." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43638.
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Corruption is a very broad definition which is not easy to define. It happens due to the phenomenon’s complexity and its many different forms and syndromes. Before fighting corruption it is therefore necessary to find its roots and form. Furthermore, many countries aspire today for a better democracy but find visible barriers on their ways in a form of corruption i.a. Albania, a European country, which intends to follow path towards the European Union. The aim of this thesis is to provide for a reader a contextual presentation and identification of Albania’s corruption syndrome and the country’s way of fighting this negative phenomenon. For the identification of Albania’s corruption I used Michael Johnston’s analysis and his categorisation of Albania and its belonging to the group ”Oligarchs and Clans” which is a corruption syndrome with its typical symptomes. For strategies against corruption I used some aspects written by professor Claes Sandgren, which also have been emphasized from other scientists. Finally I applied this information on Albania’s situation to answer my questions. The results show that Albania still has the “Oligarch & Clan” – corruption syndrome and has done some reforms and changes that have reduced corruption. Nevertheless Albania still has much to overcome and improve in its overall system in order to come closer to the European Union and finally become its member, which so far has not brought good results.
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Uras, Amanda, and Maria Rodriguez. "Integrationspolitik och boendesegregation : - Fallet Västerås." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29830.
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The aim of this paper is to find out how the segregation appears in Sweden today and how it arises. We also want to find out in what way the integration policy contributes to the segregation. Eventually we want to see if segregation really is as problematic as it is often portrayed. To achieve the aim of this study, we have made a secondary analysis of a report and literature that are suited to our work. We have selected four neighborhoods in the swedish city Västerås that we believe fits within the term segregation. What we found out is that the four neighborhoods have the highest percent of a low income, high unemployment and children living in poverty. The problem of segregation is what characterizes it. We could see a pattern that there are many people with a foreign background who lives in those neighborhoods and it is a result of the integrations policy. Including the EBO-law that lets the refugees choose where they want to live. In many cases do they choose to live where they can afford and close to their family and friends, and they tend to stay there. We think that it has been very interesting to find out what various political scientists say about the different integrations policy models. They are not completely satisfied with any of the integration models. Social mixing is negative because that it leads to a big difference between the people in the area, it will be a huge contrast between the wealthy and those who is not. Multiculturalism can lead to dissatisfaction among the dominant population and assimilation do not allow people to express their cultural features in public.
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Lowén, Alexander. "REFLEXIV KONTROLL OCH FALLET UKRAINA : -." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-8603.
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An annexation of landmasses or parts of another country is nowadays a rare case. However, Russia managed to annex parts of Ukraine after a violent and complicated conflict in 2014. There are several different theories and methods of describing Russian warfare and some of them even originate from Russia itself. This paper aims to apply the Reflexive Control theory, which originated in Russia, and see how well it accounts Russian actions in Ukraine. The analyzation of this theory is necessary because after the annexation of Crimea there has been an increasing interest to describe Russian actions in the science of war discussions. This is done by first describing different theorists’ approaches and views on the theory and then constructing a template from which this thesis’ analysis is concluded. There are four major contributors to the theory, all of which differ slightly in their description of the theory. This paper concludes that patterns of Reflexive Control may have been implemented during the conflict in Ukraine. These patterns may also have been present before the conflict, after the annexation and up to present day.-
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Ahlm-Marklund, Malin. "Överklagbart förvaltningsbeslut? : Fallet med nyckelbiotopsregistreringarna." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79673.
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Förvaltningsmyndigheter intar i skilda sammanhang och på varierande sätt ställningstaganden för hur enskilda förväntas agera i olika situationer. Med anledning av en myndighets uttalanden kan frågan om myndighetens ställningstagande är ett överklagbart beslut uppkomma. För att detta ska vara fallet krävs, oavsett hur ställningstagandet har rubricerats, att myndighetens ståndpunkt har en påvisbar effekt för den som berörs. Skogsstyrelsen är en av Sveriges förvaltningsmyndigheter. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att utreda om Skogsstyrelsens registrering av nyckelbiotoper är ett överklagbart beslut. Enligt myndigheten handlar registreringen av nyckelbiotoper i förvaltningsrättslig mening om faktiskt handlande och syftet med registreringen är att den ska utgöra ett kunskapsunderlag och inte vara bestämmande för den enskilde. Analysen av underättsavgörandena visar att skogsägarna inte delar Skogsstyrelsens inställning. Skogsägarna menar att nyckelbiotopregistreringen medför äganderättsliga konsekvenser för dem i form av att det ekonomiska värdet på deras skogsfastigheter påverkas. Detta då de frivilliga certifieringar som finns i dag hindrar virkesköpare från att köpa virke från en nyckelbiotop. Förevarande rättsutredning visar att rättsläget fortfarande är oklart avseende om registreringen av nyckelbiotoper är ett överklagbart beslut.
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Newring, Kirk Allen Brunswig. "Undue influence : the creation of false confessions and false witness statements in undergraduates /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3209135.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005."December, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-42). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Nilsson, Jonas. "Fallet Meursault och Främlingen -En jämförande analys av Kamel Daouds Fallet Meursault ochAlbert Camus Främlingen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-71929.
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Uppsatsen jämför Kamel Daouds Fallet Meursault och Albert Camus Främlingen ur de tre perspektiven berättarteknik, postkolonialt tänkande och livsåskådning. Syftet med jämförelsen är att se vilka likheter och skillnader som finns mellan verken, och då i första hand hur Fallet Meursault förhåller sig till Främlingen. Uppsatsen utgår från en komparativ metod utefter de aspekter som anges i syftet. Resultatet visar att Daouds Fallet Meursault i hög grad anspelar på CamusFrämlingen och kan ur ett postkolonialt perspektiv beskrivas som en form av writing back samtidigt som Daoud livsåskådningsmässigt kommer att ligga mycket nära Camus.
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Marques, Caio Augusto Nunes. "Monitoramento de processo seis sigma por gráficos de controle de Shewhart." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4073.
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Developed at Motorola in 1987 the Six Sigma methodology seeks, by reducing the variability of key-processes, obtain critical to quality characteristics (CTQs) with defect probabilities close to zero. It has a Six Sigma process when the distance between the CTQ s target value (VN) and its nearest specification limit, is equal or greater than six standards-deviations (σ). In practice, despite the big attention being paid to the process, the average of the CTQ s probabilities distribution is able to shift until 1,5σ from the target value which even so, the process will be considered Six Sigma. So there is an interval between 4,5 and 6σ in which the process can vary without losing the quality level considered as world class . Thus, in this study, aimed establishes recommendations for planning the Shewhart control charts ̅ and R for monitoring Six Sigma processes. To do so, it was established a reference performance in which it was assumed the joint probability of false alarm equal to or less than 0.01; and the joint probability of true alarm growing according the reduction of the process Sigma level, from 0 in 6σ processes to 0.10 in those 5σ, reaching 0.90 at 4.5σ processes until reaches the unit for 3σ processes and inferior. Accordingly, it were investigated plannings with combinations between n = 2, 3, 4 and 5 and k = 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 and 3.0. It was identified that the pair of graphs in question performed well when the process was only under the effect of average displacement and lost performance occurred the increase of the variation as the only disturbance present or when the two anomalies were acting. It was possibly identify that the average displacement is the most observed problem, the simultaneous occurrence of both anomalies is less frequent and exclusive presence of increased variation is rare. Therefore, it was recommended that planning with n = 5 and k = 2.9 for monitoring Six Sigma Practical processes (ie, with sigma level between 4.5 and 6σ), which performed well only when the process was mainly under the effect of the average displacement. However, it is expected a good performance of this planning when the process is mainly under the effect of the average displacement. Thus, it is likely that the processes quality level falls without any signal from the control charts in question to indicate quality loss due to the increase of the variation, with or without the presence of the average displacement.
Desenvolvida em 1987 na Motorola, a metodologia Seis Sigma busca, mediante redução na variabilidade dos processos-chave, obter características críticas para a qualidade (CTQs) com probabilidades de defeitos próximas de zero. Tem-se um processo Seis Sigma quando a distância entre o valor-alvo (VN) da CTQ e o limite de especificação mais próximo for igual ou superior a seis desvios-padrão (σ). Na prática, por maior que seja a atenção dispensada ao processo, a média da distribuição de probabilidades da CTQ pode deslocar em até 1,5σ do valor-alvo, que ainda assim o processo será considerado Seis Sigma. Então existe um intervalo de 4,5 a 6σ, no qual o processo pode variar sem que perca o nível de qualidade considerado de classe mundial . Desta forma, neste trabalho, buscou-se estabelecer recomendações para o planejamento de gráficos de controle de Shewhart ̅ e R para o monitoramento de processos Seis Sigma. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se um desempenho de referência no qual se admitiu a probabilidade do alarme falso conjunto igual ou inferior a 0,01; e a probabilidade do alarme verdadeiro conjunto crescendo de acordo com a redução do nível Sigma do processo, passando de 0 em processos 6σ para 0,10 naqueles 5σ, atingindo 0,90 em processos 4,5σ até atingir a unidade para processos 3σ e inferiores. Nesse sentido, investigou-se planejamentos com combinações entre n = 2, 3, 4 e 5 e k = 2,5, 2,6, 2,7, 2,8, 2,9 e 3,0. Identificou-se que o par de gráficos em questão apresentou bom desempenho quando o processo esteve sob efeito somente do deslocamento da média e perdeu desempenho à medida que ocorreu o aumento da variação como única perturbação ou quando as duas anomalias estiveram atuando. Foi possível identificar que o deslocamento da média é o problema mais observado, a ocorrência simultânea das duas anomalias é menos frequente e a presença exclusiva do aumento da variação é rara. Logo, recomendou-se o planejamento com n = 5 e k = 2,9, para o monitoramento de processos Seis Sigma Práticos (isto é, com nível sigma entre 4,5 e 6σ), que apresentou bom desempenho apenas quando o processo esteve principalmente sob efeito do deslocamento da média. Portanto, é provável que o nível de qualidade dos processos caia sem que os gráficos de controle em questão sinalizem a perda da qualidade em função do aumento da variação, com ou sem a presença do deslocamento da média.
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Flemming, Eva. "Genre ♥ Matris : sant eller falskt?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9291.
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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om det går att kombinera genrepedagogik och bedömningsmatriser och vilka för- och nackdelar det kan innebära för dels pedagogen, dels eleverna. Uppsatsen innehåller en sammanfattning av aktuell forskning på området. I studien presenteras en beskrivning av arbetet med cirkelmodellen kring den argumenterande genren parallellt med införandet av en bedömningsmatris i en grupp vuxenstuderande. Dessutom genomfördes en enkät med elevgruppen för att ta reda på deras åsikter om arbetet. Resultatet av den presenteras i studien. Undersökningens resultat visar att bedömningsmatriser och genrepedagogik är en gynnsam kombination, framförallt för pedagogen. Det är en bra grund för en systematisk och likvärdig bedömning av en grupps egenproducerade texter men även ett bra underlag för ett lärande samtal mellan pedagog och inlärare. Elevernas nytta av kombinationen blir större om matrisens innehåll är formulerat på en lämplig språklig nivå.
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Fors, Per. "Översättandet av grön IT : Fallet GITaudit." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179600.
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De senaste årtiondenas intensiva teknikutveckling har på många sätt inneburit att tillvaron förenklats för en stor del av västvärldens befolkning. Informationstekniken har effektiviserat industrin och gjort den till en mer dräglig arbetsplats för de som arbetar där. Den har även gjort vår vardag både enklare och roligare i och med smartphones, bärbara datorer och mp3-spelare. Något man tidigare inte reflekterar nog över är hur denna explosionsartade teknikutveckling och teknikkonsumtion påverkar vårt klimat och närmiljö. 2007 släppte Gartner Institutes en rapport som visade att IT står för nästan 2 % av världens totala koldioxidutsläpp (Mingay 2007). Flygindustrin som länge blivit kritiserad ur miljösynpunkt står för ungefär lika mycket. Detta tillsammans med att många företag framförallt i tjänstesektorn insett att drift av IT och annan teknisk utrustning kan kosta enorma summor pengar i elförbrukning har bidragit till att många har börjat att systematiskt arbeta med att minska dessa kostnader och samtidigt minska energiförbrukningen (Murugesan 2008). I och med detta har många insett att IT inte bara är en miljöbov utan även kan användas till att minska elförbrukningen i andra delar av till exempel en organisation. Styrning av belysning och ventilation är två exempel på detta. Utifrån detta har begreppet grön IT uppkommit. De två huvudaspekterna är kort beskrivna innan och brukar benämnas som greening of IT och greening by IT. Det finns egentligen inga vedertagna översättningar av dessa begrepp, men jag har valt att kalla dem miljöförbättring av IT respektive miljöförbättring med IT på grund av att detta är de begrepp som just nu används inom arbetsgruppen för SIS TK 550. Den förstnämnda avser framförallt tillverkning och disponering av IT-utrustning samt energieffektivisering av själva produkten medan den andra främst syftar till att ta upp möjligheterna med att använda IT som hjälpmedel när övriga delar av en organisation energieffektiviseras. De flesta anser att den senare har större potential i miljösynpunkt trots att detta är omtvistat, till exempel av Håkan Nordin. Håkan Nordin är en av de som var med och grundade Greenpeace Sverige och har även varit med och tagit fram de viktiga energi- och strålningscertifieringarna för bildskärmar åt TCO 1992 och nu senast 2003. Han har även givit ut boken “GREEN IT – From problem to possibility” och ger snart ut sin andra bok som kommer att fokusera på grön IT ur ett organisatoriskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. Den första boken fokuserar mer kring problematiken kring begreppet ur en privatpersons perspektiv. Håkan Nordin har bland andra varit en stor inspirationskälla när jag själv undersökt problematiken kring grön IT. Med det sagt har jag ingen personlig åsikt var krutet först och främst bör läggas, utan jag är intresserad av både miljöförbättring med och av IT. Förespråkarna av miljöförbättring med IT anser att miljöeffektivisering av IT endast kan bidra med en minskning av de 2 % av världens totala koldioxidutsläpp medan miljöeffektivisering med IT kan bidra med att minska resterande 98 %. Problemet som skeptikerna, däribland Håkan Nordin, ofta tar upp är att energieffektiviseringen som man tjänar in på att använda IT som miljöteknik bidrar till att utsläppen från IT-sektorn ökar i och med det ökande behovet av IT i denna process. Oavsett vilken sida i den debatten man står på finns ett samförstånd i att miljöarbetet inom IT- och tjänstesektorn måste fortsätta och bli mer systematiskt än det är nu.
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Mirza, Saika. "Rykte & dåliga betyg : Fallet: Jordbromalmsskolan." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1404.
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Three different factors are thought to be involved in the increased segregation in Stockholm: the living segregation, scientific and political dissonances and the social economical factor. Many segregated areas have many inhabitants with foreign background. Schools in these areas have a higher number of students with lower grades compared to other schools with higher number of students that are ethnical Swedes. Jordbromalmsskolan is a school in Haninge kommun that is one of the seven schools in Stockholms suburbs where students graduate with the lowest grades. The school is suffering from a very bad reputation because of many problems like fights between students and lack of resources like purchase stop. The aim with this report is to find out what students believe is difficult with the schoolwork and thereby find the causes for why there is such a high number of student with low grades in Jordbro compared to other areas in Stockholm. Student’s thoughts and outlooks about Jordbromalmsskolans bad reputation will also be a focus through interviews with eight students, four student from class 8C and fours students from class 9C.
Results from the examinations showed that many students found it difficult to concentrate during class-time. Many students also found that they had lack in knowledge in the Swedish language which affected difficulties in reading and understanding of schoolbooks. Too many homework and tests is another factor that students think complicate there schoolwork.
Social studies and Science are the two subjects that majority of the students thought were the most difficult ones because of the difficult language and terms used in the literature. When it came to Jordbromalmsskolans bad reputation all the students disagree. No student that was interviewed wanted to change school and majority of the student’s get on well with their friends and teachers. The students believe that the schools bad reputation mostly depend on that the school has a high number of students with foreign backgrounds which has contributed to that many students finish school with low grades, one factor to this problem is believed to be the lacking knowledge in insecurity of the Swedish language.
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Örming, Lovisa. "Drönarattackers effekt på terrorism : fallet Pakistan." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-3460.
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The United States use of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) or drones for targeted killings of terrorists has been on the rise in recent years and the method has become the core element of president Obamas strategy in the war against terror. This study examines the deterrent effect of targeted killings on terrorism using UCAV/drones as a method of counterterrorism. Building on the literature on counterterrorism, UCAV, targeted killings, deterrence theory and statistics on terrorism the study provides a case study of the CIA drone operations in Pakistan between the years 2004-2010. The goal has been to analyze drone operations and the extent of terrorism from the beginning of the drone campaign until 2010. This as a means of identifying possible trends in terrorism activity due to the occurrence of drone strikes. Findings suggest that the possibility of a deterrent effect is far from evident and that there are some indications of increased terrorism.
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Winell, Jenny, and Richard Romanov. "Att varumärka en destination : Fallet Vaxholm." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31050.
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The increase in tourism for as well Sweden and Stockholm’s archipelago leads to a heightened competition between the different destinations in the archipelago. There’s also an increase in branding cities and places around the word as well as creating an identity for tourist to recognize themselves in a destination. The creation of a place brand and identity may be one of the most important factors for destinations competitiveness. This study examines how Vaxholm tries to create an identity to influence the destinations current image. The aim of the study is to examine how a destination brands itself to mediate an unified image. The aim is answered by three different question formulations, which contains how Vaxholm brands itself by the cooperation between different stakeholders and how this cooperation is working. The data has been gathered by seven different interviews in a qualitative fashion with members from the organisation “Destination Vaxholm”. The respondents where both members in the destination as well some of them hade a more leading role. The empirical evidence has later been analysed through previous theories written in the field, which makes the study deductive. The results show that Vaxholm is branding their destination through the organisation “Destination Vaxholm”. Through this forum the different stakeholders are allowed to develop and reinforce events and activities, which currently exist on the destination. The members have a will to create an identity and image, which tells a visitor that, its possible to travel to the destination all year around, not just during the summer. The organisation is newly created which makes the cooperation between stakeholders new and the trust between them hasn’t been questioned yet. The result also shows that the organisation is democratic and the will to cooperate between the different members is vital.Turismen till Sverige och Stockholms skärgård ökar vilket leder till en ökad konkurrens när de olika destinationerna inom Stockholms skärgård vill locka turister. Det har även blivit en ökning i att skapa varumärken för städer och platser runt om i världen samt att skapa en identitet för turister att känna igen sig i. Att en plats skapar ett starkt varumärke och identitet kan vara den viktigaste konkurrerande faktorn för destinationen. Denna studie undersöker Vaxholm och hur destinationen bygger upp sitt varumärke genom olika aktörer. Studien innefattar även hur Vaxholm försöker att skapa en identitet för att påverka imagen destinationen har i dagsläget. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en destination bygger upp ett varumärke för att på så vis förmedla en gemensam image. Studiens syfte har besvarats genom tre olika frågeställningar vilka innefattar hur Vaxholm bygger upp sitt varumärke genom samarbetet mellan olika aktörer på destinationen samt hur detta samarbete ter sig. Studiens empiri har samlats in på ett kvalitativt sätt genom sju stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer med medlemmar från organisationen “Destination Vaxholm”. Respondenterna var såväl inom styrgruppen som vanliga medlemmar inom organisationen. Empirin har sedan analyserats mot tidigare skrivna teorier inom forskningsämnet vilket gör studien deduktiv. Resultatet visar att Vaxholm bygger upp sitt varumärke genom den ekonomiska föreningen “Destination Vaxholm”. Här samlas det aktörer från olika sektorer för att utveckla och förstärka evenemang samt aktiviteter som finns på Vaxholm. Destination Vaxholms medlemmar vill skapa en identitet och image över destinationen att det är en året om destination istället för en ”sommardestination”, vilket präglar destinationen i dagsläget. Organisationen är nyskapad vilket gör att samarbetet mellan de olika aktörerna är nytt vilket resulterar i att tilliten mellan aktörerna inte har behövts ifrågasättas än. Resultaten visar även på att det är en demokratisk organisation vilket endast fungerar om medlemmarna har en vilja att samarbeta med varandra.
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Vestin, Carina, and Eleonor Östling. "Förebygg det första fallet! : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41296.
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Bakgrund: Distriktssköterskan möter i sitt arbete ofta en åldrande befolkning i deras hem, och ska arbeta för att främja deras trygghet och välbefinnande. Fall hos äldre personer är ett stort folkhälsoproblem då skadorna ofta blir stora och rehabiliteringen omfattande. Distriktssköterskan är en nyckelperson i fallpreventionsarbetet och ska arbeta med en helhetssyn kring den äldre personen, när omvårdnadsåtgärder sätts in för att förebygga fall. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva distriktssköterskans fallpreventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder i äldre personers hem. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats utfördes, baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativt- och kvalitativt innehåll. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna Cinahl, Psykinfo och Pubmed, och kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av granskningsmall från Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU). Resultat: Tre kategorier framkom; fallrelaterade skador kan minskas med fallpreventionsprogram, fallriskutredning och samverkan, samt utbildning leder till välbefinnande. Diskussion: I resultatet framkom att distriktssköterskan bör samverka med andra yrkesprofessioner inom vårdteamet för att informera och utbilda äldre personer om fallrisker. Riskbedömningsinstrument var ett bra screeningverkyg. Resultatet diskuterades med stöd av Katie Erikssons omvårdnadsteori om vårdandets idé. Slutsats: Denna litteraturöversikt visade att distriktssköterskans olika fallpreventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder framgångsrikt förebygger fall hos äldre personer och det viktigaste är att förebygga det första fallet.Background: In her work, the district nurse often meets an aging population in their homes where she should work for the improvement of their safety and well-being. Fall accidents of elderly people form a major public health problem as injuries often are complicated and rehabilitation is extensive. The district nurse is a key person in fall-prevention and should work with a holistic view of the older person, in situations where care measures are taken to prevent falls. The purpose of this study is to describe the district nurse's fall preventative care measures in the homes of older people. Method: A literature review based on an inductive approach was conducted, comprising 14 scientific articles with both quantitative and qualitative content. The articles were found in the databases Cinahl, Psykinfo and Pubmed, and were quality assured using a review template from the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). Results: Three categories emerged: Fall-related injuries can be reduced with fall prevention programs, fall risk assessment and cooperation, and how education leads to well-being. Discussion: The result indicates that the district nurse should work with other occupational professionals within the health care team to inform and educate older people about fall risks. Risk assessment methods proved to be a good tool for screening. The result was discussed with the support of “Katie Eriksson's nursing theory” on the idea of care. Conclusion: This literature review showed that the district nurse's various fall preventative care measures successfully prevent fall accidents of elderly people, and that preventing the first fall is most important.
Godkännandedatum: 2019-12-11
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Thulin, Amanda, and Vilde Steinlund. "Kommunikation, meningsskapande och förändring : Fallet Mavi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106018.
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Organisationsförändring kan vara svårt att genomföra och under processens gång uppstår det flera problem som behöver lösas. Därmed har det blivit ett viktigt ämne för organisationer. John Hayes framför sin syn på organisationsförändring och förklarar olika steg i processen, han beskriver även hur ledningen bör hantera sina medarbetare under förändringen. Vi ser att kommunikation och meningsskapande utgör en stor del av en förändring och anser att detta är ett område som behöver berikas med ytterligare studier. I uppsatsen önskar vi skapa förståelse för kommunikation i förändringsprocesser och bidra med en tolkning som sätter fokus på hur gemensam mening skapas eller inte skapas. Efter utförd studie har vi funnit att ledningen och medarbetarna på företaget Mavi inte delar en gemensam upplevelse av hur kommunikationen har sett ut under implementeringen av deras digitala system. Vi ser även att den meningsskapande processen skiljer sig åt utifrån ledning och medarbetare. Vi anser att det är komplexa processer och att företag bör ta hänsyn till varje individs unikhet och därmed lägga stort fokus på just kommunikation och meningsskapande.
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Hsin-Yi, Chang. "Analysis of false internet advertising /." Tamsui : Tamkang University, Tamkang University, Graduate Institute of International Trade, 2006. http://etds.lib.tku.edu.tw/etdservice/download_file?etdun=U0002-0202200611002800&fileName=tku-95-691480221-1.pdf.
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Bowers, Adrian H. "False allegations of sexual harassment /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3250681.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006."December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-73). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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馬婉婷 and Yuen-ting Olivia Ma. "Mental imagery & false memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41715391.
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Iao, Lai-Sang. "Children's understanding of false representations." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54407/.
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This thesis investigates whether children's understanding of both mental and non-mental representations can be accounted for by the same underlying competence in representational understanding. This research question stems from a long-standing dispute between domain-specificity and domain-generality in understanding mental representations. In Chapter 1,1 highlight the importance of using false representations to assess representational understanding, and discuss a fundamental problem inherent in previously devised false non-mental representation tasks in comparison to false mental representation tasks. I also outline the confounding of other cognitive skills such as language and executive function during the assessment of representational understanding. This motivates the subsequent empirical work for this thesis which includes (1) the development of novel measures for assessing children's understanding of non-mental representations and (2) the investigation of the equivalence between children's understanding of mental and non-mental representations. Evidence for this equivalence was shown by a transfer of training between a new false non-mental representation task and an existing false mental representation task presented in Chapter 2. With the use of another novel false non- mental representation task which minimises and eliminates the confounding factors of language and cognitive inhibition, the two experiments in Chapter 3 further indicated that the equivalence between false non-mental and false mental representation tasks could not be explained by these confounding factors. Chapter 4 extended the research from typical to atypical development, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as individuals with ASD are known to be specifically impaired in processing social and mental information. Intriguingly, the findings in Chapter 3 were shown to be generalised to children with ASD. Finally, the consistent findings of the five experiments reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to the theoretical accounts and neurological basis of typical and atypical cognitive development.
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Clements, Wendy Ann. "Implicit understanding of false belief." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283141.
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Irimajiri, Rie. "False memory and person expectancies." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274622.
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Ma, Yuen-ting Olivia. "Mental imagery & false memory." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41715391.
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BRANDAO, RENATO MATOSO RIBEIRO GOMES. "THE PROBLEM OF FALSE SPEECH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31768@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação pretende oferecer uma análise para um determinado grupo de argumentos contra a possibilidade da falsidade no discurso, tal como elaborados no período clássico da filosofia. A partir da apresentação das teses de Parmênides, será investigada a relação entre estas teses e os argumentos sofísticos contra a possibilidade da falsidade. Apresentaremos, em contra partida, um dos argumentos formulados com o objetivo de fornecer uma base conceitual adequada para a possibilidade do discurso falso. Para tanto, proporemos uma interpretação para a solução que Platão oferece no diálogo Sofista a este problema. Por meio da análise crítica dos principais comentadores, pretendemos expor as dificuldades existentes na tentativa de compreensão desta passagem do diálogo indicando uma possibilidade de solução para algumas destas dificuldades.
This dissertation analyzes a certain kind of arguments against the possibility of false speech. From the central fragments of Parmenides s poem it will be presented an interpretation of the relationship between Parmenides s arguments and the Sophist s thesis against the possibility of false speech. In addition, it will be provided Plato s argument in favor of the possibility of saying something false and yet meaningful. Plato s argument is offered in the dialogue Sophist and by the analysis of the commentators it will be presented the difficulties of interpretation and a way for solving these difficulties.
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Brown, Marisa. "Of Atlases and False Projections." Thesis, Boston College, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/577.
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Thesis advisor: George O'HarIn these three longer short stories I explore the theme of "sense of place," of the geographic and psychological confusion of the world and the people in and on it. The first piece, "Cartography," is the story of a woman who, despite living in a large and vibrant city, struggles to find herself within it. The second piece, "The Birds," is the story of a man, Adam, who searches to define himself against the earth and attempts to reject his own embodiment, ultimately failing, but in doing so finds something else. The third piece, "Men Shall Know Nothing of This" (also the title of a Max Ernst painting) is a brief history of a city — and how it continues even when it appears to be dying — past its industrial prime, told through the interactions of four characters with the main road
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2005
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: English
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Ribeiro, Filho Valdemar. "Classroom procedures for false cognates." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24351.
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Blakeley, Marissa. "An investigation of encoding and retrieval processes in children's false memories in the DRM paradigm." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1286.
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Furthering our understanding of children's memory mechanisms will expand our knowledge of ways to reduce false memory errors. Hege and Dodson (2004) found that adult participants who studied pictures later recalled items more accurately than participants who studied words. This demonstrated that encoding information in a distinctive manner can reduce false memories. The main aim of the present study was to explore whether using distinctive information within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm can reduce false memories in children (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Two hundred and forty-three eleven year-old children (mean age 11.5) studied pictures and words on a screen, each with an accompanying aural label. In contrast to the findings of Hege and Dodson, studying pictures did not reduce false memories in these participants. There were no significant encoding differences between children who studied pictures and children who studied words, as measured by the rate of falsely recalled non-presented critical lure words. Moreover, the children's average rate of recall of the false memories was very low (19.6%). This is just over half the rate reported by Hege and Dodson with adult subjects. On the other hand, manipulation of the test instructions at retrieval had a significant effect on the rate of recall of critical lures. Each group of participants received different retrieval instructions. As expected, the highest numbers of recalled critical lures occurred when subjects were asked to report studied items as well as related items (inclusion recall instructions). This study demonstrated the complex role of encoding and retrieval mechanisms in older children's memory processes, and showed that children do not appear to reduce false memories in a manner that is consistent with adults. The results are discussed in terms of children's processing of pictures and words, eleven-year-olds' semantic development, and links to fuzzy-trace theory.
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Atance, Cristina Marie. "Does acting on a false belief aid in false belief retrieval in 3-year-olds?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65221.pdf.
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Recknor, Emily Charlotte. "False Facial Recognition: The Relationship Between False Alarms and Frontal Lobe Functioning in Older Adults." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193283.
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Previous research has shown that older adults are more susceptible to false facial recognition than younger adults, possibly related to changes in the frontal cortices. We hypothesized that false recognition would be related to poorer performance on measures of memory monitoring, decision-making, and "frontal" functioning. Forty-one older adults, classified as high or low frontal based on standard neuropsychological measures, completed a face recognition memory task, a Feeling of Knowing (FOK) task, and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). There was a correlation between false alarm rates and response bias on the recognition memory test with bias on the FOK task. High false-alarmers had a liberal response bias and were overconfident in their memory predictions relative to low false-alarmers. Performance did not relate to standard neuropsychological tests, potentially due to their sensitivity to dorsolateral prefrontal functioning, while the FOK task and the IGT are related to ventromedial prefrontal functioning.
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Vita, Cláudia Pacheco. "A opacidade da suposta transparência: quando \'amigos\' funcionam como \'falsos amigos\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-07082007-160214/.
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Neste trabalho, tratamos de uma imagem que circula em nosso país sobre o espanhol e sua aprendizagem, segundo a qual os chamados \"falsos amigos\" constituem as principais dificuldades para o brasileiro que deseja aprender essa língua estrangeira. Partimos de uma hipótese de Celada & González (2000) de que tal modo de interpretação desse processo foi inaugurado por Nascentes (1939) quem, por sua vez, recolheu em seus estudos muitas das impressões do senso comum de sua época a esse respeito. Tal tradição norteou e em grande parte norteia ainda muitos trabalhos científicos no Brasil a respeito do ensino e da aprendizagem do espanhol, os quais se baseiam, como a interpretação tradicional que lhes dá suporte, nos pressupostos teóricos do modelo da Análise Contrastiva em sua versão forte. Primeiramente fazemos uma análise dos termos mais comuns em circulação (falsos cognatos, heterosemánticos, falsos amigos), mostrando que não fazem necessariamente referência a fenômenos da mesma natureza, e posteriormente questionamos a idéia corrente de que os falsos amigos seriam o grande vilão da aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros. Nossa proposta nesta pesquisa é tratar a aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros e a formação de sentido de outra perspectiva teórica, que nos permita observar fatores que oferecem restrições às línguas e que atuam na produção dos efeitos de sentido no contato desses dois idiomas; esses fatores serão, essencialmente, a história e as representações sociais.The present investigation refers to the traditional perception that exists in Brazil about the Spanish language and its learning by Brazilians. In such perception, the uttermost obstacle that any Brazilian must overcome in his process of learning the Spanish language are the denominated \"false friends\". According to Celada & González (2000), such perception has been introduced in Brazil by Nascentes (1939), in whose work one is able to find most of the common sense and common lore opinions about the learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians. Such perception has ever since dominated most of the Brazilian academic investigation about the teaching and learning of the Spanish language, which theoretic basis can be found in the \"strong\" version of the Contrastive Analysis. This investigation begins with the analysis of the terms most commonly used by the academic investigation (such as false friends, false cognates, heterosemánticos), in order to demonstrate that such terms do not refer to the same phenomena. In the sequence, the perception that the \"false friends\" are the greatest villain in the learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians is put in doubt. The final objective of this investigation is to study the process of learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians, and from another theoretic perspective, to analyse the production of meaning that allows to determine the factors (specially history and social representation) which restrict the languages, and influence the production of the meaning in the contact between Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish.
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Pedrosa, Sabrina Campos Dias. "Efeitos de estímulos emocionais sobre a ocorrência de falsas memórias : investigação por meio do paradigma da equivalência de estímulos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9145.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
False memories can be defined as recollections that do not correspond to the facts experienced by subjects. Cognitive research have pointed out that the referred phenomenon is, to some extent, determined by semantic relations among stimuli. Based on these studies, behavior analysts have proposed experimental analogous of false memories using the stimulus equivalence paradigm to establish symbolic relations. The current master’s thesis was composed by one preliminary study and two main studies. The preliminary study aimed to assess the valence and arousal of pictures depicting facial expressions, and to select the meaningful stimuli that were employed on the class formation procedures of Studies 1 and 2. Study 1 aimed to analyze possible effects of emotional stimuli with different valences (positive, neutral and negative) on the occurrence of false memories. For this purpose, a systematic replication of Aggio’s (2014) Study 3, using lists of symbolically related stimuli through the stimulus equivalence paradigm was carried out. The main experimental manipulations of Study 1, in the present thesis, were the control of valence and arousal magnitudes attributed to the emotional stimuli; the use of emotional stimuli in the class formation procedure, which contained the unrelated distracting stimuli; and the randomization of list order presentation. Study 1 was structured in four phases, which encompassed 1) the establishment of six equivalence classes; 2) a false memories test with a memorization task and a recognition test, held one week after the beginning of Phase 1; 3) class merger and maintenance test, and 4) stimuli assessment through a semantic differential. Results showed that the false memories effect, under symbolic control, occurred only in relation to the positive stimuli list. It was hypothesized that the stability of the equivalence classes was an intervening variable. In order to verify the aforementioned hypothesis and search for new evidences regarding the effects of emotional valence on the establishment of false memories, a second study was proposed. The Study 2 had the same procedure as Study 1, with the exception of two changes: the reduction of the time interval employed between the first and the second phase, and the insertion of baseline review blocks of the six equivalence classes before the false memories test. These changes were adopted in order to increase the probability that the equivalence relations were stable and strengthened at the moment of the false memories test. Results showed the occurrence of the false memories effect in positive and neutral lists. These results suggest that stimuli with negative emotional valence can reduce the probability of false memories occurrence.
Falsas memórias podem ser definidas como lembranças não fidedignas aos fatos vivenciados pelos sujeitos. Pesquisas de base cognitivista têm apontado que o referido fenômeno é, em alguma medida, determinado por relações semânticas entre estímulos. A partir dessas evidências, analistas do comportamento propuseram análogos experimentais de falsas memórias com o emprego do paradigma da equivalência de estímulos como recurso para o estabelecimento de relações simbólicas. A presente dissertação foi composta por um estudo preliminar e por dois estudos principais. O estudo preliminar objetivou avaliar as propriedades de valência e alerta de imagens de expressões faciais, além de selecionar os estímulos significativos que seriam empregados na formação das classes de equivalência estabelecidas nos Estudos 1 e 2. O Estudo1 visou analisar os possíveis efeitos de estímulos emocionais com diferentes valências (positiva, neutra e negativa) sobre a ocorrência de falsas memórias. Para tanto, foi proposta uma replicação sistemática do Estudo 3 de Aggio (2014), o qual fez uso de listas de estímulos simbolicamente relacionados por meio do paradigma da equivalência de estímulos. As principais manipulações experimentais propostas, no Estudo 1, da presente dissertação, foram o controle das magnitudes das propriedades de valência e alerta atribuídas aos estímulos emocionais; a utilização de estímulos emocionais na formação das classes que continham os distratores não relacionados e o balanceamento das ordens de apresentação das listas. O Estudo 1 foi estruturado em quatro fases que envolveram: 1) estabelecimento de seis classes de equivalência; 2) teste de falsas memórias, compreendendo uma tarefa de memorização e um teste de reconhecimento, realizados uma semana após o início da Fase 1; 3) teste de fusão e de manutenção de classes e 4) avaliação de estímulos por meio de instrumento de diferencial semântico. Os resultados demonstraram que o efeito de falsas memórias, sob controle simbólico, ocorreu apenas na lista de estímulos de valência positiva. A estabilidade das classes de equivalência foi apontada como uma possível variável interveniente na determinação dos referidos resultados. A fim de verificar a hipótese supracitada e buscar novas evidências em relação aos efeitos da valência emocional, sobre o fenômeno das falsas memórias, foi proposto um segundo estudo. O Estudo 2 teve um procedimento idêntico ao adotado no Estudo 1, com exceção de duas modificações: a redução do intervalo de tempo empregado entre a primeira e a segunda fase e a inserção de blocos de revisão de relações de linha de base das seis classes de equivalência, antes da realização das tarefas de teste de falsas memórias. As alterações citadas foram adotadas a fim de aumentar a probabilidade de que as relações de equivalência estivessem estáveis e fortalecidas no momento de realização das tarefas de teste de falsas memórias. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência do efeito de falsas memórias nas listas de valência positiva e neutra. Os referidos resultados sugerem que estímulos com valência emocional negativa podem reduzir a probabilidade de ocorrência de falsas memórias.
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Fernandes, Cleanto Rog?rio Rego. "Efeito do alerta e val?ncia emocional nos componentes de lembran?a e familiaridade da mem?ria epis?dica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17374.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-30Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The episodic memory system allows us to retrieve information about events, including its contextual aspects. It has been suggested that episodic memory is composed by two independent components: recollection and familiarity. Recollection is related to the vivid e detailed retrieval of item and contextual information, while familiarity is the capability to recognize items previously seen as familiars. Despite the fact that emotion is one of the most influent process on memory, only a few studies have investigated its effect on recollection and familiarity. Another limitation of studies about the effect of emotion on memory is that the majority of them have not adequately considered the differential effects of arousal and positive/negative valence. The main purpose of the current work is to investigate the independent effect of emotional valence and arousal on recollection and familiarity, as well as to test some hypothesis that have been suggested about the effect of emotion on episodic memory. The participants of the research performed a recognition task for three lists of emotional pictures: high arousal negative, high arousal positive and low arousal positive. At the test session, participants also rated the confidence level of their responses. The confidence ratings were used to plot ROC curves and estimate the contributions of recollection and familiarity of recognition performance. As the main results, we found that negative valence enhanced the component of recollection without any effect on familiarity or recognition accuracy. Arousal did not affect recognition performance or their components, but high arousal was associated with a higher proportion of false memories. This work highlight the importance of to consider both the emotional dimensions and episodic memory components in the study of emotion effect on episodic memory, since they interact in complex and independent way
O sistema de mem?ria epis?dica nos permite recuperar informa??es sobre eventos, incluindo os seus aspectos contextuais. Tem sido sugerido que a mem?ria epis?dica ? composta por dois componentes independentes: lembran?a e familiaridade. A lembran?a est? relacionada com a recupera??o v?vida e detalhada dos itens e sua informa??o contextual, enquanto a familiaridade ? a capacidade de reconhecer os itens previamente vistos como familiares. Apesar do fato de que a emo??o ? um dos processos mais influentes na mem?ria, poucos estudos t?m investigado o seu efeito sobre a lembran?a a familiaridade. Outra limita??o dos estudos sobre o efeito da emo??o na mem?ria ? que a maioria deles n?o considerou adequadamente os efeitos diferenciais do alerta e val?ncia positiva / negativa. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho ? investigar o efeito independente do alerta e val?ncia emocional na lembran?a e familiaridade, bem como testar algumas hip?teses que t?m sido sugeridas sobre o efeito da emo??o na mem?ria epis?dica. Os participantes da pesquisa realizaram uma tarefa de reconhecimento de tr?s listas de fotos emocionais: negativa de alto alerta, positiva de alto alerta e positiva de baixo alerta. Na sess?o de teste, os participantes tamb?m avaliaram o n?vel de confian?a de suas respostas. As avalia??es de confian?a foram utilizados para tra?ar curvas ROC e estimar as contribui??es da lembran?a e familiaridade no desempenho do reconhecimento. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a val?ncia negativa aumentou o componente de lembran?a, sem qualquer efeito sobre a familiaridade ou acur?cia do reconhecimento. O alerta n?o afetou o desempenho de reconhecimento ou de seus componentes, mas o maior alerta foi associado com uma maior propor??o de falsas mem?rias. Este trabalho destaca a import?ncia de considerar as dimens?es emocionais e componentes de mem?ria epis?dica no estudo do efeito da emo??o sobre a mem?ria epis?dica, uma vez que eles interagem de forma complexa e independente
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Olson, Margareta. "Aspergers Syndrom och Psykodynamisk Psykoterapi." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, S:t Lukas utbildningsinstitut, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1740.
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Att ha diagnosen Aspergers syndrom innebär bl a sociala problem och psykisk sårbarhet. Denna kvalitativa studie omfattar intervjuer med fyra psykoterapeuter och en psykolog, som har erfarenhet av att behandla personer med Aspergers syndrom. Syftet med studien är att undersöka psykoterapeuters syn på psykodynamisk psykoterapi med personer med Asperger syndrom. Frågeställningarna har varit: hur lägger man upp en terapeutisk behandling för personer med Aspergers syndrom? Vilka aspekter inom terapin med personer med Aspergers syndrom är viktiga för behandlingen? Studien visar att teraputerna arbetar utifrån olika psykodynamiska teorier. Terapeuten behöver också ha stora kunskaper om funktionshindret. Att terapeuten har kunskap om vilka effekter funktionshindret har på personer med Asperger syndrom medför att viktiga komponenter som bemötande och arbetsallians möjliggörs och som är grunden för ett fortsatt behandlingsarbete. Vidare anses det viktigt att ta hänsyn till den specifika livssituation och historia som personer med Aspergers syndrom har, eftersom tidigare erfarenheter har betydelse för hur patienten handlar, reagerar och förstår sina livsmönster i nuet. Samtliga terapeuter betonar att personer med Aspergers syndrom i behandlingen har förbättrat sitt sociala samspel. Dessutom tycks det som att det fordras mycket av terapeuten i behandlingen med denna målgrupp eftersom det är långa behandlingar och att det är känslomässigt påfrestande att arbeta med personer med Aspergers.To be diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome involves among other social problems and psychological vulnerability. The sample consists of four psychotherapists and one psychologist, who have experience in treating people with Asperger syndrome. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychotherapists’ view of psychodynamic psychotherapy with people with Asperger syndrome. Questions have been; How do you set up a therapeutic treatment for people with Asperger's syndrome? What aspects in therapy with people with Asperger syndrome are important to the treatment? The study shows that therapists work from various psychodynamic theories. The therapist must also have vast knowledge of the disability. The therapist’s knowledge of the effects disability has on people with Asperger syndrome causes the key components that touch and working alliance is made possible and is the basis for continuing treatment work. Furthermore, it is important to take into account the specific situation in life and history that people with Asperger syndrome have, because past experience is relevant to how the patient react and understand their patterns of life in the present. All therapists stress that people with Asperger syndrome in treatment have improved their social interaction. Moreover, it seems that it requires a lot of the therapist in the treatment with this audience, because it is long treatments and that it is emotionally stressful to work with people with Asperger's