Books on the topic 'Familiar Thesis'

The research and training works of the XIII Congress of the International Association for Training and Research in Family Education (AIFREF) were guided by the term 'Service'; more specifically, of setting oneself at the service of childhood. Devoting oneself to the service of those pursuing the path towards independence is an aspect that is given great prominence in the modern world. We now find ourselves facing a profound transformation: entering the postmodern age, we realise that the concept of service has a completely different connotation. In order to offer an enhanced service to childhood, we have to be aware of what could be useful. What allows the child to grow up and become free? And, consequently what services do we need to create for children? How relevant, efficient, effective and sustainable are these services, consciously designed and rendered operational? These are some of the issues addressed within the framework of the works of the XIII AIFREF Congress.

Women from the Ricasoli and Spinelli families formed a wide variety of social networks within and beyond Florence through their letters as they negotiated interpersonal relationships and lineage concerns to actively contribute to their families in early modern Italy. Women were located at the center of social networks through their work in bridging their natal and marital families, cultivating commercial contacts, negotiating family obligations and the demands of religious institutions, facilitating introductions for family and friends, and forming political patronage ties. This book argues that a network model offers a framework of analysis in which to deconstruct patriarchy as a single system of institutionalized dominance in early modern Italy. Networks account for female agency as an interactive force that shaped the kinships ties, affective relationships, material connections, and political positions of these elite families as women constructed their own narratives and negotiated their own positions in family life.

This chapter argues for a value appearance thesis: that there are value appearances, that these serve as evidence for evaluative beliefs and judgments, and that felt desires and preferences are just such appearances of value. It is often assumed that states of affairs are both the objects of desire and the bearers of value but this assumption, combined with the value appearance thesis, gives rise to the familiar problem of the legitimacy of agent-relative preferences. However, if both value bearers and the objects of desire are states of being—or properties—then the problem of agent-relativity can be neatly solved.

This chapter develops and defends the thesis that we can assert probabilistic contents. The chapter begins by recounting some familiar arguments against the standard view that we only ever assert propositions. A probabilistic theory of assertion is then defended with three novel arguments. These arguments are less empirical than familiar arguments against the standard view, and more foundational in character. It is argued that probabilistic contents of assertion provide a unified account of how we communicate probabilistic beliefs and full beliefs, a unified account of belief and assertion, and an adequate account of how probabilistic beliefs can figure in joint reasoning and guide our collective actions. The chapter concludes with some remarks about probabilistic models of communication, as well as remarks about the conclusions that we should draw from contemporary debates about the semantics of epistemic modals.

Typically the existential and universal quantifiers are regarded as logical expressions. But there are straightforward semantic means for defining all sorts of new quantifiers that have roughly the same syntax as the more familiar quantifiers. This raises the question: Which of these new quantifiers are relevantly similar to the existential and universal quantifiers to count as logical? After introducing generalised quantifiers, we use notions of indiscernibility to investigate how to classify quantifiers as logical or non-logical, focussing especially on the famous Tarski-Sher thesis. Roughly, this thesis states that quantifiers are logical provided they exhibit a certain kind of invariance. We argue that intuitions about non-discrimination are insufficient to establish Tarski-Sher. Then, by considering infinitary logics and closure principles, we raise some further difficulties for attempts to establish Tarski-Sher.

The objective of the article is to discuss the evolution, hypothesis, and some the more prominent arguments for massive modularity (MM). MM is the hypothesis that the human mind is largely or entirely composed from a great many modules. Modules are functionally characterizable cognitive mechanisms that tend to possess several features, which include domain-specificity, informationally encapsulation, innateness, inaccessibility, shallow outputs, and mandatory operation. The final thesis that comprises MM mentions that modules are found not merely at the periphery of the mind but also in the central regions responsible for such higher cognitive capacities as reasoning and decision-making. The central cognition depends on a great many functional modules that are not themselves composable into larger more inclusive systems. One of the families of arguments for MM focuses on a range of problems that are familiar from the history of cognitive science such as problems that concern the computational tractability of cognitive processes. The arguments may vary considerably in detail but they share a common format. First, they proceed from the assumption that cognitive processes are classical computational ones. Second, given the assumption that cognitive processes are computational ones, intractability arguments seek to undermine non-modular accounts of cognition by establishing the intractability thesis.

This chapter considers the complex relationship between secularization and the emergence of new religious movements. Drawing from countervailing research, some of which insists that new religious movements abet secularizing processes and some of which sees these movements as disproving the secularization thesis, the chapter presents the relationship as inherently unstable. To the extent that new religious movements maintain a precarious balance of familiarity and foreignness—remaining familiar enough to stretch the definitional boundaries of religion—they contribute to secularization. However, new religious movements frequently lean to one side or other of that median, either promoting religious power in the public square by identifying with the interests of existing religious groups, or emphasizing their distinctiveness from these groups and thus provoking aggressive public action by the antagonized religious mainstream. This chapter centres on an illustrative case from Christian Science history.

Everyday aesthetics was recently proposed as a challenge to the contemporary Anglo-American aesthetics discourse dominated by the discussion of art and beauty. This book responds to the subsequent controversies regarding the nature, boundary, and status of everyday aesthetics and argues for its legitimacy. Specifically, its discussion highlights the multifaceted aesthetic dimensions of everyday life that are not fully accounted for by the commonly held account of defamiliarizing the familiar. Instead, the appreciation of the familiar as familiar, negative aesthetics, and the experience of doing things are all included as being worthy of investigation. These diverse ways in which aesthetics is involved in everyday life are explored through conceptual analysis as well as by application of specific examples from art, environment, and household chores. The significance of everyday aesthetics is also multi-layered. This book emphasizes the consequences of everyday aesthetics beyond the generally recognized value of enriching one’s life experiences and sharpening one’s attentiveness and sensibility. Many examples, ranging from consumer aesthetics and nationalist aesthetics to environmental aesthetics and cultivation of moral virtues, demonstrate that the power of aesthetics in everyday life is considerable, affecting and ultimately determining the quality of life and the state of the world, for better or worse. In light of this power of the aesthetic, everyday aesthetics has a social responsibility to encourage cultivation of aesthetic literacy and vigilance against aesthetic manipulation. Ultimately, everyday aesthetics can be an effective instrument for directing humanity’s collective and cumulative world-making project for the betterment of all its inhabitants.

This chapter discusses the viability of knowledge-first epistemology. The chapter has two parts. The first part presents several big-picture objections to knowledge-first epistemology and argues that while these considerations are pressing, they are not conclusive. The second part focuses on a specific thesis endorsed by many knowledge-first epistemologists—the knowledge norm of assertion. The chapter considers a familiar concern with this norm: It can be appropriate for someone who has a justified belief that p, but doesn’t know that p, to assert that p. Proponents of the knowledge norm typically explain away such judgments by claiming that the assertion is improper but the subject has an excuse for making it. The chapter argues against this response. The chapter concludes by briefly considering whether we should replace the knowledge norm with an alternative. It argues that that there is no norm specifically tied to assertion.

This book offers a new approach to artistic representation, worked out in detail for the cases of paintings, photographs, and novels. It presents a paradox in the case of each of the three art forms, and argues for a thesis (the Non-Distraction Thesis) about the relation between medium and content. It then argues that the dominant theories of representation in the three art forms are incompatible with that thesis. Fresh light is thereby cast on familiar topics: the supposed phenomenon of ‘twofoldedness’, in the case of paintings; the alleged ‘transparency’ of photographs; the ‘paradox of fiction’, in the case of novels. Illusionistic theories, ‘seeing-in’ theories, imagination theories, and resemblance theories are the target in the case of paintings; theories which take photographs to be transparent pictures, in the case of photographs; and imagination theories, abstract-artefact theories, and theories which mix the two, in the case of novels. Having raised problems for existing theories in these domains, the book proposes for each art form a novel way of understanding the relation between the medium and the content. The new model is developed first for the case of paintings: it is proposed that the face you see in a painting is a real thing made of paint, which is, in a way, a face, in virtue of resembling a real face. This model is then applied to photographs, and to novels, with care taken to explain in each case how a suitable object might be constructed in the medium.

When rehearsing a play for performance, it is never as simple as preparing a ‘type’ or a ‘rounded’ character. In The Dog in the Manger and Pedro, the Great Pretender, characterization took many forms, including the portrayal of manipulative masters and servants, a mayor commonly recognizable in the Golden Age but perhaps foreign to English audiences, and psychological warfare between a woman, her honour, and her secretary. During the rehearsal process of both of these productions, academic research—generated from a wide variety of sources and scholarly approaches—fed the actors’ and directors’ interpretations of character in the plays. The creation of roles was a dynamic process, one that grew and changed even after all four plays had opened, and which continued to operate until the close of the season in London.

This chapter explains the second paradox of alterity: alterity is felt as extraneous and familiar at the same time. It comes as a surprise from the most intimate and proper region of the Self. What is experienced as most extraneous is also what is most proper to the Self. These are the two sides of a fold: a zone of continuity rather than discontinuity. This is the topos of the Double and the Uncanny. Alterity does not coincide with the Freudian Unconscious. This impersonal and not individuated part is not repressed. It is the obscure side of my own existence as it manifests itself in front of myself. From this stems a further paradox: if alterity is our own life in as much as it does not belong to us, then we must respond for something for which we are not responsible.

This book tells the story of how families separated across borders write—and learn new ways of writing—in pursuit of both love and money. Over the past decades, global economic inequality has continued to promote the growth of labor migration. According to the UN, 244 million people currently live outside the countries of their birth. The human drama behind these numbers is that labor migration often separates parents from children, brothers from sisters, lovers from each other. Migration, undertaken in response to problems of the pocketbook, also poses problems for the heart. Based on field research and interviews with transnational families in Latin America (Brazil), Eastern Europe (Latvia), and North America (United States), Writing for Love and Money: How Migration Drives Literacy Learning in Transnational Families shows how families separated across borders turn to writing to address these problems. They are writing to sustain meaningful relationships across distance and to better their often impoverished circumstances. The book reveals that, despite policymakers’ concerns about brain drain, immigrants’ departures do not leave their homelands wholly educationally hobbled. Instead migration promotes experiences of literacy learning in transnational families as they write to reach the two life goals that globalization consistently threatens: economic solvency and familial intimacy. The book thus shows how migration itself can be a source of technologically savvy, emotionally attuned, globally conscious, and entrepreneurial literacy learning.

The chapter on familial and intrahepatic cholestatic syndromes covers the nomenclature and current changes in this group of disorders as well as their pathophysiology, classification, clinical features, and current management.

For elites, material culture told their dynastic story and was also used to construct, or re-construct, it. Women’s place in this remains complex. They were much more likely to own and control objects like jewels, clothes, and furniture than they were land or property. They were also involved in the production, design, and purchase of these objects, and there are definably female patterns of exchange throughout society. However, the use of material culture is often considered as a collective enterprise within families like the Howards. Though many scholars maintain that a woman’s primary role was to support their husband’s family, material evidence for the Howards shows that they were able to use objects to transmit their complex accumulation of familial identities. In doing so, they also used material culture to enhance their social standing, to secure political alliance, and to cement ties of familial affection and friendship, thereby revealing an intense level of direct agency.

While many things about Shakespeare's life are unknown, certainly, like everyone else, he had a family. This book gathers into a single source as much information as possible concerning Shakespeare's immediate family, from his grandfathers on the maternal and paternal sides to his granddaughter, the last member of his direct family line. But readers may ask, to what extent did the relationships in the plays reflect the actual familial structures of Shakespeare's day? To what extent did Shakespeare experience personally the familial dynamics about which he wrote so eloquently? And to what extent were Shakespeare's own family experiences typical or atypical of other Elizabethan or Jacobean families? These questions can be addressed because more is known of Shakespeare's family than of the families of any of his fellow writers and actors. For several generations members of Shakespeare's family were important local figures in and around Stratford-upon-Avon, and, fortunately, from the Middle Ages until the present day, Stratford-upon-Avon has been one of the best-documented towns in England. While many things about Shakespeare's life are unknown, certainly, like everyone else, he had a family. This book gathers into a single source as much information as possible concerning Shakespeare's immediate family, from his grandfathers on the maternal and paternal sides to his granddaughter, the last member of his direct family line. But readers may ask, to what extent did the relationships in the plays reflect the actual familial structures of Shakespeare's day? To what extent did Shakespeare experience personally the familial dynamics about which he wrote so eloquently? And to what extent were Shakespeare's own family experiences typical or atypical of other Elizabethan or Jacobean families? These questions can be addressed because more is known of Shakespeare's family than of the families of any of his fellow writers and actors. For several generations, members of Shakespeare's family were important local figures in and around Stratford-upon-Avon, and, fortunately, from the Middle Ages until the present day Stratford-upon-Avon has been one of the best-documented towns in England. In vivid detail, Pogue provides an overview of the various members of Shakespeare's family and, where possible, draws conclusions concerning Shakespeare's relationships with his various family members. Further, the author notes to what extent Shakespeare's family experiences were typical or atypical of the time, and includes at the end of each chapter a discussion of scenes from Shakespeare's plays presenting the relevant familial relationship, juxtaposing the relational scenes he wrote with what we know of his own experience. Such a comparison impresses us once again not just with his skill at holding the mirror up to the nature of his time, but with the imaginative insight into humanity that lay at the heart of his dramatic genius.

Music therapists are university-trained professionals who invite palliative care patients, and their significant family members and friends, to explore how creative music-based experiences in therapeutic relationships can address biopsychosocial needs and enhance spiritual well-being. The chapter illustrates how music therapists can extend music’s power to help patients across the lifespan live a quality life and support their families. Patients often choose familiar music to listen to, sing, or play that elicits people, places, emotions, and thoughts that they want to connect with. Through music therapy song writing and improvisation, patients and families creatively explore their ‘playful’ musical and unique selves, and potentially experience helpful new awareness, wonder, pride, and accomplishment. Patients’ song composition legacies can also support the bereaved. Music therapists offer guided music and relaxation or imagery interventions, to soothe and help with symptom management. Extensive quantitative and qualitative research informing music therapy is also outlined and music-based care suggestions are provided for when music therapists are not available.

This book reconstructs the social world of upper middle-class Belfast during the time of the city’s greatest growth, between the 1830s and the 1880s. Using extensive primary material including personal correspondence, memoirs, diaries and newspapers, the author draws a rich portrait of Belfast society and explores both the public and inner lives of Victorian bourgeois families. Leading business families like the Corrys and the Workmans, alongside their professional counterparts, dominated Victorian Belfast’s civic affairs, taking pride in their locale and investing their time and money in improving it. This social group displayed a strong work ethic, a business-oriented attitude and religious commitment, and its female members led active lives in the domains of family, church and philanthropy. While the Belfast bourgeoisie had parallels with other British urban elites, they inhabited a unique place and time: ‘Linenopolis’ was the only industrial city in Ireland, a city that was neither fully Irish nor fully British, and at the very time that its industry boomed, an unusually violent form of sectarianism emerged. Middle-Class Life in Victorian Belfast provides a fresh examination of familiar themes such as civic activism, working lives, philanthropy, associational culture, evangelicalism, recreation, marriage and family life, and represents a substantial and important contribution to Irish social history.

As Ovid’s heroine Briseis acknowledges, letters carry material traces of the emotions that motivated the writer. This is true of any handwritten document, but more so for letters that stand in for face-to-face conversation with familiars. Emotion may be suggested by a tremor in an upright line, an ink blot, a torn page, or a hurried scrawl. Nevertheless, it is difficult to pin these signs to a manifest emotion with certainty. And yet we should not disregard these traces altogether; they were part of an epistolary vocabulary familiar to early modern writers and readers. This chapter elucidates affective traces by reading letters written by early modern women through the literary lens of Ovid’s Heroides, a key text in humanist pedagogy with broad influence across literary and non-literary writing.

Von Hippel-Lindau disease can be inherited or may be caused by a spontaneous mutation. Individuals diagnosed with this disease are prone to developing multiple benign tumors termed hemangioblastomas. This chapter addresses the epidemiology, clinical picture, and treatment of these tumors; specifically within those patients with this genetic disorder.

Americans wrote fiercely during their civil war. War surprised, devastated, and opened up imagination, taking hold of Americans’ words as well as their homes and families. The personal diary—wildly ragged yet rooted in day following day—was one place Americans wrote their war. Diaries, then, have become one of the best-known, most-used sources for exploring the life of the mind in a war-torn place and time. Delving into several familiar wartime diaries kept by women of the southern slave-owning class, Steven Stowe recaptures their motivations to keep the days close even as war tore apart the brutal system of slavery that had benefited them. Whether the diarists recorded thoughts about themselves, their opinions about men, or their observations about slavery, race, and warfare, Stowe shows how these women, by writing the immediate moment, found meaning in a changing world. In studying the inner lives of these unsympathetic characters, Stowe also explores the importance—and the limits—of historical empathy as a condition for knowing the past. He demonstrates how the plain, first-draft text of a diary can offer new ways to make sense of the world in which these Confederate women lived.

A Clinician’s Guide to Learning Disabilities provides succinct descriptions of the various types of learning disabilities that affect educational achievement, illustrated with numerous case studies. Clear descriptions of educational assessment best practices and score reporting simplify the interpretation of psychoeducational reports. An entire chapter on historical context and legal framework describes obligatory supports for students with learning disabilities in all settings. Chapters on preschool assessment and the transition to post–high-school college and career expand the scope of the book beyond the school years. Clinicians who work in nonschool settings view learning disorders through the lens of DSM-5. They may be surprised at IDEA requirements and how the law works to identify and serve students with learning disabilities. Clinicians may not be aware that DSM-5 is not familiar in the school setting and that their diagnoses and recommendations may not have their intended effect. Through detailed examination of relevant special education requirements and procedures, this text addresses and clarifies the confusion that clinicians and families often experience about the lack of diagnostic congruence and differing terminology between DSM-5 and IDEA. No other book describes learning disorders and the psychoeducational evaluation process for mental health clinicians who work with these children and adolescents. A chapter on referral and collaboration will inform clinicians who seek deeper educational knowledge about their clients to better guide students and their families.

Conflict, Bargaining, and Kinship Networks in Medieval Eastern Europe takes the familiar view of Eastern Europe, families, and conflicts and stands it on its head. Instead of a world rife with civil war and killing, this book presents a relatively structured environment where conflict is engaged in for the purposes of advancing one’s position, and where death among the royal families is relatively rare. At the heart of this analysis is the use of situational kinship networks—relationships created by elites for the purposes of engaging in conflict with their own kin, but only for the duration of a particular conflict. A new image of medieval Eastern Europe, less consumed by civil war and mass death, will change the perception of medieval Eastern Europe in the minds of readers. This new perception is essential to not only present the past more accurately, but also to allow for medieval Eastern Europe’s integration into the larger medieval world as something other than an aberrant other.

Abstract The purpose of this book is to help graduate students successfully navigate research in applied graduate programs (e.g., psychology, mental health, education). There is no such thing as an easy research or scholarly project like a dissertation or thesis. Students typically need help navigating their way through the nuts and bolts of identifying research interests, developing a project topic, and writing and managing a project, as well as the various relationship and academic skills necessary to successfully (and sanely) complete such a project. Using well-recognized national research competency benchmarks from the field of psychology, students are guided through a comprehensive and proactive approach from the beginning to the end of the research process. Specifically, this book addresses the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary at three stages of graduate school: becoming familiar with research and scholarly work, developing a proposal and managing a project, and finalizing a final project and beyond. Ways to critically evaluate research, conduct research in applied settings, and consider ethics and professional development are reviewed. In addition, ways to foster successful mentoring relationships and work collaboratively are emphasized throughout the book. The accompanying worksheets and tables are designed to help students think through factors to consider at each stage, plan written work and timelines, self-evaluate and improve research and writing skills, and determine steps for moving forward. Recommendations are also made for faculty teaching research courses, running applied research labs, and advising, mentoring, and/or chairing.

Hispanics experience significant physical and behavioral health disparities compared to their racial and ethnic counterparts. To combat these health disparities, evidence-based interventions (EBIs) that prevent risk and promote protective factors within the broader context of culture must be systematically developed and disseminated. The purpose of this chapter is to describe key concepts related to the content and process of developing culturally relevant preventive interventions. The continuum of approaches for developing culturally relevant preventive interventions, including strengths and limitations, practical considerations, and recommendations for overcoming existing challenges, are discussed. Two exemplar preventive interventions targeting Hispanic youth and families, Criando con Amor: Promoviendo Armonia y Superación and Familias Unidas, are also highlighted. The approaches described in this chapter may maximize intervention effects and improve health outcomes for underrepresented minority groups, such as Hispanics.

As Dr. Mercer posits, the fundamentalist is fundamentally driven by anxiety layered over a fragile sense of self-identity constructed upon a system of beliefs that is both logically inconsistent and highly suspect in light of modern science. As a result, the fundamentalist completely rejects modernity while battling mightily in the arena of national politics and culture to bring about a world that aligns more closely with the fundamentalist worldview. Focusing on Christian fundamentalists, the author puts Christian fundamentalism in its historical and theological contexts. At the same time, Mercer calls upon cognitive theory to explain that the fundamentalist's life story is not particular to Christianity or any other religious belief system but that fundamentalist Catholics, Muslims, Jews, and those of all other faiths share a common psychological profile. Indeed, Mercer insists that if the Christian terminology were eliminated from contemporary fundamentalist Christian rhetoric, what would remain would be a framework that fundamentalists from other religions would find quite familiar and even comforting. In other words, the structure of the fundamentalist worldview, and the psychology beneath it, is pretty much the same across religions. It is a controversial thing to say about Christian fundamentalism, a thesis that has already proved contentious in the author's public appearances, and one that is sure to generate considerable attention and passionate debate as the U.S. populace continues to divide into opposing camps.

In the familiar tale of mass migration to France from 1880 onward, we know very little about the hundreds of thousands of women who formed a critical part of those migration waves. This book argues that their relative absence in the historical record hints at a larger and more problematic oversight — the role of sex and gender in shaping the experiences of migrants to France before the Second World War. This compelling history of social citizenship demonstrates how, through the routine application of social policies, state and social actors worked separately toward a shared goal: repopulating France with immigrant families. Filled with voices gleaned from census reports, municipal statistics, naturalization dossiers, court cases, police files, and social worker registers, the book shows how France welcomed foreign-born men and women — mobilizing naturalization, family law, social policy, and welfare assistance to ensure they would procreate, bearing French-assimilated children. Immigrants often embraced these policies because they, too, stood to gain from pensions, family allowances, unemployment benefits, and French nationality. By striking this bargain, they were also guaranteed safety and stability on a tumultuous continent. The book concludes that, in return for generous social provisions and refuge in dark times, immigrants joined the French nation through marriage and reproduction, breadwinning and child-rearing — in short, through families and family-making — which made them more French than even formal citizenship status could.

The final chapter summarizes the benefits of clinician support for students and families who experience academic challenges and learning problems. A review of issues covered in this volume includes the definition of learning disability, challenges in understanding differences between school and external evaluations, differences in terminology, and the lack of congruence between parental expectations for schools and what schools may actually (and appropriately) offer. Recommendations for clinicians include the importance of obtaining a thorough academic history and consideration of school performance as a critical piece of the diagnostic and treatment picture. The impact of related disorders, such as ADHD and executive function deficits, is discussed. Clinicians are advised to become familiar with school-based legal requirements, evaluations, and identification procedures for the benefit of students and their parents.

Liberty. Justice. Nature. Law. First formulated millennia ago by the founding philosophers of the Western tradition, these basic concepts of human thought remain central to our conception of ourselves, our place in the world, and our relationships with others-that is, our politics. Readers encountering such broad political concepts, their practical expressions in political movements and systems of government, the ideas of influential ancient and modern political thinkers—or simply familiar or unfamiliar catchphrases for which they would like a succinct yet informative explanation—will welcome this accessible encyclopedic guide. The major political concepts, themes, issues, movements, groups, and schools that have developed over time and shaped our modern world appear here in all their diversity, along with biographical entries and articles on the principal works of political theorists from Plato to John Rawls. Further, serious students and browsers alike will delight in the numerous entries on familiar quotations and political catchphrases, from the banality of evil and Big Brother to the war of all against all.

This chapter considers the relationship between intellectual difficulty and moral responsibility. It focuses on this question: if it is difficult for us to come to believe the truth about some matter, and we do not in fact come to believe it, so that we are ignorant of that matter, does that affect our responsibility if we then act from our ignorance? Answering this question requires getting clearer on both intellectual difficulty and moral responsibility for actions done from ignorance. This chapter takes up both tasks, distinguishing three different kinds of intellectual difficulty—skill-related difficulty in performing, effort-related difficulty in performing, and difficulty in trying—and two different families of views regarding moral responsibility: agential control views and agential revelation views. The chapter then considers the interaction between these different kinds of intellectual difficulty and these different views of moral responsibility, focusing particularly on the familiar case of the Ancient Slaveholder.

The discovery of a thin glomerular basement membrane in a renal biopsy without any other abnormalities can be explained in a number of ways. This could be an early biopsy in a patient with Alport syndrome, or it could be an individual who is a carrier for an Alport gene. These carriers are at increased risk of significant renal disease in their lifetime and some have proteinuria as well as haematuria, so they can no longer be equated with the historic label of benign familial haematuria. Some families with a thin glomerular basement membrane and haematuria inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion do not appear to have linkage to COL4 genes. Others have variable renal disease that has sometimes given rise to a label of mild but autosomal dominant Alport syndrome. This territory might also attract the label basement membrane 345 collagenopathy. Other uncommon conditions affecting the glomerular basement membrane include nail patella syndrome.

The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.

Over the last two hundred years, Buddhists have witnessed incredible transformations, and often they have participated in making them. Throughout history, religious systems have been intimately connected to economics, politics, and societies. These relationships were profoundly affected in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the loss of monarchies and the advents of print technology, capitalism, socialism, and the nation-state. Such transformations had enormous impacts on Buddhism. The changes manifested both within Buddhist populated countries and beyond through Buddhist transnational organizations and Buddhist diasporas. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Buddhism tracks these changes to Buddhists, their rituals, and beliefs in the colonial and postcolonial world. Leading scholars in Buddhism have authored 41 chapters, divided into two parts. Part I contains chapters on the historical transformation of Buddhist traditions around the world and their interactions with globalization. Each chapter provides a background for the Buddhist tradition and then the ways in which it has changed with modernity. These chapters range from the more familiar traditions, such as Tibetan Buddhism, to the less familiar, such as Buddhism in Latin America and Africa. Part II contains chapters devoted to particular themes and their interactions with Buddhism, such as Buddhist approaches to gender, sexual orientation, and race. These chapters also examine the impacts of subjects such as technology, music, and architecture on Buddhism, as well as changes to the academic study of Buddhism itself.