Academic literature on the topic 'Familiarity threat'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Familiarity threat.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Familiarity threat"
1
Hussey, Roger. "The Familiarity Threat and Auditor Independence." Corporate Governance: An International Review 7, no. 2 (April 1999): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00146.
Full text
2
Calvo, Manuel G., and Michael W. Eysenck. "Affective significance enhances covert attention: Roles of anxiety and word familiarity." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61, no. 11 (November 2008): 1669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210701743700.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the processing of emotional words by covert attention, threat-related, positive, and neutral word primes were presented parafoveally (2.2° away from fixation) for 150 ms, under gaze-contingent foveal masking, to prevent eye fixations. The primes were followed by a probe word in a lexical-decision task. In Experiment 1, results showed a parafoveal threat–anxiety superiority: Parafoveal prime threat words facilitated responses to probe threat words for high-anxiety individuals, in comparison with neutral and positive words, and relative to low-anxiety individuals. This reveals an advantage in threat processing by covert attention, without differences in overt attention. However, anxiety was also associated with greater familiarity with threat words, and the parafoveal priming effects were significantly reduced when familiarity was covaried out. To further examine the role of word knowledge, in Experiment 2, vocabulary and word familiarity were equated for low- and high-anxiety groups. In these conditions, the parafoveal threat–anxiety advantage disappeared. This suggests that the enhanced covert-attention effect depends on familiarity with words.
3
Wich, Serge, and Elisabeth Sterck. "Familiarity and threat of opponents determine variation in Thomas langur (Presbytis thomasi) male behaviour during between-group encounters." Behaviour 144, no. 12 (2007): 1583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907782512065.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDuring between-group encounters in primates, males often defend mates, food or infants against other males. Males, however, show variation in contests between opponents. In other taxa, such variation has been attributed to variation in familiarity with or threat of opponents. Here we present the results of analyses of between-group encounter intensity variation in Thomas langurs while controlling for threat when evaluating familiarity and vice versa. Encounter intensity was measured by the proportion of encounters with chases and the number of loud calls per minute during the encounter given by the focal male. The results indicate that both familiarity and threat influence encounter intensity. Less familiar opponents had more intense encounters and opponents that differed in the threat level to each other also had more intense encounters. Thus, Thomas langur males seem to incorporate information on both the level of threat and familiarity of other males to make a decision on how to react during a between-group encounter.
4
Müller, Corsin A., and Marta B. Manser. "‘Nasty neighbours’ rather than ‘dear enemies’ in a social carnivore." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1612 (January 16, 2007): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0222.
Full textAbstract:
Territorial animals typically respond less aggressively to neighbours than to strangers. This ‘dear enemy effect’ has been explained by differing familiarity or by different threat levels posed by neighbours and strangers. In most species, both the familiarity and the threat-level hypotheses predict a stronger response to strangers than to neighbours. In contrast, the threat-level hypothesis predicts a stronger response to neighbours than to strangers in species with intense competition between neighbours and with residents outnumbering strangers, as commonly found in social mammals such as the banded mongoose ( Mungos mungo ). The familiarity hypothesis predicts reduced aggression towards neighbours also in these species. We exposed free-living banded mongoose groups to translocated scent marks of neighbouring groups and strangers. Groups vocalized more and inspected more samples in response to olfactory cues of the neighbours than to the strangers. Our results support the threat-level hypothesis and contradict the familiarity hypothesis. We suggest that increased aggression towards neighbours is more common in social species with intense competition between neighbours, as opposed to reduced aggression towards neighbours typical for most solitary species.
5
Granroth-Wilding, Hanna M. V., and Anne E. Magurran. "Asymmetry in pay-off predicts how familiar individuals respond to one another." Biology Letters 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2013): 20130025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0025.
Full textAbstract:
Familiarity influences individual decision-making in many vertebrate species. Here, we propose that familiarity modulates behaviour to different extents depending on the social context of the interaction. Specifically, the more that one player stands to gain relative to the other, the less important familiarity will be in influencing their responses to one another. We test this prediction using pairs of male guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) in three competitive scenarios of increasing asymmetry in outcome to the two players: schooling under potential threat (similar outcomes), competing for a defensible food source (some asymmetry) and competing for a receptive female (strongly asymmetrical outcomes). Males show a graded response as asymmetry increases, with familiarity producing marked behavioural differences under potential threat, minor changes when competing for food, but none at all in competition for mating opportunities. This suggests that mutualistic benefits can arise as a by-product of selfish behaviour, supporting the role of pseudo-reciprocity in the evolution of cooperation.
6
Crawford, Brian A., Caleb R. Hickman, and Thomas M. Luhring. "Testing the Threat-Sensitive Hypothesis with Predator Familiarity and Dietary Specificity." Ethology 118, no. 1 (November 14, 2011): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01983.x.
Full text
7
Mazerolle, Marie, Isabelle Régner, François Rigalleau, and Pascal Huguet. "Stereotype Threat Alters the Subjective Experience of Memory." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 6 (November 2015): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000303.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. There is now evidence that negative age-related stereotypes about memory reduce older adults’ memory performance, and inflate age differences in this domain. Here, we examine whether stereotype threat may also influence the basic feeling that one is more or less able to remember. Using the Remember/Know paradigm, we demonstrated that stereotype threat conducted older adults to a greater feeling of familiarity with events, while failing to retrieve any contextual detail. This finding indicates that stereotype threat alters older adults’ subjective experience of memory, and strengthens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stereotype threat effects.
8
Beattie, Molly C., and Paul A. Moore. "Predator recognition of chemical cues in crayfish: diet and experience influence the ability to detect predation threats." Behaviour 155, no. 6 (2018): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003501.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAquatic prey often alter their morphology, physiology, and/or behaviour when presented with predatory chemical cues which are heavily influenced by the diet of the predator. We tested the roles that diet and prey familiarity with predators play in the ability of prey to recognize predator threats. Odours from two fish, bass and cichlid fed a vegetarian, protein, heterospecific, and a conspecific diet, were collected and presented to virile crayfish in a choice arena. Our results show that crayfish altered their behaviour in the presence of odours containing conspecific, as opposed to heterospecific diets, but only from familiar predators. A reduced anti-predator response was measured with odours from an unfamiliar predator fed conspecific crayfish. Therefore, crayfish may be able to determine different threat levels based on the different dietary cues from a potential predator, but only when the prey have familiarity with the predators.
9
Bamber, E. Michael, and Venkataraman M. Iyer. "Auditors' Identification with Their Clients and Its Effect on Auditors' Objectivity." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 26, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2007.26.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
This study empirically models auditors' relationships with their clients. The Independence Standards Board (ISB 2000) identified auditors' familiarity with the client as one of five threats to auditor independence. Yet familiarity with the client is necessary for auditors to understand the client well enough to plan and perform an effective and efficient audit. We introduce a theory-based measure of the extent to which auditors identify with a client, which we then use to directly measure auditors' attachment to the client and the threat of this attachment to auditors' objectivity. The responses of 252 practicing auditors support our theoretical predictions. Specifically, we find that auditors do identify with their clients and that auditors who identify more with a client are more likely to acquiesce to the client-preferred position. On the other hand, more experienced auditors and auditors who exhibit higher levels of professional identification are less likely to acquiesce to the client's position.
10
Husak, Jerry F. "Signal use by collared lizards, Crotaphytus collaris : the effects of familiarity and threat." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55, no. 6 (April 1, 2004): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-003-0748-3.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Familiarity threat"
1
Fonseca, Ricardo Jorge Rodrigues Moita da. "Familiarity, challenge and processing of persuasion messages." Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário das Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1746.
Full textAbstract:
Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Psicologia na área de especialização de Psicologia Social realizada sob a orientação de Teresa Garcia-Marques e co-orientação de James BlascovichThis thesis investigates the relationship between an experience of familiarity and a motivational state of challenge with how information is processed in a persuasion context. Previous research on social cognition has suggested that familiarity not only impacts a wide range of cognitive processes, but also regulates the activation of a more analytic information-processing mode, an assumption of the Familiarity of As a Regulation Mechanism model (Garcia-Marques, 1999; Garcia-Marques et al., 2010). On a different field, research on the Biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (Blascovich et al., 1993, 1999) has suggested that familiarity influences the activation of a motivational state of challenge. These two approaches suggest, therefore, that an experience of familiarity is able to influence both cognitive and motivational processes features. The overlap between the assumptions underlying both approaches is here explored being suggested the possibility that they might be closely related. For example, both approaches assume that an experience of familiarity signals individuals with necessary resources available and accessible in memory to deal with the situation. In this thesis, we have explored the relationship between these two approaches developing four experiments that could simultaneously inform about information-processing modes and assess the cardiovascular responses that typically map the motivational state. Experiment 1 showed the expected association of familiarity with non-analytical processing and at the same time the exhibition of a challenge type of cardiovascular responses. Interestingly these two effects that were activated by the same source, familiarity, did not seem to be related. Neither the observed cardiovascular indexes explained why individuals engaged in less analytic processing, nor did this processing mode was associated with the cardiovascular indexes. To continue exploring the relationship between these two effects, experiment 2 tested if the motivational state of challenge could promote less analytic processing by itself. Although the manipulation of motivational challenge did in fact influence how information was processed and was associated with the correspondent cardiovascular pattern of challenge, once again, the cardiovascular indexes were not related with the cognitive effect. The subsequent studies were designed to directly test the observed independence of both processes. We hypothesized that this observed dissociation could be in some way related with the fact that both processes depend on different levels of task-engagement. Experiment 3 replicates experiment 2 by manipulating the motivational state of challenge and adding to it a manipulation of task-engagement (presence versus absence of an observer). Results revealed that the two previously observed effects were only found in the task-engagement condition (i.e. in the presence of the observer). In experiment 4, we went back to the original study of the experience of familiarity and thus replicated experiment 1, adding to it the same manipulation of task-engagement. Results revealed that although the motivational effects disappeared in the low engagement condition (i.e. those who were alone), the cognitive impact was always observed regardless of the task-engagement level. To our view, these results are suggesting that the two effects here approached – the cognitive and motivational impact of familiarity, are related indeed. However, they are related under specific conditions, for example, the degree with which individuals are engaged with the task. As such, we claim that their co-occurrence does not mean that they are part of the same process. This assumption is discussed and a set of new experiments is proposed to further support it.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
2
Jäderklint, Daniel. "CORONAPANDEMINS PÅVERKAN PÅ REVISORERS OBEROENDE." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20147.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: I slutet av 2019 upptäcktes coronaviruset vilket föranledde den pandemi vi befinner oss i än idag. Tidigare studier visar på att en kris likt coronapandemin kan innebära förändringar hos revisorers oberoende. Olika företagsskandaler och andra kriser har inneburit att revisionslagar och regler kopplade till revisorers oberoende fått genomgå förändringar. Många tidigare studier belyser en ökad press hos revisorerna i samband med kriser likt coronapandemin. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att utreda hur revisorers oberoende har blivit påverkat av coronapandemin och om pandemin lett till en påverkan på revisorernas förmåga att följa principer och lagar. Metod: Vid datainsamlingen i studien har kvalitativ metod använts. Studien gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med auktoriserade och erfarna revisorer. Urvalet bestod av revisorer med lång erfarenhet vilket innebar att de arbetat med revision både innan och under coronapandemin. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar på att revisorers oberoende har varit opåverkat under coronapandemin men att andra faktorer under revisionen har påverkats. Faktorer så som arbetssättet och att fler uppgifter tillkommit. I empirin framkom det att de intervjuade revisorerna ändå har upplevt en ökad press bland annat i bedömningen om företags fortsatta drift. Många företag har haft det tufft i coronapandemin vilket har lett till att revisorer fått medverka i en del obekväma diskussioner med klienter men enligt revisorerna har det ändå inte påverkat deras oberoendeställning. Det framkom också att revisorerna inte såg en ökad risk för vänskapshot när revision sker på distans. Slutligen har revisorerna fått i uppdrag att granska olika stödåtgärder under pandemin. Dessa granskningsåtgärder kan anses gynna revisionens roll som ett legitimitetsstärkande verktyg för företag.Background: The COVID-19 virus was first observed in late 2019. This virus has set the stage for the pandemic situation we still are living in today. Earlier studies show that a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic may result in changes in auditor independence. Different business scandals as well as other crises has resulted in changes in auditing laws and regulations connected to auditor independence. Several studies also express an increasing pressure for auditors during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine how auditor independence has been affected due to COVID-19 and if the pandemic situation has resulted in an effect on the auditors’ ability to follow auditing laws and regulations. Method: In order to collect data a qualitative method has been used. The study used semi-structured interviews with authorized and well-experienced auditors. The sample consisted of experienced auditors who have worked in the field of auditing both before and during the pandemic. Result and conclusion: The result of the study shows that auditor independence has not been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study does however show that other factors of the auditing has been affected. Factors such as changes in working methods and additional work tasks to be completed. In the empirical findings it was shown that the interviewed auditors had been experiencing an increased pressure in connection with their assessment of the companies’ going concern. Many companies have been experiencing a tough economic situation during the coronavirus pandemic, which has led to auditors having uncomfortable discussions with clients. However, according to the auditors interviewed the auditor independence have not been affected. Moreover, the empirical findings show that the auditors did not see an increased risk for familiarity threat when the auditing is held virtually. Lastly, the result of the study show that auditors have taken on the responsibility to revise different support measures during the pandemic. These revisions can be seen as a way of promoting the role of auditing as a tool for companies to achieve legitimacy.
3
Souza, Carla Moura de Melo. "A resposta do consumidor ao uso do humor em serviços: os papéis de ameaça, credibilidade e familiaridade." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8186.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T13:59:23Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T14:11:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T14:11:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T14:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28
Quando as pessoas estão felizes, tendem a avaliar produtos e serviços de uma maneira mais positiva. Esta parece ser o objetivo subjacente ao uso crescente do humor nos serviços: induzir um estado afetivo positivo. Há relatos de sucesso do seu emprego em hospitais, escolas e instituições de treinamento. A literatura corrobora esta prática de promover estados afetivos positivos no consumidor, pois as avaliações costumam ser congruentes com o estado afetivo. Entretanto, algumas vezes, o humor não apenas não consegue gerar uma atitude favorável como até potencializa atitudes negativas. O objetivo desta Tese é sugerir e testar variáveis moderadoras que possam explicar este comportamento. Os resultados mostraram que a Ameaça modera a relação entre Humor e Atitude Relativa ao serviço assim como a relação entre Humor e Desejo de Experimentar o serviço. Esta Tese também propôs como hipótese que a Credibilidade e a Familiaridade poderiam diminuir ou eliminar o efeito redutor da Ameaça sobre a avaliação dos serviços com humor. Esta hipótese não foi confirmada para Credibilidade nos experimentos realizados, mas confirmou-se para Familiaridade. Portanto, Familiaridade provou ser uma condição segura para fundamentar o serviço com humor.
When people are happy they tend to evaluate products and services in a more positive manner. This seems to be the implicit objective behind the increasing use of humor in services: inducing a positive mood state. There are several examples of successful implementation of humor at hospitals, schools, training and educational facilities. Literature supports the practice of promoting consumer positive affective states: during evaluative judgments individuals use affective information in a congruent manner. However, sometimes humor cannot produce favorable attitudes and even magnifies negative ones. The goal of this thesis is to suggest and empirically test moderator variables that can explain this behavior. This thesis argues that when consumers anticipate potential damage to their well-being or self-esteem at the service, they feel threatened and evaluate service with humor poorly in comparison with the no humor alternative. The logic behind this hypothesis is that humor is ambiguous and his hostile and deprecating side would be considered in a situation of perceived threat, turning evaluations unfavorably or less favorably. The results show that threat moderates the relation between humor and service attitude and humor and willingness to try the service. This thesis also hypothesized that credibility and familiarity could reduce or eliminate the negative effect of threat on evaluations of services with humor. This hypothesis doesn’t hold for credibility, but it holds for familiarity. Therefore familiarity proved to be a safe ground to build service humor.
4
Ida, Pettersson. "Versus Associations : The familiarity between different influences. Patched together." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4749.
Full textAbstract:
In this text I am investigating the relationship between craft, fine art and kitsch/popular culture through the making of a three-dimensional pattern in patchwork technique. I apply the investigation to my working technique by comparing certain examples of fine art pieces with kitsch items. A method that during the process was named Versus Associations. I have connected the art pieces and kitsch items through this method of associations based on their similarities in colors and composition. The aim of the pattern is to mediate color interactions that make up a visual illusion. I want to make the beholders curious of what is happening in the pattern and show that it can affect them physically.Due to copyright some pictures has been removed. Numbers, representing these pictures, with attached web links can be found in references.
5
Wynter, Matthew M. "Three Essays On International Finance." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397128263.
Full text
6
Yang, Juo-Yi, and 楊若怡. "Three Affecting Factors of Taiwanese Consumers'' Choices of Laptop Computers: Country Image of Brands, Product Familiarity, Identification with Taiwanese Products." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24756957739355744321.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
社會學系
91
By comparing the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan, the thesis examines whether and how consumer’s choices of laptop computers are affected by the three followings factors: country image of brands, consumer’s familiarity with products, and consumer’s identification with his or her own country’s products. The study adopted the theoretical sampling principle, collected data through in-depth interviews, and employed quantitative and qualitative analytical methods. We have five findings. First, the U.S., Japan and Taiwan all carry their own unique country images of brands. Specifically, the U.S. is famous for its global competitiveness, Japan for its special product designs, creativity and the cultural background of users, and Taiwan for the competitive product prices. In addition, the composition of country images of brands can affect the reasons that Taiwanese consumers purchase laptop computers, and different countries have different notable compositions. Namely, in the U.S.’s image of brands, technology in product image and service in enterprise image are especially important; in Japan’s image of brands, quality in product image, reputation in enterprise image, and cultural background in user image stand out; in Taiwan’s image of brands, quality in product image and price in enterprise image are prominent features. Second, image of country-of-origin as a stereotype affects consumer’s buying choice only when he or she can compare and distinguish the products from a developed country and those from a developing country. Third, when one is familiar with products, the product knowledge one has can either affect one’s buying choice directly or construct the objective portion of the country image of brands and then through it to affect one’s buying choice. On the contrary, when one is unfamiliar with products, the subjective portion of the country image of brands, namely the stereotype, is the affecting factor of the consumer’s choice of product. Fourth, the aspiration to the Western products may inference Taiwanese consumers’ consuming pattern through cultural acceptation only when these consumers are economically capable to do so. Fifth, when a Taiwanese consumer is unfamiliar with products, the identification with Taiwan’s products may have the chance to affect his or her consuming choice.
Books on the topic "Familiarity threat"
1
Spelman, Henry. Introduction to Part Two. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821274.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This introduction announces the theme of the next three chapters: Pindar’s sense of literary history and specifically his use of other lyric poetry. Pindar capitalizes on his audiences’ familiarity with other lyric to an extent that has perhaps not yet been adequately recognized. His poems use related poetry to tell stories about themselves and their place in life. By examining different sorts of references and allusions across the corpus, one can discern a coherent view of the poetic world, both past and present. Understanding Pindar entails understanding an immanent literary history that reaches into and shapes his present. Methodological and historical questions of early Greek intertextuality are addressed.
2
Pavlenko, Aneta. Language Management in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and Post-Soviet Countries. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0032.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines four aspects of language management—nativization, linguistic assimilation, de-russification, and bilingual education—in the multilingual territory first occupied by the Russian Empire, then by the USSR, and then by the successor states. The rationale for this diachronic approach is twofold. The three settings are interrelated: post-Soviet developments cannot be fully understood outside their historic context, just as the full impact of Soviet language policies can only be established through the post-Soviet lens. In addition, sociolinguists generally lack familiarity with Russian and Soviet language management. The discussion focuses on the territories occupied by the fourteen successor states and on their titular languages; the processes taking place in the Russian Federation are sufficiently different to merit a separate review.
3
Nicholson, Catherine. Commonplace Shakespeare. Edited by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607747.013.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Appearing in 1609, the quarto editions of Troilus and Cressida and Shake-speares Sonnets offer contradictory lessons in the twin economies of literature and sex. Both are prefaced by boasts of their unsullied novelty: Troilus is ‘a new play, neuer stal’d with the Stage, neuer clapper-clawd with the palmes of the vulgar’; the Sonnets are poems ‘neuer before imprinted’. At the same time, each invites its readers to recognize—and value—the familiarity of what they contain: words whose richness inheres in their resemblance to what has already been said and written by others. These competing models of literary value parallel a debate within each text about the objects of erotic desire, which either thrive on ‘increase’ or wither as they grow common. Critical responses to Troilus and the Sonnets tend to recapitulate that debate, revealing a continuous thread of anxiety about the incommensurable values on which poetic (and sexual) reputations are founded.
4
Lorence, James J. Confronting Domestic Anti-Communism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037559.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter illustrates how, after relocating in Denver, Jencks immediately became engaged in the preparation of a national campaign from the International office, designed to familiarize Mine-Mill members and the wider labor audience with the attack on the union and its leaders. The International concurred in Local 890's widely publicized judgment that there had been “nothing subversive” about Mine-Mill's making a movie to tell the story of the strike. The International called for concerted action to ensure the “protection of our members,” starting with a demand that the false charges against Jencks be dismissed. The International's action, which stressed the danger to civil liberties and the threat of further legislative restrictions on labor, marked the beginning of a long and perilous road for the Jenckses.
5
Renker, Elizabeth. Poetic Realisms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808787.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter argues that multiple heterogeneous subtypes of realist poems circulated actively and to a broad readership during the postbellum period. These subtypes included but were not limited to the three heuristic categories presented in this chapter: gothic and phantasmagoric realism; social or earthly realism; and comic, commercial, and advertising realism. These subtypes often work in implicit modes of relation to the explicit romance/realist binary formulations traced in Chapter 2. Those explicit formulations undergird how these more implicit versions played out in a larger print-culture conversation. Yet, over the long history of scholarship that assumed a priori that poems were not an active part of “realism,” these implicit and attenuated realist poetries have been easy to miss. This chapter brings them back into a thicker history of postbellum realist poetries, demonstrating their wide circulation; their familiarity to readers; and their influence across print culture.
6
Amara, Mahfoud. Sport Labour Migrant Communities from the Maghreb in the GCC. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Qatar and the UAE in particular are emerging as a new destination for sport labor migration, including from the Maghreb and the Maghrebi community in Europe, which is the focus of this chapter. Specifically, the study examines the patterns and motives of sport labor migration in three sectors: professional football, elite sport development, and sport TV broadcasting. Migration flows in sport can be understood as a legacy of colonial history, or a dependency of former colonies upon former colonizers in social, cultural, economic, and sport domains. Sport migration is also a product of globalization characterized by increased interconnectedness between territories due to advancements in the means of transportation and communication. While it is becoming more difficult to migrate to Europe and North America, sport migrants from the Maghreb, like other Arab communities, are attracted to the GCC because it offers both material facilities and the familiarity of Arab and Islamic cultures.
7
Tolchin, Benjamin, and Gaston Baslet. Readiness to Start Treatment and Obstacles to Adherence. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Effective evidence-based psychotherapeutic regimens for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are available, but several obstacles still contribute to poor adherence to treatment. This chapter reviews the three stages at which patient dropout tends to occur in clinical practice and in studies. Patient-related, provider-related, and systemic causes of nonadherence are reviewed. Patient-related factors include a failure to accept or understand the diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidities, and ambivalence about change. Provider-related and systemic factors include a shortage of behavioral health specialists, gaps in care between neurologists and mental health providers, a lack of familiarity with the disorder, and stigmatization of patients. The chapter concludes with a review of potential interventions to address obstacles to treatment, including an integrated treatment team with joint presentation of the diagnosis, rapid and streamlined transition into psychotherapy, motivational interviewing, and engagement of patients’ family members and support systems.
8
Ginsborg, Jane. Small ensembles in rehearsal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199346677.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Research on music performance as creative practice includes the study of rehearsal and preparation for performance. This chapter investigates creativity as demonstrated both by the individual members of small groups of two to five musicians rehearsing western classical (i.e. notated) music, and between the members of each group. Rehearsal activities—what actually happens when people play and/or sing together—depend on numerous factors, including the group’s goals not only for rehearsal but also for performance, the size of the group, the genre of the music, the performers’ expertise as individual and ensemble musicians, and the length of time available for rehearsal. Long-established groups may prepare for performances by drawing on years of experience, but there are also many examples of ‘instant’, temporary groups or partnerships that have much more limited rehearsal time. Creativity in rehearsal is discussed particularly in the context of research with singer–pianist duos of differing levels of expertise and familiarity, exploring their use of verbal and nonverbal communication and musical behaviours in single rehearsals and series of rehearsals, and with three ensembles made up of student musicians who produced practice diaries.
9
Hellman, Samuel B. Learning While Caring. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650551.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Learning While Caring is about what the author has learned during his half-century career as a cancer doctor. During this time, medicine has changed greatly. It has become more scientifically based, more institutionally located, and now comprises almost one-fifth of the US economy. Despite these changes, much remains the same, especially the primary obligation of the doctor to the patient. Also during this period, most of the developed world has recognized health care as a right for all its members. This has been resulted in greatly improved care for many, but not for all. For the last 25 years the United States has been experimenting on how this should be achieved, beginning with the proposed but not enacted Clinton Health Security proposal and currently with the Affordable Care Act. While efficiency and cost control are essential, cost cannot be the only parameter of success. Access to high-quality health care must be made available to all. Proper education for an informed public must include an understanding of the general principles of biology, while that of a doctor must result in a familiarity with the humanities and social sciences. An academic physician has three responsibilities: patient care, teaching, and research. These latter two, while essential, must not conflict, compromise, or limit the doctor-patient relationship. This book is about the author’s activities in all three endeavors. Since his specialty is oncology, this is the major subject, but most of the information is applicable to all caring physicians.
10
Davies, Vanessa, and Dimitri Laboury, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Paleography. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190604653.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Epigraphy and palaeography are ways of recording, analyzing, and interpreting texts and images. This Handbook discusses technical issues about recording text and art and interpretive questions about what we do with those records and why we do it. The Handbook aims to • discuss current theories with regard to the cultural setting and material realities in which Egyptian epigraphy was produced;• familiarize the reader with epigraphic techniques and practices; and• outline and review traditional and emerging techniques and challenges as a guide for future research. The chapters offer a diachronic perspective, covering all Egyptian scripts from prehistoric through Coptic, a look at recording techniques that considers past, present, and future, and a focus on colleagues’ experiences. The diachronic perspective illustrates the range of techniques used to record different phases of writing in different media. The consideration of past, present, and future techniques allows readers to understand why particular strategies are or were employed by linking the aims of an effort with the chosen technique. The choice of techniques is a matter of goals and the records’ work circumstances, an inevitable consequence of epigraphy being a double projection: geometrical, transcribing in two dimensions an object that exists physically in three, and mental, an interpretation, with an inevitable selection among the object’s defining characteristics. Colleagues’ experiences provide a range of perspectives and opinions. These accounts are interesting and instructive stories of innovation in the face of scientific conundrum.
Book chapters on the topic "Familiarity threat"
1
Torres, Eduardo, Sergio Olavarrieta, and Cristobal Barra. "Brand Familiarity in Latin America: A New Three-Dimensional Conceptualization and Measure." In Marketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment, 483. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19428-8_121.
Full text
2
Garrett, Steven L. "Three-Dimensional Enclosures." In Understanding Acoustics, 621–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_13.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this chapter, solutions to the wave equation that satisfies the boundary conditions within three-dimensional enclosures of different shapes are derived. This treatment is very similar to the two-dimensional solutions for waves on a membrane of Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_6. Many of the concepts introduced in Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_6#Sec1 for rectangular membranes and Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_6#Sec5 for circular membranes are repeated here with only slight modifications. These concepts include separation of variables, normal modes, modal degeneracy, and density of modes, as well as adiabatic invariance and the splitting of degenerate modes by perturbations. Throughout this chapter, familiarity with the results of Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_6 will be assumed. The similarities between the standing-wave solutions within enclosures of different shapes are stressed. At high enough frequencies, where the individual modes overlap, statistical energy analysis will be introduced to describe the diffuse (reverberant) sound field.
3
Nortvedt, G. A., K. B. Bratting, O. Kovpanets, A. Pettersen, and A. Rohatgi. "Improving Equity Through National-Level Assessment Initiatives." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 225–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_9.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter investigates how a national-level assessment initiative may improve equity in early years numeracy education, taking the Norwegian mapping tests for primary grades 1–3 as an example. Three assessments, one test for each grade level, were launched in the 2013–2014 school year and have been used every year since. In accordance with Nordic model principles, the test content is available to teachers to ensure familiarity with the test content and the formative use of the assessment outcomes to improve teaching and learning for students identified as at risk of lagging behind. Analysis of student data reveals that, 6 years after the first implementation, no inflation can be seen in test scores. Thus, an exposed assessment may remain robust within an educational system that aspires to transparency, such as the Norwegian one. However, analyses of interview data and achievement data reveal that teachers often struggle to use the assessment outcomes to improve teaching. These results suggest that the initiative to improve equity in primary school numeracy education depends on teachers’ assessment literacy. In accordance with Nordic model principles, schools have significant autonomy and are responsible for identifying professional development needs for their teachers. This research confirms the dilemmas in the Nordic model between national-level and local initiatives and responsibilities.
4
Bixler, Brian S., Jeffrey Dunn, and Traci Grundland. "Operations of the Los Angeles Police Department Threat Management Unit and Crisis Support Response Section." In International Handbook of Threat Assessment, edited by J. Reid Meloy and Jens Hoffmann, 454–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190940164.003.0026.
Full textAbstract:
The Los Angeles Police Department has developed a systematic approach to investigating and managing cases involving stalking, workplace violence, and threats to high-profile individuals, including celebrities and elected officials. The authors note that there is no checklist or “one size fits all” formula to successfully manage these cases. From the law enforcement perspective, successful case management comes from experience, a fundamental understanding of threat assessment principles, in-depth familiarity with applicable laws, and knowing the available resources within jurisdictional control. This chapter explores the nuances inherent in investigations of this type, the necessity to integrate multiple avenues of prevention and intervention, and the critical role that mental health plays.
5
M., Sujaritha, and Shunmuga Priya S. "Security Attacks on Internet of Things." In Privacy and Security Challenges in Location Aware Computing, 148–76. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7756-1.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Today's digital world has been turned into a classy one due to the emerging technology, Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is about connecting any device to any other device or object or person or any entity of interest. Through internet, the connectivity span is increased making it a fully linked environment. An attack is a threat that can harm any component of a system. In case of IoT, such attacks may take place at any level, software, hardware, network, etc. Stakeholders of IoT, designers, developers, or users must know the range of attacks associated with every segment of IoT. In this regard, this chapter gives an eye opener for getting familiarity with various types of attacks at all levels. Also, to take care of attacks prone systems, the concepts of threat modeling with supporting details are discussed in this chapter.
6
Wohlforth, William C. "2. Realism and foreign policy." In Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708902.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter considers how familiarity with realist theory improves foreign policy analysis (FPA), focusing on two features of realism that are often in tension with each other: its firm grounding in centuries of real foreign policy practice, and its aspiration to create powerful general theories that help to simplify and explain the international setting in which foreign policy takes place. The chapter begins with a discussion of the main theoretical schools within realism, namely, classical realism, defensive realism, offensive realism, and neoclassical realism, as well as theories within realism: balance of power theory, balance of threat theory, hegemonic stability theory, and power transition theory. It also examines how realism is applied to the analysis and practice of foreign policy and highlights the main pitfalls in applying realist theories to FPA. Finally, it evaluates some guidelines for avoiding those pitfalls and using realist insights to sharpen the analysis of foreign policy.
7
Stevenson, Randall. "‘Time is Over’: Postmodern Times." In Reading the Times, 160–219. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401555.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The Cold War and the nuclear threat made it as difficult, after 1945, to look forward affirmatively as to look back. Enlightenment ideas of a ‘project of modernity’ gave way to postmodern scepticism and stasis, reflected by Samuel Beckett and the nouveau roman, and in other ways in the fiction of Malcolm Lowry and Thomas Mann and the repetitive chronologies of Joyce Cary, Lawrence Durrell and others. After the 1960s, authors such as Muriel Spark confronted the Holocaust and recent history more directly, as in later decades did Ian McEwan, Martin Amis, Graham Swift and others. In this fiction, and generally later in the century, concerns with the clock’s constraints were diminished by long familiarity and by several new factors. These included technologies of film, video, globalised media and the internet, along with increased international travel and encounters with less industrialised cultures. Science fiction, too, and imagination of time-travel, was both symptomatic yet partly redemptive of horological stress. There remained, however, numerous (often historical) novels by authors such as Gabriel García Marquéz, Salman Rushdie, Alasdair Gray and Thomas Pynchon – re-examining, in Mason & Dixon, C18th practices of global measurement – still concerned with the stresses clockwork chronology imposed on modern history.
8
Valentine, Scott. "Wind Power in Denmark." In Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
In technological policy literature, the term “path dependency” frequently emerges in attempts to explain why a given technological track develops. The premise behind the notion of technological path dependency is that historical social, technological, economic, and political forces foster conditions for a particular technology to thrive. Once a technology becomes dominant, vested interests—which profit from the technology—hinder radical change, because change carries an implicit threat that those benefitting from the status quo might suffer an erosion of economic benefits. To illustrate path dependency, consider the history of the QWERTY keyboard (referring to the sequencing of letters from left to right on the top row of a standard computer keyboard). Keyboards on typewriters were designed in this way to reduce mechanical type hammers from clashing with each other. Over time, type hammers were made obsolete by type-balls. Nevertheless, the QWERTY keyboard remained unchanged (even in this day of computerized word processing)—despite the fact that research has shown the QWERTY layout to be inferior in terms of optimizing typing speed. This layout has perpetuated because legions of typists have learned on the QWERTY keyboard; therefore, technological familiarity has insulated this design feature from change. The notion of path dependency is relevant to the story of wind power development in Denmark because, as will be described in this chapter, a number of social, economic, technological, and political forces shepherded Denmark’s ascent to the top position as the nation with the world’s highest percentage of wind power contributing to national electricity generation. In addition to illustrating the influence of technological momentum, there are two other contemplative policy insights to be gleaned from studying wind power diffusion in Denmark. First, Denmark’s wind power development experience demonstrates that grassroots support mechanisms which engage communities and individuals in the development process bolster the effectiveness of economic incentives. Second, Denmark’s wind power story demonstrates that establishing a technological foothold is never a guarantee of uncontested market entrenchment. As any technology matures, its impact on society, business and political fortunes evolves.
9
Hamburg, David A., and Beatrix A. Hamburg. "Ethnic, Religious, and Nationalist Factors in Human Conflict." In Learning to Live Together. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195157796.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary education must try hard to understand where we as a species came from and how our ancient heritage and recent historical transformation contribute to our current tendencies toward hatred and violence. If we are to overcome or control these destructive tendencies, we must grasp the powerful currents that make the task at once difficult and essential. Development of our ancestors took place in the context of small, face-to-face groups that provided the security of familiarity, support in times of stress, shared coping strategies, and enduring attachments that sustained hope and adaptation for a lifetime. Reciprocity was crucial in relationships, both within and between groups. Disapproval in the form of reduced sharing, social isolation, and the threat of rejection from one’s group were powerful sanctions that reinforced conformity to group norms. Indeed, the importance of sharing within the primary group was strongly conveyed to children from infancy onward. These basic facts of small-scale, traditional life have been enduring and powerful from earliest mankind to the present day. They apply to the hunting and gathering societies in which our ancient ancestors spent several million years, to the extended families of agricultural village societies, and to the primary groups of the homogeneous neighborhoods in preindustrial towns of the past that foreshadowed modern industrial and postindustrial societies. Our ancient ancestors’ world began to change drastically with the onset of agriculture 10,000 years ago. The existing evidence clearly shows that—once humans developed agriculture, settled in larger population groups, accumulated goods, and came to rely on designated areas for growing food and grazing animals—a widespread intergroup hostility became common, and at times, severe. Patterns of intergroup violence in preindustrial societies have been confirmed and described in detail by anthropologists and historians. Whatever the evolutionary background and its biological legacy, the historical record clarifies that aggressive behavior between individuals and between groups has been a prominent feature of human experience for at least several thousand years. Everywhere in the world, aggression toward others has been facilitated by a pervasive human tendency toward harsh dichotomizing between the positively valued we and the negatively valued they. Such behavior has been easily learned, practiced in childhood play, encouraged by custom, and rewarded by most human societies.
10
Kreis, Reinhild. "Trust through Familiarity: Transatlantic Relations and Public Diplomacy in the 1980s." In Trust, but Verify. Stanford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804798099.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter investigates public diplomacy as an attempt to (re)build trust within the Western alliance during the late 1970s and 1980s. Public diplomacy was supposed to help prevent the alleged “drifting apart” of Western Europe and the United States, and to overcome suspicion of and mistrust in the partners' intentions and capabilities, both of which had been shaken during the 1970s and seemed to threaten the cohesion of the Atlantic alliance. Taking West German–American relations as an example, the chapter shows how increased public diplomacy efforts aimed at creating familiarity as a precondition of trust, trying to build on a societal level what is known from interpersonal contacts: trust through familiarity, generated via interaction and shared experiences.
Conference papers on the topic "Familiarity threat"
1
Wood, Amy E., and Christopher A. Mattson. "An Experiment in Engineering Ethnography in the Developing World." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60177.
Full textAbstract:
Designers have recently borrowed a tool called ethnography from social scientists to develop empathy and understanding for a user group before designing a product. This tool is particularly important for designers from the developed world working on products for customers in developing communities as differences in culture, language, and life experience make the designer’s intuition less reliable in the context of product use. This paper reports the use of engineering ethnography under a variety of conditions in the developing world. The authors worked in three different communities with varying degrees of language familiarity, cultural familiarity, and partners within the community in an effort to understand how each of those factors affects the process of conducting an ethnographic study. The results will help other engineers choose the most appropriate ethnographic activities for their particular project and situation.
2
Kwon, Jieun, Luke Bromback, and Barry Kudrowitz. "Divergent Thinking Ability + Interest = Creative Ideas: Exploring the Relationships Between Cognitive Creativity Assessments and Product Design Idea Generation." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67261.
Full textAbstract:
The external validity of existing creativity tests was examined in the product-design field. To examine the external validity, this study adopted the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT), by which industry leaders directly rate product ideas for their creativity. A simple correlation analysis showed that among three broadly used creativity tests (Remote Associations Test, Alternative Uses Test, and Torrance Test for Creative Thinking), only the Alternative Uses Test (AUT) was found to predict creativity in the product-design industry. In addition to the correlations analysis, two factors, product familiarity and level of interest, were tested for moderation. The results show that familiarity with the product lessens RAT-CAT (Remote Associations Test - Consensual Assessment Technique) correlation, whereas level of interest strengthens the correlation. Thus, the less familiar and more interested an individual is in the product, the more likely the individual’s divergent thinking skills will translate into an actual creative product idea.
3
Tibau, Marcelo, Sean Wolfgand Matsui Siqueira, and Bernardo Pereira Nunes. "Understanding Web Search Patterns Through Exploratory Search as a Knowledge-intensive Proces." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2020.13131.
Full textAbstract:
To better understand users’ intent, Web search engines need to transcend its information sorter utility and acquire a more relevant ability concerning semantics’ discernment. This master thesis presents the Exploratory Search KiP model, which helps clarify the reasons why a subject is searched and supports the visualization of decision criteria used for choosing a specific search result. It also introduces the ESKiP Taxonomy of Query States; a classification framework that helps to represent the structure and behavior of query reformulation in search systems. As a result, the artifacts allowed to identify Web search and query reformulation patterns. The Exploratory Search KiP model also aided to distinguish three main behaviors involved in exploratory searches: (1) The ability to increase the level of familiarity with the topic and content searched (topic familiarity); (2) The ability to control the search process itself; and (3) The ability to assess the retrieved information relevance. For further reading: [Dias 2019] at UNIRIO’s repository. A summary article from the complete work was submitted to an international Information System Journal and is currently under review
4
Macomber, Bryan, and Maria Yang. "The Role of Sketch Finish and Style in User Responses to Early Stage Design Concepts." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48714.
Full textAbstract:
Conceptual sketches of design alternatives are often employed as a tool for eliciting feedback from design stakeholders, including potential end-users. However, such sketches can vary widely in their level of finish and style, thus potentially affecting how users respond to a concept. This paper presents a study of user responses to three objects drawn in styles ranging from rough hand sketches to CAD drawings. This study also considers the amount of design time required to create the sketches. Results show that respondents generally ranked realistic, “clean” hand sketches the highest over other types of sketches, particularly “rough” sketches. These types of sketches took longer than other types of hand sketches to create, but were still much faster than CAD renderings. Results also suggest that the complexity and familiarity of an object can influence how users respond to a sketch.
5
Parang, M., V. I. Naumov, and L. A. Taylor. "NASA Student Programs and Senior Capstone Design Experience." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81402.
Full textAbstract:
A significant way to attract engineering students, especially aerospace and mechanical engineering majors, to space issues is to implement exciting NASA student programs into the senior-year capstone design experience. Three years ago the University of Tennessee’s Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department offered two new projects, named “Microgravity” and “Lunar Rover Vehicle”, as senior capstone design projects. Both require participation, on a competitive basis, in two corresponding NASA programs: “The Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program” and “The Great Moonbuggy Race”. Three years of experience have demonstrated that both programs are very suitable in offering senior students unique opportunities to improve their analytical abilities, develop design skills, gain experience in working in multi-disciplinary teams, solve cutting-edge engineering problems, and familiarize themselves with space issues and technical problems.
6
Thimmaiah, Somaiah, Keith Phelan, and Joshua D. Summers. "User Study: Influence of Number of Design Errors on Ability to Predict Performance With and Without Controls." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12294.
Full textAbstract:
Design reviews are typically used for three types of design activities: 1) identifying errors, 2) assessing the impact of the errors, and 3) suggesting solutions for the errors. This experimental study focuses on understanding the second issue as it relates to the number of errors considered, the existence of controls, and the level of domain familiarity of the assessor. A set of design failures and associated controls developed for a completed industry sponsored project is used as the experimental design problem. Non-domain individuals (students from an undergraduate psychology class), domain generalists (first year engineering students), and domain-specialists (graduate mechanical engineering students) are provided a set of failure modes and asked to estimate the likelihood that the system would still successfully achieve the stated objectives. Primary results from the study include the following: the confidence level for all domain population decreased significantly as the number of design errors increased (largest p-value = 0.0793) and this decrease in confidence is more significant as the design errors increase. The impact on confidence is less when solutions (controls) are provided to prevent the errors (largest p-value = 0.0334), the confidence decreased faster for domain general engineers as compared to domain specialists (p = <0.0001). The domain specialists showed higher confidence in making decisions than domain generals and non-domain generalists as the design errors increase.
7
Bonel-Cerdan, Jose I., and Jorgen L. Nikolajsen. "An Introduction to Harmonic Wavelet Analysis of Machine Vibrations." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-058.
Full textAbstract:
The Fast Wavelet Transform (FWT) is a powerful new tool which can be used for vibration analysis and condition monitoring of advanced rotating machinery. The main advantage of wavelet analysis for condition monitoring is that so-called wavelet maps can be produced showing three dimensional plots of amplitude versus frequency and time. This is in contrast to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis, in which the time domain of the signal is lost. The wavelet maps provide striking visual indications of tiny changes in machine behaviour which cannot be detected in a normal frequency spectrum. This improves the chances of averting catastrophic failures and expands the time window available to take corrective action. Additional advantages of wavelet analysis over FFT analysis include: (1) no requirements for periodicity of the signal, (2) extremely fast computation, (3) the location of patterns in the time domain and (4) an effective detection of high frequency details. Wavelet analyses of all types are available but user-friendly information is hard to come by and this has a detrimental effect on progress towards practical commercial applications. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a simple and clear introduction to wavelet analysis and its use in machine condition monitoring. The paper has been written for an audience having some familiarity with spectrum analysis but no prior knowledge of wavelets.
8
Pourmovahed, A., C. M. Jeruzal, and K. D. Brinker. "Development of a Jet Engine Experiment for the Energy Systems Laboratory." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43638.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, a jet engine experiment was added to the Energy Systems Laboratory at Kettering University (formerly GMI). The educational objectives of this experiment are: to familiarize the students with the operation of a turbojet engine, the theory behind the thermodynamic processes involved, and the linear momentum equation; to determine theoretical and measured engine thrust and the efficiencies of the compressor, the combustion chamber, and the turbine; to determine the effect of engine speed on thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) and engine emissions; to analyze the combustion process; and to perform a complete energy balance on the jet engine. The apparatus used is a small TTL model SR-30 turbojet engine capable of kerosene and diesel liquid fuel start and operation. Using an automatic data acquisition system, the students operate the engine at 50,000–75,000 rpm and measure various pressures and temperatures as well as fuel flow rate, air flow rate, engine emissions and engine thrust. The data is then used to calculate the TSFC, component efficiencies and the A/F ratio. By using the linear momentum principle, engine thrust is calculated and compared with the measured value. This paper presents the measured test data and analytical results obtained by using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Experimental results compare favorably with theoretical predictions.
9
Huynh, An, Thomas A. Brain, John R. MacLean, and Leslie J. Quiocho. "Evolution of Flexible Multibody Dynamics for Simulation Applications Supporting Human Spaceflight." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60108.
Full textAbstract:
During the course of transition from the Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs to the Orion and Journey to Mars exploration programs, a generic flexible multibody dynamics formulation and associated software implementation has evolved to meet an ever changing set of requirements at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). Challenging problems related to large transitional topologies and robotic free-flyer vehicle capture/release, contact dynamics, and exploration missions concept evaluation through simulation (e.g., asteroid surface operations) have driven this continued development. Coupled with this need is the requirement to oftentimes support human spaceflight operations in real-time. Moreover, it has been desirable to allow even more rapid prototyping of on-orbit manipulator and spacecraft systems, to support less complex infrastructure software for massively integrated simulations, to yield further computational efficiencies, and to take advantage of recent advances and availability of multi-core computing platforms. Since engineering analysis, procedures development, and crew familiarity/training for human spaceflight are fundamental to JSC’s charter, there is also a strong desire to share and reuse models in both the non-real-time and real-time domains, with the goal of retaining as much multibody dynamics fidelity as possible. Three specific enhancements are reviewed here: (1) linked list organization to address large transitional topologies, (2) body level model order reduction, and (3) parallel formulation/implementation. This paper provides a detailed overview of these primary updates to JSC’s flexible multibody dynamics algorithms as well as a comparison of numerical results to previous formulations and associated software.
10
Tropea, Cameron, Bernhard Weigand, and Kathri Schulte. "Selected Results of the Collaborative Research Center "Droplet Dynamics under Extreme Ambient Conditions" SFB/TRR 75." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4597.
Full textAbstract:
The Collaborative Research Center (CRC) SFB-TRR 75 was established in January 2010 to focus on the dynamicsof basic drop processes, and in particular on processes involving extreme boundary conditions, for example, near thermodynamic critical conditions, very low temperatures, under strong electric fields or in situations involving extremely large gradients. The CRC is a joint initiative of the University of Stuttgart, the TU Darmstadt and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Lampoldshausen, operating with 17 projects structured into three main research areas and involving researchers from numerous faculties: Mathematics, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Computer Sciences. Some of the topics pursued at the CRC include•The behaviour of supercooled and potentially electrified droplets in clouds•The impact of Supercooled Large Droplets (SLD) on aircraft icing•The behaviour of strongly electrified drops on insulator surfaces, which can be found on high voltagepower lines, affecting the partial discharge behaviour and performance and durability of the insulator.•Trans-critical injection conditions of fuel with flash boiling in rocket combustion chambers•Atomization and vaporization of droplets at high pressures and temperature, as occurring in futurecombustion systemsThis article provides an overview of the projects being carried out at the SFB-TRR 75 and highlights scientific results from selected subprojects. The main purpose of the paper is to familiarize colleagues with this extensive and dedicated research effort in the area of drop dynamics and to motivate and initiate future collaboration with others in this field.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4597
Reports on the topic "Familiarity threat"
1
Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.
Full textAbstract:
With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor