Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Famille – Afrique'
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Nesi, Nicolas. "Systématique et phylogéographie des chauves-souris africaines de la sous-famille des Epomophorinae (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0030.
Full textThe subfamily Epomophorinae includes 24 fruit bat species distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Among them, three species have been identified as reservoir host of Ebola virus: Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus and Myonycteris torquata. The main aims of the PhD thesis were to apply the DNA barcode approach for identifying the species of fruit bats, to understand their evolutionary history, with a special emphasis on reservoir host species, and to test the geographic structure at the species level. During this work, two mitochondrial genes (Cytb and COI) were sequenced for 1142 specimens. The mitochondrial analyses and their comparisons with the signal of nuclear markers have revealed that mitochondrial barcodes cannot be used to identify the eight species currently recognized in the complex Epomophorus / Epomops dobsonii / Micropteropus. Nevertheless, the mtDNA barcode approach allows us to identify the 18 other species of Epomophorinae, as well as several subspecies. The analyses of 13 genes (representing 11029 nucleotides) for 47 taxa have provided a robust and reliable phylogenetic tree. The results are used to propose a new classification, in which the subfamily Epomophorinae includes six tribes (Epomophorini, Myonycterini, Plerotini, Rousettini, Scotonycterini and Stenonycterini). A few additional taxonomic changes are proposed at the genus and species levels. Among them, the species Myonycteris leptodon is rehabilitated, and a new species of Megaloglossus is described in western Africa. The phylogeographic analyses have shown that most species present a strong structure between western Africa and central Africa forest blocks. There are three exceptions, which correspond to species able to disperse between the two forest blocks: Hypsignathus monstrosus, due to his large size; Micropteropus pusillus and Nanonycteris veldkampii, due to their adaptation to the savanna. This study shows that reservoirs host species of Ebola virus have evolved differently during the Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations
Zannou, Martial Tiburce Arcadius. "Coexistence ou dualité des normes juridiques en matière de droit de la famille en Afrique de l'Ouest : cas du Sénégal et du Bénin." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32038.
Full textRamazani, Bishwende Augustin. "Ecclésiologie africaine de famille de Dieu : annonce et débat avec les contemporains /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40991432v.
Full textLakhlif, Mustapha. "La femme dans la famille en Afrique romaine : Etude à partir des documents de l'époque impériale." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30103.
Full textThis thesis entitled “The woman in the family with Roman Africa: study from the documents of imperial period” is a study based on documents from the imperial period that includes a prologue and two main parts. The prologue is an approach to the history of the Libyan and Carthaginian woman. In the first part, devoted to the Early Roman Empire, the documentation is mainly epigraphic. In studying the inscriptions, we have tried to address the moral qualities of women and to highlight the feminine ideal embodied in pagan epigraphy. We have underlined the subject of conjugal morality and the role of the wife within the family and the pagan society in general. By focusing on specific themes, we sought to monitor changes in attitudes, through the issue morality. From African epigraphy Early Empire, that is a good reflection of a feminine ideal in pagan culture, we can expand the timeline while keeping in mind the same prospects in order to find them in Christian literature. Was there a change or a change in habits, in the way how to consider women? What the new faith has brought to women? What was the change in the place of women in Africa in the Christian era? How the Fathers of the Church have they focused on the woman and what role they assigned her? Were the Fathers of the Church misogynists? What does the woman represent in their designs? Was there certain “immobilize” in the situation of women in Africa, which would not have helped improve its position within the family and society? We tried to answer these questions in the second part of the thesis bay studying the writings of African apologists : Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Cyprian, Arnobius of Sicca, Lactantius, Arnobius the Younger, Fulgence of Ruspe and especially saint Augustine. We have reserved a separate chapter to highlight the role of women in martyrdom, which is the perfect adhesion of these female martyrs to the Christian faith. The terminus ante quem of this study is the fifth century with the Vandal invasion in Africa, which constitutes a real breakthrough in the history of North Africa. ”
Adingra, Eugene. "La place et le role de Marie dans l'eglise-famille de Dieu en Afrique." IMRI - Marian Library / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=udmarian1421762145.
Full textRamazani, Bishwende Augustin. "Eglise-famille de Dieu, "communion ou société"? : reprise historique de la pensée des théologiens et du magistère africains (1962-1994)." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE5034.
Full textUnder the influence of R. Bellarmin and of the theologians of the Roman School, Vatican I which sought to legitimise the pontifical authority of the Bishop of Rome, has left us a legacy of the ecclesiological concept of the Church as a visible, hierarchical and juridical society. Thanks to Möller of the German school of Tübingen and because of the advocates of the “new theology” of the French school (Y. Congar, H. De Lubac, J. Daniélou), Vatican II realised a real hermeneutical turning point. The Church saw itself as a communion and people of God in the history of a people going to God. In the post-conciliar search for a possible synthesis between Vatican I and Vatican II and in the African context, is the Church-family of God, a key concept of the African Synod, really a society or a communion? In a historical and hermeneutical perspective, starting with Vatican II up to the African Synod of 1994, our aim is to take contemporary Catholic theology out of the prism of the obsession of the dialectical synthesis “communion/society”. What is at stake in this study is to encourage a dialectical going-beyond of the societal model and to go out of the binomial “communion/society” in view of creating a really relational Church built on the transcending trinomial ecclesiology of the communion model. The Church-family of God, an African Symbol of the sacred, is not a society but rather a “communion”, a “family”, and a Eucharistic “fraternity” of the baptised gathered around the Risen Christ under the action of the Holy Spirit. In a Eucharistic communion, Christ is there in his fullness as a spiritual food for this life and for eternal life
Rwenge, Mburano. "Changement social, structures familiales et fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010533.
Full textThis study purports to answer the question regarding the influence of the factors of social change (urbanisation, education, improvement of living conditions, etc. . . ) On the family in subsaharian africa and also concerning their repercussions on fertility. The basic hypothesis is that in the african context, these factors perturb the regulations laid down by the family but that perturbation would concern only some of those regulations because there are others which individuals adhere to, specially those concerning practices of family solidarity which is sustained by the cult of ancestors. In other words, whatever be their social category, individuals have the obligation of respecting their ancestors and helping each other mutually but those belonging to well-to-do social strata tend to go more and more against the traditional models of fertility due to their exposure to new ideas and because of constraints related to their economic environment. The data used to test this hypothesis are those of surveys of fertility, demography and health, conducted in Cameroon in 1978 and in 1991 respectively. The following main results may be drawn from the analysis of these data: the urbanization and related socio-economic factors are not responsible for the disappearance of extended families; the socio-economic changes that have come about between 1978 and 1991 have had a rather positive influence on family solidarity; polygamy is continued in the well-to-do social groups; the factors of social change have triggered of a diminution in fertility and are actually associated with low fertility although they are still promotting extended families ; the utilization of modern contraception is not significantly lower in extented families than in nuclear families and consequently, fertility is not significantly higher in the first type of family than in the second; contrary to the seventies, cultural factors of educative type presently carry more weight than all other socio-economic facors. These results counter the evolutionistic theses on the universal and almost unavoidable convergence of family structures towards the western nuclear model under socio-economic influences, and reveal that the theses, according to which this convergence is favourable to the diminution of fertility, are not pertinent in africa and particularly in Cameroon
Pilon, Marc. "Menages et familles en afrique sub-saharienne : du village a la capitale,entre permanence et changement l'exemple de la societe moba-gurma du togo." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054018.
Full textRossi, Pauline. "Les déterminants des choix de fécondité en Afrique : préférences de genre, stratégies d'assurance et rivalités reproductives." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0159.
Full textThis dissertation investigates if fertility behaviors in Africa can partly be explained by women's strategies to improve their economic security. The approach combines economic theory, micro-econometric methods and insights from other disciplines (sociology, anthropology, demography and medicine). The empirical work is carried out on original data from a Senegalese household survey, and on the Demographic and Health Surveys in African countries. Each chapter explores one potential driver of fertility: son preference, women's needs for widowhood insurance and co-wife reproductive rivalry in polygamous households. All point to the same idea: a woman intensifies her fertility when her economic future is jeopardized, because children remain women's best claim to the resources controlled by men. In terms of policy implications, the main insight is that the sustained high level of fertility in Africa does not merely reflect women's lack of control over births, as is often argued. It also reflects their incentives to have many children. Promoting women's autonomy would thus help birth control efforts and spare mothers and children the heavy health cost of frequent pregnancies
Monjid, Mariam. "L'Islam et la modernité dans le droit de la famille au Maghreb : étude comparative : Algérie, Maroc et Tunisie." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10031.
Full textFamily Law in Maghreb is the stronghold of religion and moral norms. Observation would prove its specific nature. Deeply marqued by Islamic Law, the family Law is controversial. It is a privileged setting for testing the religious law capacity to fit onto modernity. Hence, it is an area of competition for different ideological doctrines with social mating projects. Family Law in Maghreb is often criticised since linked to the woman legal condition. Many challenges are facing it so that modernity is becoming a domestic and international requirement. But modernity is a result of internal changes and sociocultural movements, it should be authentic and legitimate. While choosing different and convergent ways, family law in Maghreb countries is still marked by Islam as religion and value system and there is, indeed, a very important reference to religious norm which is a specific nature of Maghreb's family law. Recent reforms are confirming this fact. Modernization has been a current matter since several years but this result could not be reached to the detriment of the sacral. Compromise seems to be the final solution
Aşan, Emine. "Le mariage polygame : matrimonialité conflictuelle, jurisprudence, réalités historiques et sociales en Turquie et en Algérie." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1225.
Full textWhat is the polygamy? By whom, why and how is it practiced? In a comparative study of two grounds to strong Moslem population, such as Turkey and Algeria, we would try to answer these questions at the same time of macrosociological and microsociological order. In Turkey, between an official ban and a tolerant tradition, the management of the polygamy in the space public is made through strategies of bypassing of the institutional laws to make an organization of the polygamy on the administrative and legal plan. When in Algeria, louse the management of this organization, laws exist to limit the polygamy but without forbidding it really. But it becomes then a perpetual game of bypassing of laws in a formal / informal relationship. So, in societies current and studied in this research work, the reasons of the practice of the polygamy are not only of religious order. He appears there also. He represents so many cultural, economic and social reasons there. That it is in Turkey or in Algeria, The polygamy is cannot be practised in the same way and for them even reasons (because these last ones are multiple) but finally the nature of the reasons is even. Satisfy an expression of the one in an environment social holistic. It would thus be a means to be in the social standard while being an individual will. But the conflicting nature stemming from quoted(esteemed) stimulating sound of balance of power and power by a process of territorialisation and of appropriation of the polygamous space, transforms it into social destroyer where sound impacts on the children is not lesser
Anne, Alassane. "La représentation de la figure du père à travers le roman maghrébin et négro-africain francophone." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30020.
Full textIn Maghreb and Black Africa, the father is an unquestionable and indisputable chief. Religion and tradition would give him a crucial function in these patriarchal societies. He has a great sovereignty in front of decisions which concern a member of his family. Driss Chraïbi, Mongo Beti, Rachid Boudjedra and Williams Sassine describe this excessive role of the father, not for glorifying him, like several francophone novelists, but for denouncing his authority. This attitude corresponds to a period where Maghrebian and Black African families are changing, particularly with the decline of the paternal power confronted to the “counter-power” of the son who speaks sometimes in the name of the mother. Then, psychoanalysis helps to read le Passé simple, Mission terminée, la Répudiation, le Jeune homme de sable, which can be considered as family novels showing sons revolt and its logical consequence: the parricide. What meaning we can give to this paternal authority and to these generation gaps without which narrative history don’t exist? How can we read sons revolt and “murder of father” as a youth aspiration of freedom and recognition, as assertiveness and search of identity? These Francophone authors, who represent, sometimes similarly sometimes differently, the conflict father-son through fictions with specific literary forms, have them the same literary project, which is to promote values of equity, of justice, of freedom in familial relations?
Tiendrebeogo, Wenceslas Michel. "Le développement de l'Église-Famille de Dieu au Burkina Faso : le cas de l'archidiocèse de Ouagadougou." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25815/25815.pdf.
Full textThe key concept of Church as the Family of God conveying current African theology is the continuation of the idea of the Church developed by Africans for African Churches as a result of the second Vatican Council. It may be understood and situated within the context of inculturated evangelization in Africa. This dissertation shows how the concept came into being in the Church of Burkina, established by the Missionaries of Africa who wanted to found ecclesiastical, supportive, fraternal, adult and responsible communities capable of taking the practical details of their development into their own hands. By going over the development of Burkina’s Church as the Family of God from its origin, the author highlights its “instituting actions”. In the light of the conciliar document Ad Gentes, he raises theological questions concerning the development of the Church as the Family of God using the specific case of the archdiocese of Ouagadougou between 1977 and 2002.
Hotte, Rozenn. "Mariage et bien-être de l'épouse en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH001.
Full textIn West Africa, marriage is a major social institution. In Senegal, for example, in 2006, nearly 90% of women over 25 years of age were once married. It represents also a major disruption the daily life, especially for the bride, who in most cases leaves the household in which she grew up. Another important feature of marriage in West Africa is that it involves a large set of actors: not only the couple but also their parents and extended family. The ceremony is also characterized by important financial exchanges, between different people: the bride's, groom's and neighbours' families. These stylized facts can be examined in terms of their relationship to women's well-being within their households. The objective of this thesis is to add to the study of the subject.In the first chapter, we consider whether parents have incentives to marry their children to a member of the kin group in order to better insure against adverse idiosyncratic income shocks.Exploiting original panel data from a household survey collected in Senegal in 2006/2007 and 2011/2012, we find that daughters' within-kin-group marriage helps their parents' household to better smooth food consumption when a parent has fallen ill.This better smoothing is notably driven by the fact that households having married a daughter within the kin group receive relatively more transfers. Our results indicate that parents' demand for insurance can explain part of their demand for marrying within the kin group their daughter. They extend the literature on inter-linkages between marriage decisions and demand for insurance. The second chapter examines the impact of an education policy on women's well-being in Benin. Taking advantage of a sharp increase in school constructions in the 1990s in this country, we assess the causal impact of a primary education program on primary school attendance, age at marriage and tolerance of intimate partner violence. Using a double difference method, along with a regression kink design, we find that the program increased the probability to attend primary school in rural areas. The policy also decreased the probability to find wife beating tolerable. We show that, in this context, the benefits of girls' education have percolated down to women's well-being beyond the initial goal of the policy. In the third chapter, we investigate the relationship between the bride price and the well-being of the wife in her household. We take into account, the simultaneous existence of other marriage payments, flowing in different directions between the stakeholder, that is largely ignored. To assess the impacts of these marital transferson the women's well-being in Senegal, we use a unique survey that enquires separately about the different marriage payments. We highlight the strength of the link between what is given to the bride herself and her welfare, contrary to the looseness of the link with what is given to the family
Faye, Adama. "Dynamique évolutive des forêts tropicales humides d'Afrique centrale : cas d'étude de la famille des palmiers (Arecaceae)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS190.
Full textTropical rain forests (TRF) biodiversity is not equally distributed between the three main tropical regions: Neotropics, South East Asia and tropical Africa. Even though African rain forests display high levels of diversity and endemism, this diversity is low compared to that of the other tropical regions. One of the main hypotheses advanced to explain this lower species diversity is that the African flora has undergone higher extinction rates during the Cenozoic. Across the Congo basin, high levels of species diversity and endemism is thought to be linked to the hypothesis of forest refugia. This hypothesis suggests a contraction of rain forests in 'refugia' during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, between 24’000 and 12’000 Years).The aim of this thesis is to study the evolution of African rain forests in response to climate change on ancient (million years) and more recent (thousands of years) time scales. For this we study two groups of African palms: the rattans of the sub-tribe Ancistrophyllinae and the understory genus of Central African TRF Podococcus with two species P. barteri and P. acaulis. The first group provides information about ancient extinctions events during the Cenozoic, while the second is used to study the response of TRF during Pleistocene climate change in Central Africa. The approach used in this thesis is to 1) reconstruct the evolutionary history of African rattans, and 2) to infer the evolutionary dynamics of the two species of Podococcus through time. The five specific objectives structuring two main parts of the thesis are: First part: (i) reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Ancistrophyllinae using plastid and nuclear markers, (ii) estimate divergence times and test the impact of extinction events on Ancistrophyllinae. Second part: (iii) build ecological niche models and infer the areas of habitat stability of the two species of Podococcus from the LGM, (iv) reconstruct phylogeographic relationships of populations of Podococcus from whole plastomes obtained using Next Generation Sequencing and (v) assess the correlation between genetic diversity and ecological niche stability of all populations of Podococcus.Results suggest that Ancistrophyllinae has possibly undergone a constant diversification with a relatively high extinction rate punctuated by one or more severe extinction events during the Cenozoic. Ancistrophyllinae diverged during the Eocene with most species originating to the Late Miocene after 10 Ma. In the genus Podococcus, a significant correlation between the unique genetic diversity and habitat stability was demonstrated supporting the hypothesis of forests refugia in Central Africa. Ecologically stable and diverse populations are mainly located in mountainous areas such as Monts de Cristal and Monts Doudou in Gabon, but also in the Atlantic coastal forests in Gabon and Cameroon. In contrast, most of the populations predate the LGM reflecting that species respond over several glacial cycles. Results of this thesis highlight that ancient and recent climate changes have strongly influenced the evolution and dynamics of Central African forests. In addition, our results allowed the identification of African Atlantic coastal forests as an important conservation priority
Gaubert, Philippe. "Systématique et phylogénie du genre Genetta et des énigmatiques "genet-like taxa" Prionodon, Poiana et Osbornictis (Carnivora, Viverridae) : caractérisation de la sous-famille des viverrinae et étude des patrons de diversification au sein du continent africain." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0013.
Full textDanhoundo, Georges. "Les orphelins et leur famille en Afrique : une réflexion sur les logiques d'acteurs autour du soutien aux enfants orphelins chez les Mossi à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30857/30857.pdf.
Full textBased on the filiation rules within the Mossi, a few works have highlighted that the concept of being orphan does not exist in that society. Those works support that the oldest child or brothers of the biological father do care for the orphans after the father’s death. That idea is ingrained in the belief that the Mossi represent a collective group where individual’s wills are dissolved within the extended family expectations. In our perspective, that reference to the Mossi as a collective group seems to be simplistic. Based on direct observation and 20 interviews laid nearby households, this research aims at understanding the logics of actors about the family care to the orphans.Contrary to the biases, this research concludes that: 1) The father’s death reveals prior conflicts between the deceased and his brother, and proves to lead to conflicts that opposes the widow and her family to the family of the spouse. Those conflicts laid on the access to the heritages. Indeed, according to the lineage logic, the women appears as foreigner in their husband family. They are not allowed to inherit from their spouse, contrary to the civil law of Burkina Faso. These conflicts make detrimental the father’s family support to orphans. As a consequence, we noted that a few orphans have been transferred to their mother’s family or to non-related family on purpose of education; 2) Most of the children who have lost their mother are maintained in their father’s household. We noted that men have a sort of ego that leads them to think of orphan fosterage as a social irresponsibility. We may highlight that the step-mothers play an important role at supporting the orphans. In doing so, according to men, they appear as an illustration of the importance of the polygamy; 3) The strategy of transferring the children in order to assure their education is not always rewarded. It happens that the receiving household ask some compensations from the fostered children such as domestic chores. What is notable is that, generally, those children arrange so that their works may not restrain their education; 4) The filiation relationship does not lead to social recognition of alliance. This research brings up the necessity to enlarge the concept of the extended family in the case of orphan’s fosterage in the Mossi’s society, that is, the necessity of better defining the fact of belonging to extended family. Beyond the filiation rules, the modes of the orphan fosterage and the social and economic context do play an important role.
Amouzou-Glikpa, Amévor. "La crise de l'école élémentaire en Afrique de l'ouest francophone et les conditions de formation, de recrutement et de travail des enseignants : analyse des cas du Bénin, du Burkina Faso et du Togo." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12009.
Full textThis research is aiming to look at the crisis in the primary school in French-speaking West Africa focusing on three countries: Benin, Burkina Faso and Togo. The crisis is marked by the progressive retreat of the government from the educational sphere and by the degradation of public education. New forms of schools have emerged with commercial tendency (secular private schools), religious aim (French-Arabic schools or "medersas"), as well as a great push of local initiatives schools (community or spontaneous schools). Through diversified methods of analysis, the study tried to determine the role of the teaching personnel in this crisis. Indeed, since the imposition of structural adjustment's plans in African countries by the financiers (World Bank and International Monetary Fund), budgetary constraints have led either te the reduction in the duration of teacher's training in some countries (Burkina Faso), or to the closure of professional schools with vocational formation of teachers (Togo, Benin). Following the observation of decline in the condition of teaching personnel (Ievel of training, hiring and work conditions, professional, symbolic and economic status), this study will show that it is essentially the commitment and the determination of the parents in the schooling and success of their children that are finally maintaining the educational system. So, it has been determined that the country of the study where the crisis seems most strongly pronounced (Togo) is the one whose rate of schooling remains nevertheless the highest. This shows that the more the educational system is failing, the more such a failure tends to be compensated by the determination and commitment of the parents in the schooling of their children. The research indexes for that purpose a new problem: the progressive decline of the educational level
Gaston, William de. "Anthropologie de la communication : Atumpani, le tam-tam parlant." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0204.
Full textThe atumpani drum leads a social role in the Eve society of Kloto (Togo). Present everywhere in daily life, Atumpani is the messenger of the king's word, it informs and educates under the drummer's performance. The Atumpani drum, as a missionary, saves human beings and protects the endangered village. It praises, judges, prohibits, advises and punishes according to social rules. Communication through the Atumpani drum is both a social and phenomenological process
Bouville, Jean-François. "Malnutrition infantile, attachement mère-enfant et environnement familial en milieu urbain africain (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081983.
Full textN'Diaye, Marieme. "La politique constitutive au Sud : refonder le droit de la famille au Sénégal et au Maroc." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881115.
Full textAmari, Salima. "Des équilibres instables : construction de soi et relations familiales chez les lesbiennes maghrébines migrantes et d'ascendance maghrébine en France." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080048.
Full textFrom a life story survey of twenty one lesbians and a field observation, this PhD dissertation proposes to realize the social construction crossed routes as migrants Maghrebi women or North African descent and as lesbians. Indeed, these lesbians act on two fronts. Whoever falls self-construction as lesbians and the managing family relationships they are trying to preserve. The purpose of this research through its intersectional approach allows (re) think the different dominations no hierarchical order and offer an analysis that allows to update not only the mechanisms of oppression, but also the strategies of resistance. The "discovery" of their lesbianism to the different projections of the future for conjugal and parenthood, lesbians careers are marked by a number of obstacles to the constraints to heterosexual marriage and motherhood. These lesbians careers are built either on family breakdown, or on unstable equilibria between lesbians lives on one side and family relations of the other. So, faced with these socio-heteronormative family constraints, many migrants Maghrebi lesbians or North African descent prefer loyalty subsidiary while continuing to support their emotional and sexual lives as lesbians
Dabo, Aïssata. "L’égalité de l’homme et de la femme dans le mariage en Afrique noire francophone : Étude comparée des Codes des personnes et de la famille du Bénin, du Burkina Faso et du Mali." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0882/document.
Full textFrench-speaking black African countries have renewed their civil rights, on the basis of the French civil code resulting from the 1804 colonial legacy. The texts issued from the reform called “Codes of persons and family” were supposed to put an end to legal pluralism within private relationships, resulting from the coexistence between positive law, customary and religious rules, by the unification of family rights. It provides at the same time the opportunity to confirm marriage regulations within the legal law of international human’s rights, particularly about nuptiality. In this respect, equality of man and woman held the central place in statements of laws patterns. However, the rights of sexual equality moreover disadvantage women. Much more, the sectoral character of the legal approaches concerning the reduction of the inequality, compromises the transforming role of the right. Furthermore, some facts demonstrate that normative pluralism remains and that its impact is negative on the efficiency of the rules in force.When we compare the Codes of Benin, Burkina and Mali it reveals that in return of some new rights instituted in favor of woman, for example the unapplied professional autonomy, irreconcilable customs with human rights such as polygyny has been incorporated in republican rights. It follows that some African legislators are not significantly detached from traditions that contribute to the maintenance of woman legal and social condition. This situation calls for deep reform of family rights, as well as the implementation of a governmental action plan to achieve equality of sexes within marriage
Yaovi, Voedzo Séverin. "Eglise-Famille-de Dieu : genèse et pertinence du concept : le cas du Togo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAK015.
Full textSince 'Ecclesia in Africa', the concept of the Church as Family of God has been identified as the African concept for the development of the Ecclesiology of communion advised by the second Vatican Council and as the key of the new evangelization in Africa. Its adoption has given rise to polemics among African priests and theologians, in particular concerning its genesis and its significance. Several biblical and theological studies have been carried out about the concept of the Church as Family of God. Their aim is mostly to confirm it as the ecclesiological concept in Africa. However it turns out that the promotion given at the continental, national and diocesan levels to the concept of the Church as Family of God is merely institutional or even conventional. To transcend a purely superficial implementation of the concept it seems necessary and urgent that primary importance be given to each local Church’s specific features, in terms of history, culture and community life, following the example of the experience of the Church in Burkina Faso, which turns out to be the founding model. The present work, which aims to be a monograph, delineates the genesis of the concept of the Church as Family of God in Burkina Faso and assesses its significance in a given field : the Roman Catholic Church in Togo. Eventually it attempts to reform the concept of the Church as Family of God with a view to sustaining a community reception of the second Vatican Council and of 'Ecclesia in Africa' in Togo
Abdoulaye, Younsa Issaka. "L’influence des chartes protectrices des droits de l’homme sur le droit international privé de la famille : étude comparative de la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0628.
Full textThe study of the influence of the Human Rights Protective Charters confirms that they have a hold or affect the rules applicable to private international family relations. This significant impact was, moreover, not anticipated when these International human rights instruments were drawn up. However, this influence is not seen in all International systems for the protection of human rights. Thus, under the African charter, in the field of private international family relations, the African text protecting human rights is almost non-existent. He suffers from a huge lack of effectiveness in domestic law - in particular in private international family law. The ineffectiveness of the charter in this area is considerable and worried because respect for human rights must also prevail in relations between individuals, grafted with an element of foreignness. If we compare the European system to that of Africa, the contrast is quite striking. Because within the framework of the European convention, the conventional norm is so present in extra-border relations between individuals that it affects or influences the rules applicable in private international family law. This "over-effectiveness" of human rights is denounced and frightens some because of the almost limitless prerogatives that fundamental rights grant to individuals, who becomes master of everything. The individual God. Internationalist privatists fear that under the effect of fundamental rights private international law will no longer be able to effectively promote rapprochement between systems
Dugrand, Camille. "Prendre la rue : politique de la citadinité vagabonde en Afrique : les Shégués de Kinshasa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010334.
Full textBased on several field works in Kinshasa, the object of the thesis is the trajectories of « Shégués », these young city-dwellers who take a « different » path in the streets of the congolese megapolis. By « taking » the street and living in it they, diverge of conventional forms of existence under a roof in a family and throw themselves in a wandering urban adventure which generates both constraints and alternatives. In contrast to dominant discources that tend to represent them as marginal, isolated and inaudible « street children », it appears that Shégués are essential figures of the urban experience in Kinshasa. Subjected to a life full of constraint and uncertainty, they gather aroud new forms of sociability that can be seen as ways to support each other, forms of violence but also as alternative opportunities to « exist ». They can also constitute forms of distinction and even lead to the rise of famous and renowed people. The Shégués create a street culture that paves the way to heterogeneous interactions with other city dwellers and sometimes an incorporation of urban networks of power. Their social differenciation entails a process of stigmatization along a series of constraints. It also provides additional opportunities to have agency in the city and even reach some forms of popularity and prestige. How do they have agency on the city? What do they tell us on the youth’s perspectives of personal accomplishement in Kinshasa today? What are the political effects of the violence they both exert and endure? Do they produce a counter-hegemonic culture? Or do their actions tend to reinforce a violent political order? What are the social frontiers between these young actors and other city-dwellers? Do they shape a culture of subversion and protest? The trajectories of Shégués shed light on the ambivalence of a youth sub-culture, totally reliant on its local environment to urvive and that reclaim the codes established by the dominant sectors of society while challenging the exclusion they endure. While they can appear to reinforce the current « top-down » social order, the Shégués also shape new subversive and contentious life styles in a evolving megapolis, itself generating new norms and new ways of life and survival. In the end, the Shégués assert their role as actors of urban dynamic that keeps creating new figures of legitimacy and prestige while continuously reformulating new imagineries of alternative life possibilities. They express the critical and political ambition of their wandering life that contribute to « citadinity » in Kinshasa but also impact it. They do so by reinventing the ways to teverse their destiny and eventually gain acess to « another life »
Labelle-Royal, Mélanie. "Les facteurs influençant l’adaptation scolaire des élèves issus de l’immigration de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5399.
Full textBoltz, Marie. "Informal Redistribution and Savings in the Extended Family in Senegal." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0128.
Full textThis PhD dissertation aims at analyzing the effect of informal redistribution, taking mostly place within the extended family, on individuals' resource allocation choices in Sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, in this region, due to limited access to markets for insurance, credit and savings, and to formal redistribution, individuals are vulnerable to life risks and economic shocks. To protect themselves against these risks, individuals rely mainly on two strategies: informal redistribution and informal savings. I analyze in this thesis how informal redistribution within the extended family affects individual savings decisions. The first chapter is based on an original qualitative survey conducted in Senegal in 2012 and propose a detailed analysis of the relationship between the transfer senders and the recipients within several family networks to understand the dynamics of resource sharing in the extended family and the social norms attached to these transfers. In the second Chapter, I investigate transfer patterns within a sibship and analyze how these patterns are related to saving decisions, using the nationally-representative ' Pauvrete et Structure Familiale' (PSF) suvey in Senegal. I find some evidence of high redistributive obligations that come generally at the cost of lower savings achieved for the main transfer senders. Based on an original lab experiment, in the third chapter, I highlight the widespread use of costly strategies aimed at circumventing these redistributive norms, namely income hiding. I identify the distortionary effects of such strategies on resource allocation decisions. In particular, I elicit a high willingness-to-pay to hide income from peers in the lab and show that hidden income induce a lower share of the gains devoted to transfers out of the lab, compensated by an increase in personal expenses. Finally, in my last chapter, using the panel of individuals of the PSF survey, I show that monogamous wives, when facing a higher risk of becoming polygamous, invest in self-protective strategies by saving more and spending more on personal expenses and on the education of their children
Briand, Virginie. "Manger au quotidien : la vulnérabilité des familles urbaines en Afrique /." Paris : IRD éd. : Karthala, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41190082t.
Full textBibliogr. p. 237-255.
Njifon, Nsangou Hassan. "Drépanocytose et fratrie : une étude clinique exploratoire du vécu des frères et sœurs d’enfants atteints en contexte culturel camerounais." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100015.
Full textThe family is a potential social resource for sick people. However, under such circumstances, siblings are less often considered and even studied than parents. It is important to understand how siblings of a child with a chronic condition such as sickle cell disease cope with the situation. This genetic disease is characterized with pain and chronic anemia, generally unpredictable. This dissertation explored the experiences of 4 brothers and 10 sisters of children with sickle cell disease met in 9 different families in Cameroon through the clinical interview and the family drawing. The analysis of interviews and the analysis of family drawings highlight the children give meaning to the disease by relying on traditional and Western representations. They have feelings of helplessness, guilt, shame and experience the sick as strange during crises. They are afraid of being contaminated as well while having ambivalent feelings whereby they wish for the sick sibling’s death while at the same time exhibiting fear of the same. They feel lonely, siblings are not a resource and talking about the disease is a challenge. The sick child is perceived as a passive victim, not like a brother. This dissertation shows the specificities of the experiences of these siblings and emphasizes the need to offer a listening ear among them and the sick child so that he/she can be/become a child among others
Waka, Modjo Roger Armand. "Diversité de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne depuis 1960 : le rôle de l'infécondité et de la taille des familles." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40063.
Full textIn the 1960s there is in Sub-Saharan Africa a heterogeneousness of the level of fertility, marked mainly by weaker levels in the countries of Central Africa, which is explained by a lesser fertility of the births of firts ranks. This weakest fertility of the births of first ranks is due to sanitary reasons which led to a larger proportion of sterile women. From the end of the 1960s, the implementation of sanitary policies aiming to reduce the infertility and to improve the maternal health and, the rejection of certain taboos are going to lead, until the middle of the 1980s, to an increase of the level of fertility in these countries. This is going to reduce the differences between the levels of fertility which existed between the countries of Central Africa (Cameroon for example) and the other regions (Kenya, Mali, Niger and Zimbabwe for example). These policies are essentially going to benefit the births of the first four ranks, an increase of which we also observe during the same period and mainly throughout the generations. Today the situation is not comparable to the one of the 1960s, all the countries having begun their transition, the difference of levels of fertility is explained by differences in the period and/or the speed of the transition which express itself by disparities concerning the age in the firts marriage, the levels of the infant mortality, the modern contraceptive practice and the practice of polygamy. These factors also lead to differences concerning the births of rank four or more
Marazyan, Karine. "Effets du confiage sur les enfants hôtes en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0049.
Full textThis PhD dissertation studies the effect of child fostering, which consists for parents of sending one of their children to another home, on host children's welfare in Cameroon and Senegal. The main channel through which an effect is expected is the variation of the amount of resources host parents invest in their own children. Such a variation depends crucially on the extent to which the costs linked to the caring of the foster ¬child are compensated. Therefore, to answer the question raised, we adopt an empirical approach. The latter is however challenged by one major issue: the potential selection of the host household. As a consequence, to estimate the effect of interest we implement two strategies: the instrumentation of the presence of a foster child in a household and the comparison within the same host household of different groups of biological children. We show that in Cameroon, host children are not affected in terms of their school enrolment by the presence of school-age girls fostered in by obligations. In Senegal, children do not seem either to be affected in terms of their probability to have ever been enrolled in a formai school by the presence of non-biological children. But it seems that girls are more likely to be currently enrolled in school if they grow up with a particular group of non-biological children: foster-children who are explicitly recognized as so and who are hosted potentially because of the reciprocity requirement of a past fostering exchange. As a conclusion, it seems that households are able to develop strategies ex-post or ex-ante to absorb the shock linked to the arrival of a foster-child
Biao, Tchabi Alphonse. "Les droits du conjoint survivant dans les pays d'Afrique francophone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0275.
Full textThe surviving spouse has very often been considered a poor relation in matters of inheritance. Generally defined, in French-speaking African countries, as the non-divorced spouse and against whom there is no final judgment of separation, his rights have undergone significant development. The laws of these countries were strongly inspired by the texts of France, the former colonizing power, mainly from the civil Code of 1804 and subsequent reforms.Originally, these rights, characterized by their heterogeneity, have, on the one hand, coexisted among themselves, under the influence of heterogeneous traditional institutions, generating unequal rights, based in particular on the privileges of masculinity and primogeniture. This coexistence was achieved, on the other hand, with the exogenous laws, in this case French law and Muslim law, which contributed to the general establishment of legal pluralism and specific inheritance pluralism, in a context shared between opposition and coordination of existing rules.Today, the homogeneous nature of these rights is affirmed throughout the territory of each of the countries under review. These rights are therefore granted by law, just as they can be by will, subject to compliance with the prohibitions relating to the marriage contract, and the reservation of reserved heirs. In addition to this consecration which above all highlights the inheritance vocation of the surviving spouse, these rights are nevertheless abused. Consequently, they first call for protection based more on devolution rules favorable to the tightening of the family nucleus around the matrimonial home. Also, on the strength of the community and linguistic space in which they operate, it would be interesting and appropriate to consider the harmonization of the rights of the surviving spouse in French-speaking African countries
Sall, Moussa. "Les exploitations agricoles familiales face aux risques agricoles et climatiques : stratégies développées et assurances agricoles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20063/document.
Full textFamily farming undeniably appears as a pillar of national food security. It represents nearly 80% of farms in sub-Saharan Africa and employs 75% of assets. In the groundnut basin, family farms generally have an average size between one and five hectares, but they face the various challenges of food security, social equity and environmental sustainability. In addition, they face structural constraints of organizational and economic order in a context of climate uncertainty. Thus, this thesis seeks to understand the strategies used by family farms toward the various risks and alternative proposals from other actors in the sector's development. It is, at once, to identify the main constraints arising farms and strategies they cause to propose additional or alternative strategies in the analysis of the risk management framework. For such an aim, we arrested the concepts of family farm, risk, vulnerability and agricultural insurance to reflect the dimensions of this subject for research. This theoretical and conceptual framework was operationalized on the field within farms, giving a voice to farm managers. Several investigations have been conducted and focused on socio-demographic, structural and technical indicators, principal risks and constraints at the farm level, the perception of agricultural insurance. It appears from this study that the main risks identified are agriculture and climate. Family farms consider access to inputs (fertilizer and seed) and farm equipment as a structural constraint in the rainfall deficit. Also, it appears a significant vulnerability in its three components at farm level Basin. This reflection shows the limits of the strategies developed by the farms to improve their resilience in the context of rained groundnut basin; and justifies the need to go to new complementary strategies. One of the tracks that we have explored is the agricultural index insurance. Its coupling to credit, as collateral to financial institutions and to provide working capital is positively appreciated by the subscribers who, up to 95%, are willing to extend the use of insurance policies
Qribi, Abdelhak. "Acculturation, éducation familiale et scolarité de l'enfant maghrébin dans le contexte français de l'immigration." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21018.
Full textThe main hypothesis of the inquiry is based on the idea that the maghrebin family circle is not so uniform as we can think: a diversity both cultural and educational can be observed. Taking account of a problematic of acculturation, the study shows how the cultural options adopted by the parents have repercussions on children education. A typology is proposed to show it. The study reinforces the assumption that the socio-economic conditions do not necessarily lead to an educational style regarding the values and the educational principals and structuration of the family environment-as J. Lautrey suggest (1980) but it is the form that takes the acculturation on modernity at a given moment of the history of the maghrebin migrant which induces such. Those results could contribute to change the approach of the diversity in the school profiles of the children belonging to the circle which has been studied
Mendez-Leblond, Sacha, and Sacha Mendez-Leblond. "L'effet d'un programme d'aide sociale sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du Sud." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24906.
Full textNous étudions l’impact d’une subvention sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du sud. Près de 28 % des enfants non-orphelins de ce pays ne vivent pas avec leurs parents. Ces enfants peuvent être confiés lorsque leurs parents sont soumis à des contraintes financières. Aussi, les parents peuvent choisir d’envoyer leurs enfants pour de meilleures opportunités dans un autre ménage. En 1998, le gouvernement d’Afrique du Sud a introduit un programme d’aide à l’enfant Child Support grant (CSG) visant les enfants pauvres en particulier et qui prend la forme d’une allocation. Ce programme permet ainsi de protéger les familles et leurs enfants contre des variations économiques pouvant les affecter. Les parents peuvent réclamer l’allocation sauf dans le cas où une autre personne est responsable de l’enfant. Nous exploitons le seuil d’admissibilité de 7 ans à l’aide d’une méthode de régression discontinue afin d’évaluer l’effet de ce programme sur le confiage. Nous trouvons que le programme CSG contribue à diminuer le confiage des enfants pauvres. Ce résultat suggère que c’est la pauvreté qui pousse les parents à confier leurs enfants à des tiers.
Guilbert, Nathalie. "Investigating children welfare inequalities in Western Africa : natural shocks, family structure and unequal access to household ressources." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090062.
Full textThis doctoral thesis analyzes children welfare in Western African where societies are characterized by a large economic instability and an unequal access to resources among members of a same household. Exposure to high downside risk to income and livelihoods generates inter-generational poverty traps mechanisms for the most exposed individuals. Shocks intensity, life periods and the strategies implemented both ex ante and ex post to cope with risk are many potential channels for enhanced vulnerability. The first essay exploits a natural shock i.e. locust plague, to investigate the long-term impact of income shocks on the well-being of children, estimated by educational outcomes. The second essay focus on the consequences of early marriage, a marital practice still very widespread in West Africa, on child mortality in Senegal. Finally, the third essay studies the consequences of out-of-wedlock births, a rising phenomenon contrasting with the overall fertility decline observed in the region, on women and children’s welfare
Mercandalli, Sara. "Le rôle complexe des migrations dans les reconfigurations des systèmes d’activités des familles rurales : la circulation comme ressource ? Localité de Leonzoane, Mozambique 1900-2010." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111009/document.
Full textIn the context of the demo-economic transition in Sub-Saharan Africa, changes in rural household strategies towards more complex livelihoods, together with the recognition of renewed forms of migration, raise issues around the restructuring of rural economies. This thesis questions the renewed role of Mozambican rural households’ mobilities to understand to what extent they represent a key factor with regards the reshaping of livelihoods in the present post-Apartheid and liberalization context.This work sheds light on the conceptual links between institutional approaches in economics and the notion of circulation in geography in order to analyze the role of mobilities in livelihoods’ strategies in the long term. The analytical approach is based on biographical surveys of 97 Mozambican rural households, and includes both quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis shows the evolution of intense and circular migration of Leonzoane families to South Africa during colonial times towards more complex forms of mobilities, with a higher degree of working flexibility, in more extended geographical areas within and beyond the historical mining sector. These mobilities rely on a diversity of arrangements embedded in networks, showing evidence of a migration contract in the making, based on household strategies’ circular resources. The analysis of these migration forms together with the reshaping of households’ livelihoods illustrates a highly diversified situation in Leonzoane. While some households show a growing complexity of adjustments of their livelihoods, in which the relative share of agricultural activities tends to decrease, others perpetuate very stable non-diversified livelihoods. Being a fundamental livelihood asset, migration can certainly act as a strategic resource for rural households, but can also be a factor of insecurity or dependency
Kerroumi, Abdelali. "Trajectoires d'immigrants maghrébins : réseaux, fratrie et mobilité sociale /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40958476b.
Full textContient des éléments de l'enquête. Bibliogr. p. 317-333.
Mathieu, Maryse. "Évaluation des facteurs organisationnels influençant le processus de définition et la mise en place des actions de l'organisme communautaire Maghreb Afrique Comité des familles pour Survivre au sida." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27745/27745.pdf.
Full textThe organization ''Maghreb Afrique Comité des familles pour Survivre au sida'' is a social NGO in Paris, France. Its aim is to support seropositive people and their families to cope with everyday life and to make plans for the future. The organization also has an advocacy mission, defending the rights of these persons in the French society. This study sought to investigate the dynamics between the stakeholders that play a role in the achievement of the Comité’s objectives. An analysis framework based on of Gamson’s coalition theory and Hinings and Greenwood’s archetype was used. The main observations are related to the identification of the stakeholders concerned by the attainment of the Comité’s goals, the facilitating factors and barriers of interactions between players, and their satisfaction level within this collaboration.
Wayack, Pambè Madeleine. "Genre, sexe du chef de ménage et scolarisation des enfants à Ouagadougou." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100186.
Full textThis thesis examines the mediating role of gender in the demand for child education in Ouagadougou. It specifically addresses the influence of women in the modification of educational inequalities within households. The research utilizes census data from 2006, data from a quantitative study on the involvement of fathers and mothers in education, and semi-structures interviews with female heads of household conducted in 2009, to elaborate on results often observed in sub-Saharan Africa that children are often better educated in female-headed households. The analysis deals primarily with sociological priorities of the status of the “female head of household” and examines the element that legitimizes them as a distinct category from male heads of household, creating a cohesive group. The study focuses then on the relationship between demand for schooling and the sex of the head of household as well as, the sex of children in relation to family status. The results demonstrate that regardless the status of the head of household, particular family configurations with structures headed by women provide a conducive environment for the education of children, especially for boys. A complex and ambiguous finding also emerged in regards to the schools of these households, which proved to be more harmful to the education of some girls as a result of unequal gender relations in society exacerbated by the need for domestic labor in urban families. This thesis sheds light on the potential for census data to provide a gender-based approach to family education strategies in urban Burkina Faso
Quaretta, Edoardo. "Les enfants accusés de sorcellerie au Katanga, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209535.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zozio, Thierry. "Etude de la structure des populations de bacilles tuberculeux circulant sur les trois continents Asie, Afrique, Amérique : description de nouveaux clones et familles génotypiques ayant émergé au cours de l'évolution du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0385.
Full textTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Every year it kills 2 million people worldwide, affecting mostly developing countries. Despite many efforts, tuberculosis is gaining ground in various parts of the world. Co-infection HIV/TB and the emergence of TB strains resistant to treatment amplifies the problem. The various studies conducted in this thesis aims at describing populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using different techniques of molecular genotyping, on four regions: Northern Europe with Kaliningrad, the Middle East with Turkey , West Africa with the Gambia and the Caribbean with the Dominican Republic. Since the ancestor of the MTB Complex, the selection pressures encountered led to the diversity of Iineages currently observed in the world. Studies in this thesis, have resulted in the identification of new clones emerging genotypic and families, and to situate them in the phylogeny of MTBC. These studies target territories over or near the birthplace of MTB( (Egypt, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in particular). This approach allowed us to better characterize the overall phylogeny of MTBC. Thus, these results will help the development of control programs more suited to the structural reality of people from BK currently circulating in the study areas, and provide new information about the phylogenetic evolution of the MTBC. Considering the current situation and the inventory made in this report, tuberculosis should be placed at the center of global health concerns
Bendo, Christian Edvira. "Couple et entreprise familiale dans l'espace Ohada." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10353.
Full textCouple and family business within the OHADA space is a thematic born from a long work of observation, analysis and though around which the problematic of the concept of business and the intra- and extra- professionnal relations of spouses is present [...]
Bruelle, Guillaume. "Pertinence de l’agriculture de conservation pour tamponner les aléas climatiques : cas des systèmes de culture en riz pluvial au lac Alaotra, Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0060/document.
Full textConservation agriculture (CA) is widely disseminated at large scale in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to restore soil fertility and sustainably increase crop production of family farming. As defined by the FAO, CA is based on the three principles of minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and complex crop rotation. Among all the beneficial functions of CA, its ability to improve water balance through mulching can buffer water stress during crop cycle, and hence secure yields when rainfall are limited or poorly distributed. In the Lake Alaotra region of Madagascar, the area under rainfed upland rice has expanded lately. The region being characterized by an erratic rainfall distribution, intra- and inter-annually, CA practice seems appropriate to secure rainfed production. The main objective of this study is to evaluate to which extent this climate hazard can be buffered through the practice of CA. Firstly, we ran a review of the scientific literature to better understand the impact of CA in a wider context. Regarding the projections of population growth and climate change for SSA, CA is considered as a climate-smart option, i.e. an agriculture able to simultaneously mitigate climate change, adapt to this change, and sustainably increase productivity. The different studies illustrated the capacity of CA to maintain, or even increase production in the long-term, and in the shorter-term under limited or poorly distributed rainfall African contexts. These results suggested an ability of CA to adapt to climate change, predicting an increase in rainfall variability in SSA. However, the climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration under CA remained unclear because of a superficial storage which may be unsteady. Then, we focused on the study area to evaluate the potential of CA to buffer rainfall hazard. Using a 4-year dataset monitoring farmers' fields transitioning to CA, we observed a gradual increase in upland rice average yield with a decrease in variability over the consecutive years of CA practice. The data also suggested a capacity of CA to secure early or late sowing. But agro-environmental factors were mainly impacting yields in the region. This exploratory analysis allowed us to observe positive impacts of CA under the climate conditions of the Lake Alaotra region, suggesting an impact on water balance but no information was available to validate this hypothesis. Finally, we focused more precisely on the impact of mulch on water balance and upland rice yields under the climate conditions of the region, using a modeling approach. We ran an virtual experiment with the model PYE-CA to simulate a range of soil and climate conditions met in the region. We confirmed the ability of mulch to reduce, or even suppress, efficiently surface water runoff. We identified the sowing period within which rice growing would be the least impacted by water stress in the region. The results indicated that water availability for rice cropping was slightly impacted by a decrease in runoff for the majority of soil conditions and farmers' usual sowing dates. Beneficial effects of runoff reduction appeared under higher water stress conditions such as early sowing date or crop intensification and yield variability was decreased. This study allowed us to better apprehend the impacts of CA on water balance in the specific climate context of the study area. It would be interesting to integrate these results at the farm-level to identify the pros and cons of adopting CA under the socio-economic context of the Lake Alaotra region of Madagascar
King, Ariel. "The psycho-social support by local community members for traumatized children : a case study of Liberia, Botswana, and Morocco." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC028/document.
Full textThis contribution, which is part of a research-action carried out on different fields of investigation, proposes, in a comparative perspective, to examine the characteristics and the contribution of devices or programs of support and self-help implemented by African local communities to care for children who are victims of severe trauma, including orphaned, abuse and poverty, who are left to their own capabilities or who are vulnerable to maltreatment.Three countries, developing or emerging, serve as support for this argument: Botswana, facing deaths from AIDS and famine and drought; Liberia, bruised by civil war and its continued violence; Morocco, finally, with - in the background - the problem of precarity and the evolution of the status of women.Our approach, both quantitative and qualitative, is at the crossroads of social psychology and the sociology of representations and identities. The chosen methodology is based on a classical analysis in terms of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and blockages. Partnership relationships are also honored, as is the resource mobilization process, and resilience mechanisms
Diagne, Fatou. "Les enseignants, l'éducation à la sexualité et la prévention du SIDA au Sénégal : étude des déterminants de l'activité des professeurs d'économie familiale et sociale et des professeurs de sciences de la vie et de la terre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20011.
Full textThe problems related to sexuality and HIV/AIDS infection constitute a major concern for most of the African countries. Among the strategies likely to be implemented, the challenge that these problems represent, education and prevention keep uu a specific position. The will to find material for an answer to the questions raised and the importance of education to sexuality account for the choice of such a subject, all the more as it is rare to find researches in that field. Our work deals with education and aids prevention in school environment in Senegal and is based on the contribution of the professionals of educational and health system. The final objective is to identify from interviews and methods of the redefinition of the task carried out by the teachers. It clearly appears the this redefinition is essentially characterized by the social status of sexuality. The results emphasize the interest shown by the teachers and the need for massive training
Diabone, Clédor. "Pratiques et modes de résolution des conflits chez les immigrants subsahariens établis à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28298.
Full textThe focus of this research study are the interpersonal methods of family conflict management in sub-Saharan immigrant families living in Quebec. It looks at how sub-Saharan African immigrants deal with family conflicts and examines the justifications for the choices that they make in the process. The goal is to gain knowledge of the conflict management practices and methods used by sub-Saharan immigrants living in the Quebec region. For this purpose, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of ten participants (n=10) including three women, one young woman, four men, and two young men. The results obtained indicate that sub-Saharans tend to prioritize ways of dealing with family conflicts that are used in their countries of origin. In matters of family conflict, they refer to four levels of resolution involving the immediate family, the extended family, community leaders, and, only as a last resort, government services. The choice of these management methods seems to show that sub-Saharans apply within a Western cultural context the traditional methods of conflict resolution that are practiced in their countries of origin. This can be damaging to family dynamics because it may generate cultural conflict in addition to the existing family dissensions. Keywords: immigration – sub – saharians – familiy conflicts – social ecology.
Ngondzi, Jonas Rémy. "Enfants-soldats, conflits armés, liens familiaux : Quels enjeux de prise en charge dans le cadre du processus de DDR ? Approche comparative entre les deux Congo." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958088.
Full textKonaré, Alhousseyni. "Mystique et prophétie chez Léopold Sédar Senghor et Aimé Césaire." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040286.
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