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Academic literature on the topic 'Famille multigénique, évolution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Famille multigénique, évolution"
Mercier, JC, F. Grosclaude, and P. Martin. "La caséine κ et la famille multigénique des trois caseïnes "sensibles au calcium" : Polymorphisme, biosynthèse et évolution." médecine/sciences 7, no. 3 (1991): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/4354.
Full textKahn, A. "Gènes, pseudogènes, familles multigéniques et évolution." médecine/sciences 1, no. 4 (1985): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3341.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Famille multigénique, évolution"
Wirth, Bénédicte. "Dynamique et évolution d'ORFs dupliquées chez les levures hémiascomycètes : Etude de la famille multigénique DUP." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13070.
Full textSauka-Spengler, Tatjana. "Évolution structurale et fonctionnelle des homéogènes de la classe orthodenticle chez les gnathostomes." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077173.
Full textMeux, Edgar. "Caractérisation structurale et enzymatique, cibles potentielles et rôles physiologiques de glutathion transférases à cystéine catalytique de Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0256/document.
Full textPhanerochaete chrysosporium is a model fungus well studied for its lignolytic properties towards wood compounds and various toxic aromatic derivatives such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These degradation processes lead first to the formation of highly reactive and toxic compounds, which are then catabolized or excreted outside the cell. Genomic data allowed the identification of genes coding for superfamilies of enzymes putatively involved in these tolerance mechanisms. Among them, glutathione transferases are present in all kingdoms and constitute a multigenic superfamily of enzymes involved in cell protection and detoxification. However, although numerous studies have been performed on vertebrate enzymes, the role of these enzymes in the detoxication of toxic aromatic compounds is still unknown in basidiomycetes. The comparative analysis of GST sequences from various kingdoms of life reveals that fungal GSTs have evolved differently from their orthologs, in particular through the expansion of sub-classes poorly represented in vertebrates. Among them, GSTs with a catalytic cysteine represent 30% of this superfamily of enzymes in P. chrysosporium. Three Cys containing fungal isoforms have been characterized at the biochemical and structural levels, including an orthologue from lignolytic bacteria. All these enzymes are involved in deglutathionylation processes using a wide range of aromatic halogenated electrophilic compounds, including potentially toxic derivatives arising from the degradation of halogenated aromatic polymers. This GSTs family can be organized in various functional groups based on their substrate specificities, but still the catalytic process remains the same with the direct attack of the glutathionylated compound by the catalytic cysteine which is then reduced and regenerated. The comparative analysis of three isoforms revealed a new structural and functional class called glutathionyl hydroquinone reductase absent in vertebrates. These proteins exhibit a new mode of dimerization as well as the ability to deglutathionylate quinones. These results suggest that fungi have developed resistance mechanisms in response to environmental stresses, notably through the evolution of multigenic families such as catalytic cysteine bearing GSTs which are likely involved in the metabolism and tolerance towards a wide range of exogenous or endogenous compounds
Remigi, Philippe. "Évolution et fonction de la famille d'effecteurs de type III gala de la bactérie phytopathogène ralstonia solanacearum." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1585/.
Full textThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum possesses a large repertoire of type III effectors, among which a family of seven proteins called GALAs. GALAs are collectively required for the virulence of R. Solanacearum on different host plants. Interestingly, GALAs are homologous to plant F-box proteins which are involved in the eukaryotic ubiquitine-proteasome system. Thus GALAs could enable R. Solanacearum to manipulate the stability of some plant proteins during infection. Through this work, we demonstrated that the GALA family members underwent functional divergence during evolution. Integrating bioinformatics studies along with experimental data, we showed that GALA proteins display functional specificities and show differential requirement for pathogenicity on different hosts. This functional divergence likely contributed to the remarkable conservation of the GALA family among R. Solanacearum strains. We then analyzed more specifically the virulence function of GALA7 which had been shown to be a host specificity factor on Medicago truncatula. A structure-function analysis was initiated in order to identify the amino-acids which are required for GALA7 function during infection. Using transgenic plants expressing GALA7, we showed that this effector is probably an active E3-ubiquitine ligase enzyme within plant cells. Finally, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified several putative GALA interactors. Our work thus provides new insights into the selective forces driving the evolution of type III effectors and contributes to a better understanding of GALA functions during infection
Boudet, Nathalie. "Analyse de l'évolution du génome d'Arabidopsis thaliana par l'étude de familles de gènes." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077033.
Full textRoger, Emmanuel. "Bases génétiques du polymorphisme de compatibilité dans l'interaction Schistosoma mansoni / Biomphalaria glabrata." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344751.
Full textOllivier, Morgane. "Evolution comparée des génomes d’insectes. : évolution des familles multigéniques et adaptation chez les pucerons." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSARC099.
Full textAphids are insects characterized by an extreme phenotypic plasticity, as they show a great variety of forms depending on environmental conditions and during their annual life-cycle. These changes in phenotypic traits are initially governed by genes or genes families (gene amplification is often a way to increase the range of phenotypes of an organism), specific or not to this group, and may well be under the influence of selection. We therefore assumed that the plasticity of aphids results in molecular signals such as accelerated rates of evolution for some genes important in the biology of the species and the presence of gene families specific to this group. We are most interested in a biological trait which strongly influences the evolution of genes, the mode of reproduction. Theory predicts that changes in the rate of recombination and that the investment rate of a species in sexual reproduction have a direct influence on the evolution of genes. Models predict that the loss of sexual reproduction results in a gradual accumulation of deleterious mutations leading to the ultimate extinction of asexual species (Muller, 1964). The presence of sexual and asexual species in aphids makes it possible to quantify the accumulation of deleterious mutations, depending on a more or less recent loss of sexuality. The objective of this work was to study the factors of selection at the molecular level with special attention to i) assessing the level of duplication in aphids in general and between different species of the group, ii) detecting genes under accelerated evolution in response to an adaptive process, iii) evaluating the influence of reproductive mode on the evolution of genes. This work was conducted using the complete genome of the species Acyrthosiphon pisum and collections of gene transcripts for eigth other species
Henry, Joe͏̈lle. "Nouveaux membres des familles multigéniques B30 et B7 (CD80-CD86)dans la région du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité de classe I. Identification et aspects évolutifs." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30220.
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