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BLINNIKKA, LEENA-MARIA, and MARKKU SEITAMAA. "Spatiality of the Family's Inner Structure: Choice of Seat in Family Therapy." Family Process 28, no. 2 (June 1989): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1989.00183.x.
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Wilmoth, Joe D., and Samantha Smyser. "The ABC-X Model of Family Stress in the Book of Philippians." Journal of Psychology and Theology 37, no. 3 (September 2009): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710903700301.
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Throughout history, families have dealt with stress and crises. Hill's 1949 ABC-X model of family stress remains a useful tool for identifying the different components that affect how successfully families cope with stress. Paul's letter to the Philippians expands and illustrates this model. Therapists working with Christian families and individuals can use this model and Paul's epistle as a structure to help identify the type of stressor being experienced, explore family resources, and evaluate the individual's or family's meaning of the stressor, helping them to respond successfully to stress.
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Rashid, Amber Gul, Sharmain Zain Haroon, and Amna Nasir. "One agricultural family's story." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2013-0174.
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Subject area Entrepreneurship, agriculture, small business management and strategic planning. Study level/applicability This case is most relevant to undergraduates. Case overview This case is about Azad Ahmed who will soon graduate from his business school. He has the option of either landing in a high-paying job or joining his family business. Azad has the task of thinking for his family's future and turning the family business around. The case gives information on the condition of the agriculture sector in Pakistan, issues that the sector is facing, its non-traditional alternatives and the bright future it holds for the farmers who want to enter into agribusiness to capture international markets. The case also talks about how ownership structure of a family farm changes as the family expands further and baton is passed on to the future generations. Expected learning outcomes The case should get the students to define the term “family business” and weigh the perks and risks of working in a family business; recognize the importance of agriculture and farming in the Pakistani context; evaluate the dynamics of family expectations with respect to collectivistic society; identify the ownership transition stages and transition elements such as trigger points; define the term “agriprenuers”; and set up a business plan for agribusiness. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Han, Wen-Jui, Chien-Chung Huang, and Irwin Garfinkel. "The Importance of Family Structure and Family Income on Family's Educational Expenditure and Children's College Attendance." Journal of Family Issues 24, no. 6 (September 2003): 753–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03254518.
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Using the 1991-1998 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure, we analyzed the determinants of college attendance rates and educational expenditure among families with children in Taiwan, paying particular attention to the effects of family structure and family income. The findings indicate that higher family income is consistently associated with higher college attendance rates and spending on education. Children in single-parent families have lower college attendance rates than children in two-parent families. Furthermore, single-parent families spend less on education. When family income is taken into account, single-mother families are not significantly different from two-parent families on the outcome variables. Single-father families, however, are estimated to have significantly lower college attendance rates and educational expenditure after controlling for family income. These results suggest that improving the economic security of single-parent families will increase their children's attainment in single-mother families but will not eliminate the attainment gap between children in single-father and two-parent families.
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Wibawanto, Sigit. "PERAN KELUARGA DALAM PERILAKU PEMBELIAN HEDONIS." Fokus Bisnis : Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi 17, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/fokusbisnis.v17i2.228.
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This study aims to examine the structure of the family's role in the lifestyle of hedonism and its influence on the consumer purchasing process. Observation activities are carried out at modern markets and cafes/ restaurants in Kebumen district. This research paradigm discusses aspects of consumer behavior and marketing research regarding consumer behavior and purchasing decisions that vary and reflect the hedonic dimension. This descriptive qualitative research conducted with the purpose to understand the meaning symbolized by each family's behavior according to the family's own perspective. The results of the study show that shopping locations can cause a shift in purchasing activities in modern markets lead to hedonic behavior, but are still relatively normal. In the visit activities at cafe/ restaurant show hedonic behavior because it provides an illustration that eating outside the home as a place of discussion is considered interesting, not up to date, luxurious and worth displaying on its social media accounts. This research shows a number of the propositions that apply in the field. This research still needs to be improved, especially in the discussion of objects and research locations, including the selection of entertainment/ tourism places, as well as family strata in influencing hedonic buying behavior.
Keywords: buying behavior, hedonic lifestyle, family role, modern market, cafe/ restaurant
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Hopkins, AG. "The trauma nurse's role with families in crisis." Critical Care Nurse 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1994.14.2.35.
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Trauma occurs suddenly and without warning, leaving the family ill-prepared to deal with the stressful event. Because this experience is often the first of its kind for the family, they may have no experience in dealing with these situations. Depending upon which member of the family is injured, a family's entire lifestyle could be disrupted, necessitating a shift in family roles and responsibilities. Previous coping skills are generally inadequate, and feelings of helplessness and powerlessness abound. The unknown time frame for recovery from the traumatic event is an additional stressor. Loss of the traditional family structure and inadequate support systems require that the trauma nurse be able to assist families of trauma victims in this time of crisis. To effectively support the family, the nurse must understand the impact of trauma and typical family responses to crisis. The key to effective management of these families is early assessment and appropriate intervention through providing information, active listening, facilitating flexibility in visiting, and family conferences.
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McCarthy, Kathleen. "The Joker in the Pack: Slaves in Terence." Ramus 33, no. 1-2 (2004): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00001144.
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Where social relations are concerned, the servile condition was the joker in the pack: the true slave could be given a different value or significance according to prevailing principles of social organization. The slave was an outsider without a past or a future, without separate interests or compromising associations. In principle the slave was a creature of his or her owner. If necessary, the slave could act as a surrogate. The slave condition cancelled out all prior belonging or autonomy and enabled the slaveowners to claim the slave's reproductive powers, productive energy, administrative or military capacity and personal initiative.Blackburn (1996), 161Boiled down to its essentials, domestic comedy is about the business of getting and begetting, about economics and reproduction. True, it might be more fair to say that it is about the sense individuals have about their own roles and actions in these enterprises—about love and fear and regret, for example—but the twin concerns of household wealth and the status of future generations provide the structure within which these emotions take on meaning. To be more precise, these concerns are not just twinned, but are part of a single process which we might call ‘familial reproduction’, i.e. the process of using material, cultural and biological resources to stabilise the family's identity and status in the present and to extend the family's identity and status into the future. One important resource that Roman families drew on was the rich and manifold resource of the slave members of the familia.
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Chavira-Prado, Alicia. "Work, Health, and the Family: Gender Structure and Women's Status in an Undocumented Migrant Population." Human Organization 51, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.51.1.2qq68v3p70l10848.
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Work and health conditions of an undocumented Mexican migrant population in southern Illinois influence women's status within the family. The conditions threaten the physical and economic survival of the entire family, but pose special challenges to women who are dependent upon men and subordinated within the male/female relationship, even when they assume roles that are indispensable to the family, and that contradict the culturally ideal gender hierarchy. These contradictory roles fail to change the hierarchical ideology. Gender structure is shown to be dichotomous, consisting of behavior and ideology, which are differentially affected by the surrounding conditions. Additionally, men's and women's interpretations of ideology differ, as shaped by their respective experiences within the local context. Gender structure is shown to result from the undocumented family's adaptation to its surrounding conditions.
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Gallo, Miguel Angel, and Jannicke Sveen. "Internationalizing the Family Business: Facilitating and Restraining Factors." Family Business Review 4, no. 2 (June 1991): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1991.00181.x.
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Family businesses are faced with many factors that either facilitate or restrain internationalization. The company's strategy, organizational structure, culture, and developmental stage are intertwined with the family's international characteristics, and each area involves different facilitating or restraining factors. This article, based on experience, previous studies, and a series of interviews, examines internationalization in family businesses. The authors suggest that if the company is unable to take advantage of the factors that facilitate internationalization or overcome the factors that restrain it, the process will probably fail.
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Park, Young-Jun, and Karolin Luger. "Structure and function of nucleosome assembly proteinsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 27th International West Coast Chromatin and Chromosome Conference, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 84, no. 4 (August 2006): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o06-088.
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Homologues of nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP1) have been identified in all eukaryotes. Although initially identified as histone chaperones and chromatin-assembly factors, additional functions include roles in tissue-specific transcription regulation, apoptosis, histone shuttling, and cell-cycle regulation, and extend beyond those of a simple chaperone and assembly factor. NAP1 family members share a structurally conserved fold, the NAP domain. Here we review current knowledge of the NAP family of proteins within the context of the recently determined crystal structure of the NAP1 family's first representative, NAP1 from yeast.
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HAYNES, GEORGE W., JOSEPH I. ONOCHIE, and YOON LEE. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY'S SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE DEBT STRUCTURE OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN AND KOREAN-AMERICAN SMALL BUSINESSES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 13, no. 03 (September 2008): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946708001022.
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This study utilizes the Korean-American and Mexican-American samples in the National Minority Business Survey to examine the debt structure of small businesses owned by individuals from these ethnic groups. Small business owners with higher household net worth were more likely to borrow from finance companies, friends, and credit card companies. When controlling for business, business owner and family characteristics, Mexican-American small business owners with high net worth were significantly more likely to borrow from commercial banks than Mexican-American small business owners with low net worth are. Korean-American small business owners with high net worth were significantly more likely to utilize family loans than Korean-American small business owners with low net worth are. Korean-American small businesses appeared to be more financially dependent on the financial strength of their community, while Mexican-American small businesses owners appeared to be more financially independent.
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Lamprecht, JÜRG. "Structure and Causation of the Dominance Hierarchy in a Flock of Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus)." Behaviour 96, no. 1-2 (1986): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x00207.
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AbstractIn a flock of tame, free-flying bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) the structure, stability and causes of the dominance hierarchy among different types of social units were studied. 1. In accordance with field results of other authors, families proved dominant over pairs, pairs over unpaired birds, and single males dominated single females. Single females with young ranked between families and pairs in this study, and lone breeding males whose females were incubating ranked between pairs and unpaired individuals. Contrary to some field studies, no rank differences were found between different-sized families. 2. The dominance value of pairs in winter correlated with subsequent fledging success, and there was some casual evidence that high-ranking males are more likely to obtain a mate. This would result in relating high rank to families, medium rank to pairs and low rank to unpaired birds. Yet as temporarily leaving the mate was promptly followed by a drop in rank and successful breeding by a rise in rank, the social context seems a major cause, and only to a minor extent a consequence of dominance rank. 3. Age correlated more strongly with a pair's rank in winter than weight, tarsus length and upper beak length. Rank in summer correlated highly with rank in the following winter. A positive feedback system age - dominance - fledging success-higher dominance-fledging success' is suggested which could account for the 'delayed breeding' common in geese and swans. 4. In pairs or families male age correlated more strongly than female age with winter dominance. Most opponents were displayed by the male alone, and only the male of a pair got involved in highest intensity aggression (wing-beat fighting). The widowed female of one high-ranking pair was low-ranking in subsequent years when paired with a young low-ranking male. The evidence suggests that the gander alone determines a family's or pair's rank. 5. There was no indication of a positive co-operative effect achieved by joint aggression. Comparison of frequencies of aggressive acts and postures between birds in different social contexts suggested that the presence of the mate and/or offspring increases fighting motivation, thus explaining the dependence of rank on the social context. 6. The stability of dyadic dominance relationships between social units was greater between than within social classes. The hierarchy of social classes can be explained by geese signalling their degree of fighting motivation to each other. Individual recognition of members of other social units seems of minor importance for the hierarchy even in this stable flock.
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Yuzaki, Michisuke. "New insights into the structure and function of glutamate receptors: the orphan receptor .DELTA.2 reveals its family's secrets." Keio Journal of Medicine 52, no. 2 (2003): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2302/kjm.52.92.
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Singerman, Adam Roth. "The clausal organization of Tuparí, an indigenous Brazilian language." Acta Linguistica Academica 67, no. 4 (January 12, 2021): 429–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00025.
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AbstractThis paper provides a detailed description and analysis of the clausal organization of Tuparí, a Tupían language that is spoken by approximately 350 people in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. The paper focuses on several interrelated issues that have broader comparative and typological importance, including (a) the distribution of head-initial and head-final phrase structure, (b) the diverse surface realizations of the Tense Phrase, and (c) the distinction between true pronouns and pronoun-like agreement enclitics. Data are drawn from an in-progress corpus of native language texts, everyday conversations and elicited utterances. Differences between Tuparí and the other languages belonging to the Tupían family's Tuparían branch are highlighted at various points for comparative purposes.
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PIZZETTI, PAOLA, MATTEO MANFREDINI, and ENZO LUCCHETTI. "Variations in late-age mortality by household structure and marital status in Parma, Italy." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (April 22, 2005): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04003290.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between household structure and mortality at older ages in Parma, Italy. The household is an important setting for older people's social roles and social relations and its composition has a strong association with their health. The study examines 57,830 people aged 65 or more years drawn from the population registers of Parma (Italy). Record linkage from 1989 to 2000 was carried out using their unique identification numbers. Through the linked records, it was possible to follow changes in each person's and family's history provided they remained resident in Parma. The descriptive analyses show that elderly women were more likely than men to live alone, probably on account of their higher longevity. Only 10 per cent of elderly men lived alone, as compared with 32 per cent of older women. Nonetheless, the survival curves demonstrate that up to the age of 80 years, women living alone experienced lower mortality than those living with partners. A logistic regression model based on ‘event history analysis’ was performed using the longitudinal data. The results suggest that being married provides a protective role against mortality in later life only for men. It is possible that elderly women who take care of a husband or relatives do not care for themselves (or their health), as do older women who live alone.
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McConaughy, Daniel L. "Is the Cost of Capital Different for Family Firms?" Family Business Review 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00353.x.
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It has been suggested that the cost of capital for a family firm depends on, among other things, a “family effect,” which deals with the family's relation to its business. Financial theory regarding the cost of capital states that the cost of capital is a market-based function of the characteristics of the investment, not the investor. This theory suggests that a firm's cost of capital does not depend on a family effect. However, not all financial economists' assumptions regarding the cost of capital hold for the family firm. This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding the cost of capital and applies it to the family firm. Knowing the correct cost of capital will enable family owner-managers to make better investment and financing decisions, evaluate performance, and structure rewards for performance.
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McMahon, Stephanie Hunter. "To Save State Residents: States' Use of Community Property for Federal Tax Reduction, 1939–1947." Law and History Review 27, no. 3 (2009): 585–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000003916.
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In 1939, at the end of almost two decades of statewide want and despair, Oklahoma adopted the community property system “to save state residents on their federal income tax.” Between 1939 and 1947, Oklahoma and four other states openly and unabashedly exploited the Supreme Court's creation of what amounted to a tax loophole for the nation's wealthy; several more states seriously considered doing the same. In 1930, the Court had ruled that the community marital property regime of eight western states permitted their married couples to split family income between spouses, so that each spouse reported half of that income for federal income tax purposes. As a result of the federal government's progressive income tax bracket structure, in most cases this split meant that more of the family's income would be taxed in lower tax brackets. Thus, a property regime that was purely a creation of state law had the effect of reducing residents' federal tax obligations.
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Liang, Guangyu, Yanyang Liu, Kangwei Feng, Yuefeng Pan, Yaxiong Liu, and Man Yuan. "Design of home intelligent robot of internet of things." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133603001.
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An aging society is the challenge we will face and deal with. It is necessary and important to explore the problems and solutions faced by an aging society. In response to this phenomenon, we designed an IoT home smart robot based on ESP8266 and STM32 to improve the quality of life of the elderly. The robot can realize functions such as environmental monitoring, fire warning, electrical power distribution, light control, auxiliary weight lifting, weather forecast, etc. Connecting to the Baidu cloud platform can realize data visualization, allowing children to remotely view the family's data and equipment conditions in the cloud, and has the function of automatically mopping the floor to reduce the burden of housework. On the basis of the mechanical structure design, combined with the current emerging Internet of Things technology and electronic control technology, mechatronics, the research and development cost is low, the function is complete, and it has strong practicability and innovation.
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Mavrogianni, Aristea, Εleni Vassilaki, Apostolos Sarris, and Emmanuel Yachnakis. "Do Computer and Foreign language literacy affect native language (L1) reading strategies?" Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 6 (July 8, 2021): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.86.10469.
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This research investigates metacognitive awareness, students reading strategies preferences and their correlation to independent demographic and educational variables. Data were gathered through the MARSI-2fGR inventory administered to a random sample of 632 students aged 12-24 from 68 schools in various urban, semi-urban and rural regions in Greece. The alternative factorial structure of the MARSI-2fGR inventory comprised of two factors, namely textor and textout, standing for text-oriented and beyond text reading strategies that Greek secondary students use. Results showed significant differences in favour of the textor reading strategies compared to the textout. It seems that other parameters affect the reading strategies preferences more than the family's socioeconomic status. Both variables of foreign language knowledge and computer literacy showed statistically significant differences. Therefore, it appeared that the more literate someone is in foreign languages and computers, the more reading strategies he/she declared to use. This research sheds new light on the way that Greek students read academic or school-related material.
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Ismanova, Nurlan. "Features of dysfunctionality of the family institution in the conditions of modernization of the kyrgyz society." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2005-10.
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Interest in studying the status of the Kyrgyz family at the present stage is caused by the unstable situation in society. The socio-economic crisis of the Kyrgyz society, which led to market relations, unemployment, migration and poverty, affected the needs of family members. The mobilization of the family's internal capabilities for survival in a crisis, the preference for material well-being to spiritual values have become the main factors in reducing the value of the family and weakening the status of parenthood. Changes in traditional family values caused social risks that negatively affected the quality of socialization of the individual, the integrity of the family, the structure of family and marriage relations, the status of the family, which led to the dysfunctionality of the institution of the Kyrgyz family. The family is the only historically determined and stable institution of Kyrgyz society that can withstand the destructive and destabilizing situations of society. This requires purposeful strengthening of the social potential of the family, parents, youth and effective family policy of the state.
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Al-Qemaqchi, Nahedh Taha, and Tara Azad Rauof. "Assessing the habitability of single-family houses in Iraq a case study in Sulaimaniya city." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 43 (August 31, 2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.43.07.18.
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A residence strongly influences the lifestyle of its occupants and may be a determining factor for the family's quality of life. To maintain the comfort and well-being of its occupants, each dwelling should be adequate for the household. The dwelling should therefore provide a habitable and comfortable environment. Housing space standards in many countries set the conditions for achieving these objectives and generally regulate the overall sizes of individual rooms in addition to the layouts of dwellings. This paper seeks to explore the relationship between habitable area ratios and other component area ratios, such as the structure area, the service area, the circulation area and the open space area, in the context of Iraqi single-family houses. Therefore, this study aims to answer two key questions: Is the habitable area ratio among other ratios compatible with Iraqi housing standards? And does it affect the performance of the units? To this end, the paper adopted a methodology for calculating each area ratio in several newly established complexes in Sulaimaniya City and their relationship to the size of different plot areas for assessing the habitability and efficiency of different house plot areas.
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Holmes, Sophie Nilusha, and Jan Illing. "Breaking bad news: tackling cultural dilemmas." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 11, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002700.
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AbstractRequesting that serious diagnoses be concealed from patients, a widespread phenomenon in many cultures, presents a professional dilemma. Practical and sensitive communication strategies are needed.MethodologyIn this paper, we use analysis of the existing literature to develop a communication tool for practitioners facing requests for diagnostic non-disclosure. Our approach builds on existing strategies, in providing a mnemonic communication tool, permitting more than one outcome, and focusing on the need for mutual understanding and cooperation.ResultsExisting work on this dilemma highlights the need to appreciate the family's standpoint, affirm their benevolent intentions and correct misperceptions. To this end, we have developed a mnemonic tool, 'ARCHES', to be used in situations where the family has requested diagnostic non-disclosure. The model has six stages: acknowledge the request for non-disclosure, build the relationship, find common ground, honour the patient's preferences and outline the harm of non-disclosure, provide emotional support and devise a supportive solution.ConclusionFacing requests for diagnostic non-disclosure is a challenge of communication. The dilemma is particularly marked when practising across cultures. Our model gives a structure for building rapport with the family and realigning their misperceptions while upholding the patient's right to knowledge.
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Karavanova, Lyudmila, and Ruslan Kachaev. "Personal factors of professional success of social work specialists." Applied psychology and pedagogy 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2021-6-2-125-140.
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The article presents an analysis of the personal factors of the success of the professional activities of social work specialists, in particular, specialists in working with the family. It is noted that the structure of social services requires the solution of a number of new tasks caused by social, information, economic, and globalization changes in our society. Social services for the family are understood as specific social activities aimed at expanding the family's ability to independently provide for their basic life needs, to promote the sustainable functioning of the family and the effective performance of families ' functions of raising and socializing children. The relevance of the empirical study of personal psychological resources of the success of social professionals is justified. In the framework of an empirical study, using the methods of expert evaluation, the method of" polar groups " by J. R. R. Tolkien. Flanagan, techniques 16-tifactorial the study of personality Cattell R., methods of diagnosis leading mechanisms of psychological protection "Index lifestyle" R. Plutchik ("Life style Index"), questionnaire of coping (coping R. Lazarus test) among the "unsuccessful" and "successful" professionals working with the family received the results: "failed" experts characterized by the use of A Factor, while for "successful" professionals a number of wider factors, Factor V, Factor E, F Factor, Factor I; it is revealed that among the adaptive mechanisms (mechanisms of psychological protection and strategies of coping with stress), the following predominate: in" unsuccessful "specialists – the mechanisms of psychological protection "regression"," substitution "and coping strategy" distancing"; in" successful "specialists – "confrontation". The expansion of scientific knowledge about the psychological factors of the success of professional activities of specialists working with the family will reduce the tension of subject-subject interaction, prevent the manifestations of various kinds of professional deformities, as well as ensure a certain level of professional health and improve the quality of life of specialists in general.
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Teisseyre, Piotr. "Reconciliation of work and family care in the context of the underemployment phenomenon in Poland." SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (March 2013): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-su3007.
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This paper investigates the relationships between the phenomenon of underemployment in Poland - defined as a non-standard form of employment, particularly as work on fixed-term contracts - and the role of informal social networks and family in meeting social needs. Two different hypothesis are considered. The first hypothesis. Extension of labor market segmentation leads to an increase in the role of family and informal social networks among workers, who are deprived of stable employment and with limited chances of promotion. Employees with fixed-term contracts (according to Eurostat 28,2% of all employees) have a limited access to public and commercial institutions that meet social needs. For those people the family and community should play an important role in providing individuals with goods and services. In other words, underemployment fosters familiarization in Poland. The second hypothesis. Employees with lower average incomes from fixed-term work have a limited access to affluent social support networks. The rule of reciprocity is weaker among these segments of social structure. Thus, the role of community and family plays a less significant role in households where non-standard employment is prevalent. The intensity of family's and informal social network's support is explored in reference to child care and financial transfers within informal networks. The analysis is based on the EUSILC data from 2008.
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Laffranchini, Giacomo, and Mike Braun. "Slack in family firms: evidence from Italy (2006-2010)." Journal of Family Business Management 4, no. 2 (October 7, 2014): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-04-2013-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between available slack and firm performance in Italian family-controlled public firms (FCPFs) from 2006 to 2010. In addition the authors analyze the moderating effects of specific board structure variables on the relationship between slack resources and firms’ performance. Design/methodology/approach – A pooled cross-section of family and non-family publicly traded firms was drawn from COMPUSTAT global and matched with corporate governance and family firm variables hand-collected from companies’ standard profiles from Italy's primary stock exchange, Borsa Italiana. The hypotheses were tested using the feasible generalized least square method in order to analyze the data from 583 firms-observations, controlling for self-selection bias and reverse causality. Findings – The study shows that FCPFs with available slack experience less than proportionate increases in performance, suggesting a concave curvilinear slack-performance relationship. However, the slack-performance relationship is contingent on board independence and board size: greater board independence and larger boards in FCPFs relate to higher performance when the firm lacks or has too much slack available. The findings suggest that a balanced approach of oversight and stewardship helps families to make better resources allocation, to the benefit of outside shareholders as well. Research limitations/implications – The slack measure was restricted to available slack. Future studies can expand this research inquiry with other forms of slack, including potential and recoverable slack. The sample included only publicly traded family and non-family firms, thereby limiting the generalizability of the findings to other types of family enterprises. Lastly, the results only attend to the slack-performance relationship by controlling whether the firm's performance is below or above the industry average. Practical implications – Policy makers and non-family stakeholders may rely on the findings better understand the factors that can alter the family's propensity for risks and its related strategic decisions in the Italian context. Procedures to fully monitor family management's decision making or, at the other extreme, to give the family free reign are likely to disadvantage families, their business, and their outside stakeholders. Originality/value – The study reconciles the debate on the role of slack on firms’ performance by proposing a curvilinear relationship. The study is one of only a handful of research inquiries centrally addressing the role of slack in family-owned businesses, and the only analysis focussed on Italian FCPFs.
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Sabarinathan, Radhakrishnan, Christian Anthon, Jan Gorodkin, and Stefan Seemann. "Multiple Sequence Alignments Enhance Boundary Definition of RNA Structures." Genes 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120604.
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Self-contained structured domains of RNA sequences have often distinct molecular functions. Determining the boundaries of structured domains of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is needed for many ncRNA gene finder programs that predict RNA secondary structures in aligned genomes because these methods do not necessarily provide precise information about the boundaries or the location of the RNA structure inside the predicted ncRNA. Even without having a structure prediction, it is of interest to search for structured domains, such as for finding common RNA motifs in RNA-protein binding assays. The precise definition of the boundaries are essential for downstream analyses such as RNA structure modelling, e.g., through covariance models, and RNA structure clustering for the search of common motifs. Such efforts have so far been focused on single sequences, thus here we present a comparison for boundary definition between single sequence and multiple sequence alignments. We also present a novel approach, named RNAbound, for finding the boundaries that are based on probabilities of evolutionarily conserved base pairings. We tested the performance of two different methods on a limited number of Rfam families using the annotated structured RNA regions in the human genome and their multiple sequence alignments created from 14 species. The results show that multiple sequence alignments improve the boundary prediction for branched structures compared to single sequences independent of the chosen method. The actual performance of the two methods differs on single hairpin structures and branched structures. For the RNA families with branched structures, including transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), RNAbound improves the boundary predictions using multiple sequence alignments to median differences of −6 and −11.5 nucleotides (nts) for left and right boundary, respectively (window size of 200 nts).
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G Aguilar, Víctor, and Anahí Briozzo. "Empresas familiares: estructura de capital y riqueza socioemocional." Investigación Administrativa 49-1 (January 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35426/iav49n125.07.
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En este artículo se revisan los aportes teórico-conceptuales y empíricos, más destacables relacionados con las decisiones de financiamiento en empresas familiares, con el objetivo de contextualizar a la firma familiar como un área de estudio por sí misma. El análisis bibliográfico sigue un método que da cuenta de un recorrido conceptual por los elementos más importantes en la empresa familiar contrarrestándolos con lo comúnmente observado para las empresas no familiares e incluyendo para tal efecto, la mención a trabajos que presenten resultados empíricos. La revisión da como resultado el hallazgo de coincidencias entre distintos trabajos, en cuanto se refiere a la existencia en la empresa familiar, de una realidad socioemocional y otra puramente de negocios, por lo tanto, la existencia de un aparente conflicto en las decisiones derivadas de la contradicción entre lo normativo y lo comportamental, utilizando como elemento básico del análisis, a las decisiones sobre estructura de capital. La relevancia del trabajo resulta de la esquematización del problema bajo estudio y la detección de vacíos de conocimiento, lo que sirve como base para futuras investigaciones. Las limitaciones se derivan del riesgo de no detectar en la revisión de antecedentes aportes innovadores, aunque con bajo número de citas.
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ZEIDERS, KATHARINE H., MARK W. ROOSA, and JENN-YUN TEIN. "Family Structure and Family Processes in Mexican-American Families." Family Process 50, no. 1 (March 2011): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01347.x.
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Prunier, Delphine. "Los impactos de la migración internacional en el campo nicaragüense. Las transformaciones de la organización productiva familiar." Revista Trace, no. 60 (July 15, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.60.2011.448.
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Este artículo resulta de una investigación llevada a cabo en una comunidad campesina del norte de Nicaragua (departamento de Estelí) en 2007. La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los impactos de la migración internacional en las familias rurales de esta región de expulsión migratoria. Tomando en cuenta un espacio migratorio multipolarizado (Nicaragua, Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos), nos concentramos en los mecanismos de transformación de la organización productiva y de la economía familiar en el lugar de origen. Describimos las dinámicas migratorias en la zona y explicamos la relación entre estas trayectorias y las estructuras socioproductivas de las familias de los migrantes. La encuesta realizada con las familias que permanecen en la comunidad de origen nos permite dar cuenta de la manera en cómo se usan las remesas –principalmente en el marco de la explotación agrícola doméstica– para presentar finalmente un panorama de los escenarios que pueden darse alrededor de los recursos agrarios y migratorios en las familias rurales nicaragüenses. A lo largo del texto, insistimos en las características de las distintas trayectorias migratorias (según el país de destino, las temporalidades, distancias y posibilidades de circulación) y sus impactos diferenciados en cuanto a la organización productiva de las familias rurales implicadas en el fenómeno migratorio.Abstract: This paper is an investigation carried out in a rural community in northern Nicaragua (Estelí department) in 2007. The research aims to determine the impacts of international migration on rural families in this expulsive region. Taking into account a multi-polarized migration space (Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the United States), we focus on mechanisms that transform the organization of production and household economy in the place of origin. We describe the dynamics of migration in the area and explain the relationship between these different paths and socio-productive structures of the families of migrants. The survey conducted with families who remain in the community of origin allows us to account for the way how remittances are used more specifically in the context of domestic farm to finally give an overview of the scenarios that can arise around land and migration resources in Nicaraguan rural families. Throughout the text, we emphasize the characteristics of different migration routes (depending on country of destination, time frames, distances, the possibilities of circulation) and their different impacts in terms of productive organization of rural households involved in migration.Résumé : Cet article est le fruit d’une enquête menée dans une communauté rurale au nord du Nicaragua (département d’Estelí) en 2007. La recherche vise à déterminer les impacts de la migration internationale sur les familles rurales dans cette région d’expulsion migratoire. Tenant compte d’un espace migratoire multipolarisé (le Nicaragua, le Costa Rica et les États-Unis), nous nous concentrons sur les mécanismes de transformation de l’organisation de la production et de l’économie familiale dans le lieu d’origine. Nous décrivons la dynamique des migrations dans la région et expliquons la relation entre ces différentes trajectoires et les structures socio-productives des familles de migrants. L’enquête menée avec les familles qui restent dans la communauté d’origine nous permet de rendre compte de l’usage des transferts financiers de la migration –plus précisément dans le contexte de l’exploitation agricole familiale– pour finalement présenter un aperçu des scénarios qui peuvent se mettre en place autour des ressources agraires et migratoires dans les familles rurales nicaraguayennes. Tout au long du texte, nous insistons sur les caractéristiques des différentes trajectoires migratoires (selon le pays de destination, les temporalités, les distances, les possibilités de circulation) et leurs impacts différenciés en termes d’organisation productive des familles rurales impliquées dans migration.
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Jana, Bidyut Kumar, and Sobhan Kumar Mukherjee. "Pappus Structure in the Family Compositae- A Short communication." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2014/9.
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Acuna, Alejandra, Hannah Mathers, and Luke Case. "(312) Implementing and Assesing a Bilingual Educational Program for Hispanic Nursery Workers in Ohio." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1055E—1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1055e.
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Hispanics are becoming the main source of labor in many productive- and service-oriented businesses in the United States, and the nursery industry is one example. Employers invest much time and money into employees, making the employees their biggest investment. However, the educational needs of Hispanic employees have not been adequately addressed, and no formal educational program for Hispanic workers in the nursery industry has been implemented and tested in Ohio. This project has two objectives: 1) measure the impact of a bilingual educational program containing instruction in horticulture and instruction in life skills to a Hispanic workforce, and 2) investigate which type of training is more essential to the stabilization of the Hispanic family unit, technical horticultural training, or training in life-skills. Eight nurseries throughout Ohio were selected to participate in this project. At each of the nurseries, an average group size of 15 employees was trained. Only half of this number participated in the social skills lessons to determine differences between the group who received social skills lessons and the group who did not. Three horticultural topics were selected: basic plant structure and development, pruning, and nutrition. Forty-minute lessons in Spanish with key concepts in English were prepared with the topics mentioned. Three social skills topics were selected: meeting your and your family's needs in the United States, social support in your community, and communication. In order to measure the impact of a bilingual educational program, two tests (The Rosenberg Selfeteem and Index of Family Relationship) were applied before and after the program was performed. A course evaluation was completed by each of the participants after the program was completed.
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Dubakov, Leonid V., and Zheng Qianqian. "The motive of overcoming history and fate and the Buddhist worldview in A. L. Ivanchenko’s novel “Monogram” and Mo Yan’s “Tired of being Born and Dying”." World of Russian-speaking countries 2, no. 8 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2021-2-8-75-86.
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The article analyzes the motives of overcoming history and fate in the novels by A. L. Ivanchenko “Monogram” and Mo Yan “Tired of Being Born and Dying” in the context of the Buddhist worldview of both authors. The images of the main characters, the chronotope, the themes and problems of the works are examined through the prism of the Buddhist attitudes presented in the books; and life strategies and escape strategies of the Russian and Chinese characters are compared. The reborn Ivanchenko and Mo Yan's characters overcome their karma and their family's karma by conquering affective conditions and coming to the end of the life cycle. They discover the conventional nature of a human's existence through the motif of mirroring (the Russian author) and proximity to the wildlife (the Chinese author). The protagonists in the Russian and Chinese novels are characterized by a complex structure of consciousness, which tends to multiply and reveal its illusory nature. Time in both novels is cyclical and virtually devoid of movement, despite the presence of the characters in the actual political history. The space of both books tends to turn into a myth, revealing images of eternity through the earthly specifics of the place: the heroine of “Monogram” is in the Buddhist “looking glass”, while the hero in “Tired of being born and dying” is in the manor, which is a model of mythological cosmos. The controversial history of China and Russia of the previous century, A. L. Ivanchenko and Mo Yan's political extremes become a starting point for unfolding the internal plot, the plot of the heroes' Buddhist transformation and finding their Buddhist peace.
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Montoro-Gurich, Carolina, and Cristina Garcia-Vivar. "The Family in Europe: Structure, Intergenerational Solidarity, and New Challenges to Family Health." Journal of Family Nursing 25, no. 2 (April 19, 2019): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074840719841404.
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Understanding the family experience of health and illness within the family’s social and cultural context helps health professionals understand a family’s stories. The purpose of this article is to present salient characteristics of the Western European family to extend understanding about family structure and values in relation to caring and intergenerational solidarity. The goal is to provide nurses and other health professionals with culturally competent knowledge that can inform practice with families. Evidence suggests that a family model, characterized by strong-family type societies consisting of coresidence, solidarity, and intergenerational relationships, stalwartly continues in Mediterranean countries. However, due to the recent economic crisis in Spain and other European countries, there is a trend toward the withdrawal of state responsibility toward the family, and an increasing weight on families’ responsibility, particularly for women, toward the care of their old and chronically ill relative. Therefore, there is a need to make health and social systems more effective, sustainable, and focused on family care.
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Meejung Chin. "Family Structure and Children's Time Use." Family and Culture 20, no. 3 (September 2008): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21478/family.20.3.200809.007.
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Fahdita, Khofiyya Fathimah Az Zahra, and Ishartono Ishartono. "TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETUGAS K3L UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN." Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v5i2.18365.
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ABSTRAKJatinangor dikenal sebagai wilayah pendidikan karena pembangunan kampus beberapa institusi perguruan tinggi, yaitu UNPAD di Desa Hegarmanah dan Desa Cikeruh, IPDN (sebelumnya bernama STPDN) di Desa Cibeusi, IKOPIN di Desa Cibeusi, dan ITB di Desa Sayang. Karena adanya perubahan tatanan struktur sosial, maka mata pencaharian masyarakat Kabupaten Sumedang mulai berubah yang awalnya sebagai petani sekarang bekerja sebagai pekerja buruh, bekerja di tempat-tempat institusi pendidikan dan lain-lain. Salah satunya bekerja sebagai petugas K3L Universitas Padjadjaran. Petugas K3L Universitas Padjadjaran ini berasal dari warga masyarakat Kabupaten Sumedang yang ingin mencari atau menambah penghasilan keluarga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari dan biaya pendidikan anak-anaknya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dominan petugas K3L ini berasal dari kaum wanita yang sudah berstatus kawin. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa yang membayar upah petugas K3Ladalah Universitas Padjadjaran bukan kontraktor atau perusahaan jasa. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan petugas K3L Universitas Padjadjaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pendapatan yang diterima oleh petugas K3L Universitas Padjadjaran adalah sebesar Rp. 750.000/bulan. Jika dibandingkan dengan UMKabupaten Sumedang tahun 2017, yaitu sebesar Rp. 2.678.028,99/bulan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan petugas K3L Universitas Padjadjaran termasuk rendah. Adapun untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai data-data yang mendukung terhadap penelitian yang kami lakukan ialah dengan menggunakan metode wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuisioner dan pendekatan kuantitatif. ABSTRACTJatinangor is known as an educational area due to the construction of several university campuses, namely UNPAD in Hegarmanah and Cikeruh villages, IPDN (formerly STPDN) in Cibeusi Village, IKOPIN in Cibeusi Village, and ITB in Sayang Village. Due to the change of the structure of the social structure, the livelihood of the people of Sumedang Regency began to change which initially as farmers now work as laborers, work in places of educational institutions and others. One of them works as an officer of K3L Universitas Padjadjaran. The K3L officer of Padjadjaran University is from Sumedang people who want to find or supplement the family's income to meet their daily needs and education cost of their children. The results of this study indicate that the dominant K3L officer is derived from women who have married status. This study also shows that those who pay K3L officer wage is Padjadjaran University is not contractor or service company. This research intends to know the income level of K3L officer of Padjadjaran University. Based on the results of research income received by officers K3L Padjadjaran University is Rp. 750.000 / month. Compared with the Sumedang MSE in 2017, which is Rp. 2.678.028,99/ month it can be concluded that the income level of K3L officers of Universitas Padjadjaran is low. As for getting information about the data that support the research we do is to use structured interview method by using questionnaire and quantitative approach.
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Gaasterland, Teri. "Strategies for Structural Genomics Target Selection." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.33.
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We have developed a protein sequence analysis pipeline that ranks proteins as targets for high throughput structure determination. The ranking is designed to maximize both the biological and informational impact of new 3D protein structures solved through the structural genomics initiative. The analysis system accepts proteins from multiple genomes as input, builds sequence families based on remote homology, identifies families with one or more solved structures, and ranks the remaining families according to criteria designed to maximize structure determination efficacy, increase the likelihood of a novel fold, and maximize the number of new protein structure models that can be built from a solved structure.
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G., Ravindran. "Dynamics of Family Structure on Emotional Intelligence of Secondary School Children." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201855.
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Chen, Aiying, Chen Wang, Jungan Jiang, Haihui Ruan, and Jian Lu. "Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Austenite Stainless Steel with Gradient Twinned Structure by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061624.
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Gradient structures in engineering materials produce an impressive synergy of strength and plasticity, thereafter, have recently attracted extensive attention in the material families. Gradient structured stainless steels (SS) were prepared by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) with different impacting velocities. The microstructures of the treated samples are characterized by gradient twin fraction and phase constituents. Quantitative relations of gradient microstructure with impacting time and mechanical properties are analyzed according to the observations of SEM, TEM, XRD, and tests of mechanical property. The processed SSs exhibited to be simultaneously stiff, strong, and ductile, which can be attributed to the co-operation of the different spatial distributions of multi-scaled structures. The formation of gradient twinned structure is resolved and the strengthening by gradient structure is explored.
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Burchardt, Natasha. "Structure and relationships in stepfamilies in early twentieth-century Britain." Continuity and Change 4, no. 2 (August 1989): 293–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000003696.
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Contrairement à la croyance populaire, les belles-families étaient aussi fréquentes au passè qu'aujourd'hui. Un échantillon partiel d'un nombre d'interviews á caractère autobiographique de personnes ayant grandi dans de telles familles en Angleterre au début du 20e siècle représente une source unique pour l'étude de l'expérience de leur jeunesse. Plus de la moitié de ces belles-families fonctionnait bien. Parmì le restant, le sourvenir de la belle-mère est plus négatif que celuì du beau-père, tandis que les beaux-fils et belles-filles se sentaient davantage en conflit que les enfants nés du remariage. L'étude historique détaillée pourrait contribuer à mieux comprendre les belles-families contemporaines malgré le fait que de nos jours la désunion est due au divorce plutôt qu'au décès du partenaire.
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Osorio-Guzmán, Maricela, and Silvina Graña. "Descripción de la estructura familiar de una muestra de pacientes con hemofilia. Comparación Argentina-México / Description of a Sample of Hemophilia Patients’ Family Structures: A Comparison Between Argentina and Mexico." Revista Costarricense de Psicología 35, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v35i01.01.
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<p>Las enfermedades crónicas como la hemofilia rebasan los marcos institucionales sanitarios y abarcan tanto la vida cotidiana de la persona como su entorno social. Esta situación se agudiza cuando el afectado es un hijo de edad pediátrica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y comparar la estructura de 50 familias que tienen algún miembro que padece hemofilia. Método. Participaron 50 madres y padres de pacientes pediátricos con hemofilia de diferente tipo y grado clínico (27 familias mexicanas y 23 argentinas), quienes respondieron el cuestionario FACES III en un estudio transversal exploratorio descriptivo y correlacional. Resultados. Se encontró en los índices de cohesión que el 86% de las familias presentan una estructura familiar semirrelacionada; respecto a la adaptación, el 88% presentó una estructura rígida. En la comparación entre países, no hay diferencias significativas en los índices de cohesión; sin embargo, en cuanto a la adaptación, el 100% de las familias mexicanas, presentan una estructura rígida. Discusión. Es necesario un trabajo integral y sostenido desde la perspectiva psicológica que promueva un reequilibro saludable para mejorar la calidad de vida familiar.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Chronic diseases such as hemophilia go beyond the containment of institutional health care systems and involve not only a patient’s personal daily life but also their social networks. This situation deteriorates when the affected patient is a child. This paper aims to describe and compare the family structure of 50 families who have a child with hemophilia. Method: The participants were 50 parents of pediatric hemophilia patients of different types and severity. Twenty-seven Mexican families and 23 Argentine families answered the FACES III questionnaire for a transversal, exploratory, descriptive and co-relational study. Results: Among the Argentine families, the cohesion indices indicated that 86% of the families have a semi-related structure; regarding adaptability, 88% showed a rigid structure. Comparing countries, no significant differences were found in the cohesion indexes. For adaptability, on the other hand, 100% of the Mexican families presented a rigid structure. Discussion: We believe that to recover a healthy balance and improve family life quality, integrated and sustained psychological intervention is required.</p>
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Lundeby, Hege, and Jan Tøssebro. "Family Structure in Norwegian Families of Children with Disabilities." Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 21, no. 3 (May 2008): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2007.00398.x.
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Pensieroso, Luca, and Alessandro Sommacal. "Economic development and family structure: From pater familias to the nuclear family." European Economic Review 71 (October 2014): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.07.001.
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Guiller, Cristiana Araújo, Giselle Dupas, and Myriam Aparecida Mandetta Pettengill. "Suffering eases over time: the experience of families in the care of children with congenital anomalies." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 4 (August 2009): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000400010.
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This study aimed to understand the experience of caring for a child with a congenital anomaly from the family's perspective. Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory were the theoretical and methodological references, respectively. Data collection was carried out with eight families with children having congenital anomalies through semi-structured interviews and participating observation. Data analysis reached axial coding. Results revealed two phenomena in the experience of families in delivering care to children with congenital anomalies - Facing an initially difficult experience and suffering eases over time. We concluded that the understanding of this experience supports the need to reconsider the nursing care provided to families in the care of children with congenital anomalies.
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de Mesquita, Shirley Pereira, and Wallace Patrick Santos de Farias Souza. "Child labor and family structure: the role of divorce." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 1453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2017-0287.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of family structure on child labor by comparing children of nuclear families headed by the father with children of single-mother families headed by the divorced mother. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data from Brazilian urban areas provided by the Brazilian Demographic Census of 2010. The empirical approach consists of the estimation of three treatment effect models: the Average Treatment Effect, IV Treatment Effect and Two-Stage Estimator proposed by Lewbel (2012). Findings The main findings show that children of single-mother families headed by divorced mothers are more likely to work, compared to children living with both parents. This paper found evidence of a direct effect of family structure parents’ determinant on child participation in labor. The main hypothesis is that the absence of the father paired with exposure to family stress arising from marital dissolution is an indicator toward child labor. Practical implications This study implies that in order to combat child labor effectively, it is important to understand deeply its several causes and consider ruptures in family structure, such as divorce, as one of these factors. In addition, location and family’s characteristics also play a role on the decision of child labor. For instance, boys living at metropolis areas have less chance to work. Family’s head education and non-work income affects positively the child well-being by reducing the probability of child labor. On the other hand, the number of siblings increases the chance of child labor. Finally, the results of this study suggest policies to raise awareness among parents about the negative effects of child labor on children during both childhood and adulthood, and that social policies need to act beyond legislation and enforcement, but including family mobilization. Originality/value This paper estimates the impact of family structure on child labor using an empirical approach to deal with the endogeneity problem of the treatment.
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Kim Young Lan. "Changes in Social Risk Structure and Family Risk in Korea." Family and Culture 26, no. 2 (June 2014): 151–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21478/family.26.2.201406.005.
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Pérez, Maribel, and Roger Santiesteban. "Structural Changes in the Current Family. Reflexive Compendium." Contemporary Problems of Social Work 4, no. 4 (2018): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2018-4-4-84-86.
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DeJong, W., HG Franz, SM Wolfe, H. Nathan, D. Payne, W. Reitsma, and C. Beasley. "Requesting organ donation: an interview study of donor and nondonor families." American Journal of Critical Care 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1998.7.1.13.
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BACKGROUND: Approximately half of the families asked to consider donation of a relative's organs decline to give consent. Understanding the difference between stated public support of organ donation and actual behavior is key to decreasing the shortage of donor organs. OBJECTIVES: To gain insight into the experiences of potential donor families and to define features of the donation-request process and other factors that are associated with consent for organ donation. METHODS: A structured telephone interview was conducted with the immediate next of kin of 164 medically suitable potential organ donors. Interviews 30 to 60 minutes long were held with members of both donor and nondonor families 4 to 6 months after the death of the study participant's relative. RESULTS: Several factors were associated with consent for organ donation: characteristics of the patient and the patient's family, beliefs and attitudes about organ donation and transplantation, whether the family knew the deceased's wishes about donation, the family's satisfaction with the hospital care that their relative received, specific aspects of the donation-request process, and the family's understanding of brain death. CONCLUSIONS: Organ donation rates could be increased by enhancing the quality of hospital care and ensuring that the request for donation is handled in a way that meets the families' informational and emotional needs.
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Jaffe, Dennis T., and Sam H. Lane. "Sustaining a Family Dynasty: Key Issues Facing Complex Multigenerational Business- and Investment-Owning Families." Family Business Review 17, no. 1 (March 2004): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00006.x.
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As a business family moves from the second to the third, fourth, and succeeding generations, and seeks to maintain shared family control of its often highly diversified financial and business assets, families around the world have created a complex web of structures, agreements, councils, and forms of accountability to manage their wealth. In working with such multigenerational dynasties around the world, we have begun to see that successful transmission of wealth, and sustaining of family connection, depends on a highly creative web of such structures. This article will focus on the structures and agreements that we have seen in such families. A family that owns a business, or substantial investments, is at the intersection of several complex systems and serves a multitude of masters, purposes, and constituencies. Facing continual change from the business environment, and from internal pressures as people develop, in order to thrive, the family must develop a clear infrastructure to manage the interrelationships of people, business, and investment. It must regulate and integrate the interests and concerns of the many people in many ways. As a family enters the third generation, it has become a complex structure with several family branches, diverse interests and stakeholders, and challenges to sustain collaboration and effectiveness. This article presents the key challenges that a family must face to create an effective dynasty over generations and illustrates models and best practices for how effective family dynasties develop a governance infrastructure as they grow into multigenerational family dynasties. It highlights the core structures that make up effective governance and the key agreements that allow a dynasty to work.
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Lloyd, Cynthia B. "Fertility, Family Size, and Structure: Consequences for Families and Children." Population and Development Review 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137651.
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Scanzoni, John. "ALTERNATIVE IMAGES FOR PUBLIC POLICY: FAMILY STRUCTURE VERSUS FAMILIES STRUGGLING." Review of Policy Research 8, no. 3 (March 1989): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1989.tb00982.x.
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