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1
Ahsan, Nilofer. How are we doing?: A program self-assessment toolkit for the family support field. Chicago: Family Resource Coalition of America, 1998.
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2
Lee, Carter Wm. Why did you do that?: Understand why your family members act as they do. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House, 1996.
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3
Hawaii. Commission on Persons with Disabilities. Report to the Sixteenth Legislature, State of Hawaii, 1991, on Act 324, section 8, requesting a needs assessment of at-home family caregiving. [Honolulu, Hawaii]: The Commission, 1991.
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4
South Carolina. General Assembly. Legislative Audit Council. Report to the General Assembly: A review of the implementation of the South Carolina Family Independence Act. Columbia, SC: The Council, 1996.
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5
Enhancing communication skills of deaf & hard of hearing children in the mainstream. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006.
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6
Roger, Herdman, and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Division of Health Care Services., eds. Non-heart-beating organ transplantation: Medical and ethical issues in procurement. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1997.
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7
Emanuel, Linda L., Richard A. Powell, George Handzo, Kelly Nichole Michelson, and Lara Dhingra. Validated assessment tools for psychological, spiritual, and family issues. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0074.
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Palliative care has a foundational commitment to integrate attention to psychological, spiritual, and family issues with biomedical matters. This requires being able to measure them. A limited number of assessment tools have been subjected to validity studies. Many measures are for service assessment, including assessments made as part of quality improvement; but a range of rigorously developed measures, including patient-reported outcome measures, is available. Those that are multidimensional and feasible in the real world of patient care are fewer. Domain-specific screening and measurement tools that focus on depression, anxiety, and a more generalized state of psychological distress as well as spirituality are described. Additional tools for measuring delirium and adjustment disorders or grief and bereavement are referenced. While rigorous, comprehensive family assessments and measures are not available, multiple measures that focus on particular aspects of family need and function are described.
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1947-, Holt Daniel D., and National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education., eds. Assessing success in family literacy projects: Alternative approaches to assessment & evaluation. McHenry, IL: Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Systems, 1994.
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9
Foran, Heather M., Richard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep, Steven R. H. Beach, Nadine J. Kaslow, Anthony R. Cordaro, Marianne Z. Wamboldt, and David Reiss. Moving Toward Universal Definitions and Assessment of Relational Problems. Edited by Erika Lawrence and Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.10.
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In this chapter, we review the utility of universal definitions and the assessment of family problems and family violence from a public health perspective. First, we document the clinical implications and public health costs of intimate partner violence, child abuse, intimate partner relationship distress, and parent–child relational problems. Second, the current status of these problems in major diagnostic systems and recommendations for improvements in universal assessment are detailed. Third, brief measures that can be used to assess family problems and family violence across a wide range of clinical and surveillance settings are discussed. Finally, implications for treatment are provided.
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Patterson, Janet P. Aphasia Assessment. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.3.
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Theoretically grounded aphasia assessment that matches clinical practice settings is critical to planning intervention and assisting individuals with aphasia and their family members. This chapter begins with an overview of aphasia assessment in three historical periods: clinical description prior to 1935, standardized testing into the 1960s, and the postmodern era of multifaceted assessment. Topics in this section include aphasia classification; screening; assessing specific linguistic ability, functional communication, and quality of life; and assessment within cognitive neuropsychological and information-processing models. The second section describes contemporary assessment practices including the purpose and models of assessment, personal and environmental factors influencing assessment decisions, assessing conversation and connected speech, and related assessment areas such as cognition, executive function, and emotional state. Finally, emerging trends in assessment are discussed including evidence-based practice, treatment candidacy and prognosis, psychosocial models of assessment, and telehealth. Successful aphasia assessment should be a principled, systematic, and dynamic component of managing and living with aphasia.
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Gerlovina, Zhanna. Trait Vulnerability Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0004.
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This chapter is devoted to the detailed assessment of the trait vulnerability component of imminent suicide risk. Demographic, clinical historic, biological, and cultural aspects of trait vulnerability are discussed in dedicated sections. The demographics section includes age, gender, ethnicity, and LGBT issues. The clinical history section addresses history of mental illness, history of suicide attempts, childhood trauma, parenting style, and attachment style. The biological traits section describes impulsivity, hopelessness and pessimism, perfectionism, fearlessness, and pain insensitivity. The cultural section includes cultural attitudes, immigration, moral philosophy and religious objections or lack thereof, regional affiliation within the United States, suicide in the family, suicide exposure, and suicide clusters. The chapter concludes with case examples and a test case.
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Carter, William Lee. Why Did You Do That: Understand Why Your Family Members Act As They Do. Tyndale House Pub, 1996.
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13
Hannon, Breffni. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0009.
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The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) consists of eight common symptoms presented as visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 100mm. Patients score the ESAS independently where possible; the scores are summed to form an overall distress score and graphed to create a longitudinal visual representation of symptom burden. This study describes the use of the ESAS for patients with advanced cancer (n = 101) admitted to a palliative care unit in Edmonton, Canada. The ESAS was completed twice daily. In 84% of cases, patients completed the ESAS independently initially; 83% ultimately required nurse or family member completion as the patient’s clinical status deteriorated. Distress scores improved over time following admission (mean at Day 1 410+/–95, falling to 362+/–83 by Day 5). There were significant differences between patient, nurse, and family member distress scores. This paper demonstrates for the first time the routine clinical utility of the ESAS.
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Marchante-Hoffman, Ashley N., and Annette M. La Greca. Children and Adolescents With Medical Conditions. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.38.
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Physical health concerns are common among youth and are linked to mental health. Attention to the interplay between physical and mental health is critical for healthcare providers. This chapter highlights crosscutting issues, assessments, and interventions relevant to child health populations. To understand the interaction between medical and psychological health in youth, chronic pediatric conditions (Type 1 diabetes and sickle cell disease) are described as prototypes for understanding psychosocial issues (e.g., adherence, pain management) that affect youth with medical conditions. Evidence suggests that these children with medical conditions, especially those poorly managed or controlled, are at greater risk for psychosocial issues (e.g., stress, comorbid psychological concerns, family conflict) compared to the general population. Careful risk assessment and individual or family interventions are critical for these youth and are a focus here. Well-established interventions for diverse youth with medical conditions are discussed, and recommendations for future work in this area are provided.
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Kapoor, Reena. Crisis assessment and management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0025.
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Crisis calls are a common occurrence in correctional settings. Psychiatrists are often called upon to triage and manage such events. Requests for urgent psychiatric evaluations can come from many sources, including security staff, non-psychiatric physicians, mental health staff, courts, attorneys, and family members. Psychiatrists responding to these requests for evaluation may feel tremendous pressure to reach a conclusion that is consistent with the opinions of the requesting party. However, maintaining an independent and therapeutic stance when conducting crisis evaluations is crucial. Some aspects of psychiatric evaluations in crisis situations are unique to the correctional environment: evaluations at cell-side, video recording, and leadership by security staff rather than medical professionals. Nonetheless, correctional psychiatrists should be guided by the same principles of medical ethics that apply to patient care in the community, placing the patient’s well-being above all other concerns. They should strive, when possible, to conduct a thorough assessment in a confidential setting. In considering how best to resolve the crisis and care for the patient, they should err on the side of caution and recommend placement in a safe and therapeutic setting, at least until a multidisciplinary team can consider other options. Finally, they should document the encounter carefully, articulating the rationale for the chosen course of action. This chapter reviews the pragmatics of evaluating and managing many common correctional events that lead to mental health crisis calls and discusses the range of concerns, the typical practices and procedures used in correctional settings, and the types of interventions that are best used.
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Silverman, Henry J. Informed consent in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0025.
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The doctrine of informed consent is an important concept in medical care, but presents challenges in the critical care setting, where patients may have diminished capacity to provide their own informed consent. The elements of informed consent include adequate disclosure of information, cognitive capacity of individuals to make decisions, and the voluntary nature of such decisions. Currently, there are no universally accepted procedures regarding capacity assessment, especially in critically-ill patients. Such assessments remain subjective, but this chapter provides some guidelines on the subjective assessment of such capacity. When it is determined that patient lacks decision making capacity to provide consent, several mechanisms exist by which their autonomy can still be respected, including following any existing advance directives or family members or friends’ moral authority to make decisions for patients, based on either the substituted standard or the best-interests standard. Informed consent issues in the emergency clinical situations and in the context of research are also discussed.
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Purdon, Christine. Assessing Comorbidity, Insight, Family and Functioning in OCD. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0058.
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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex and debilitating disorder that has a high degree of comorbidity and functional impairment, and significant impact on the family. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of comorbidity, family, insight, and quality of life issues, and to review assessment and treatment implications of those issues. Measures for assessing relevant constructs are described.
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Strada, E. Alessandra. The Fourth Domain of Palliative Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199798551.003.0005.
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This chapter proposes palliative psychology competencies in the fourth domain of palliative care, which addresses the social needs of the patient and the family. The unit of care in palliative care is represented by the patient and the family; thus, this chapter highlights the unique needs of family caregivers. The many challenges of caregiving are described by reviewing the literature and using clinical case scenarios. The risk factors and protective factors in caregiving are discussed and incorporated in assessment templates. Psychological and psychosocial interventions that can effectively support family caregivers are discussed. The function, structure, and execution of a family meeting in the palliative care setting is described. This chapter also describes bereavement support for family caregivers and the management of complications of bereavement.
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health., ed. Report to Congress on workers' home contamination study conducted under the Worker's Family Protection Act (29 U.S.C. 671a). Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1995.
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20
Altilio, Terry, and Nina Laing. Social work in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0044.
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The early link of palliative social work clinicians in the United Kingdom and the United States provided a foundation for the evolving specialty of social work in palliative care which continues to be enriched by social work practitioners across the world. Social workers practise in diverse settings and have the opportunity to move palliative care values and processes beyond hospitals and hospices to nursing homes, prisons, and senior centres. This chapter discuss how palliative care social work skills are a rich opportunity to serve patients, families, teams, and institutions. It begins with a section introducing social work in palliative care and moves on to discuss the convergence and synergy of social work with palliative care. Issues such as assessment and intervention (including confidentiality, assessment, culture, and family meetings) are then introduced and roles and responsibilities in social work teams are discussed. Finally a patient family narrative is presented.
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Rosenberg, Paul B. What are the First Signs and Symptoms of Dementia? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199959549.003.0003.
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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome where persons have mild cognitive complaints and deficits on exam but are still functioning well in their daily lives. Persons with MCI are at markedly increased risk of developing dementia in the near-term and thus are an important target for preventive interventions. In the office it is crucial to take a careful history and to have an informant (usually a family member). Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease is typified by problems in short-term recall likely due to hippocampal dysfunction, and depression and anxiety are relatively common. Brief cognitive tests such as the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are useful. A thorough physical/neurological exam and laboratory screening are important for ruling out other neurologic illnesses such as Parkinsons’ or stroke and for screening for treatable causes of cognitive impairment such as hypothyroidism or vitamin B12 deficiency. Biomarkers are gradually becoming more useful for diagnosis including MRI and amyloid PET scan.
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Kissane, David W. Psychosocial care of families in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806677.003.0007.
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The families of patients in the palliative care setting have a range of educational and care needs that form part of the basic responsibility of the hospice service. Routine family meetings are an important way to address these needs. Additionally, up to one third of families have some level of dysfunction in their relationships, which prove predictive of morbid bereavement outcomes—prolonged grief and major depressive disorders. These families who carry risk of poorer outcomes need additional care, optimally commenced during palliative care, and continued into bereavement to provide continuity of service. Assessment of family strengths and relational functioning provide insight into clinical targets to support a family. The needs of children, the elderly, disabled, or mentally ill family members need to be addressed alongside those of patients with complex illnesses. A preventive model of family-centred care may involve six to ten family therapy sessions across nine to 18 months.
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Strada, E. Alessandra. The Fifth Domain of Palliative Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199798551.003.0006.
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This chapter presents palliative psychology competencies in the fifth domain of palliative care, which addresses the existential and spiritual needs of the patient and the family. The constructs of spiritual screening, spiritual history, and spiritual assessment are discussed with attention to their application to the palliative care setting. Through clinical case vignettes and discussions, the chapter discusses how psychologists can effectively use spiritual screening and spiritual history to fully understand spiritual and existential needs. Ways of integrating spiritual concerns and needs during the therapy session are highlighted in this chapter. The interplay of psychological and spiritual concerns offers the opportunity for palliative psychologists and spiritual care providers to collaborate in the psychospiritual care of the patient and the family. Because interdisciplinary collaboration is a hallmark of palliative care, the chapter also describes examples of effective collaboration between psychologists and spiritual care providers, from assessment to treatment planning.
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Lucyshyn, Joseph, Brenda Fossett, Christy Cheremshynski, Lynn Miller, Sharon Lohrmann, Lauren Binnendyk, Sophia Khan, Stephen Chinn, Samantha Kwon, and Larry Irvin. Transforming Coercive into Constructive Processes with Families of Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Problem Behavior. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.25.
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This chapter describes an ecological approach to behavioral intervention with families of children with developmental disabilities and severe problem behavior that is designed to promote survivable interventions in family contexts. The approach, ecological family centered positive behavior support, is based on an ecological unit of analysis, coercive processes in family routines. The unit of analysis represents a synthesis of behavioral theory, coercion theory, and ecocultural theory. The approach aims to transform coercive into constructive processes in family routines. The chapter discusses the challenges faced by families raising a child with a developmental disability. It describes the components of the ecological unit of analysis and their contributions to tertiary level behavioral intervention with families. Results of a longitudinal intervention study that investigated the efficacy of the approach are presented. Implications are offered for assessment and intervention with families of children with developmental disabilities who may need tertiary level behavioral intervention services.
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Gaffney-Rhys, Ruth. Concentrate Questions and Answers Family Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198817482.001.0001.
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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam and assignment questions. Each book includes key debates, typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, author commentary, and tips to gain extra marks. Concentrate Q&A Family Law offers expert advice on what to expect from your family law exam, how best to prepare, and guidance on what examiners are really looking for. Written by an experienced examiner, it provides: clear commentary with each question and answer; diagram answer plans; tips to make your answer really stand out from the crowd; and further reading suggestions at the end of every chapter. The book should help you to: identify typical family law exam questions; structure a good answer; avoid common mistakes; show the examiner what you know; make your answer stand out; and find relevant further reading. After an introduction on exam skills for success in family law, chapters cover: marriage, civil partnerships, and cohabitation; void, voidable. and non-existent marriages; divorce and judicial separation; domestic violence; family property; financial relief and child support; parenthood and parental responsibility; children's rights and private law; international relocation and abduction; public law and adoption; mixed topic questions and skills for success in coursework assessments.
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Cherny, Nathan I. The problem of suffering and the principles of assessment in palliative medicine. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0005.
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Despite the advances of modern medicine, many illnesses continue to evade cure. Chronic, progressive, incurable illness is a major cause of disability, distress, suffering, and, ultimately, death. This is true for many causes of cancer, progressive neurological disorders, AIDS, and other disorders of vital organs. Progressive chronic diseases of this ilk are most common in late adulthood and old age, but they occur in all ages. When cure is not possible, as often it is not, the relief of suffering is the cardinal goal of medicine. The clinical imperative to relive suffering requires a nuanced understanding of the factors that contribute to suffering and the interaction between the distress of the patient, family members, and health-care providers. This chapter reviews those concepts and offers an approach to the evaluation of suffering for patients requiring palliative care.
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Rothberg, Brian, and Robert E. Feinstein. Suicide. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0012.
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All psychiatric assessments should include screening for recent suicidal ideation and past suicide behavior. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) provides a reliable objective assessment of suicide risk. A history of past suicide attempts is a risk factor for future suicide, and risk is increased by more serious, more frequent, or more recent attempts. Over 90% of individuals who die by suicide have at least one psychiatric disorder. Patients with schizophrenia, alcohol and other substance use disorders, and borderline and antisocial personality disorders are at increased risk for suicide. Familial transmission of suicide risk appears to occur independent of the familial risk for psychiatric disorders; impulsivity seems to be an inherited trait that makes individuals more vulnerable to suicide. Hospitalization should be considered if suicidal ideation is present in a patient who is psychotic or who has a history of past attempts, particularly if near lethal, and may be the safest option in patients with other contributing medical conditions, limited family or social support, or lack of access to timely outpatient follow-up.
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Rose, Raquel, and Nicolette Molina. Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0010.
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Despite the fact that suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for suicidal behavior. However, interventions that provide potentially effective treatment are available. This chapter explores medications and biological interventions as well as psychosocial, alternative, and app/Internet-based interventions. The section on medications and biological interventions covers clozapine, lithium, and ketamine. The psychosocial intervention section covers dialectical behavior therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy for suicidal patients (CBT-SP), Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS), attachment-based family therapy, and safety planning. The section on alternative and Internet-based interventions covers mindfulness meditation as well as online applications that can act as supplements to traditional treatments. The chapter concludes with a reminder of the importance of suicide risk assessment and clinician self-care in suicide prevention.
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Kolko, David J., and Eric M. Vernberg. Assessment and Intervention with Children and Adolescents Who Misuse Fire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190261191.001.0001.
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Children and adolescents in the general population and in clinical populations reveal surprisingly high rates of playing with fire or actual firesetting behavior. A single fire has the potential to cause a cascade of serious consequences to the child, family, and the community, some of which may continue forever. Yet, there is limited practical information and advice based on available empirical evidence to help programs or practitioners work effectively with children or adolescents who misuse fire, and their families. This book provides practical guidelines designed to facilitate the clinical assessment and treatment of youthful firesetting behavior based on nearly four decades of research and intervention experience with this population. The topics covered in this book address several important content areas. Initial chapters provide an overview of the significance of the problem, and some lessons learned based on case control, clinical trial, and real-world implementation projects. Recommendations for using screening and assessment measures that evaluate firesetting and general psychosocial issues are included. Several intervention methods are outlined for use with children, caregivers, and families. These methods encompass fire safety education materials and several cognitive-behavioral treatment skills-training procedures that focus on understanding of the fire, affect regulation and self-control, parenting practices, and home-based management programs. The book also includes suggestions to promote professional and program development which reflect on various educational, ethical, legal, collaborative, and community safety considerations. The book’s content is intended to help a diverse array of practitioners understand and target the context in which the misuse of fire occurs.
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Wager, Julia, and Boris Zernikow. Pain in children. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785750.003.0041.
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Pain management in children is a specialized service. Pain aetiology, assessment, and treatment vary at every age from pre-term foetuses at 23 weeks gestation to adolescence. In this chapter of European Pain Management advances in our understanding of pain assessment are reviewed, particularly in the use of developmentally relevant technology. Advances in acute pain, cancer pain, and in chronic pain are also reviewed, with a special focus on innovations in multidisciplinary treatments for chronic pain. There is a need to raise awareness and understanding of the needs of paediatric pain patients, and their family members. Education for all professionals who interact with pain patients is essential, as is the need to invest in specialized pain management services, and professionals, across Europe.
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Burhenn, Peggy S. Delirium. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0007.
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This chapter provides an overview of delirium, differentiating among hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed subtypes. Delirium is a common, serious medical problem that is underrecognized by healthcare providers. Evidence suggests that frequent assessment of patients can result in increased recognition of delirium, which will allow for earlier intervention. Limited data are available on effective interventions for delirium once it begins; however, proactive prevention strategies have been successful. Various screening tools are recommended to identify patients with delirium. The multiple predisposing and precipitating factors that can complicate determining the cause are explored. There is a review of the assessment and interventions for delirium management and prevention protocols that target its risk factors, as well as a brief discussion of the principles of pharmacological management and previously cited recommendations. Education of staff, patients, and family members is vital.
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Burgio, Louis D., and Matthew J. Wynn. The REACH OUT Caregiver Support Program. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190855949.001.0001.
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Our nation increasingly relies on family members or friends (i.e., informal caregivers) for needed care and support as we age. Family caregivers typically assume their caregiving role willingly and reap personal fulfilment from helping a family member, developing new skills, and strengthening family relationships. For these benefits, however, caregivers often sacrifice their own health and well-being. Depression, anxiety, poor physical health, and compromised immune function are more common among family caregivers than in adults not providing such care. The REACH OUT (Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health: Offering Useful Treatments) program is a multicomponent, tailored, and flexible intervention for caregivers of people with dementia focused on the evidence-based therapeutic strategy of problem solving. This work is designed to guide clinicians through the process and provide them the necessary tools to share with caregivers with the goal of enhancing caregiver physical and mental health. Five common risk areas (home safety, caregiver health, social support, challenging behaviors, and emotional well-being) are described in the manual; and interventions are described that respect the nuances of each risk area. By beginning with an individualized risk assessment and being flexible to the needs and issues of the caregiver, the REACH OUT intervention helps clinicians identify risk areas and provide caregivers with tailored action plans to reduce risk and promote well-being.
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Galletta, Elizabeth E., and A. M. Barrett. Global Aphasia. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.17.
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Global aphasia is a language disorder that involves the breakdown of all aspects of oral and written language, typically associated with an extensive left hemisphere lesion that involves cortical and subcortical areas as well as white matter tracts. The characteristics of global aphasia include severe auditory comprehension and oral expression deficits with some spared conceptual knowledge and spared comprehension of emotional prosody. The implications for clinical assessment and treatment are described, and recommendations for clinicians and family members are provided.
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Oliver, David. End of life: Wishes, values and symptoms, and their impact on quality of life and well-being. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0013.
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The holistic assessment of the patient with ALS and their family will help to maximize the care as the disease progresses and the end of life approaches. This includes consideration of advance care planning, so that the person’s wishes are known if they lose capacity or communication late in the disease course. Discussion of ventilatory support, either by non-invasive ventilation or tracheostomy ventilation, is particularly important so that decisions are not made in a crisis situation. Although ventilatory support may improve quality of life (QoL) and length of survival, there may be increased dependency and continued disease progression. The recognition of the later stages of disease progression can allow further discussion and anticipation and preparation for end of life care—for patient, family, and professions—so that QoL is maximized until death.
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Woodberry, Kristen A., Emily Kline, and Anthony J. Giuliano. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.17.
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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are among the most serious and complicated psychiatric disorders, particularly in children and adolescents. They have a major impact on all aspects of functioning, including family and social relationships, school, work, and self-care. While schizophrenia tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood, nonspecific abnormalities, prodromal symptoms, and a significant proportion of its incidence unfold before age 18. It behooves child and adolescent clinicians to be knowledgeable about and alert to the range of SSD clinical presentations. The chapter reviews the current state of the literature regarding the phenomenology, epidemiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of SSD within a developmental and systems framework. Although both evidence-based and promising practices are presented, these are all too often drawn from the adult literature, underscoring the pressing need for progress in developmentally sensitive assessment and treatment research with this population. Practice implications and future directions are briefly discussed.
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DelCarmen-Wiggins, Rebecca, and Alice S. Carter, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837182.001.0001.
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The fully revised and updated Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment remains the first clinically-informative, research-based reference for those seeking to understand and assess mental health in infants and young children. It describes the latest empirical research on measures and methods of infant and young child assessment and provides clinically applicable information for those seeking to stay apprised of the latest empirical research on measures and procedures in early assessment. Through authoritative examination by leading developmental and clinical scholars, this handbook takes a closer look at current developmentally based conceptualizations of mental health function and dysfunction in infants and young children as well as current and new diagnostic criteria in such as specific disorders as sensory modulation dysfunction, autism spectrum disorders, affective disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Translation and application to a variety of settings is also discussed. The chapters are presented in four sections corresponding to four broad themes: (1) contextual factors in early assessment; (2) temperament and regulation in assessment of young children; (3) early problems and disorders; and (4) translation and varied applied settings for assessment. Each chapter presents state of the science information on valid, developmentally based clinical assessment and makes recommendations based on developmental theory, empirical findings, and clinical experience. Chapters have been revised and updated, and new chapters have been added to cover family assessment, early care and educational environments, new approaches to distinguish temperament from psychopathology, assess language, and implement second stage screening and referral. The volume recognizes and highlights the important role of developmental, social, and cultural contexts in approaching the challenge of assessing early problems and disorders. This new, updated volume will be an ideal resource for teachers, researchers, and wide variety of clinicians and trainees including child psychologists and psychologists, early interventionists, and early special educators.
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Hain, Richard D. W., and Satbir Singh Jassal. Mouth care, feeding, and hydration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745457.003.0010.
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Feeding one’s child is a basic parental instinct, so a situation where this is causing problems is very distressing not only for the child, but also for the family. This chapter examines the management of feeding problems, including nutritional assessment and factors that may help with feeding. Types of enteral feeding are also covered, including nasogastric tube and gastrostomy, with details given on factors that would influence the need for enteral feeding. This chapter includes a section on hydration and mouth care, an often overlooked area of symptom management.
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Gatto, Maria, Patricia Thomas, and Ann Berger. Anxiety. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0006.
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Anxiety is an inherent aspect of human existence. Anxiety and chronic diseases are interchangeable in their causal relationship: chronic diseases can exacerbate symptoms of anxiety, and anxiety disorders can lead to chronic diseases. Anxiety is a specific symptom emphasized in the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care Clinical Practice Guidelines. Assessment is interdisciplinary and must address both the psychological and psychiatric aspects of care. To assure appropriate management, an understanding of etiologies for anxiety across populations and disease states is essential. Treatment relies on evidence-based pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies to maximize patient and family coping and quality of life.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine B. Douaihy. Managing Substance Use Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This practitioner guide reviews screening, assessment, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). It is designed to accompany Managing Your Substance Use Disorder: Client Workbook and A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders. The latter guide was added because each person with a SUD affects the family and concerned significant others. The information and strategies that the authors present can be used with clients who have any type of SUD. The guide focuses on strategies to reduce or stop substance use and change behaviors that challenge recovery. The information presented is derived from research, clinical, and recovery literature and from the authors’ extensive experience developing and managing a large continuum of clinical services, providing direct care, conducting quality improvement initiatives, participating in clinical trials, and teaching all disciplines in a large medical center and the community. This guide discusses professional approaches and attitudes toward individuals with SUDs, assessment, diagnostic formulation, psychosocial and pharmacotherapeutic treatments, and mutual support programs. It provides an overview of the recovery and relapse processes and practical strategies to address issues associated with SUDs. This guide is for practitioners from any discipline who encounter individuals with SUDs in addiction, mental health, psychiatric, private practice, or other settings such as social services and the criminal justice system. Even medical practitioners who do not specialize in addiction treatment can benefit from the information in this guide because individuals with SUDs are found in all types of healthcare settings.
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Judge, Abigail M., and Robin M. Deutsch, eds. Overcoming Parent-Child Contact Problems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190235208.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book focuses on family-based interventions for the continuum of parent–child problems, including affinity, alignment, justified rejection, alienation, and hybrid cases. Reintegration therapy is often recommended for families with these dynamics, but relatively limited clinical writing and virtually no program evaluation data exist to inform the selection of interventions. This book helps fill this gap. In Part I, the authors review a range of topics related to this specialized area of practice: assessment and clinical decision-making, the state of research evidence for outpatient treatment, and special clinical topics such as the management of countertransference among professional teams and the use of experiential therapies to overcome treatment resistance. Part II highlights one whole-family, psychoeducational approach to parent–child contact problems known as the Overcoming Barriers approach. Founders of this program and affiliated clinicians explicate components of this model in chapters on its therapeutic milieu; psychoeducational groups for rejected parents, favored parents, and children; and coparenting and parent–child interventions. The translation of model components to outpatient practice is also discussed, and program evaluation data are presented. Authors emphasize the evolving nature of this one approach, including areas of overlap with other family interventions, and highlight lessons learned from this innovative program.
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Amirian, E. Susan, Quinn T. Ostrom, Yanhong Liu, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, and Melissa L. Bondy. Nervous System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0056.
Full textAbstract:
Although brain and other nervous system tumors are relatively rare, constituting up to 4% of incident primary cancer diagnoses, they are often associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several etiologic factors have been examined in relation to nervous system tumors, with the majority of studies focusing on central nervous system tumors. Despite decades of research, the only established risk factors for brain tumors are family history and moderate to high levels of ionizing radiation exposure. Differences in study designs, case ascertainment, control selection, and accuracy of exposure assessment are challenges associated with studying risk factors for nervous system tumors, and may partly explain why the majority of risk for these tumors remains unexplained. There is now substantial evidence that gliomas are inversely associated with allergies and atopy and positively associated with taller height.
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Samol, Nancy B., and Eric P. Wittkugel. Upper Respiratory Infection. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0003.
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Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are common in children, with most children experiencing six to eight episodes per year. Some evidence suggests that the airway reactivity associated with these infections persists for several weeks after resolution of symptoms and increases the risk of perioperative adverse events. Other data indicate that these complications are easily managed and seldom associated with any adverse sequelae. Unfortunately, cancellation of patients harboring URIs is not without economic and emotional implications for the patient, the family, and the operating suite as a whole. Understanding the risk factors associated with administering anesthesia to the child with a URI is important in identifying elements of the preoperative assessment that merit attention and in optimizing the anesthetic plan as a means to limit perioperative complications.
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Maier, Christl M. Feminist Interpretation of the Prophets. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.26.
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The chapter explores four issues pertinent to feminist interpretation of the prophets: the gender-biased focus on male prophets, the pornoprophetics debate, the female embodiment of the Divine in prophetic speech, and a re-evaluation of religious activities of women that were misnamed as sacred prostitution and family cult. In its assessment of the debate on the marriage metaphor in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Hosea, it argues for a double reading that carves out the metaphor’s original socio-historical context and its possibly detrimental impact on modern readers. The feminist interpretations presented are deconstructive with regard to gender hierarchy in the texts and their androcentric reading, as well as constructive with regard to female prophetic and cultic activity.
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Jacoby, Robin. Testamentary capacity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0061.
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In most Anglophone jurisdictions the mental capacity to make a Will is governed by the Banks v Goodfellow judgment of 1870. This requires a testator to know what a Will is, the extent of his estate, and who might expect to benefit from his bounty. No mental disorder may affect the disposition of his estate. Older people, especially those with dementia and delirium, are liable to change their Wills under the influence or abuse of others, which leads to acrimonious family disputes. Old age psychiatrists are increasingly called upon to assess the capacity of people about to make Wills, as well as retrospective assessments of the capacity of deceased persons whose Wills are challenged in the courts.
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Innes, J. Alastair. Respiratory complications and management of severe CF lung disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702948.003.0006.
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This chapter covers the most common medical complications of severe CF lung disease, excluding the treatment of infection exacerbation. The section on haemoptysis covers severity assessment, medical and interventional radiological approaches to managing this problem. The particular risks of pneumothorax in CF are then discussed, including the factors guiding referral to surgery. The management of acute and chronic respiratory failure in CF is covered. This includes the indications for home oxygen and for non-invasive ventilation, and guidance on how these should be used in CF. Finally, there is a section on terminal care in cystic fibrosis, covering the management of the transition to palliative management at the end of life, and appropriate strategies to support patient and family in advanced disease.
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Richards, C. Steven, and Michael W. O'Hara, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.001.0001.
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Depression is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, chronic health problems, and distressed close relationships. This comorbidity between depression and other disorders and problems is important. Furthermore, there has been a large increase in research on depressive comorbidity. Therefore, a book of 37 state-of-the-art reviews by experts will be helpful to teachers, researchers, practitioners, developers of relevant policies, and students in these areas. The comorbidity of depression with other psychiatric disorders is addressed in chapters focusing on panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol-use disorders, eating disorders, conduct disorder, personality disorders, sexual dysfunctions, schizophrenia, suicide, and bipolar disorder. The comorbidity of depression and chronic health problems is addressed in chapters focusing on cardiovascular disease, cancer, pain, obesity, sleep disorders, multiple sclerosis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, kidney disease, dementia, and women's health. The comorbidity of depression and distressed close relationships is addressed in chapters on intimate relationships, family relationships, and perinatal depression. There are also chapters on diagnostic issues, theory and constructs, models of comorbidity between depression and anxiety, assessment strategies, multidisciplinary treatments, community interventions, treatment in ethnic minority groups, psychosocial interventions for depressed cancer patients, and cognitive therapy for comorbid depression. Finally, in an effort to integrate the material, there are introduction, big picture, and epilogue chapters. The 37 chapters in this book reflect a scholarly and evidence-based perspective on depressive comorbidity. Moreover, the chapters address a wide array of relevant issues, including etiology, assessment, diagnosis, course, theory, research, practice, treatment, and clinical guidelines. In summary, this edited book includes 37 chapters on depression and comorbidity, and thereby provides a comprehensive, scholarly, and empirically-based compendium of reviews on this topic.
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Martins, Marielza R. Ismael. Transtornos de Aprendizagem: A abordagem multidisciplinar. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-557-6.
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The themes included in this book, involving active collaborators, confirm the need to fill the gap for health and education professionals. By presenting information from reliable sources and step-by-step activities to implement interventions with visual and phonological, dysgraphic, dyscalculic and ADHD dyslexics, it aims to provide effective procedures for screening, evaluation, intervention selection and monitoring. Issues examined such as visual dyslexia analyze developmental dyslexia as a condition that has been associated with motor difficulties, but little is known about what is shared or differentiated between its subtypes. The assessment of dyscalculia, which is often neglected, is clearly presented providing a tool for assessment and addressing family or support networks of students with Learning Disorders deepens our understanding Understanding the development of the school allows us to recognize specific situations that are often ignored. All activities have multisensory instruction, that is, students use more than one sense at a time, and multisensory instruction offers students more than one way to make connections and learn concepts The contributors to this book are active researchers in the teachinglearning process and the objective was to expand information on Learning Disorders with content chosen in a selective manner, giving relevance to the multidisciplinary team.
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Kimonis, Eva R., and Georgette E. Fleming. Disruptive and Conduct Disorders, Delinquency. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.27.
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Disruptive and conduct disorders, comprising oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, are characterized by behaviors that violate the rights of others or bring the individual into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures. These disorders are highly prevalent, emerge early in childhood, and are associated with profound disability and societal burden. Given the heterogeneity in presentation and outcomes of youth with disruptive and conduct disorders, attempts have been made to identify more homogeneous subgroups. Notably, children displaying callous–unemotional traits (e.g., lack of empathy, remorse/guilt) represent a distinct group with severe, aggressive, and chronic conduct problems. To identify this and other important clinical considerations, it is imperative that conduct problem assessment is effective and comprehensive. Assessment findings should inform implementation of evidence-based treatment tailored to the child’s and family’s individual needs. Additional clinical considerations and recommendations for the next frontiers of research into disruptive and conduct disorders are discussed.
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Cheatle, Martin D., and Lara Dhingra. Biopsychosocial Approach to Improving Treatment Adherence in Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190600075.003.0006.
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Up to 53% of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain demonstrate medication nonadherence, and many are nonadherent with behavior-change interventions for pain, presenting a significant challenge to providers managing this population and compromising patient-reported outcomes related to treatment efficacy, symptom control, and quality of life. Patients with chronic pain are often highly complex and present with numerous medical and psychological comorbidities. Many of these comorbidities, including mood, sleep, and substance use disorders, in addition to maladaptive coping with pain and varied clinician, health system, and family-related factors, can influence adherence to pain interventions. This chapter applies a biopsychosocial framework to guide the clinical assessment of nonadherence behaviors in chronic pain, including the identification of risk factors, mechanisms, and underlying processes of nonadherence, and presents strategies providers can potentially implement to enhance patient adherence to pharmacologic and behavioral therapies for pain management.
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Hannum, Emily, and Yu Xie. Education. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.21.
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This article explores the correlation between poverty and education. Poverty has been a core concept of interest in research on educational inequality. However, the conceptualization of poverty in empirical educational research does not always, or even usually, conform to definitions and measures that are prevalent in the poverty literature. To further complicate matters, the educational literature subscribes to no uniform set of alternative conceptualizations. This article begins with a discussion of three important functions of education in almost every modern society: imparting knowledge, socializing children, and transmitting family advantage or disadvantage. It then considers the impact of poverty on education at the national level and how education is affected by community and neighborhood poverty as well as household poverty. It concludes with an assessment of the impact of education on poverty.