Academic literature on the topic 'Family budget research - POF'
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Journal articles on the topic "Family budget research - POF"
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van der Kaaij, Marleen A. E., Natacha Heutte, Paul Meijnders, Edwige Abeilard-Lemoisson, Michele Spina, Elizabeth C. Moser, Anouk Allgeier, et al. "Premature Ovarian Failure and Fertility in Long-Term Survivors of Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group and Groupe d'Étude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 3 (January 20, 2012): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.37.1989.
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Purpose In this large cohort of Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors with long follow-up, we estimated the impact of treatment regimens on premature ovarian failure (POF) occurrence and motherhood, including safety of nonalkylating chemotherapy and dose-response relationships for alkylating chemotherapy and age at treatment. Patients and Methods The Life Situation Questionnaire was sent to 1,700 women treated in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Groupe d'Étude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte trials between 1964 and 2004. Women treated between ages 15 and 40 years and currently not using hormonal contraceptives (n = 460) were selected to assess occurrence of POF. Cumulative POF risk was estimated using the life-table method. Predictive factors were assessed by Cox regression analysis. Results Median follow-up was 16 years (range, 5 to 45 years). Cumulative risk of POF after alkylating chemotherapy was 60% (95% CI, 41% to 79%) and only 3% (95% CI, 1% to 7%) after nonalkylating chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; epirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and prednisone). Dose relationship between alkylating chemotherapy and POF occurrence was linear. POF risk increased by 23% per year of age at treatment. In women treated without alkylating chemotherapy at age younger than 32 years and age 32 years or older, cumulative POF risks were 3% (95% CI, 1% to 16%) and 9% (95% CI, 4% to 18%), respectively. If menstruation returned after treatment, cumulative POF risk was independent of age at treatment. Among women who ultimately developed POF, 22% had one or more children after treatment, compared with 41% of women without POF. Conclusion Nonalkylating chemotherapy carries little to no excess risk of POF. Dose-response relationships for alkylating chemotherapy and age at treatment are both linear. Timely family planning is important for women at risk of POF.
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D’Alfonso, Alessandro. "Reforming the financing of the EU budget: Outlook." Perspectives on Federalism 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): E—46—E—83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2016-0009.
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Abstract This paper provides a general overview of the EU’s own resources system, and of the debate on its possible reform within the current legal framework. Two alternative reforms are discussed, along with their possible advantages and drawbacks: 1) a simplified system based only on a resource related to gross national income; and 2) the introduction of new genuine own resources and the possible elimination of some current own resources. The second option, which has long been called for by the European Parliament, is explored in further detail, with an overview of the potential candidates for new own resources analysed by the European Commission prior to its 2011 reform proposal. The current outlook for a possible reform focuses on the ongoing work of the high-level group on own resources chaired by Professor Mario Monti, presenting the main obstacles to change and possible ways forward. This paper updates the author’s in-depth analysis How the EU budget is financed: The “own resources” system and the debate on its reform (European Parliamentary Research Service, Brussels).
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Coelho, Alexandre Bragança, Danilo Rolim Dias de Aguiar, and James S. Eales. "Food demand in Brazil: an application of Shonkwiler & Yen Two-Step estimation method." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 40, no. 1 (March 2010): 186–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612010000100007.
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The objective of the analysis is to estimate a demand system including eighteen food products using data from a Brazilian Household Budget Survey carried out in 2002 and 2003 (POF 2002/2003). The functional form used was Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). Estimation employs the Shonkwiler and Yen method to account for zero consumption. Results showed that purchase probabilities of staples foods were negatively related to family monthly income, while meat, milk and other products showed a positive relation. Regional, educational and urbanization variables were also important in the first stage estimation. While some of the goods had negative income coefficients, none were inferior and six of eighteen were luxuries based on second stage estimates.
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Koren, Gideon, Linoy Gabay, and Joseph Kuchnir. "A Clinician-Researcher Training Program for Family Medicine Residents." Clinical and Investigative Medicine 42, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): E35—E39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v42i3.33090.
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Purpose: Research training for clinicians is becoming relatively common for postdoctoral trainees in academic institutions. In contrast, there are relatively few such training programs for family physician residents. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel program for family medicine trainees in Maccabi Health Services, a large Israeli health fund.
Methods: Following organizational approval and budget allocation, a call for family residents resulted in 18 applications, 15 of whom were selected for a
two-year research training program. Each trainee submitted a research proposal, dealing with a community- based research question. Each protocol was allocated a budget. The Program, overseen by a steering committee of family physicians and scientists, has a designated clinical epidemiologist who coordinates all activities. The Project runs monthly face-to-face meetings where
trainees present their research proposals. The group reviewed the protocols ahead of time, commented on them and criticized them. In parallel, the trainees participate in a detailed discussion of their research proposals face-to-face with the program director and clinical epidemiologist, and the revised research proposal is submitted to the Institution Review Board.
Results: The Program received enthusiastic responses from the trainees and from Maccabi Health Services, which has already approved the budget for the
second year of the Program with a new stream of trainees. The approved research proposals dealt with original and important community-based clinical questions.
Conclusions: With the aim of developing clinician-researchers in the field of family medicine, this novel program will help change the research climate in a large organization, where community-based family practitioners were not typically involved in research.
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Hillen, Cristina, and Carlos Eduardo Facin Lavarda. "Budget and life cycle in family business in succession process,." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 31, no. 83 (August 2020): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201909600.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to analyze how the budget need is conceived in family businesses in the process of succession. There is a gap about the reasons for using the budget in the context of a family business succession process, whose characteristics and purposes of the budget reflect their need depending on the antecedents the reasons for use. The relevance of the theme lies in understanding the intergenerational succession as a part of the life cycle in family companies and the interface with the management control system (MCS) from the need of the budget with a planning and control tool. As an impact on the area, this study broadens the field of research on budget considering its characteristics and purposes in a context of organizational transition that involves succession in a family business. We adopted the single case study with data collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documents. Data were analyzed from the discursive textual analysis whose focus is the contents related to succession from the organizational life cycle, changes in the MCS, and budget need. The results showed that changes resulting from the succession process on the strategies of its planning (professionalization of management, creation of the holding company, and governance) interact and influence the need of the budget. This stems from the reasons for operational planning and strategic training from its antecedents associated with the organizational characteristics of the success and renewal phase of the life cycle. The contribution of the study is based on the combination of succession in family business and budget by making it possible to reflect on the need for a specific tool (the budget) to support goal setting and decision-making in this context. It will contribute to the MCS and family business by understanding the need for budgeting in the succession process. In addition, it will validate the three-phase model of the succession process in a family business as part of the organizational life cycle.
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Caputo, Richard K. "Income Inequality and Family Poverty." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 10 (December 1995): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507601003.
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The author presents results of research comparing various measures of black and white family income inequality and poverty for the periods 1969–1980 and 1981–1992. The study analyzed main effects for each decade as well as race and interaction effects on several family-income dispersion and poverty measures, including the Gini index and income–poverty ratio. The findings call into question the legitimacy of policies incorporated into the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 and subsequent legislation through the Clinton administration. Economic and social welfare policy options are discussed in light of the findings.
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Whitaker, Emilie Morwenna. "Personalisation in children’s social work: from family support to “the child’s budget”." Journal of Integrated Care 23, no. 5 (October 19, 2015): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-07-2015-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the changing meaning of personalisation from the New Labour era of bespoke, integrated family support to the more recent implementation of personal budgets for disabled children to deliver “choice and control”. The paper explores the discursive change from early help to “intervention”, the shifting conceptualisation of parents and the turn away from family support towards a focus upon individualised commissioning to meet needs. Design/methodology/approach – In addition to a literature review of policy shifts, findings presented are taken from an ethnographic case study of one team of children’s disability social workers. Observations were undertaken of the team in the office space and at meetings, in addition interviews were conducted with all team members and with seven families. An interpretivist and qualitative approach was adopted throughout. Findings – Findings reveal the frontline and familial challenges of delivering choice and control in a climate of austerity and child-centricism. Salient points for integration around families and between organisations as personalisation narrows in scope are also considered. Research limitations/implications – Findings are taken from one case study site; further research in different sites is required to consider the array of understandings and experiences across the social care landscape and to provide a strong empirical baseline. Originality/value – The paper reports on one of the first ethnographic studies of personalisation in children’s services. The paper is of value to practitioners and managers in social care and the NHS. It is also of value to academics exploring the conceptual and practical issues of individualised care.
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Endrianti, Rosalia Debby, and Nisful Laila. "Pengelolaan Keuangan Keluarga Secara Islam Pada Keluarga Muslim Etnis Padang Dan Makassar Di Surabaya." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 3, no. 7 (January 20, 2017): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol3iss20167pp549-560.
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The goal of this research is understanding how does management financial implementation work into Muslim Family, especially at Padang and Makassar ethnics in Surabaya.This research used descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was resulted by interview, observation, and documentation. Domain and taxonomy technique was used to perform data analytic. This technique to find the general description of financial management family work into Muslim then elaborated more detail to know the internal structure of Islamic view of wealth, the provision, determine the priority scale, and make budget household.The results based on interviews with two informants from the Padang and Makassar is both informants in research has implemented most components financial management to reach sakinah finance in the life daily. The financial management component are Islamic view of wealth, the provision, determine the priority scale, and make budget household.
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AL-Qadasi, Adel Ali, Shamharir Abidin, and Hamdan Amer Al-Jaifi. "The puzzle of internal audit function budget toward specialist auditor choice and audit fees." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 208–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-09-2017-1655.
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PurposeThis study is motivated by the lack of internal audit function (IAF) research and by the call for research on the impact of dominant owners such as family shareholders on audit fees and the demand for audit quality. This study aims to examine the impact of the IAF budget on the selection of industry-specialist auditors and on audit fees, particularly in companies with family-controlled shareholders, a feature unique to Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachData of Malaysian-listed companies during the period 2009-2012 are used. To examine the relationships, logit and ordinary least square regressions are used. Several additional analyses are conducted to assess the robustness of the main results, including alternative measures of specialist auditor and family ownership, endogeneity problems and self-selection bias.FindingsThe results show that the IAF budget is positively related to hiring industry-specialist auditors and audit fees. However, family companies are less likely to support the positive association between IAF costs and engage specialist auditors than non-family companies. In addition, a complementary association between the costs of IAF and audit fees for both family and non-family companies was found. Finally, the results show that there is a negative association between family ownership and the ratio of IAF costs to audit fees, suggesting that family companies rely more upon external auditing than internal auditing.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is to provide an empirical evidence about the tradeoff between IAF and both industry-specialist auditors and audit fees with considering the moderating impact of family-ownership shareholdings. This issue is yet to be examined, and it provides implications for policymakers and practitioners, as it offers insights into the importance of investing in IAF toward hiring industry-specialist auditors and pricing the audit services.
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Hasmi, Nurlaila. "Fenomenologis Penerapan Akuntansi Dalam Rumah Tangga Pada Guru-Guru SMK Publik Makassar." Tangible Journal 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 278–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47221/tangible.v4i2.93.
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Every family has family financial management & acts as a manager, how each family will manage finances will be different, and usually the family finances will be fully regulated by the Housewife (wife). This research tries to reveal the role of teachers in Makassar Public Vocational School on how informants apply household accounting and manage their finances in the household on 4 (four) important things, namely: budgeting, recording, decision making and long-term planning. This study provides findings from a phenomenological study of accounting in the household.
This study aims to uncover family financial planning oriented to explore financial management in the families of teachers in Makassar Public Vocational Schools. The focus of discussion and observation is sought to answer the problem of teachers' understanding of the budget in family financial planning. The qualitative method used in this research uses the theoretical basis for the study of phenomenology. The results of the study it can be concluded that the importance of the role of accounting in the household to be able to plan every budget in the household, recording, decision making and long-term planning in the household. This will have a very good impact on controlling the financial cycle and to avoid misunderstandings between husband and wife, as well as the need for long-term decision making and planning in managing family finances better and more precisely.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Family budget research - POF"
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Mooz, Edinéia Dotti. "Disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos orgânicos no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-11122012-105324/.
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A busca por alimentos provenientes de sistemas de produção sustentáveis, como por exemplo, os métodos orgânicos de produção é uma tendência que vem se fortalecendo mundialmente. Mudanças nos hábitos alimentares têm sido observadas, revelando a complexidade dos modelos de consumo e de seus fatores determinantes. Sendo assim, este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos orgânicos no Brasil. Utilizou-se como base de dados informações contidas na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF 2008- 2009), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) sobre aquisições de alimentos e bebidas orgânicos. Os resultados revelam comportamentos distintos na aquisição de alimentos orgânicos entre os brasileiros, quando são discriminados de acordo com as regiões e situação do domicílio (urbano ou rural). Os valores de disponibilidade (média) domiciliar foram superiores entre as famílias residentes nas áreas rurais, notadamente entre as regiões Sul e Centro- Oeste. Nota-se a relação existente entre as condições socioculturais que privilegia a perspectiva ligada à renda, havendo tendência de aumento sistemático de alimentos orgânicos, conforme ocorre crescimento dos rendimentos. Os resultados revelam ainda que quanto menor o número de moradores por domicílio, independente da região, maior a disponibilidade alimentar de orgânicos. Em relação aos grupos alimentares, merece destaque a maior participação do grupo dos laticínios, principalmente entre as famílias residentes nas áreas rurais. Os dados relativos à disponibilidade per capita de energia e participação dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes oriunda dos alimentos orgânicos no Valor Energético Total - VET revelou reduzida contribuição para a totalidade das regiões brasileiras. Quanto às características sociodemográficas das famílias, verifica-se que com o aumento da renda registra-se crescimento na disponibilidade de orgânicos nos domicílios com chefe/responsável do sexo feminino. A maior propensão ao consumo é verificada entre pessoas mais velhas (60 anos ou mais) e com nível de escolaridade superior incompleto. Paralelamente, verificou-se a reduzida quantidade média disponível para a totalidade das famílias brasileiras.The search for food from sustainable production systems, for example, the organic methods of production, is a trend which rises worldwide. Changes in dietary habits had been observed, showing the complexity of consumption patterns and their corresponding determinant factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to report the household availability of organic food in Brazil. This work was based on information available on Family Budget Research (POF 2008-2009), carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) about food acquisition for household consumption. The results showed distinct behavior regarding organic food acquisition between Brazilians, which are discriminated accordingly with different regions and household situation (rural or urban). The household availability values (mean) was higher between families located in rural regions, remarkably between South and Middle-West regions. It can be observed a relationship between socio-cultural conditions which allows the perspectives related to income, with systematic rising trend of organic food, when income growth occurs. Also, the results suggested that as lower the numbers of dwellers, independent of region, the household availability of organic foods are increased. Regarding the dietary groups, more emphasis was given about the major contribution of dairy group, mainly within family household in rural areas. Data related to per capita availability of energy and contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients derived from organic food on Total Energy Value showed reduced contribution for totality of the Brazilian regions. About the family socio-demographic features, it was observed an increasing income promoted by a rising availability in households which are headed by women. The major consumption propensity was verified between elderly individuals (60 years old or more) and with incomplete higher education. In addition, it was found the reduced average amount available for totality of Brazilian families.
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Mendonça, Danilo Marques de. "Perfil das famílias tomadoras de crédito no Brasil: caracterização a partir de um modelo desenvolvido com microdados da POF 2008/09." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9236.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-28After the period of monetary stabilization started with the Real Plan in 1994 , the credit market has shown annual growth rates of 20 %. About 40 % of this growth came from the credit market for individuals . This paper analyzed the profile of the families who have credit expenses, and what changes in their characteristics can cause any effect in their propensity to take credit . For this purpose we applied binary logit choice model based on microdata from the Household Budget Survey (POF 2008 / 09 ) of the IBGE, in an attempt to measure the probability of the family take a loan. For this, we used categorical variables relating to the constitution of families, such as education level, sex, race and age of household head, and other information on the composition of household expenditures found in POF. The data suggest that the two most important factors to increase the likelihood of family borrowing is the age of the household head and income per capita. However other factors also contribute significantly, such as the existence of financial investment spending , expend with reform the household or even health spending, children's age, sex, race and education of household head
Após o período de estabilização monetária iniciado com o Plano Real em 1994, o mercado de crédito brasileiro vem apresentando taxas de crescimento anuais nominais acima de 20%. Cerca de 40% deste crescimento advêm do mercado de crédito direcionado às pessoas físicas. Neste trabalho é analisado o perfil das famílias que possuem despesas com crédito, e quais mudanças em suas características podem causar alterações em sua propensão a tomar crédito. Para tal objetivo foi aplicado o modelo de escolha binária logit à base dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF 2008/09) do IBGE, na tentativa de mensurar a probabilidade da família ser tomadora de crédito. Para tanto, são usadas variáveis categóricas referentes à constituição das famílias, como: grau de escolaridade, sexo, raça e idade do chefe da família, além de outras informações sobre a composição das despesas familiares encontradas na POF. Os dados sugerem que os fatores mais relevantes a aumentar a probabilidade da família tomar empréstimos são a idade do chefe da família e a renda per capita. No entanto outros fatores também contribuem significativamente, tais como a existência de gastos com aplicação financeira, gastos com reforma do domicílio ou mesmo com saúde emergencial, idade dos filhos, sexo, raça e educação do chefe da família
Books on the topic "Family budget research - POF"
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Judicial training and research for child custody litigation: Report (to accompany H.R. 1253) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Canada Foundation for Innovation. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Finance Canada, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Forest service: Better reporting needed on reforestation and timber stand improvement : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Forests, Family Farms, and Energy, Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1991.
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Canada. Dept. of Finance., ed. Building the future for Canadians: Budget 1997. Ottawa: Dept. of Finance, Canada, 1997.
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Building the future for Canadians: Budget 1997. Available from the Finance Canada Distribution Centre, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Social security: The trust fund reserve accumulation, the economy, and the federal budget : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Social Security and Family Policy, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Office, General Accounting. Social security: The trust fund reserve accumulation, the economy, and the federal budget : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Social Security and Family Policy, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Gudelis, Dangis, and Luka Klimavičiūtė. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Lithuanian Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 305–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_18.
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Abstract Although the Lithuanian Government has an active programme (Global Lithuania) to engage with citizens residing abroad, there is a lack of social protection policies for non-resident nationals who are facing economic difficulties. This is due to the public opinion that Lithuanians abroad are in a better financial position to contribute rather than benefit from the already limited state budget. Nevertheless, some assistance exists in the area of health care: Lithuanian consulates help Lithuanians abroad with evacuations or if they get into an accident and wish to return to Lithuania. Consulates also assist emigrants with the receipt of pensions and family-related documents.
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Ferrari, Filippo. "Are Family Businesses a Good Environment for Project Management?" In Research Anthology on Strategies for Maintaining Successful Family Firms, 1054–81. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3550-2.ch048.
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Relationships between project management, operations management, and organizational strategy are well-known, as well as organizational influences on project. Family businesses work on projects, but their unique nature makes family firms a challenging context for Project Management. This chapter aims to present and discuss the specific dynamics of family business that can impact project management practices. By definition, a project is a complex system, consisting of a set of dozens of interrelated sub-processes. As is known, the percentage of projects that satisfy both technical requirements, budget compliance and which meet the deadlines, is extremely low. This fact forces the researchers to equip themselves with more sophisticated tools to face the complexity of a project, in order to increase its chances of success.
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Ferrari, Filippo. "Are Family Businesses a Good Environment for Project Management?" In Handbook of Research on Emerging Technologies for Effective Project Management, 97–123. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9993-7.ch006.
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Relationships between project management, operations management, and organizational strategy are well-known, as well as organizational influences on project. Family businesses work on projects, but their unique nature makes family firms a challenging context for Project Management. This chapter aims to present and discuss the specific dynamics of family business that can impact project management practices. By definition, a project is a complex system, consisting of a set of dozens of interrelated sub-processes. As is known, the percentage of projects that satisfy both technical requirements, budget compliance and which meet the deadlines, is extremely low. This fact forces the researchers to equip themselves with more sophisticated tools to face the complexity of a project, in order to increase its chances of success.
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Saunders, Peter. "The development, value and application of budget standards: reflecting on the Australian experience." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 139–54. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0010.
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This chapter draws attention to Australia's very rich tradition of family budget research, which was associated with the Social Policy Research Centre. It explains that the idea of a basic living standard enshrined in wage laws became a reality in Australia at the start of the 20th century. It also charts the history of budget standards research in Australia, focusing on the four major studies that were coordinated during the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. The chapter looks at the latest work that relates to the budget for healthy living and combines public health knowledge and focus group deliberations. It concludes that budget standards only provide a rough-and-ready adequacy benchmark, which should be used with care and in conjunction with other measurement approaches to living standards whenever possible.
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Bradshaw, Jonathan. "From normative budget standards to consensual minimum income standards in the UK." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 27–38. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0002.
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This chapter describes the revival of the fading tradition of minimum income standards for healthy living. It talks about the emerging theoretical frameworks of “basic needs” and “capabilities.” It also draws attention to the growing knowledge about health determinants and international human rights instruments, which helps guide the development of minimum income standards in a more systematic fashion. The chapter reflects on Jonathan Bradshaw's longstanding research career, in which he pioneered budget standards research in the UK, such as promoting the Family Budget Unit and developing the Low Cost but Acceptable and Modest but Adequate standards. It also describes the development of the Minimum Income Standards approach and its subsequent applications in the UK.
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Deeming, Christopher. "An introduction to minimum income standards and reference budgets: international and comparative policy perspectives." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 3–24. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0001.
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This chapter gives an overview of the research in developing “minimum income standards” and “family budget standards,” “indicative budgets” and “standard budgets.” It analyzes goods and services that are considered necessary to reach a minimum standard of living for an individual or household within a given country context, region, or city. It also brings together up-to-date and accessible information and analysis in an effort to raise the profile and understanding of reference budget research. The chapter places minimum income standards at the heart of global social policy debates that focus on strengthening social protection systems. It also discusses reference budgets and minimum income standards research, covering different methodologies and approaches in relation to the implementation of policy and practice.
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Concialdi, Pierre. "The French experience of reference budgets." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 55–66. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on the French experience of reference budgets in establishing an operational definition of “minimum decent income,” which since has been inspired by the Minimum Income Standards (MIS) methodology developed in the UK. It explains the MIS approach that has been applied extensively in the French context and covered six family types. It also examines the most recent “MIS France” results, which confirms that the basic amount of guaranteed minimum incomes in France is far below the reference budgets for all family types, and yet for the time being. The chapter points out how reference budget research has failed to stir political action and public debate in France. It highlights the main results of the study and related research findings that place reference budgets in the French policy debate.
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Yegen, Ceren. "Digitalization of Labor." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 234–50. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5357-1.ch012.
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The digital culture created by the new media shows itself in most of today's everyday life practices. Displacing the social structure, the digital culture also led to the digitalization of labor. In fact, while many products can be sold through Instagram today in Turkey, there are lots of accounts (pages) where handmade products (blankets, baby clothes, bags, pencil cases, etc.) are sold and many women who contribute to family budget, as well. Thus, the subject of this research is to study the knitting accounts which belong to the women making sales through Instagram. That way, it has been aimed to understand that how labor becomes digitalized by Instagram. The accounts which are making sales through Instagram and will be studied in the research are as follows: orgu.battaniyemmm, bebek_orgu_evi, and orgu_sepeti. Within the scope of this research, semi-structured in-depth interviews will be made with the owners of mentioned accounts, and through these accounts, it will be revealed that how digital culture makes labor a commodity and how digitalizes it.
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Meyer-Peyton, Lore. "Elements of a Successful Distributed Learning Program." In Distance Learning Technologies, 82–90. IGI Global, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-80-3.ch007.
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Global connectivity has opened up a new dimension in education, namely, the concept of delivering education via technology to students who may never see their classmates or their instructor face to face. The typical school with its traditional classrooms does not exist in this new scenario, and many of the professionals responsible for developing distributed learning courses are new to the task. This chapter will guide the reader through the process of planning and implementing a distributed learning program. The model for this chapter is the distributed learning program provided by the Department of Defense Education Activity to schools serving the family members of U.S. military personnel at home and abroad. The DoDEA Electronic School (DES) offers sixteen courses to over six hundred students at 56 high schools in fourteen countries, spanning twelve time zones. The program has been in existence for over twelve years, evolving from a two-teacher program to a worldwide school headed by an administrative staff and employing 23 instructors and four technical support staff members. Courses currently available through the DES include seven advanced placement courses (Calculus AB and BC, Physics B, German, United States History, and Computer Science A and AB); five computer programming courses (Pascal I and II, Q-BASIC, Visual BASIC, and C++); economics; health; humanities; and science research seminar. In addition to offering student courses, the DES is in the process of adding an extensive staff development component. With teachers and staff based worldwide, the system can save a significant amount of travel money by providing staff development opportunities that are accessible at the local site. The DoDEA Electronic School grew up with technology. During those first years, students used an acoustic coupler and a telephone to call a central computer in the United States, where they accessed a text based conferencing program to communicate with their classmates and instructors. Today’s DES instructors develop their courses in Lotus Notes, and students can use either the Lotus Notes client or a Web browser. Domino servers at each school send and receive information via the Internet, resulting in efficient transfer of data. In today’s environment, rich with technology but short on hours in the day, there is no time afforded for the luxury of “evolving.” Professionals tasked with developing distributed learning programs for their organizations are given a staff, a budget and a mandate— and certainly a challenge. The goal of this chapter is to help those professionals meet the challenge by examining the key elements of a successful distributed learning program.
Conference papers on the topic "Family budget research - POF"
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Mazur, L., and L. Brodskaya. "Modeling the life cycle of a peasant family (on the materials of budget surveys)." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1791.978-5-317-06529-4/71-79.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the concept of family life cycle and methods of its study. A method for analyzing the life cycle of a peasant family based on the materials of budget surveys of peasant farms in 1928/1929 is proposed. The method is focused on the study of primary data on the composition of the family and its demographic characteristics, recorded in questionnaires and systematized using database technology. Based on information about the age of the head of the family, the number of children of preschool and school age, the composition of the family (demographic type), the stages of the life cycle were identified, the duration of individual stages and the entire cycle as a whole was determined.
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Mazur, L., and L. Brodskaya. "Modeling the life cycle of a peasant family (on the materials of budget surveys)." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1791.978-5-317-06529-4/71-79.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the concept of family life cycle and methods of its study. A method for analyzing the life cycle of a peasant family based on the materials of budget surveys of peasant farms in 1928/1929 is proposed. The method is focused on the study of primary data on the composition of the family and its demographic characteristics, recorded in questionnaires and systematized using database technology. Based on information about the age of the head of the family, the number of children of preschool and school age, the composition of the family (demographic type), the stages of the life cycle were identified, the duration of individual stages and the entire cycle as a whole was determined.
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Herndon, Marcus. "Effect of Thermal Depolymerization of Wasted Food Extracts on Alternate Fuel Production." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59535.
Full textAbstract:
Human activities like fossil fuel retrieval, biomass burning, waste disposal, and residential and commercial use of energy are continuing to effect the Earth’s energy budget by changing the emissions and resulting atmospheric concentrations of radioactively important gases, aerosols, and by changing land surface properties. These activities negatively contribute to Earth’s greenhouse gases including water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). Approximately 82% of greenhouse gases are developed from the United States, Asia, and Europe alone. Food and their extraction processes, including transportation of those extracts, account for about 35% of those greenhouse gases. This includes wasted, rotten, and uneaten food. About 40% of food in the United States today goes uneaten, resulting in more than 20 pounds of food per person every month. Not only does this mean that Americans are throwing out upwards of $165 billion each year, amounting to $1,350 to more than $2,275 annually in waste per family of four, but also 25 percent of all freshwater and huge amounts of unnecessary chemicals, energy, and land. Moreover, almost all of that uneaten food ends up rotting in landfills. This number has increased, in regards to organic matter, from approximately 16 percent of U.S. methane emissions in 2010 upwards to 25 percent in 2012. With the increase in supply and demand of food, in addition to the lower consumer cost, the statistics of wasted feedstocks are rapidly increasing. The purpose of this research is to utilize wasted food to extract natural hydrocarbon oils through thermal depolymerization in order to develop an alternative fuel. Thermal depolymerization is a hydrous pyrolysis process that breaks down long chained polymers into simpler compounds and light hydrocarbons, much of which can be separated and used for fuel. Polymers include essentially all organic matter i.e. matter made of living or once-living things, which include petroleum products like plastic, styro-foam, and nylon, as well as plant and animal material, and manure. Potatoes and corn starch were used as feedstocks for this research and thermal depolymerization was conducted on the feedstocks for analysis and fuel collection. With optimum use and a mature thermal depolymerization technology, the Earth might comfortably support 10 times its current population at a high standard of living. There is enough biomass existing now accessible on the surface of the earth to provide 100 years of human energy use.