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1
Lotspeich, Younkin Felisha L. "Work-Family Spillover, Division of Labor, and Relationship Satisfaction." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275417957.
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2
Toth, Katalin. "Division of domestic labor and marital satisfaction a cross-cultural analysis /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3320566.
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3
McFarlane, Seth. "Work-family conflict, determinants of the domestic division of labour." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28617.pdf.
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4
Cooke, Lynn Prince. "The family game : policy, the division of labor, and family outcomes in Germany and the U.S." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404075.
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5
Chan, Vivian Wing Yan. "Promoting change through collaboration : reshaping the professional boundaries of family physicians through the Division of Family Practice." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42867.
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A collaborative framework is increasingly being used to promote change in the way health services are being provided. Collaborations have been studied mostly from a team perspective in health services research (HSR); system and institutional levels of analysis are underutilized. Applying an (neo) institutional perspective, this dissertation explored the role of interorganizational collaborative relationships in promoting practice change in family physicians. Specifically changes in the professional boundaries of family physicians were examined. The dissertation is comprised of two parts. The first study was a systematic qualitative examination of the HSR literature on the concept of professional boundary for family physicians. Fifty articles were reviewed. Conceptual distinctions used by family physicians to describe their role and their work were synthesized to form a multi-faceted notion of professional boundaries of family physicians (i.e., task-related, object-related, and relational). The second study was a case study of a new organizational form, the Division of Family Practice, in a suburban community in British Columbia. The new organizational form employed a collaborative framework to promote system and professional practice change in primary care. Findings were generated from interview texts, organizational documents, and participant observations. The study investigated how professional boundaries of family physicians are being reshaped through family physician’s involvement in collaborative relationships under the Division of Family Practice. Conclusion: collaborations provide a physical as well as a social space for partners (family physicians, the health authority, the government, and the medical association) to share, challenge, and shape each other’s perspectives, values, interests, and goals. The case study demonstrated the Division of Family Practice was successful at disrupting the physician institution and reshaping professional boundaries for family physicians as 1) the profession of family practice is undergoing a process of deinstitutionalization: the professional boundaries of family physicians are not as clear and distinct as they once were and have become a weakened institutional element; 2)the Division was able to disturb and reformulate the reward and sanction mechanisms for family physicians; and 3) the Division has enabled core assumptions and beliefs about family practice to be broken down and redefined.
6
Williams, Santoria Lushell. "Increasing Employee Retention Within the Georgia Division of Family and Children Services." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4763.
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Walden University
College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by
Santoria Lushell Williams
has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects,
and that any and all revisions required by
the review committee have been made.
Review Committee
Dr. Hilda Shepeard, Committee Chairperson,
Public Policy and Administration Faculty
Dr. Clarence Williamson, Committee Member,
Public Policy and Administration Faculty
Dr. Anne Hacker, University Reviewer,
Public Policy and Administration Faculty
Chief Academic Officer
Eric Riedel, Ph.D.
Walden University
2018
In Fulton County, Georgia, the Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS) child-welfare workers (CWWs) voluntarily separate from the agency at a rate higher than among other similar agencies in the state of Georgia. The problems of retention among CWWs in Fulton County have caused a subsequent problem in terms of the continued provision of quality services to foster children and families. This phenomenological study used McGregor's conceptualization of theory X-Y as the foundation for the exploration of the experiences of former Fulton County DFCS CWW workers related to their reasons for voluntary separation. Data were acquired through interviews with 10 CWWs who voluntarily separated from their positions with Fulton County between the years of 2013 and 2015. These interview data were transcribed and then coded and analyzed using a modified van Kaam procedure. Findings revealed that workers experienced what they perceived as a lack of administrative empathy, devaluation of workers, disrespect, and burnout, as well as the differences in knowledge between child welfare workers and management about the depth of CWW job duties. Two additional themes emerged regarding longevity that included motivation from peers and children safety. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to DFCS to engage CWWs in organizational decision making regarding child welfare policy and to seek opportunities to enhance feelings of value and inclusiveness among CWWs in strategic planning and policy making.
7
Matteson, Christopher W. "Division of Household Labor: Changes Over the Course of the Marital Relationship." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2398.
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Previous research has established the influence of the division of household labor between spouses on marital satisfaction, as well as the mental health of each spouse. Less is known about how the division of labor changes during the course of marriage. The family development perspective suggests that division of labor will change in response to different stages and circumstances, while the homeostasis perspective suggests that the division of labor will remain stable throughout the life course. This study used data from a 35 year longitudinal study of married women to examine changes of household division of labor over the life course. Participants in this study were wives of medical trainees at an East Coast medical school. Data collection at Time-1 included 175 wives in 1969-1970. The wives were also contacted in 1980 (Time-2), 1990 (Time-3), and 2005 (Time-4). All the participants were white. The average age of the women at Time-1 was 25.5 years. Participation in household labor was measured using five questions reflecting how much the husband helped in traditionally female stereotyped tasks. The five tasks were: does the family wash, sets table for dinner, clears table after meals, washes the dishes, and prepares meals. Other variables were included to help explain the change in husband participation in household labor over the course of the marriage, including number of children, the number of hours worked by the wife, and the wife's level of education. Multi-level growth curve modeling was used to examine stability and change in husband participation in household tasks over time. The fixed effects in the baseline model showed a significant positive linear slope indicating more husband participation over time. The random effect for time was also significant, suggesting variability in slopes across the sample. Results from the quadratic effect for time indicated a downward linear slope, attenuated by a positive quadratic slope. Thus, the results indicate that husbands participate less in household tasks early in marriage, but their level of participation increases in midlife. No predictor variables accounted for significant variability in the initial value or rate of change in the husband's participation in household tasks.
8
Pfeifer, Lexie Y. "Division of Labor and Marital Quality in China." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3055.
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Research done in the United States has linked household division of labor to marital quality. Research shows that satisfaction with division of labor is associated with greater marital happiness. There is minimal research in other countries on the relationship between division of labor and marital quality. China, with a history of gender inequality and emerging women's rights, makes an ideal setting for examining the relationship between division of labor and marital quality. In addition to measuring the influence of division of labor and satisfaction with division of labor on marital satisfaction, this study includes a scale on childcare related tasks. The data used in this study were collected between 1995 and 2001, from 446 couples, in Beijing and Hangzhou, China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for dyadic analysis. Results show that traditional division of labor and wives' satisfaction with division of labor positively affect Chinese husbands' marital satisfaction. Contrary to US research, results do not show a statistically significant effect between division of labor and Chinese wives' marital satisfaction. Results also show that higher levels of wives' responsibility for childcare predicts lower levels of marital satisfaction for husbands. Implications for culturally sensitive counseling are discussed.
9
Pericak, Kaitlin Anne. "Institutional separation| Stress experienced among Division I women collegiate athletes." Thesis, American University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10103691.
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This study examines the connection between experiences of stress by sophomore women collegiate student-athletes and the coping strategies they adopt to deal with their stress. The study employs qualitative investigation strategies of focus group interviews and individual interviews to examine stress and coping among women student-athletes at one medium sized private university in the Washington metropolitan area. Ideas from theorists Erving Goffman and Emile Durkheim contribute to a conceptual framework for exploring both constructive and less-constructive coping strategies in the face of the stress experienced by women student-athletes. The study reveals the interconnections among understandings expressed by participants about sources of stress—notably the structural relations between coaches and student-athletes—and engaging in both constructive coping strategies—generally individual and informal—and less-constructive coping strategies—specifically, drinking alcohol and disordered eating—within the community of athletes.
10
Graf, Carrie A. Driskell Robyn Bateman. "Gender differences in work and family conflict." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5055.
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11
Wolf, Yadlin Alejandro. "Development of mass spectrometry based technologies for quantitative cell signaling phosphoproteomics : the epidermal growth factor receptor family as a model system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38612.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, February 2007.Includes bibliographical references.
Ligand binding to cell surface receptors initiates a cascade of signaling events regulated by dynamic phosphorylation on a multitude of pathway proteins. Quantitative features, including intensity, timing, and duration of phosphorylation of particular residues play a role in determining cellular response. Mass spectrometry has been previously used to identify and catalog phosphorylation sites or quantify the phosphorylation dynamics of proteins in cell signaling networks. However, identification of phosphorylation sites presents little insight on cellular processes and quantification of phosphorylation dynamics of whole proteins masks the different roles that several phosphorylation sites within one protein have in the network. We have designed a mass spectrometry technique allowing site-specific quantification of dynamic phosphorylation in the cell. We have applied this technique to study signaling events triggered by different members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Self organizing maps (SOMs) analysis of our data has highlighted potential biological functions for phosphorylation sites previously unrelated to EGFR signaling and identified network modules regulated by different combinations of EGFR family members. Partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis of our data identified combination of signals strongly correlating with cellular proliferation and migration.
(cont.) Because our method was based on information dependent acquisition (IDA) the reproducibility of peptides identified across multiple analyses was low. To improve our methodology to permit both discovery of new phosphorylation sites and robust quantification of hundreds of nodes within a signaling network we combined IDA-analysis with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of selected precursor ions. MRM quantification of high resolution temporal profiles of the EGFR network provided 88% reproducibility across four different samples, as compared to 34% reproducibility by IDA only. In summary, we have developed a new robust mass spectrometry technique allowing site specific identification, quantification and monitoring of dynamic phosphorylation in the cell with high temporal resolution and under any number of biological conditions. Because the data obtained with this method is not sparse it is especially well suited to mathematical and computational analyses. The methodology is also broadly applicable to multiple signaling networks and to a variety of samples, including quantitative analysis of signaling networks in clinical samples.
by Alejandro Wolf Yadlin.
Ph.D.
12
Kim, Carol Synae. "Division of Labor and Marital Quality in Russia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3026.
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This study examined whether investigation of the linkages between division of labor and marital quality would produce the same results in Russia that have been found in the U.S. Russian couples (n = 172) participated in the study by answering three packets of questionnaires. The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale was used to measure each partner's rating of their levels of satisfaction with their marital relationship and their spouse. The results from the structural equation models indicated that the more the wives perceived themselves doing more and expressed dissatisfaction of their spouse's contribution to child care tasks and apartment maintenance, the lower were their levels of marital satisfaction. Also, the more the wives perceived themselves doing more and expressed dissatisfaction with their spouse's contribution to household chores and apartment maintenance, the lower were their husband's levels of marital satisfaction. Overall, the wives' perception of division of labor, instead of the husbands', strongly effects marital satisfaction. These findings paralleled the U.S. results of division of labor and marital quality. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
13
Ogston-Nobile, Paula L. "The Division of Family Work among Fathers and Mothers of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Parents and Family Functioning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3430.
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n often ignored aspect of parenting and family work is the responsibility-related caregiving (i.e. the monitoring, arranging, and planning) that is done to ensure that a child is cared for. Among fathers and mothers who have a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the intensity of meeting these needs is greater than for a typically developing child (e.g. additional coordination of schooling, interventions, healthcare, recreation, respite, and after-school services). As is the case for all parents, they must also attend to the demands of household labor (e.g. car maintenance, groceries, laundry, yard care), nurture their relationships (e.g. partner, friends, other family members) and find time to pursue interests outside of the home. The aim of this study was to examine parents’ management of and satisfaction with the division of responsibility-related caregiving and household labor, parenting stress, the couple’s relationship quality, and family functioning among parents of children with an ASD. Fathers (n = 66) and mothers (n = 104) of school-age children with an ASD responded to an online questionnaire. Most parents (mean 41.4 y.) were white (95%) and well-educated (98% had at least some college). All lived in the United States with the child and the child’s other parent. Parents provided information about their child (82% boys, mean 8.8 y.), including level of functioning. Fathers managed less responsibility-related caregiving than mothers, but they did not differ in their management of household labor. Parents were most satisfied with how the family work was shared when they managed less of it; however, when one parent always managed the work, satisfaction with the couple’s relationship was lowest and parenting stress was highest. Satisfaction with how the family work was shared was positively associated with overall family functioning. In general, parents, couples, and families fare better when the management of family work is shared between parents. Findings will further our understanding of the experience of fathers and mothers who have a child with an ASD, and may aid in our efforts to best support families affected by the autism spectrum disorders.
14
Pinho, Mariana Lobo. "Primary caregiving fathers and breadwinning mothers : social psychological mechanisms underlying the division of family roles." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/28652/.
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Over recent decades there has been significant progress towards gender equality in the workplace and at home. Transformations in work and childcare domains have occurred for families in Western societies, including de-gendered parenting, in which childcare responsibilities are shared equally or assumed primarily by the father. Although these arrangements constitute a recent and rare phenomenon, this increase in proportion has been matched by an academic interest. Using quantitative data from traditional and role-reversed couples, this research aims to explore the social psychological mechanisms underlying non-normative behavioural choices, as well as the consequences for couples' relationship quality, well-being and life satisfaction. Traditional couples are those in which the mother bears primary responsibility for child care while the father is the main breadwinner. In non-traditional role-reversed couples the opposite occurs. A sample of 242 individual parents with children from birth to 12 years old, completed an extensive questionnaire. Involvement in work and childcare, social psychological variables, relationship and life satisfaction, perceptions of their division of responsibilities and socio-demographic characteristics were examined. Results show how social prescriptions and structural characteristics are limiting the intersection between the mother and the father role, and help us understand how both roles can be more similar than different. The findings also disclose how by being involved men are assisting women’s career and help make a distinction between traditional and role reversed women’s views of the appropriate parental role for men and women. Furthermore, the results contribute for a better understanding of how gender ideologies and non-essentialist perceptions differ between couples in different arrangements and how they relate to involvement in childcare and well-being, as well as the role of choice in well-being, life and marital satisfaction.
15
Seniloli, Kesaia. "The value of children : perceptions of Fijian form six students in Fiji's Central Division." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110382.
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The survey conducted in February, 1987 obtained data on the perceptions of the value of children amongst 351
Form Six students of six moderately sized and
predominantly indigenous Fijian secondary schools in the
Central Division
of Fiji.
underlying
The study attempts to explain the motivations underlying
the existing high fertility
level amongst the indigeneous Fijians in Fiji.
It was found that although most females wanted a
smaller family size than their male counterparts, all
respondents indicated the importance of economic benefits
of children
particularly old age old age support and the traditional
benefits from
children which are
the props
for the perpetuation of high fertility. Most respondents
also recognised the financial cost as a major disvalue in
having children.
It was also found that there was widespread
knowledge of the existence
of
the different
methods of
contraception and positive attitudes towards the concept
of family planning particularly amongst females and rural
students. Although knowledge of contraception was not of
great depth, most students favoured the use of
contraception to prevent having more children.
On the basis of the findings of this study it was
concluded that until there were changes in the
motivations, particularly the reliance on children for
old age support, the high fertility level will persist
in Fiji. Furthermore there is a need to address the misconceptions, misinformation and ignorance of the young
people in Fiji regarding the
effectiveness of the
different contraceptive methods and also the mechanics of
conception.
16
Barnes, Lauren Alyssa Bone. "The Relationship of Equal Division of Labor and Satisfaction of Division of Labor to Positive Parenting as Mediated by Parents' Relationship Quality." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2130.
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Couples learn to negotiate a complex intersection between household labor and family processes. Using both observational coding and questionnaire self report, this study examined the relationship between father and mothers' reported equality with their division-of-labor, their satisfaction with division-of-labor and their respective positive parenting as observed in taped interaction with a target child while controlling for quality of the relationship between the parents. Findings showed that egalitarian division of labor was positively related to satisfaction in division of labor and that egalitarian division of labor was a significant predictor of mothers' relationship quality, but not fathers' relationship quality. It also showed that fathers', but not mothers', marital relationship quality was found to be correlated with positive parenting and satisfaction with division of labor was a significant predictor of positive parenting for mothers, but not for fathers. Therapists should be mindful of and address the role division of labor plays in a family. Researchers should examine the use of a more comprehensive overview of division of labor tasks.
17
Inman, Shasta Nicole. "Divorce & Division: Reincorporating the Marginalized Voices of Children." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595835.
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Despite the Arizona family court's purported focus on the "best interests" of the child, it is inherently parent-centered and does not, in actuality, serve children's well-being. When children are offered opportunities to participate in this legal system, studies have found positive impacts to both the children and the judicial system. The overwhelming majority of these studies were conducted in countries that have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; the United States is not one of those countries. As such, facilitating children's participation in the court process by encouraging judicial interviews is one way Arizona family law could better promote children's best interests and well-being. What began as a quest for research on how judicial interviews affected children emotionally and psychologically, has evolved into a critical analysis of the family law framework as it exists in the United States—particularly, the State of Arizona. Through a detailed presentation of Arizona family law, this papers demonstrates the court's focus on parents' rights—often in the absence of children's rights. An exploration of the ways in which various philosophical and legal theories work to critique and expose the dominant power relationships in the family law structure follows. It is only through such deconstruction of this law that children's voices can be effectively reincorporated into the family law schema and their "best interests" properly considered.
18
Carlson, Matthew W. "MAXIMIZING BENEFITS AND MINIMIZING IMPACTS: DUAL-EARNER COUPLES’ DIVISION OF HOUSEHOLD LABOR." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/10.
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Several socio-structural theoretical approaches attempt to explain the gendered division of household labor, but the dyadic process of dividing labor has gone largely unexplored. Therefore, a grounded theory approach was taken with 20 dual-earner married couples to uncover the process of dividing household labor between spouses. The theory that emerged indicated that couples seek to maximize benefits in their distribution of labor, and do so by dividing tasks according to personal preferences and proficiencies. When a household task goes unclaimed by both spouses’ preferences and proficiencies, containment and outsourcing are the strategies employed to minimize the impact of the unclaimed task. The emergent theory can be used by researchers to illuminate the dyadic process of division of household labor in ways that other theories are not able. The theory can also be used by educators to prepare premarital couples for future division of household labor practices as well as by therapists who can identify problematic patterns within clients’ division of household labor process.
19
Kubricht, Bryan C. "Division of Labor and Marital Satisfaction in China and Taiwan." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4059.
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There is evidence that household division of labor is associated with marital satisfaction among Chinese populations. However, little research has compared different Chinese societies, as well as non-rural and rural regions. This study compared the division of household labor, and its association with marital satisfaction, between China and Taiwan, between non-rural and rural regions, and between males and females using data from a large, multinational study of countries in East Asia. The moderating effect of gender role ideology was examined as a potential moderating variable, as well. Overall, division of household labor was significantly associated with marital satisfaction. However, gender role ideology was not a significant moderator. Invariance testing revealed no group differences, including China and Taiwan, rural and non-rural, and male and female, in the relationship between division of household labor and marital satisfaction. Additional analysis indicated that gender role ideology was a significant moderator for females in rural China.
20
Ahmed, Shameem. "Day in and day out : women's experience in the family and the reconstruction of their secondary status." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59959.
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The basic research question this thesis addresses is how the secondary status of Bangladeshi women is reinforced through household labour. It is argued that gender relations and housework shape each other. To develop this, it examines the degree of participation of women in different areas of housework and family decisions. The thesis further explores whether the autonomy of women coming from the traditional Bangladeshi family set-up has increased as a result of their immigration to Canada and their exposure to Canadian family values. This is done by a comparison of the family experiences of Canadian and Bangladeshi women. Finally, it is suggested that age, position in the family and length of immigration are the indices of the autonomy of Bangladeshi women in Canada.
21
Kurz, Terri L., H. Bahadir Yanik, and Jorge Garcia. "Helping a Young Child Connect Fact Family Addition and Subtraction using Tools." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80491.
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In order to help children become effective at addition and subtraction, it is important to provide them with an opportunity to investigate and discover the interconnectedness of the two operations. Fact families are one method teachers use to try and help children develop and understand how the operations relate to one another. This paper documents a strategy that was used with a seven year old boy to help him connect addition to subtraction. The strategy incorporated flash card tools to help him create logical problems to discover the mathematical relationship of fact families. With just a few trials, the child was able to create and explain problems that demonstrated the interconnectedness of fact families through addition and subtraction. The model was successful in helping the child advance his understanding. Additionally, it can be extended to more complex addition and subtraction problems as well as multiplication and division
fact families.
22
Singh, Maninder S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Application of product family research and development metrics in a power systems manufacturing environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106266.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 74 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-73).
Without objectively measuring the process of innovation, one cannot ensure whether the research and development expenses serve the right benefit. In order to be successful in generating revenue it is imperative for research and development functions to assume a broader view in developing technology for new products. Planning for the right product platform and family should not be limited to only market application for derivative products but also planning for successive generations of product platforms and derivative products. This topic explores a method documented in literature from a variety of industries ranging from power tools to medical devices by using the correct metrics to make the right level of business and product architecture decisions. The method includes defining metrics for Effectiveness, which is a measure of product success in the market place, and Efficiency, a measure of successful utilization of the corporation's product development resources. The utilization of the proposed method was applied to four product families, which include twelve different products over two release cycles in the Diesel Power Systems industry. The metrics were analyzed in combination and further guidance on the usage of metrics was developed. When applied appropriately, the metrics can help product planners and product line architects to manage and assess the right level of technology integration from past and present product platforms. The use of Efficiency and Effectiveness metrics allows business leaders to better assess their product planning strategies on a continuous basis. It also allows for a better understanding of how historical decisions impacted the outcome of past product architecture with clarity. However, having measures in place isn't sufficient, this work explores the need for a better communication and alignment of business process between Research and Engineering and sub-business units to better develop the right technology integration and maturation of future products.
by Maninder Singh.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
23
Tang, Chen Yu. "A comparative study of division of household labour across family life stages in Sweden, Germany, and the United States." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5524.
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I examine the effects of two life stages --- the preschool stage (defined as having preschool
children in the house) and the school-age stage (defined as having school-age children in the
house) --- on the division of household labour in Sweden (N = 480), Germany (N = 689), and the
United States (N = 465), using the 2002 International Social Survey Programme. I also examine
time availability, relative resource, and gender ideology as the mediating factors in the
relationship between life stages and the division of household labour. Initial analysis finds no
variation in spouses’ relative frequency of housework participation when examined by the
presence of children of either age group. Post-hoc analysis via separate examination of men’s
and women’s reported housework hours finds stability in men’s number of hours of housework
regardless of life stages across the three countries but variation in Swedish and U.S. women’s
housework time across life stages and between countries. The results suggest that women spend
more time in housework than men, regardless of life stages and country differences. However,
while men’s time spent in housework is unaffected by the presence of preschool or school-age
children, women’s time spent in housework may increase depending on the presence of children
of these two age groups as well as the type of welfare regime of the country they live in. Neither
in the initial nor in the post-hoc analysis are any of the proposed mediation effects established.
Nonetheless, time, resource and gender ideology are shown to have differing predictive power on
the division of household labour within and across countries.
24
Adkins, Lisa. "Sexual work and family production : a study of the gender division of labour in the contemporary British tourist industry." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316727.
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25
Tembon, Mercy Miyang. "The financing of secondary education in Mezam Division, North West Province, Cameroon : an uneasy partnership between family and state." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006587/.
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The government of Cameroon like that of many Sub-S aharan African countries is faced with dwindling revenues and cannot provide the required fmances for the education sector. Since many other developing countries are facing similar fmancial constraints, policy options have been proposed for the recovery of costs as a way of revitalizing and improving the quality of education in these countries. The introduction of user charges is one of the more prominent options that applies to all levels of education. In light of the educational financing situation in Cameroon, this study sets out to assess the possibility of implementing this option. It therefore seeks to analyze how secondary schools are fmanced and to measure private direct costs of secondary education so as to determine parental willingness to spend on schooling. A household and a school survey were conducted in Mezam Division of the North West Province of Cameroon. 335 households in urban and rural areas were involved in the household survey, while 16 principals and 750 students, selected from 16 secondary schools, took part in the school survey. Results from these surveys indicate that in government secondary schools, although tuition is provided free, parents are obliged to meet the costs of books and uniforms. Moreover, because government funding is inadequate, by default, parents are obliged to contribute further towards the provision of additional facilities in these schools through the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). Thus parents incur substantial costs for their children's education, in relation to household income and Gross National per Capita Income. The study also reveals that in the private educational sector, fees and other parental contributions, including PTA levies, form an important source of finance for secondary schools. Parents of government school students value the education of their children highly, and therefore indicated willingness to pay more, even though they already incur substantial costs. The findings further indicate that willingness to pay will be increased if the quality of education is improved. However, ability to pay is related to family income and number of children, which have important implications for equity which are discussed in the thesis. Finally the study reveals that the highly centralized financing policy and practice in government secondary schools does not take into account the fmancial capacity of communities and private individuals sufficiently. The thesis argues that, in order to improve access, quality and efficiency of educational provision, an appropriate cost-sharing strategy needs to be developed to finance government secondary schools, with provision of scholarships or other selective assistance to the most needy. The thesis suggests further that, efforts be made to explore parental willingness and the inherent self help tradition of the people, by encouraging local management and fmancing of schools. Hence support from individual users and contributions from local communities through Parent-Teacher-Associations should be actively solicited. It also suggests that the decentralization of educational management of schools will go a long way towards enhancing educational quality and efficiency. This will require some adjustments to the existing financing structures, and changes in the regulation and management of the education system. The successful implementation of these recommendations require immense political will on the part of the policy makers.
26
Ren, Gang. "Interactions between the PCH family protein Hof1p and Vrp1p/WIP (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein interacting protein) in regulation of cell division and membrane transport." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13085.
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Chez la levure (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), le phénomène d'endocytose comprend l'endocytose aspécifique (de fluides et de membranes) et l'endocytose dépendant de récepteurs spécifiques (protéines membranaires). Les deux processus nécessitent l'assemblage de filaments d'actine. Les facteurs clefs permettant cette polymérisation sont le complexe Arp2/3 ainsi qu'un certain nombre de facteur de nucléation de la polymérisation de l'actine que l'on nomme les NPFs (pour Nucleation Promoting Factors); les NPFs régulent de façon spatiotemporelle l'activité du complexe Arp2/3. Chez la levure, en plus de Las17p, qui est l'orthologue de la protéine humaine WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein), une myosine non conventionnelle de type I (Myo5p) présente une forte activité NPF lorsqu'elle l'interagit avec le domaine WH2 (WASP Homology 2) de la protéine Vrp1p, l'orthologue levure de la protéine WIP (WASP Interacting Protein). Au laboratoire, nous avons trouvé chez la protéine Vrp1 un autre domaine clef, le domaine HOT (Hof One Trap) qui est important pour la fonction de Vrp1p in vivo. Il fixe directement le domaine SH3 de la protéine de la cytokinese, Hof1p. La fonction du domaine HOT est de contrecarrer l'effet inhibiteur du domaine SH3 de Hof1p dans les processus d'assemblage de l'actine et d'endocytose stimulés par la protéine Myo5p. Un nouveau domaine de liaison aux monomères d'actine a été révélé chez Vrp1p (VH2) qui présente une redondance fonctionnelle avec le domaine WH2. L'endocytose récepteurs spécifiques nécessite une interaction stable entre Vrp1p et Las17p. Pourtant, il s'avère que l'import aspécifique de fluide et de membranes peut se faire sans l'association Vrp1p-Las17p et avec seulement un domaine WH2 et le domaine HOT de Vrp1p. Finalement, en utilisant une approche de purification par affinité nous avons identifié d'autres protéines pouvant interagir avec le domaine SH3 de Hof1p. Ces profils d'interaction ont été comparés avec ceux d'autres domaines SH3 que l'on trouve chez les protéines de la levure. L'interaction unique entre Vrp1p-Hof1p nous permet de mieux appréhender la pathologie du syndrome Wiskott-AldrichIn the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, endocytosis comprises bulk uptake (fluids and membranes) and receptor-mediated internalisation (membrane proteins). Both processes require efficient actin filament assembly. Key factors that nucleate the assembly of actin filaments are the Arp2/3 complex and a number of NPFs (Nucleation Promoting Factors), which are responsible for temporal and spatial regulation of Arp2/3 activity. In yeast, in addition to Las17p, the orthologue of WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein), one type I unconventional myosin (Myo5p) exhibits strong NPF activity through coordination with the WH2 (WASP Homology 2) domain containing protein Vrp1p, the yeast orthologue of WIP (WASP Interacting Protein). Here, we identified another key Vrp1p domain (Hof One Trap/HOT), which binds directly to the SH3 domain of the cytokinesis protein Hof1p, is important for Vrp1p function in vivo. The key function of the Vrp1p HOT domain is to counteract the inhibitory effect of the Hof1p SH3 domain in Myo5p-stimulated actin assembly and endocytosis. We have also revealed a novel actin monomer binding domain (VH2) in Vrp1p, which is functionally redundant with the WH2 domain. Receptormediated endocytosis requires stable interaction of Vrp1p with Las17p. However, we find that bulk uptake of fluid and membrane takes place without Vrp1p-Las17p association and requires only functional WH2 and HOT domains of Vrp1p. Finally, we identified a number of other potential Hof1p SH3 domain interactors using an affinity isolation approach and compared this interaction profile with those of several other yeast SH3 domains. The unique Vrp1p-Hof1p interaction pattern allows us to gain insight into the pathology of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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Brown, Katrina. "Women's farming groups in a semi-arid region of Kenya : a case study of Tharaka Division, Meru District." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27678/.
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The thesis examines how far women's farming groups are able to foster self-reliance among peasant farmers in Tharaka Division, a semi-arid region of Kenya. This is a particularly impoverished, drought prone part of the country where population pressure is resulting in intensified land use. In the past development policies have increased the vulnerability of peasant farmers making local people increasingly dependent on cash cropping and off-farm sources of income. Many households are headed by women, and the majority of farms are managed by women. Three aspects of women's farming groups were investigated: participation; extension and innovation; and access to development resources. A comparison is made between the economic and social status of participants and non-participants in women's farming groups. If it is the case that poor women are excluded from these groups, then a policy of targeting agricultural services and inputs to women's groups actually discriminates against resource-poor farmers. The study compares the number of extension visits received and innovations adopted by participants and non-participants. It questions whether the dissemination of information takes place through groups, and whether or not groups facilitate innovation. It examines the distribution of services and inputs to groups by government and non-government development agencies, and identifies those factors determining which groups receive assistance. The study concludes that women's farming groups have the potential to foster self-reliance amongst peasant farmers. However at present poorer women do not join groups because of severe time constraints created by competing labour demands. Any policy supporting women's farming groups can only be consistent with a "people-centred", participatory approach to development when these constraints are overcome and poor women, particularly female heads of households, are able to participate. Present policy is biased in favour of groups from more fertile areas. It is necessary to formulate policy appropriate to dryland areas where women's farming groups may provide a valuable mechanism for reducing vulnerability and ameliorating the effects of drought and famine.
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Hagqvist, Emma. "The juggle and struggle of everyday life. Gender, division of work, work-family perceptions and well-being in different policy contexts." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27449.
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Background This thesis explores the division of work, work-family perceptions and well-being in different policy contexts. Work (both paid and unpaid) is an arena where gender order is emphasised. Work task specialisation is often based on our ideas of femininity and masculinity. A gender order results in different chances and possibilities in life for men and women, influencing for example access to paid work. Genders are constructed differently across contexts, and countries policies and norms seem to play an important role in for instance the possibilities to combine work and children. Also, gender is important for the understanding and for the experiences of health and well-being. Two main research question are investigated in this thesis. First, how do gendered work division and work-family perceptions relate to well-being? Second, what are the contextual differences (policies and norms) with regard to gendered time use, gender attitude, work-family perceptions and well-being? Methods The thesis is based on data from three sources: the European Social Survey (ESS), the International Social Survey programme (ISSP) and Multinational Time Use Data (MTUS). With these sources, the aim is to capture patterns of behaviours, attitudes and perceptions on both individual level and national level. The methods used are logistic regression (Study I), OLS regression (Study III) and two different types of multilevel analyses (Studies II and IV). Results The results indicate that work-family perceptions are more important for individuals' well-being than actual time spent on paid and unpaid work. Further, the relationship between experiences of imbalance between work and family and low well-being differs by country. In countries where labour markets are more gender-equal the experience of imbalance to a higher degree relate to lower well-being, indicating that those who do experience imbalance in these gender-equal countries report lower levels of well-being than in countries which are less gender-equal. There have been changes in division of work and attitudes towards women's employment over the last few decades. Institutions and policies play a role for the division of work, and to some extent for changes in work task specialisation, as well as attitudes towards women's employment. Conclusion Central findings in this thesis show that it seems as if the experience of balance in life is more important for individuals' well-being than time use. The context in which gender is constructed is important for the relationship between paid work and family life imbalance and well-being and should be taken into consideration in cross-country studies. The fact that individuals in more gender-equal countries report lower well-being when experiencing imbalance could be a result of the multiple burden for both men and women in more gender-equal contexts. Also, the role of context and policies for attitudes and behaviours in relation to work is complex, and although this thesis adds to previous knowledge more research is needed. From a gender perspective the conclusion is that there are dual expectations in relation to work. In more gender-equal countries, women are expected to be equal to men by participating in the labour market. Meanwhile women still have the main responsibility for the home. Thus, it seems as if the equality of work is based on a masculine norm where paid work is highly valued.Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 3 och 4 inskickade
At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 3 and 4 submitted
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Ballard, Sarah. "A question of salience a gender analysis of the work-family interface /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/ballard.pdf.
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Brassiolo, Pablo A. "Essays on the economics of family formation, dissolution and bargaining." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81076.
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This thesis sheds light on several aspects of the economics of marital formation, dissolution, and bargaining. The first chapter focuses on the relationship between divorce law and family wellbeing, and shows that lowering the cost of divorce can reduce spousal conflict. The second chapter analyzes the effects of property division laws upon divorce on marital instability and female labor supply. Results suggest that a redistribution of property rights over family assets in case of divorce towards the financially weaker spouse, usually the wife, may increase marital instability and reduce female labor supply. The third chapter examines the role of sex ratios in college in explaining family formation patterns of young adults. Empirical evidence suggests that individuals who are exposed to a larger fraction of opposite-sex school mates are more likely to be married or residing with a partner from the same field of study shortly after finishing school.Esta tesis arroja luz sobre algunos aspectos de la economía de la formación, disolución y negociación familiar. El primer capítulo se centra en la relación entre la regulación sobre el divorcio y el bienestar de la familia, y muestra que una disminución del coste del divorcio puede reducir el nivel de conflicto entre esposos. El segundo capítulo analiza los efectos de las leyes de división de activos en caso de divorcio sobre la inestabilidad matrimonial y la oferta de trabajo de las mujeres. Los resultados sugieren que una redistribución de los derechos de propiedad sobre los activos familiares en caso de divorcio en favor de la parte financieramente más débil, habitualmente la mujer, puede aumentar la inestabilidad matrimonial y reducir la oferta de trabajo de las mujeres. El tercer capítulo examina el papel de la ratio de sexos en la universidad en explicar el patrón de formación familiar de adultos jóvenes. La evidencia empírica sugiere que los individuos que están expuestos a una mayor proporción de compañeros del sexo opuesto durante la universidad tienen más probabilidad de estar casados o residiendo con una pareja de la misma carrera, poco después de finalizar los estudios.
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Latta, Amy Elizabeth. "Parents' division of childcare responsibilities: Predictors of fathers' childcare involvement and egalitarian attitudes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2533.
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The current study was designed to examine whether adult childrens' reports of egalitarian parenting by their parents would influence the likelihood for egalitarian parenting behavior and gender role attitudes of the adult child. In general, results support the notion of intergenerational transmission of egalitarian parenting behavior. Individuals whose fathers were more involved in parenting reported greater father involvement in parenting their own children.
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Robertson, Steven Andrew. "Degradation of Three Lignin Containing Substrates by the Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus [Jacq: Fr.] Kummer Division: Basidiomycota, class: Agaricomycetes, order: Agaricales, family Pleurotaceae)." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489275.
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Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer in the environment and performs a structural and protective role in cells of many land plants. Certain basidiomycete fungi (generally called 'white rots') possess the ability to extensively degrade lignin through the use of extracellular enzyme systems, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. The process is of significance from geochemical, soil science and climate modelling perspectives and has industrial applications in both biopulping and bioremediation. This thesis demonstrates that it is possible to study multiple aspects of the white rot lignin degradation process over time in a single model system, and thus link aspects of the process that are generally investigated in isolation. A model system where lignin-containing substrates (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], common ash [Fraxinus excelsior L.] and Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis {Bong.} Carr.]) are degraded by the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (lJacq: Fr.] Kummer) was developed and on line thermal hydrolysis and methylation (THM) with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) used to investigate changes in lignin structure. Supporting analyses included fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of lignin and carbohydrate components of substrates, total organic carbon (TOC) determinations, quantification of the fungal biomarker ergosterol and selected plant sterols, plus assays of the fungal enzymes manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP), laccase and ~glucosidase. On angiosperm substrates, selective lignin degradation occurred with lignin oxidation and side chain cleavage continuing throughout the growth of the fungus. The degradation of wheat straw lignin was more extensive than ash lignin. Amounts of ergosterol, increased throughout the degradation process whilst peak enzyme activities were recorded early on. On Sitka spruce wood, only a limited oxidation of lignin occurred and enzyme activities plus fungal biomass remained low. Additionally, by tentatively identifying the products of a Cannizzaro type disproportionation reaction, the thesis provides evidence supporting use of THM when investigating fungal degradation of lignin.
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Venn, Danielle. "Work timing arrangements in Australia in the 1990s : evidence from the Australian time use survey /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000812.
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Santos, Silmere Alves. "Trabalho docente, família e vida pessoal : permanências, deslocamentos e mudanças contemporâneas." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4746.
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Having the historical-critical and feminist epistemology (considering the context of the Brazilian northeastern society and the processes of productive restructuring of the university) this research aimed at knowing the displacements, changes and permanence in the spheres of work, family and personal life, which make it difficult and/or possible to have more egalitarian and equitable relations amongst genders and/or point to other patterns of sociabilit favor the articulation between private/public spheres and amongst teachers who work in the Brazilian public university of the state of Sergipe. As to the methodology, the qualitative research showed its relevance by means of the case study. Its empirical field was the Federal University of Sergipe/São Cristóvão Campus and its academic centers: CCSA, CCBS, CCET, CECH. To collect data, various sources were used to trace teachers‟ profile such as websites (CNPQ, Ministry of Science and Technology, SBPC, ANDIFES, Council of University Rectors, IBGE, PNAD) and the 2008 Statistical Yearbook of the Federal University of Sergipe. Many theoretical categories were investigated like labor sexual division, vertical and horizontal segregation, glass ceiling, degeneration of work, amongst others. The concentration of male and female occupational groups was identified in a population of 323 (60,6%) men and 210 (39,4%) women, adding up 533 (100%) teachers of the permanent personnel, in 2008. One hundred seven closed-ended questionnaires and fourteen open questionnaires were applied. The results inform that in the context of teaching work at the Federal University of Sergipe, the sexual division and the horizontal and vertical segregation still prevail, unveiling the parallel segregation which composes the tridimensional segregation. Therefore the ghetto remains in the Science area; it is stated that productivity and substitute work are primarily occupied by the female sex. The subjects‟ representations point to family responsibilities which, towards love and maternal duties, women are the ones to assume, and they do not identify themselves as feminists, they are winners and losers of reflection; gender stereotypes appear as an expression of prejudice. As to personal life, data point to the fact that women rest less than eight hours a day, assume quadruple working hours, and amongst married women such hours are associated with their taking care of their children and of themselves. It can be said that the traditional archetypes linked to patriarchy, to the roles directed to women (cooking, sewing and taking care of someone) were substituted by studying, working, loving, giving birth to a child or not, and taking care of him/her, the latter not necessarily related to marriage or heterosexuality. Men‟s roles as the boss of the family and its provider were also displaced due to women‟s participation in the labor market, the increase in their level of schooling, the deterioration of economy for one to support one‟s family or due to the intensification of consumerism and reflective maternity. So, articulating work, family and personal life is not only an issue for women. It is an issue for both men and women as procreators of human beings; for the State as it is a social matter, and therefore, must be the object of public policies; for the organizations as the object of actions which require social responsibility and for the society, organized from a perspective of collective performance aiming at fighting for egalitarian and equitable human rights.Tendo como epistemologia a perspectiva histórico-crítica e feminista, (considerando o contexto da sociedade brasileira, nordestina e os processos de reestruturação produtiva da universidade) esta pesquisa objetivou conhecer os deslocamentos, as mudanças e permanências nos âmbitos do trabalho docente, da família e da vida pessoal, que dificultam e/ou possibilitam relações mais igualitárias, equitativas entre os gêneros e/ou que apontem outros padrões de sociabilidade favoráveis à articulação entre as esferas privada/pública, entre docentes que trabalham na universidade pública brasileira sergipana. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa qualitativa mostrou-se relevante por meio do estudo de caso. O campo empírico da pesquisa foi a Universidade Federal de Sergipe/Campus São Cristóvão e seus centros: CCSA, CCBS, CCET, CECH. Utilizaram-se várias fontes de coleta de dados como sites (CNPQ, Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, SBPC, ANDIFES, Conselho de Reitores Universitários, IBGE, PNAD); o Anuário Estatístico 2008, da Universidade Federal de Sergipe para traçar o perfil das/os docentes. Foram trabalhadas várias categorias teóricas como divisão sexual do trabalho, segregação vertical e horizontal, teto de vidro, precarização do trabalho, entre outras. Identificou-se a concentração dos grupos ocupacionais masculinos e femininos na população de 323 (60,6%) homens e 210 (39,4%) mulheres, totalizando 533 (100%) docentes do quadro permanente, do ano de 2008. Foram aplicados 107 questionários fechados e 14 questionários abertos. Os resultados informam que no contexto do trabalho docente na UFS, permanece a divisão sexual, a segregação horizontal e vertical, descobrindo-se a segregação paralela compondo a segregação tridimensional; permanece o gueto nas ciências exatas; constata-se que a produtividade e o trabalho substituto são prioritariamente ocupados pelo sexo feminino. As representações dos sujeitos apontam com relação às responsabilidades familiares que, em nome do amor e do dever materno, as mulheres preponderantemente assumem tais responsabilidades, e não se auto identificam como feministas; são ao mesmo tempo vencedoras e perdedoras da reflexividade; verificam-se estereótipos de gênero como expressão do preconceito. Quanto à vida pessoal, os dados apontam que as mulheres descansam menos de 8 horas por dia, assumem uma quádrupla jornada de trabalho, e entre as mulheres casadas estas horas estão associadas ao cuidar dos filhos e de si mesmas. Constata-se que os arquétipos tradicionais ligados ao patriarcalismo, aos papéis direcionados à mulher (cozinhar, cozer e cuidar) foram substituídos por estudar, trabalhar, amar, procriar ou não, e cuidar, estes não necessariamente ligados ao casamento ou à heterossexualidade. Os papéis do homem como chefe da família e provedor, também sofreram deslocamentos resultantes da participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho, da elevação de seus níveis de escolaridade, do agravamento econômico para sustentar a família ou a intensificação do consumismo e da maternidade reflexiva. Assim, articular trabalho, família e vida pessoal não é uma questão só de mulheres. É uma questão de homens e de mulheres enquanto procriadores de seres humanos; do Estado, enquanto questão social, e assim, deve ser objeto de políticas públicas; das organizações, enquanto objeto de ações de responsabilidade social; da sociedade civil organizada numa perspectiva de atuação coletiva na luta por direitos humanos igualitários e equitativos.
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Samarikoff, Ida, and Elvira Skoglund. "Carrying the Man’s Burden : A study on married, self-employed women’s perceptions and experiences of reproductive and productive labor in Kampala, Uganda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85429.
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Work and its effect on women’s empowerment and gender equality has been a long, on-going debate since the middle of the 20th century – not at least in development contexts, where women have been recognized to play a crucial role. The discussion has moved from only emphasizing women’s participation in the labor market, to also stress the need to recognize and value the unpaid, domestic work that women perform every day. Many feminist scholars have witnessed how the neglecting of housework and childcare has left women with a double burden, since men’s responsibility in the family and household has been rather stagnant. Therefore, by interviewing 17 married, self-employed women in Kampala, Uganda, this study explores women’s reasons and experiences of organizing reproductive and productive labor, and their solutions for balancing the two working domains. Many scholars draw upon norms, attitudes and traditions, when explaining the gendered division of labor. This study shall argue too that it is indeed gender stereotypical perceptions that maintain the gendered patterns of reproductive labor. However, the results also point to a material, income-related dimension of gender equality – in a context where income is often a determinant of the woman’s workload within the household.
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Souza, Laumar Neves de. "Dinâmica econômica e seus impactos nas estratégias de inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho da RMS." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Sociais da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11352.
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O objetivo desta tese é compreender como as mulheres residentes na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) responderam ao fenomenal aumento da precarização do mercado de trabalho local, ocorrido entre os anos de 1997 e 2003. A tese que se defende aqui é a de que as mudanças ocorridas na economia brasileira, e em particular na economia baiana, na passagem dos anos 1990 para os 2000, impactaram de modo desigual não apenas o modo e as características da inserção de homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho da RMS situação essa que implicou numa redução das assimetrias estruturais entre gêneros, previamente existentes , mas trouxeram diferenciações de inserção nesse mercado importantes também entre as mulheres metropolitanas. Sustenta-se, adicionalmente, a idéia de que muito provavelmente foram as mulheres na condição de filhas aquelas que mais se lançaram às fronteiras do mercado de trabalho metropolitano, uma vez que era, precisamente, esse grupo de mulheres o que menos pressionava o referido mercado de trabalho no exato momento em que o mencionado processo precarização deixa, por assim dizer, de ser considerado grave e começa a assumir um caráter absolutamente alarmante. Sublinhados esses pontos, cabe informar que o presente estudo se baliza nas informações produzidas pela Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED) para os anos de 1997 e 2003, o que só foi possível graças ao fato do volume de informações levantadas nesses dois momentos permitir a realização de um amplo leque de investigações sobre diversos aspectos do mercado de trabalho regional, especialmente sobre seus componentes estruturais. Diante dessa característica da base de dados da PED, procurase apontar quais respostas as mulheres metropolitanas foram capazes de oferecer a partir de três aspectos diferentes. O primeiro se refere a sua situação do ponto de vista da participação no mercado de trabalho da RMS. Aí se trabalha com informações referentes às taxas de participação e desemprego. O segundo diz respeito às condições e ao tipo de trabalho oferecido às mulheres em tal mercado. Nesse ponto, o estudo se volta para a discussão das questões referentes à distribuição setorial do emprego, bem como a distribuição da ocupação por posição na ocupação. O terceiro, e último, concerne à problemática da mulher que se relaciona aos diferenciais de rendimentos.
Salvador
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Austin, Denise Lynmarie. "Bringing Functional Family Probation Services to the Community: A Qualitative Case Study." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1436.
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In March 2011, Multnomah County's Juvenile Services Division (JSD) in Portland, Oregon implemented a new program model called Functional Family Probation Services, a case management model based on the principles of Functional Family Therapy. Under this model JSD Juvenile Court Counselors deliver Functional Family Probation Services to medium and high-risk youth on probation; both to the youth and their family in their home. This qualitative case study examined the extent to which the Juvenile Court Counselors and Community Justice Managers implemented Functional Family Probation Service's components and recorded their opinions regarding Functional Family Probation Services as a case management model. The study included observations of consultation meetings and interviews of 17 Juvenile Court Counselors, Community Justice Managers, and Senior Managers. The primary results of the study revealed that the Functional Family Probation Services intervention is well received by the county's youth and families and that Functional Family Probation Services increases family functioning. Additionally, both observations and self-reports from the Juvenile Court Counselors and Community Justice Managers indicate that Functional Family Probation Services requires individual and organizational changes critical for its successful implementation and sustainability.
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Neta, Barbosa Ana Alves. "Mulheres na agricultura familiar do semiárido norte-mineiro : divisão social do trabalho e gênero no Projeto Jaíba." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79131.
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Este estudo aborda a situação de vida e trabalho das mulheres na agricultura familiar no semiárido norte-mineiro, com foco na divisão social do trabalho e gênero no Projeto Jaíba. Nesse contexto elegeu-se a Etapa I, na área A: NS1 e NS2 como locus desta tese desenvolvendo os seguintes objetivos: analisar dinâmicas de vida e de trabalho feminino e gênero na agricultura familiar no Projeto Jaíba; caracterizar e analisar a sociodemografia e o trabalho das mulheres do Perímetro do Projeto Jaíba; analisar trabalho e renda das mulheres na agricultura familiar do PJ, considerando os fatores de inclusão/exclusão vinculados ao gênero; analisar dinâmicas de gênero, divisão social e sexual do trabalho na família, na atividade agrícola e a situação de vida e trabalho das mulheres do PJ e, por fim; discutir políticas públicas e gênero na agricultura familiar do PJ, na perspectiva do empoderamento feminino e do desenvolvimento rural. O estudo, de cunho qualitativo, contou com a participação de mulheres agricultoras, agentes de mediação, membros da família e presidentes de associações. Foram totalizadas entrevistas com vinte e duas (22) mulheres da Área A, seis (6) agentes de mediação e seis (6) membros da família, tendo como eixo norteador um roteiro semiestruturado. Realizou-se uma discussão de grupo com outras dezesseis (16) mulheres membros da associação AMA. Além disso, complementaram-se os dados com informações documentais do Projeto, com a observação e o diário de campo. Os resultados evidenciaram que, no valor social atribuído ao trabalho das mulheres do PJ, reproduzem-se as desigualdades de gênero, inviabilizando uma melhor distribuição das tarefas domésticas entre os membros da família e reforçando o paradigma da “naturalização” da divisão sexual do trabalho. A divisão social do trabalho se institui no centro da representação social, simbólica e cultural, condizente com a atuação esperada das mulheres e dos homens. Por um lado, ressalta-se que o espaço rural no Jaíba, de alguma forma e mesmo que ainda fragilmente, desestabiliza algumas barreiras e aos poucos ressignifica posturas e atitudes quando se consideram as relações assimétricas de gênero na agricultura familiar. A busca de poder no processo produtivo e público e o despertar para a cidadania das mulheres despontam como fatores que podem provocar transformações nas relações de gênero. No entanto, a percepção de aspectos favorecedores de exclusão social e de gênero no PJ é mais acentuada, como a limitada participação social das mulheres em espaços públicos e o reconhecimento do seu papel com equidade além das dificuldades referentes aos mecanismos para a operacionalização do crédito rural e, especificamente, o Pronaf-Mulher. Tais reflexões conduzem a percepção de que os entraves relativos à obtenção do crédito rural passam pelo acesso e acessibilidade aos meios, sustentados em pedagogias capazes de produzirem efeitos de saber-poder para as mulheres. Enfim, a situação de vida e trabalho das mulheres passa ainda por restritas mudanças nas dinâmicas de gênero, sociofamiliares e no contexto amplo do PJ.This work deals with the situation of women’s life and work in family farming in the North of Minas Gerais semiarid, focusing on the work social division and gender in the Jaíba Project. In this context the Step I was chosen in this project in the area A: NS1 and NS2 as the locus of this thesis including the following objectives: to analyze the dynamics of women's work and gender in family farming in the Jaíba Project (JP); to characterize and analyze the sociodemography and women’s work in the Jaíba Project Perimeter, to analyze women’s work and income in family farming in the project, considering the factors of inclusion/exclusion related to gender; to analyze gender dynamics, social and sexual division of work in the family, in the agricultural activity and women's life situation and work of the JP and finally, to discuss public policy and gender in family farming of the JP from the perspective of female empowerment and rural development. This qualitative study had the participation of women, mediators, family members and associations presidents. There were interviews with a semistructured guideline with twenty two (22) women of the area A, six (6) mediators and six (6) members of the family. There was also a group discussion with other sixteen (16) women members of AMA association. Furthermore, the data were complemented with document information data of the Project, with observation and the field diary. The results showed that the social value attributed to women’s work of the JP show gender inequalities preventing better distribution of domestic tasks among family members reinforcing the paradigm of "naturalization" of work sexual division. The work social division is established in the center of the social, symbolic and cultural representation, consistent with the expected role of women and men. On the one hand, it is noteworthy that in the rural Jaíba somehow and although still weak, some barriers destabilize and gradually postures and attitudes acquire new meaning when considering asymmetric relations of gender. The search of power in the productive and public process and the awakening to women's citizenship emerge as factors that can cause changes in gender relations. However, the perception of favorable aspects of social exclusion and gender in the JP were more pronounced as the limited social participation of women in public spaces is an invisibility factor of female performance and recognition of their role with equity and the difficulties regarding the mechanism for the rural credit operation and specifically Pronaf-Mulher. These reflections lead to the perception that barriers for obtaining rural credit is related to access and accessibility to the media, sustained in pedagogies capable of producing effects of knowledge-power for women. Anyway, life and work situation of women also undergoes stringent changes in gender, social and family dynamics in the broader context of the JP.
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Nowak, Jörg. "Geschlechterpolitik und Klassenherrschaft : eine Integration marxistischer und feministischer Staatstheorien /." Münster : Westfälisches Dampfboot, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018701861&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Shockley, Kristen M. "You can’t always get what you want, but does it matter? The relationship between prechild preferences and post-child actual labor division fit and well-being." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1770.
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Significant shifts in social ideology and legislation have brought about considerable changes in work and family dynamics in the Western world, and the male as breadwinner-wife as homemaker model is no longer the norm. However, despite increasingly gender egalitarian ideals, the division of labor among dual-earner couples tends to adopt a "neo traditional" once children are born, where women devote more time to family labor and men spend more time in paid employment
Although asymmetrical divisions of labor have clear workplace and societal consequences in terms of women's earnings, organizational advancement, and inequality, the effects on individual well-being are not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to apply the theoretical lens of person-environment fit to examine how misfit between dual-earner couples' pre-child division of labor preferences and post-child actual divisions of labor relate to affective (career, marital, and family satisfaction) and health-related (depression and physical health symptoms) well-being. Additionally, several conditions were posited to temper the strengths of these relationships (domain centrality, gender, voice in division of labor decision making, and satisfaction with the current division of labor).
Participants were 126 dual-earner couples with small children, and hypotheses were testing using polynomial regression analyses. The results suggested that congruence between an individual's own pre-child desires for the division of paid labor and the actual post-child division of paid labor relates to his/her own career and marital satisfaction, depression, and physical health symptoms. Congruence in the family domain is also important, as desire-division of family labor fit related to affective sentiments toward family and one's spouse. With the exception of career satisfaction, these relationships were curvilinear, such that deviations in either direction from perfect fit related to poorer well-being. On the other hand, there was little evidence for spousal effects, as dual-earner well-being did not relate the congruence between division of labor abilities and spousal demands. Finally, evidence of moderation was only found in a few cases, and none were consistent with prediction, highlighting the need for future research on the contextual conditions of P-E fit in the dual-earner context.
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Merla, Laura. "Appréhension et présentation de soi et transgression des normes de la division sexuelle du travail : le cas des pères “au foyer” / Self-definition and self-presentation and gender norms transgresssion : the case of "at-home" dads." Université catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12182006-055414/.
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Cette thèse porte sur les dynamiques identitaires et plus précisément sur l'appréhension et la présentation de soi en tant qu'individu de genre masculin lorsque celles-ci posent problème au sens schutzéen du terme, au travers de l'étude de la transgression des normes de la division sexuelle du travail opérée par les pères « au foyer ». La thèse s'articule autour de trois chapitres principaux. Le premier (chapitre 4) se centre sur les réactions d'autrui a la paternité au foyer, telles qu'elles sont relatées par les pères interrogés. Le second (chapitre 5) met au jour les stratégies mises en place par les pères au foyer pour gérer le manque de légitimité auquel ils sont confrontés. Le troisième (chapitre 6) propose une analyse phénoménologique de l'appréhension genrée de soi. Au travers de cette thèse, c'est une nouvelle définition de l'identité de genre qui est proposée. / This thesis deals with identity dynamics and, more precisely, with masculine self-presentation and self-definition when these become problematic. This is done through the study of gender norms transgression operated by “at-home” dads. The three main chapters of the thesis are the following. Chapter 4 is focussed on peoples' reactions to at-home fatherhood, based on the accounts of housefathers. Chapter 5 analyses at-home dads' strategies to deal with the lack of legitimacy they are confronted to. Chapter 6 proposes a phenomenological analysis of gendered self-definition. Through this work, the author proposes a new definition of gender identity.
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Evertsson, Marie. "Facets of Gender : Analyses of the Family and the Labour Market." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : [Institutet för social forskning], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28.
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Grunow, Daniela. "Convergence, persistence and diversity in male and female careers - does context matter in an era of globalization? : a comparison of gendered employment mobility patterns in West Germany and Denmark /." Opladen Farmington Hills Ed. Recherche, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827841&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Ermis, Asli. "Segregation at work, segregation at home : Turkish women, gendered jobs and prestige." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:75012971-763f-4ba9-ba87-be44bc85e1b2.
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This study sets out to understand the position of Turkish women in gendered jobs and jobs with different levels of prestige from the 1980s to the 2000s, and to compare this position to that of women in similar countries where possible. Although Turkish women's enrolment rates in traditionally male subjects in higher education is above the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average and despite the fact that they exceed their male counterparts in their graduation rates in most of the university subjects, this success is not reflected in the labour market. Turkish women are mostly trapped in female occupations with medium level of prestige and are particularly excluded from top-ranked jobs. This study argues that the vicious circle of society's expectations of women in the private sphere and the statistical discrimination based on the fulfilment of these expectations affect women's likelihood to be in these jobs negatively. While increasing educational level strongly improves women's position in male-dominated jobs (within 'professional, scientific and technical jobs' category in particular) and their prestige levels, evidence also shows that there is still a drastic lost potential in respect of highly qualified women's employment considering that still in 2010s, there is a remarkable proportion of highly educated women who are not in paid work. It is observed that in 2012, women expanded their attainment in relatively low-prestige jobs and increased their participation further in professional jobs in accordance with their rising higher educational attainment, yet still only 3% of working women are in managerial jobs (TurkStat, 2012). This implies that the prescribed gender roles that saddle women with the heavy burden in the private sphere, which also affect highly educated women's career trajectories, could even be more persisting than the influence of the traditional social structure on women's work that is expected to cause low qualified women to be represented at low rates in (less prestigious) jobs with non-traditional conditions. Considering that women withdraw from the labour market mostly due to marriage, and the findings show that marriage and having children have a negative impact on women's careers at large, attention should be focused on the private sphere. Looking at Turkish households, it is found that the gender segregation at work is reflected in the private sphere: women undertake the demanding traditionally female housework and while there are more potential sources of support for childcare compared to household chores, women's employment status and level of income also do not make a substantial difference in terms of the former also the unbalanced domestic division of labour unlike it is for the latter. Results demonstrate that Turkish men do not have a particularly traditional gender ideology regarding women's paid work. However, their lack of involvement in female chores creates a barrier for women's careers in a semi-direct pattern. The findings refer to the need for a faster increase in Turkish women's higher educational attainment and a stronger external support system via social policies at work and at home. It is also important to reinforce a more egalitarian gender ideology regarding men's roles as spouses and fathers as well as to promote the importance of women's different roles in private and public spheres, not only as wives and mothers but also as individuals, citizens and employers/employees.
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Zia, Ullah Muhammad. "Honour Killings In Pakistan: Under Theoretical, Legal and Religious Perspectives." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22840.
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This research sets out to examine the main excuses, often mentioned in connection to the so-called “honour killings” in Pakistan. In this way, the aim is to discuss the idea of “honour killings” by looking at trends and patterns in this kind of homicides in Pakistan. This study also explores what legal and judicial obstacles stand in the way of putting an end to the abuse of killing women in the name of honour.The first part is mainly theoretical and analytical. In this part a set of concepts is theorized as the notion of patriarchy, public/private division and cultural globalization. These theories test the empirical data of “honour killing” in the last decade and try to find their role in the society of Pakistan. This study also analyzes the “honour killing” cases in a different way by telling stories. Second part contributes to the research regarding Islam the official religion of Pakistan. This section mainly concerns the status of women in Islam and their rights of life and free will to choose their spouses. This study also tries to remove the misconception in the minds of the West regarding Islamic teachings towards women.This study proceeds mainly under the qualitative method with the supplementary help of quantitative method. At the end, the thesis bears some finding under the abductive technique. The results show that the tested theories have a significant role in upholding the ancient practice of “honour killings” in Pakistan, and Qur’aanic and Prophetic Islam has no link with the abuse of “honour killing” in general. It is ancient tribal phenomena that have entered in some cultural norms of the society.
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Gessler, Doberhof Sofia, and Nina Wohlfahrt. "Socialt förebyggande samarbetssamtal med föräldrar för barnets bästa." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6899.
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The purpose of the study was to increase the understanding of, and extend the knowledge about realization of mediations and its consequences on family law divisions and family centres. Within this area, organisational, methodical, relational and social preventative aspects of mediations were illustrated. This scope was judged to be of major importance, as recent studies show that children often suffer psychologically due to parents’ lack of cooperation. Mediations are considered as a way of getting parents to agree. To fulfil the purpose, six qualitative interviews were conducted, three on each function. A multidimensional tool for interpretation was used, containing organization analysis, social constructionist theories, system theories with focus on roles, and a cognitive perspective. Several important circumstances concerning mediations could be identified, like the importance of flexibility and voluntariness, focus on the children, combination of mediations and complimentary parental support and also the importance of meeting families on an early stage. The results showed that mediations are a preventative way of working with families with children, and that family centres are considered to have greater possibilities of designing mediations according to the above-mentioned circumstances. Furthermore it was showed that mediations are a functional way of recreating the characteristic of the nuclear family triad mother-father-child.
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Menninger, Sarah Wheeler. "The impact of rising women's salaries on marital and relationship satisfaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4852/.
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Using data from a national survey, this study examines income and other key variables (division of labor and work-family conflict) and their relationship to marital satisfaction. This study builds upon the body of research regarding working couples and women's increased participation in the paid labor force as well as evaluates the findings in the context of data gathered from the recent United States census. Results from this study also are compared to the findings of other key studies. Emergent data may be used to prepare counselors to work more effectively with couple clients and to assist employers in the development of work life policies for dual career and dual earner employees. Results from the multiple regression revealed no direct effects of income on marital satisfaction. For this sample, increases in work family conflict contributed to less marital satisfaction as did the presence of children. Increased participation in household chores by respondents' partners contributed to increased marital satisfaction. No differences were observed by gender. Limitations of the study, recommendations for further research, and implications for practitioners also are addressed.
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Sartor, Angela Kalckmann Romanó. "Sustentabilidade da vida humana e as possibilidades da divisão sexual do trabalho doméstico." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/432.
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A sustentabilidade da vida humana, entendida como conjunto de atividades necessárias para o processo de reprodução social e manutenção da vida, por não ser considerada como trabalho produtivo, não tem sido tratada como prioritária para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e do indivíduo. Desenvolvida basicamente por mulheres no ambiente doméstico, é palco de desigualdades e conflitos, onde mulheres que não conseguem dividir responsabilidades vivem a dupla, tripla jornada de trabalho. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer quais as estratégias as mulheres curitibanas, que possuem trabalho remunerado fora do lar com exigência de escolaridade de nível médio, estão utilizando para enfrentar este desafio, com quem e com o que podem contar. É uma pesquisa qualitativa-interpretativa, que entrevistou 15 mulheres e procurou entender o significado da divisão sexual do trabalho, isto é, como o trabalho doméstico é dividido entre homens e mulheres de uma mesma família, e qual é a participação do Estado e do empregador. Através dos discursos das entrevistadas percebe-se que o momento é de avanços e permanências, onde a reprodução de comportamentos convive com mudança de valores e atitudes. O modelo predominante da divisão sexual do trabalho, definido por Hirata e Kergoat, é o da conciliação, embora apareçam os modelos tradicionais e de parceria em menor escala. Destaca-se também a participação das avós na emancipação das mulheres mães trabalhadoras, que podem contar com as suas próprias mães, sobretudo quando não conseguem o apoio do Estado e do empregador, por meio de creches para seus filhos. No que se refere às inovações tecnológicas notou-se que contribuíram significativamente como poupadores de tempo e esforço para realização das tarefas domésticas, mas não representam o foco principal na divisão sexual do trabalho.The sustainability of human life, meaning the activities necessary for the process of social reproduction and life maintenance, as not conceived as productive work has not been treated as a priority for the development of the individual or the society. Performed basically by women in the domestic environment, it is the scene of inequalities and conflicts, in which women who cannot divide responsibilities face a double or triple day work. The object of this research is to know which strategies the working women of Curitiba, holders of a high school diploma, are using to go through this challenge, what services they can be provided and who they can count on. This qualitative and interpretative research has interviewed 15 women and tried to understand the meaning of the gender division of labour i.e. how is domestic work divided between men and women of the same family, and what is the role of the Government and the employer. Their testimonies evidence they are facing times of change and persistency, where the reproductive behaviour coexists with change of values and attitudes. The prevalent model of gender division of labor, defined by Hirata and Kergoat, is the conciliation, although traditional and partnership models also occur in a smaller degree. Grandmothers play a substancial role on the emancipation of the working women. They can count on their own mothers mostly when they cannot get the Government and employer’s support through day-cares for their children. Technological innovations have significantly contributed as time and effort savers for the accomplishment of domestic tasks, but do not quite picture the main focus in the gender division of labour.
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Zingwe, Tawanda. "The relationship between emotional stability, stress and work family conflict, among Standard Bank female employees in the Border region." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007133.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between emotional stability, stress and work-family conflict among Standard Bank female employees. For this purpose data was collected from the female employees of Standard Banks in Alice, Fort Beaufort, King Williams and East London Town’s in the Eastern Cape. A sample of 72 female bank employees was drawn from the population. Neuroticism is the opposite of emotional stability and it was mostly often used in place of emotional stability in the study. Results of the study indicated that all study variables are significantly positively correlated with one another. The findings of this study is helpful in the banking industry in order to design human resources policies which will reduce the work-family conflict and decrease stress for female bank employees and for future research in respective topics. The implications of this study are discussed along with recommendations for future research and professional managerial practice.
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Gundogdu, Akturk Elcin. "Attachment Figure Transference, Caregiving Styles And Marital Satisfaction In Arranged And Love Marriages." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612205/index.pdf.
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The study aims to investigate the effects of married women&rsquos attachment security, caregiving styles, how they initiated marriage (i.e., love vs. arranged) and whether they have egalitarian or traditional marriage on their marital satisfaction and attachment figure transference to their husband. It is expected that attachment to spouse would be stronger and attachment functions would be transferred earlier in love marriages than arranged marriages. Moreover, caregiving styles, attachment security, and egalitarian structure of marriage are expected to predict transference of attachment functions to husbands and marital satisfaction. Married women (N = 204) filled out a questionnaire package including the measures of division of labor in house chores, significant people in their life, attachment anxiety and avoidance, caregiving styles, and marital satisfaction. A series of ANCOVA controlling for the duration of marriage was conducted to compare the participants with arranged and love marriages. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to predict attachment strength and satisfaction separately for love and arranged marriages. Results revealed no significant difference between arranged and love marriages on the strength and timing of attachment figure transference to spouse. In both types of marriage, sensitive and responsive caregiving styles and low attachment avoidance were associated with stronger attachment to spouse. Although those with egalitarian relationships reported higher levels of marital satisfaction in both love and arranged marriages, women with both egalitarian and love marriages reported the highest levels of marital satisfaction than those with traditional and love marriage. The findings were discussed considering cultural context and previous work.