Journal articles: 'Family expenditure'

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Krueger, Kurt V. "Personal Consumption by Family Type and Household Income." Journal of Forensic Economics 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-25.2.203.

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Abstract Using Consumer Expenditure Survey data, this paper presents a unified approach in estimating adult personal consumption across five family types: married wage earners living together by themselves, married wage earners living together with their minor children, married retirees living together by themselves, single wage earning parents living together with their minor children, and single wage earners living alone. In addition to advancing the literature with a unified analysis of family traits, this paper uses over 700 microdata expenditure classifications instead of the approximate 30 summary expenditure classifications which have been relied on in other personal consumption studies. Microdata expenditure classification reduces problems of allocating expenses among family members. The paper begins with an overview of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, the federal data source that is most appropriate for estimating personal consumption. Next presented are the allocation rules to separate personal from survivor and household expenditures. The data are then identified followed by empirical estimation.

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Wuryandari, Ratna Dewi. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGELUARAN MAKANAN, PENDIDIKAN, DAN KESEHATAN RUMAH TANGGA INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA SUSENAS 2011)." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 10, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v10i1.53.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of socio-demographic and socio-economic variables and location of residence on household expenditures for food, education, and health. Regression analysis shows that household life cycle stages, household size and residential areas have consistent effect on the proportion of food expenditure, education expenditure and health expenditure. Larger household size increases proportion of food expenditure, education expenditure and health expenditure. Stages child household and third generation household have the highest influence on education expenditure and health expenditure. Meanwhile, urban household has the largest impact on the proportion of food expenditure, education expenditure and health expenditure. It is also found that households with the highest proportion of food expenditure and with the smallest expenditures on education and health are the ones who have heads of household who are working as free labors or family workers.

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Xu, Huang, Zhang, and Chen. "Family Economic Burden of Elderly Chronic Diseases: Evidence from China." Healthcare 7, no. 3 (August 21, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7030099.

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Chronic diseases among the elderly and their huge economic burden on family have caught much attention from economists and sociologists over the past decade in China. This study measured the economic burden of elderly chronic disease (ECD) in families using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data set from Peking University (China). We studied some aspects of this burden, including health-service utilization, out-of-pocket expenditure on inpatient and outpatient, total family expenditures on items, and labor force participation rates of family members, etc. Some interesting things were found, for example, the additional annual expenditure on inpatient care (per member) in ECD-families was 37 to 45 percent of the annual expenditure in the control group; the labor-force participation rate in ECD-families was 2.4 to 3.3 percent of points lower than in the control group.

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Rasell, Edith, Jared Bernstein, and Kainan Tang. "The Impact of Health Care Financing on Family Budgets." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 691–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mm38-p4hv-2w32-4kyr.

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Although businesses, federal and state governments, and insurance companies are major funding sources for health care, they are just intermediate sources. Ultimately, individuals and families pay all health care costs through out-of-pocket spending, insurance premiums, or federal, state, and local taxes. Using a microsimulation model with data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, the Internal Revenue Service's Individual Tax Model, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey, the authors examine the distribution of health care spending, by decile, among families and individuals. They find that the distribution of health expenditures is very regressive, with low-income families paying twice the share of income paid by high-income families. The distribution of out-of-pocket expenditures, which comprise 24 percent of total spending, is the most regressive, with low-income families paying 8.5 times the share of income paid by high-income families. Spending on premiums is also regressive, and the regressivity would increase if everyone had private insurance. Expenditures through the public sector are progressive. Regressivity is greater among the elderly than the nonelderly. Out-of-pocket expenditures account for 41 percent of all health care spending by the elderly. A more equitably financed health care system would increase the share of funding raised through progressive taxes, and decrease reliance on expenditures made out of pocket and on premiums.

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Simatupang, Johannes, and Junaidi Junaidi. "POOR HOUSEHOLDS EXPENDITURE FOR PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE HEALTH NEEDS." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3541.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze: 1) patterns and allocation of household expenditure in poor urban and rural areas for preventive and curative health needs in Jambi Province; 2) socio-economic factors that affect their expenditure. Data is gath-ered thorough poor households at the locus of chosen village. To analyze the patterns and allocation of household expenditures, descriptive statistical measures as well as single and cross frequency tables is used. Furthermore, to analyze the factors influenc-ing, multiple regression model is used. The results found that: 1) the average health expenditure per capita per year of was IDR 67,391. It is 1.37 percent of the total annu-al expenditure per capita, or only 3.56 percent of the total per capita annual expendi-ture for non-food needs. Furthermore, detailed health expenditures for curative and preventive, it was found that 73.36 percent of health expenditures for poor households were for curative needs and only 26.64 percent were allocated for preventive health needs; 2) socioeconomic factors that significantly influence health expenditure are: family head age, head of the family education, field and business status, per capita expenditure, and structure of household members according to age, education and main activities. Therefore to improve health poor household service requires a massive campaign to encourage them to go to service center. This service is granted by local governments, though it still have difficulties to be implemented on health insurance scheme in Indonesia (BPJS).

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JANOWITZ, BARBARA, and ANDY THOMPSON. "WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR FAMILY PLANNING." Journal of Biosocial Science 33, no. 4 (October 2001): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200100551x.

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This paper describes the efforts of Family Health International to develop a simple, standard and replicable methodology to estimate expenditures on family planning in developing countries. The study found that it is not possible, at least at this time, to develop such a methodology. Numerous problems were encountered in making expenditure estimates. First and most important, expenditure accounts are not always readily available. Even when these accounts are available, they may require some adjustments. In some instances, for example, the salaries of health workers who also provide family planning are in the health accounts, whereas in other cases the workers covered in the family planning accounts spend some of their time providing health services. Allocation variables then must be developed to separate spending on family planning from that on health. In some instances allocation variables were developed and used to separate family planning from health expenditures, but in this case allocation variables were not available and a cost analysis was performed. It is concluded that it takes considerable time and effort to estimate expenditures, and that the approach that was followed varied by country, reflecting the data available to make estimates.

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Davies, Brian, and Jean Mangan. "Family expenditure on hotels and holidays." Annals of Tourism Research 19, no. 4 (January 1992): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90061-s.

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SCHULZ., T. "FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN 1949. PART I." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 13, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1951.mp13004003.x.

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SCHULZ., T. "FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN 1949. PART II." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1951.mp13005001.x.

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Yamanashi, Hirotomo, Kenichi Nobusue, Fumiaki Nonaka, Yukiko Honda, Yuji Shimizu, Shogo Akabame, Takashi Sugimoto, Yasuhiro Nagata, and Takahiro Maeda. "The role of mental disease on the association between multimorbidity and medical expenditure." Family Practice 37, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaa015.

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Abstract Background Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more chronic diseases and is associated with increased adverse outcomes, including hospitalization, mortality and frequency of use of medical institutions. Objective This study aimed to describe multimorbidity patterns, determine whether multimorbidity was associated with high medical expenditure, and determine whether mental diseases had an interaction effect on this association. Methods We conducted a claims data-based observational study. Data were obtained for 7526 individuals aged 0–75 years from a medical claims data set for Goto, Japan, over a 12-month period (2016–17). Annual medical expenditure was divided into quintiles; the fifth quintile represented high medical expenditure. Multimorbidity status was defined as the occurrence of two or more health conditions from 17 specified conditions. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for high medical expenditure were calculated by number of comorbidities. Results In total, 5423 (72.1%) participants had multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with high medical expenditure, even after adjustment for age, sex and income category (OR: 10.36, 95% CI: 7.57–14.19; P < 0.001). Mental diseases had a significant interaction effect on the association between multimorbidity and high medical expenditure (P = 0.001). Conclusions Multimorbidity is associated with high medical expenditure in Japan. Mental diseases may contribute to increased medical costs.

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Asano, Seki, and Eduardo P. S. Fiuza. "Estimation of the Brazilian Consumer Demand System." Brazilian Review of Econometrics 23, no. 2 (November 2, 2003): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/bre.v23n22003.2726.

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In this study we estimate the Brazilian consumer demand system through family expenditure data, which cover all consumption categories. The model is estimated from family-level expenditures on seven consumption categories, and a new set of regional cost-of-living indexes. The sources for expenditures are the national household expenditure surveys (POFs) conducted in 1987/88 and 1995/96, which collected data from eleven metropolitan areas. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of this type and extent based on both waves of POF. Corresponding price indexes were constructed from detailed commodity prices, also from each metropolitan area. The salient features of our study are 1) price variations come from both time and regional differences, which allows us to estimate price elasticities with high precision, 2) we have large variations in income (total expenditures), which is rarely available in aggregate data, and 3) we control for time specific factors by exploiting the panel structure of the data set.

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Mas’amah, Mas’amah, and Atina Shofawati. "MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN RUMAH TANGGA TAKMIR MASJID RUNGKUT JAYA." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 6, no. 6 (January 17, 2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20196pp1114-1128.

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The goal of this research is to understand how management financial implementation work into muslim Family, especially at Takmir Rungkut Jaya Mosque. The research used descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was results by interview and documentation. Pattern matching technique was used to perform data analytic. This technique to find the general description of financial management family work into muslim then adjusted to the implementation of sakinah finance. The result based on interviews with two households of Takmir Rungkut Jaya Mosque is both informants in research has implemented components financial management to reach sakinah finance in the life daily. The financial management component are income management main intention to worship, meet family needs, maintain self-respect for not begging, and leniency of life, and hold the principle of halal in seeking sustenance and work, and focusing on the intention of the afterlife. Expenditure Management consists of three expenditure items, household needs posts, social posts, and mosque needs posts, as well as using savings as outposts for cash inflows and expenditures, as well as household emergency funds.Keyword: sakinah finance, income management, expenditure management, household finance

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Xu, Lizheng, Fan Yang, Jingjie Sun, Stephen Nicholas, and Jian Wang. "Evaluating Family Planning Organizations Under China’s Two-Child Policy in Shandong Province." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122121.

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Background: The 2015 two-child policy was the most important institutional change in China’s family planning since the 1978 one-child policy. To implement the two-child policy, China merged the former health departments and family planning departments into the new Health and Family Planning Commission organization. We collected and analyzed funding and expenditure data, providing a novel approach to assessing the family planning outcomes under China’s two-child policy. The paper shows how the management structure and funding levels and streams shifted with the new two-child policy and assesses the new management structure in terms of the ability to carry out tasks under the new family planning policy. Methods: We collected data on the funding, structure of expenditure and social compensation fee in Shandong province from 2011 to 2016, to evaluate how resources were allocated to family planning before and after the organizational change. We also collected interview data from family planning administrators. Results: While total family planning government financing was reduced after the organizational change, expenditures were shifted away from management to family planning work. Funding (80%) was allocated to the grass-root county and township levels, where family planning services were provided. The overlapping work practices, bureaucracy, and inefficiencies were curbed and information flows were improved. Conclusions: The new Health and Family Planning Commissions shifted resources to carry out the new family planning policy. The aims of the two-child policy to reduce inefficiencies, overlapping authorities and excessive management were achieved and expenditures on family planning work was enhanced and made more efficient.

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SCHULZ., T. "FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN 1947: PART I: INCOME & EXPENDITURE OF NON-FOOD ITEMS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 10, no. 11 (May 1, 2009): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1948.mp10011001.x.

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Hadiyanto, Ferry, Arsita Arsita, and Rosleny Marliani. "Analysis of Education and Health Quality of Children of TKW Families: A Case Study in Cianjur and Indramayu Regencies." International Journal of Nusantara Islam 5, no. 2 (February 6, 2018): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v5i2.1867.

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This study is aimed at aims knowing the education and health quality of children of TKW families in Sindanglaka Village, Karangtengah District of Cianjur Regency and Juntinyuat Village, Juntinyuat District of Indramayu Regency. By using survey data of 56 and 48 households in Cianjur and Indramayu Regencies respectively, data is processed using the probit model. The variables used in this research are children academic reports, frequency of children suffering from illness, education expenditure, health expenditures, children ages, education levels of heads of households, children dependence, and family responsibilities. The results show that education expenditure, children ages, and education levels of heads of households have a significant effect on children education, while children health is influenced by the ages of children and family responsibility.

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Piekut, Marlena. "Expenditure on selected stimulants in European households." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0963.

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The aim of the study is to show the level and the share of expenditure on alcoholic beverages, tobacco and drugs in European households, with particular emphasis on Polish households. Data of the CSO and Eurostat were used for the analysis. Research methods used in the study are: Ward cluster analysis, correlation relationship. The biggest expenditures on stimulants in the household budget were observed in the Czech Republic and Estonia. In Poland were noted a relatively low level of spending, a relatively high share in the structure of expenditure and the positive rate of change in the years 1995——2012. The variables having the greatest relationship with expenditure on alcoholic beverages, tobacco and drugs were disposable income per capita, as well as household size and a stage of development of the family.

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Piekut, Marlena. "Restaurants and hotels expenditure in Polish households of the elderly." Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2016-0009.

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Abstract The age of household members is an important factor for expenditures. The aim of the study is to investigate the level of expenditure on restaurants and hotels incurred in Polish households of the elderly in 2004-2013 and to identify the factors affecting such expenditures. The source of information used in the study was the household budget survey of the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The main methods used in this study were variance analysis and regression analysis. Restaurants and hotels expenditure increases every year together with their share in total household expenditure. The most important factors affecting the restaurants and hotels spending in Polish households of the elderly are: income per capita and the level of education of the head of the family. The study on consumption determinants at different groups leads to better understanding of consumer behavior circumstances and thereby ensuring a good quality of life for the people of the elderly.

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Kirkpatrick, Sharon, and Valerie Tarasuk. "The relationship between low income and household food expenditure patterns in Canada." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 6 (September 2003): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003517.

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AbstractObjectives:To compare food expenditure patterns between low-income households and higher- income households in the Canadian population, and to examine the relationship between food expenditure patterns and the presence or absence of housing payments among low-income households.Design:Secondary data analysis of the 1996 Family Food Expenditure Survey conducted by Statistics Canada.Setting:Sociodemographic data and 1-week food expenditure data for 9793 households were analysed.Subjects:Data were collected from a nationally representative sample drawn through stratified multistage sampling. Low-income households were identified using Statistics Canada's Low Income Measures.Results:Total food expenditures, expenditures at stores and expenditures in restaurants were lower among low-income households compared with other households. Despite allocating a slightly greater proportion of their food dollars to milk products, low-income households purchased significantly fewer servings of these foods. They also purchased fewer servings of fruits and vegetables than did higher-income households. The effect of low income on milk product purchases persisted when the sample was stratified by education and expenditure patterns were examined in relation to income within strata. Among low-income households, the purchase of milk products and meat and alternatives was significantly lower for households that had to pay rents or mortgages than for those without housing payments.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that, among Canadian households, access to milk products and fruits and vegetables may be constrained in the context of low incomes. This study highlights the need for greater attention to the affordability of nutritious foods for low-income groups.

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Utama, Radikal Yuda, Herman Palani, and Ahmad Zufar Rabbani. "Giving more enhances your happiness: Evidence from Indonesia." Communication in Humanity and Social Science 1, no. 1 (2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21924/chss.1.1.2021.8.

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Previous studies revealed that consuming activities and spending money to meet needs can improve individuals’ happiness. Our study showed that spending money, not for personal needs also has a big impact on individuals’ well-being. We used 26,464 observations of 4th and 5th waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) to predict the expenditures for non-personal needs (known as prosocial expenditure) on one's subjective well-being. The estimation result of the probit model showed that pro-social expenditure had a positive correlation with subjective well-being. On average, those who spend more on charity are happier than people who spend less. We also found that prosocial expenditure among Muslim and non-Muslim observations had different effects on happiness and life satisfaction.

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Han, Wen-Jui, Chien-Chung Huang, and Irwin Garfinkel. "The Importance of Family Structure and Family Income on Family's Educational Expenditure and Children's College Attendance." Journal of Family Issues 24, no. 6 (September 2003): 753–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03254518.

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Using the 1991-1998 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure, we analyzed the determinants of college attendance rates and educational expenditure among families with children in Taiwan, paying particular attention to the effects of family structure and family income. The findings indicate that higher family income is consistently associated with higher college attendance rates and spending on education. Children in single-parent families have lower college attendance rates than children in two-parent families. Furthermore, single-parent families spend less on education. When family income is taken into account, single-mother families are not significantly different from two-parent families on the outcome variables. Single-father families, however, are estimated to have significantly lower college attendance rates and educational expenditure after controlling for family income. These results suggest that improving the economic security of single-parent families will increase their children's attainment in single-mother families but will not eliminate the attainment gap between children in single-father and two-parent families.

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Queiroz, Pedro, and Alexandre B. Coelho. "Food away from home in Brazil: the role of sociodemographic factors and family structure." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2018-0113.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the determinants of per capita expenditures with disaggregate food away from home (FAFH) including variables such as family structure. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimated a system of expenditure equations (SUR method) with data from the latest Consumer Expenditure Survey of 2008–2009 – (or Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares – POF), considering the complex sample design in estimation procedures. Findings The authors found a positive relationship between woman’s opportunity cost of time and FAFH spending only when the authors considered the effects of wife’s education in higher income class. Hiring domestic help diminishes FAFH spending, mostly for lunch and dinner time meals. The presence of children in the household decreases the consumption of most FAFH categories. Social implications Even though, Brazilian FAFH consumption has been increasing, the presence of women in the labor market seems to play a small role in the determining this type of food consumption. Family structure plays an important role in determining FAFH. Originality/value The contribution of the paper is to estimate FAFH expenditures at the disaggregate level and by income class for Brazil. The authors also included alternative family structure specifications as determinants in the model. The authors considered the sample design characteristics in estimation.

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Putri, Audi Apriliyan, and Ilmiawan Auwalin. "PENGARUH PENGELUARAN ROKOK RUMAH TANGGA MUSLIM DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENGELUARAN PENDIDIKAN." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol7iss202010pp2020-2036.

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ABSTRAKTujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran rokok terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan rumah tangga muslim di Indonesia. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pengeluaran rokok, pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, usia dan wilayah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 5) dengan 21.815 responden terpilih. Teknik analisis yang digunakan merupakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran rokok, pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, usia dan wilayah berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan. Pengeluaran rokok dan wilayah memiliki hasil negatif signifikan terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan, yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang berkebalikan. Pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan dan usia memiliki hasil positif signifikan terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan, yang artinya terhadap hubungan yang searah dengan tingkat pendidikan. Memiliki hasil koefisien determinasi variasi variabel dependen sebesar 13,65%.Kata Kunci: Pengeluaran Rokok, Pengeluaran Pendidikan, Pendapatan, Pendidikan Kepala Rumah Tangga, Usia, Wilayah ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to determine the effect of cigarette expenditure on Muslim household education expenditure in Indonesia. The variables in this study consisted of cigarette expenditure, income, level of education of household heads, age and region. This research is quantitative. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 5) with 21,815 respondents selected. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that cigarette expenditure, income, education level, age and region significantly influence education expenditure. Cigarette and regional expenditure have a significant negative effect on education spending, which means there is a reverse relationship. Income, education level and age have significant positive results on education expenditure, which means that the relationship is in the same direction with the level of education. Having the coefficient of determination of the variation of the dependent variable of 13.65%.Keywords: Cigarette ExpenditurEs, Education Expenditure, Income, Household Head Education

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Suhasini, K., G. P. Sunandini, I. Shakuntala Devi, and Tewodros Tefera. "Components of household income and elasticity of consumption expenditure in Kurnool and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/269-277.

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This paper explores the nature of the different income sources, consumption expenditure and income elasticity of different group of items and the relationship among them as exhibited in the study areas. Both households sources of income and consumption expenditure shows similar trend in the two districts. From the two models used: total consumption expenditure and family size elasticities of consumption expenditure and income and family size elasticities of consumption expenditure, the former provide accurate prediction of Engel laws of consumption for classification consumption goods into inferior, normal and luxuries goods. It was found that increase in family size has an adverse effect in consumption of most luxuries and normal goods. It was noted that normal and inferior goods become luxury goods as family size increases. It implies that increase in the family size affects standard of living and quality of life adversely. Hence, appropriate strategies should be put in place to curb the negative impacts of population explosion to hasten the nation move towards prosperity.

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Pavani, N., and D. Ratnakumari. "Lifestyle diseases and effects of the treatment expenditure on family finances." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1636.

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Health is among the basic capabilities that give value to human life. Good health is a prerequisite to successful human endeavor and core to financial growth and activity. The lifestyle diseases are associated with the way a person or group of people lives. Irregular food habits, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyles, tobacco, alcohol, high intake of salts and low intake of fruits and vegetables, causes lifestyle diseases. This study was focused on framing the effects of the lifestyle disease treatment’s expenditure on the family finances. A survey of 120 respondents in Hyderabad and Secunderabad cities was conducted. Some of the effects mentioned by the respondents were “Inability to meet daily needs, incapable of meeting specific needs (newspaper, internet connection, etc.), fiddle with the amount spent for entertainment, kill the amount spent for family shopping, trim down the amount spent on educational activities of children, negotiate with children’s needs, helpless to save for the future planning of the family, inept to pay insurance policies, obtain loan in order to meet the treatment costs, sell assets to meet the treatment expenditure. ”Statistical analysis was carried out by using chi- square tests. The study found that 49% of the families were unable to meet daily needs,54% of them negotiated with children’s needs, 65% of them were helpless to save for the family’s future. The result showed significant association between family finances and the cost of lifestyle disease treatment expenditures based on income levels.

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Qomariyah, Naufilatul, Sunlip Wibisono, and Rafael Purtomo. "Keragaman Konsumsi Keluarga TKI dan Keluarga Non TKI Desa Curahnongko Kecamatan Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v6i1.11070.

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This study aims to find out how the diversity of family consumption of migrant workers and non migrant workers, and how much influence the remittance to the consumption of family of migrant workers covering consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption and total consumption. And how much influence the income on the consumption of non-migrant family which includes consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption. To achieve these objectives used primary data obtained directly from the place of study. The method of analysis used in this research is Simple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of this study indicate that remittance variable has a positive influence on consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption of families of migrant workers. And remittance variables also have a significant influence on consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption of families of migrant workers.. The income variable has a positive effect on consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption of Non-migrant family workers. And income variables also have a significant effect on consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption of Non-migrant family workers.Keywords: Consumption, Remittance, Revenue, Capital Expenditure Consumption, Food Consumption, Non-Food Consumption, Total Consumption.

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Arani, Abbas Assari, Hessam Mardantabar, Loft Ali Agheli, and Ghahreman Abdoli. "Comparison of Health Care Expenditure Patterns between Various Income Deciles: Iran Urban Households (2009–2014)." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n2p301.

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Abstract This study estimates and compares healthcare expenditure patterns of different income deciles of urban households by ordinary least square (OLS) method. Data is obtained from houshold survey data and includes healthcare expenditure, family income, the education level of parents, number of children and the average age of parents during 2009-2014. The purpose is to identify the effectiveness of each variable on healthcare expenditure between different income deciles. Moreover, it will be examined that if there is any significant difference between effects of variables on healthcare expenditure in different income deciles. The results indicate that the pattern of healthcare expenditure varies between different income deciles. The first and second deciles show a similar pattern and the level of education of parents doesn’t have any significant effect on the healthcare expenditure. In these deciles, a percent increase in family income, increases the healthcare expenditure less than 1 percent. In addition, other variables except than the education level have a positive effect on the healthcare expenditure. On the other hand, almost the same pattern is observed in other income deciles as well. Thus, family income, the average age of parents and number of children demonstrated a positive effect on healthcare expenditure and the education level of parents showed a negative effect. This finding seems to be related to the preventive effects of education. What’s more is that in the ninth and tenth deciles, a percent increase in family income, leads to more than 1 percent increase in healthcare expenditure. Therefore, the most prominent suggestion to healthcare authorities is to improve the level of awareness of family. And also, this instruction can be categorize base on the average age of parents. This could be done through government agencies or insurance authorities.

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Nayga, Rodolfo M. "Wife's Labor Force Participation and Family Expenditures for Prepared Food, Food Prepared at Home, and Food Away from Home." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 25, no. 2 (October 1996): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000784x.

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This study examines the effects of a wife's participation in the labor force and other socioeconomic factors on family expenditures for prepared food, food prepared at home, and food away from home using the Bureau of Labor Statistics 1992 consumer expenditure survey. On the one hand, results indicate that the number of children, home ownership with mortgage, seasonality, region, wife's age, and income are important determinants of expenditures on food prepared at home. A wife's education and participation in the labor force, on the other hand, affect expenditures on prepared food and food away from home. The impact of both these factors is greater on food away from home than on prepared food expenditures.

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Paterakis, Sophia E., and Michael Nelson. "A comparison between the National Food Survey and the Family Expenditure Survey food expenditure data." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 6 (September 2003): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003469.

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AbstractObjective:Household budget surveys (HBSs) have been used to assess nutritional information for epidemiological purposes. The agreement between this information and other comparable data needs to be examined. The aim of this project was to compare household food expenditure data between two British HBSs: the National Food Survey (NFS) and the Family Expenditure Survey (FES).Design:Household food expenditure data were compared between the NFS and the FES for the years from 1982 to 1993. Differences in expenditure were assessed by year, by household composition, by income group and by region; for trends across time for all households and for regional, household composition and income group variations.Setting:Great Britain.Subjects:Approximately 88 000 NFS households and 85 000 FES households surveyed between 1982 and 1993 were used in this analysis.Results:Marked differences between the food expenditure data provided by the two surveys were observed. Furthermore, differences in time trends were substantial, which can lead to different conclusions regarding changes in consumption patterns.Conclusions:There is no obvious reason for the differences in household food expenditure between the NFS and the FES. Methodological differences between the two surveys cannot provide a full explanation for these discrepancies. The NFS and FES are now merged into a single survey (the Expenditure and Food Survey). If HBSs are to be used for epidemiological purposes their validity needs to be established.

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Risky Malinda, Etti Sudaryati, and Evawany Aritonang. "Stunting and Household Food Expenditures between Junior High School Students from Smoker And Non-Smoker Families." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i1.193.

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Stunting is a linear growth failure due to insufficient long-term nutritional intake. The higher the proportion of household expenditure from total income, the lower the economic level of the family so it is at risk of food insecurity. This study aims to determine the differences in the proportion of stunting and household food expenditure between students from smokers and non-smokers families. This study was an observational study with a cross sectional design with a sample of 98 students from smokers 'families and 98 students from nonsmokers' families. Stunting data is obtained by measuring student height. Household food expenditure is obtained by comparing the total household expenditure spent on food with the total income earned during income. This study uses statistical analysis using the chi-square test. There was a difference in the proportion of stunting (p = <0.001) and the proportion of household food expenditure (p = <0.001) between smokers and non-smokers 'families where the proportion of stunting and household improvement was higher among smokers' families. The conclusion is there’re differences in the proportion of stunting and household food expenditure in students from smoker families and non-smoker families. Families should limit cigarette consumption and allocate appropriately in household food expenditures.

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Arora, R., R. U. Rahman, W. Joe, S. Bakhshi, V. Radhakrishnan, A. Mahajan, G. Chinnaswamy, et al. "Families of Children Newly Diagnosed With Cancer Incur Significant Out-of-Pocket Expenditure for Treatment: Report of a Multi-Site Prospective Longitudinal Study From India (INPOG-ACC-16-01)." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 74s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.42400.

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Background: Diagnosis of cancer in a child places considerable economic burden on families. The health expenditures are more catastrophic in resource limited countries like India where GDP spend on health is just over 1% and financing of treatment is usually out-of-pocket (OOP). Consequently parents may abandon their child's cancer treatment to ensure financial sustainability of the family. Research in this area is mostly from resource rich countries and OOP expenditure burden remains unknown in India. Aim: The objective of this study is to describe the OOP expenditure incurred by families of children (< 18 years age) with cancer being treated in India prior to and during cancer directed treatment. Methods: A prospective cost of illness study from a family household perspective was conducted in 14 centers (5 public, 5 private and 4 charitable trust sector) in 4 cities in India from 2016-2018. Baseline family demographic and socioeconomic data were collected followed by OOP expenditure incurred prior to start of treatment. For the duration of the child's treatment, a social worker contacted parents at regular intervals to record their expenditure on cancer directed treatment. Data collection was stopped when one of these happened - completion of treatment or death or progression/relapse or abandonment or transfer. Data were described descriptively and a univariate/multivariate analysis using logistic regression was done to detect factors associated with OOP expenditure. Results: 394 children (63% male, median age 5 years) with cancer (64% leukemia/lymphoma, 33% solid tumors, 3% CNS tumors) were enrolled from public (45%), charitable trust (28%) and private (27%) sector hospitals. They were symptomatic for a median duration of 6 weeks (range 0 to 104 weeks). 88% had no insurance and 73% were from families with monthly income of ≤ 10,000 rupees (≤ 159 US$). Mean OOP expenditure was Rs 209,500 (3325 US$) which is 195% of per capita income (1706 US$) of India. OOP expenditure from onset of symptoms to start of treatment was Rs 53,104 (843 US$) of which 77% was medical (15% laboratory tests, 11% medicines, 9% hospital bed costs) and 23% nonmedical (12% travel, 6% food, 3% lodging). OOP expenditure on cancer directed treatment was Rs 156,396 (2482 US$) of which 64% was medical (9% hospital bed costs, 9% supportive care drugs, 8% laboratory tests) and 36% nonmedical (19% food, 9% travel, 6% lodging). On univariate analysis age, gender, city, type of treatment facility, insurance, type of cancer, driving time and distance were significantly associated with OOP expenditure but only insurance and type of treatment facility were found significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Families of children with cancer incur significant OOP expenditure prior to and during cancer directed treatment, which includes a significant portion on nonmedical expenses. Expenditure varied significantly by insurance and type of treatment facility.

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Lee, Yong-Jae. "Family Income Inequality and Medical Care Expenditure In Korea." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 16, no. 8 (August 28, 2016): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2016.16.08.366.

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Hong, Gong-Soog, Jessie X. Fan, Lance Palmer, and Vibha Bhargava. "Leisure Travel Expenditure Patterns by Family Life Cycle Stages." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 18, no. 2 (September 5, 2005): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j073v18n02_02.

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Jae, Mie Kyung, Jeong Soon Ryu, and Mohamed Abdel-Ghany. "Family characteristics and convenience food expenditure in urban Korea." Journal of Consumer Studies & Home Economics 24, no. 4 (July 18, 2008): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2000.00156.x.

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Micklewright, John. "MALE UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE FAMILY EXPENDITURE SURVEY 1972-80*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 46, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1984.mp46001003.x.

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Zuvekas, Samuel H., and Thomas M. Selden. "Mental Health and Family Out-of-Pocket Expenditure Burdens." Medical Care Research and Review 67, no. 2 (September 22, 2009): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558709345499.

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Aydıner Boylu, Ayfer, and R. Günsel Terzioğlu. "Investigating the Effect of Working Wives on Family Expenditure." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 6, no. 3 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v06i03/42399.

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Jae, Mie Kyung, Jeong Soon Ryu, and Mohamed Abdel-Ghany. "Family characteristics and convenience food expenditure in urban Korea." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 24, no. 4 (December 2000): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2737.2000.00156.x.

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Hildenbrand, Werner, and Alois Kneip. "Family expenditure data, heteroscedasticity and the Law of Demand." Ricerche Economiche 47, no. 2 (June 1993): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-5054(93)90016-v.

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Prasetyoningrum, Fajar, Endang Siti Rahayu, and Sri Marwanti. "ANALISIS POLA KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA PETANI JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN." Agric 28, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2016.v28.i1.p41-54.

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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>This study aims to analyze the broad influence corn field to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district, analyze the effect of educational level the head of family to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district, analyze the effect of the number of family members to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district, analyze the effect the food and non food expenditure to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district. Locations were taken intentionally, in Grobogan district, because Grobogan district has the widest corn harvested area in the province of Central Java. Total population that taken in this study is 150 household of corn farmers who scattered in several regions in Grobogan. The sample is a fraction of the number and characteristics which is owned by the population. Samples were corn farmers, the number of samples taken is 60 corn farmers in Grobogan. The results showed that land area of corn gave positive effect on household income of corn farmers in Grobogan, the educational level of husband’s household insignificant, the number of household members has a positive influence on the level of household income, food expenditure had a negative but not significant to household income and non-food expenditures have a significant negative effect on the level of household income. The result of the calculation of the proportion of food consumption and the proportion of non-food consumption showed that the average total expenditure for average food expenditure per farmer per month amounted Rp. 1.023.611,00 while the non-food expenditure amounted Rp. 2.619.552,00.</p>

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Ma, Xiaochen, Ziyue Wang, and Xiaoyun Liu. "Progress on Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010 to 2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 4775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234775.

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Background: To provide an updated estimate of the level and change in catastrophic health expenditure in China and examine the association between catastrophic health expenditure and family net income, we obtained data from four waves of the China Family Panel Studies conducted between 2010 and 2016. Method: We defined catastrophic health expenditure as out-of-pocket payments equaling or exceeding 40% of the household’s capacity to pay. The Poisson regression with robust variance and generalized estimated equation (Poisson-GEE) model was used to quantify the level and change of catastrophic health expenditure, as well as the association between catastrophic heath expenditure and family net income. Result: Overall, the incidence of catastrophic expenditure in China experienced a 0.70-fold change between 2010 (12.57%) and 2016 (8.94%). The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) decreased more in the poorest income quintile than the richest income quintile (annual decrease of 1.17% vs. 0.24% in urban areas, p < 0.001; 1.64% vs. −0.02% in rural areas, p < 0.001). Every 100% increase in income was associated with a 14% relative-risk reduction in CHE (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.85–0.88) after adjusting for demographics, health needs, and health utilization characteristics; this association was weaker in recent years. Conclusion: Our analysis found that China made progress to reduce catastrophic health expenditure, especially for poorer groups. Income growth is strongly associated with this change.

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McGregor, Pat, and Dilip Nachane. "IDENTIFYING THE POOR: A COMPARISON OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE INDICATORS USING THE 1985 FAMILY EXPENDITURE SURVEY." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 57, no. 1 (February 1995): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1995.tb00030.x.

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Diyanti, Rizki Amalia Rahma, and Noven Suprayogi. "Manajemen Pendapatan, Manajemen Pengeluaran, Manajemen Impian dan Keinginan, Manajemen Surplus dan Defisit, serta Manajemen Dana berjaga-jaga Keluarga Muslim Nelayan Desa Puger, Kabupaten Jember." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 6, no. 7 (January 17, 2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20197pp1365-1384.

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This study aims to determine the financial management of Muslim families in the District Puger Jember. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach, this research is descriptive qualitative research with case study method where the research concentrates intensively on a particular object studied as a case, domain, data collection using interview, and observation. using analytical techniques Types of cultural themes. The unit of analysis in this research is income management, need management, dream and desire management, surplus and deficit management, and contingency management. Result obtained from this research, Fisherman Income Management is fisherman and non fisherman. Expenditures become: food expenditure, capital, and education spending. This expenditure is in accordance with what the fishermen want is to increase their productivity and their children to school. Allocation to surpluses, fishermen prefer to invest in gold and savings jewelry and as a contingency fund. In the deficit allocation, fishermen use strategies by reducing expenditure, increasing income, or owing.Keywords: management,finance, financial management, family finance

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Xiong, Jimin, Zhanfeng Tang, Yufeng Zhu, Kefeng Xu, Yanhong Yin, and Yang Xi. "Change of Consumption Behaviours in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Examining Residents’ Consumption Expenditure and Driving Determinants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179209.

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This study investigated changes of individuals’ consumption behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the driving determinants in consumption expenditure in Zhejiang China. Based on the 454 samples of survey data, which were collected in 2020 and 2021, it showed a reduction trend in consumption expenditure during the pandemic. Compared to the consumptions before the pandemic, money spent on housing, food, and beverage did not change too much. However, expenditures on wearing, recreation, and education reduced. Age, family size, and household income were significant to the expenditure changes. Online shopping became an important alternative way for residents during the pandemic and the trend is expected to continue even after the pandemic. Based on the findings, suggestions are summarized as two points. First, the young and single residents are the main group for recovering the consumption for wearing, recreation, education, and public transport. Meanwhile, to improve the satisfactions in online shopping, regulations should be issued by the government in improving the quality of goods and service.

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Supatminingsih, Tuti. "POLA DAN PERILAKU KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM DI KOTA MAKASSAR." DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 16, no. 2 (December 6, 2018): 307–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v16i2.645.

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This study discusses the pattern and behavior of household consumption in Islamic economic perspective in Makassar city. The results showed that the type of household consumption in Makassar City, dominated by expenditure for nonfood. Income, education, number of family members, number of family members, saving, credit, employment status of head of household simultaneously have a significant influence on household consumption expenditure in Makassar City. Household income, number of working family members, saving, and credit, partially have a significant effect on household consumption expenditure in Makassar City, whereas the education of head of household, the number of family member, occupation of head of household have influence which is insignificant to household consumption expenditure in Makassar City. The behavior of the family household consumption in Makassar City based on the perspective of Islamic economics, firstly, the purchase of food and non-food goods in line with the concept of needs, which is the need for more priority and has paid attention to the religious teachings of Islam; secondly, the mashlahah that is achieved with the fulfillment of food and non food needs is the acquisition of utility and blessing in consuming food and non food, thirdly, the benefits gained not only in the world but in the hereafter also, because in consumption expenditure there are still social aspects, such as zakat, infaqandsedakah, so that consumption activities that carried were based on religious values.

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Lubis, Firsty. "Analisis Pengaruh External Shock Terhadap Pengeluaran Konsumsi Masyarakat Indonesia." Jurnal REP (Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan) 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rep.v5i1.2014.

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Household consumption is differentiated by food and non-food consumption regardless of origin and limited to household expenditures, excluding consumption expenditures for business purposes or provided to other parties. The high risk of external shock experienced by the society in Indonesia were not supported by sufficient systems insurance and social security. This research employed panel data regression. The data used in the study is from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data covering: IFLS 4 (2007) dan IFLS 5 (2014) which sample covers 13 provinces in Indonesia (all provinces in Java, Bali, NTB, South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Sumatera and North Sumatera). This study aims to examine the effects of external shock covering including natural disasters and crop loss to the consumption level of Indonesian society. The results showed that there empirical evidence of the impact of natural disasters on food consumption expenditure in Indonesia, the empirical evidence is found significantly influenced the variables of crop loss on food household expenditure in Indonesia

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Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Julio César Montañez-Hernández, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Aremis Villalobos, Patricia Hernández-Peña, and Ileana Heredia-Pi. "Government Expenditure on Maternal Health and Family Planning Services for Adolescents in Mexico, 2003–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093097.

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The purpose of this study was to assess whether government policies to expand the coverage of maternal health and family planning (MHFP) services were benefiting the adolescents in need. To this end, we estimated government MHFP expenditure for 10- to 19-year-old adolescents without social security (SS) coverage between 2003 and 2015. We evaluated its evolution and distribution nationally and sub-nationally by level of marginalization, as well as its relationship with demand indicators. Using Jointpoint regressions, we estimated the average annual percent change (AAPC) nationally and among states. Expenditure for adolescents without SS coverage registered 15% for AAPC for the period 2003–2011 and was stable for the remaining years, with 88% of spending allocated to maternal health. Growth in MHFP expenditure reduced the ratio of spending by 13% among groups of states with greater/lesser marginalization; nonetheless, the poorest states continued to show the lowest levels of expenditure. Although adolescents without SS coverage benefited from greater MHFP expenditure as a consequence of health policies directed at achieving universal health coverage, gaps persisted in its distribution among states, since those with similar demand indicators exhibited different levels of expenditure. Further actions are required to improve resource allocation to disadvantaged states and to reinforce the use of FP services by adolescents.

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Misra, Sheuli, Srinivas Goli, Md Juel Rana, Abhishek Gautam, Nitin Datta, Priya Nanda, and Ravi Verma. "Family Welfare Expenditure, Contraceptive Use, Sources and Method-Mix in India." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179562.

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Making universal access to sexual and reproductive health care a reality, and thus building momentum for comprehensive family planning by 2030, is key for achieving sustainable development goals. However, in the last decade, India has been retreating from progress achieved in access to family planning. Family planning progress for a large country such as India is critical for achieving sustainable developmental goals. Against this backdrop, the paper investigated the question of how far family welfare expenditure affects contraceptive use, sources of contraceptive methods, and method-mix using triangulation of micro and macro data analyses. Our findings suggest that, except for female sterilizations, modern methods of contraception do not show a positive relationship with family welfare expenditure. Notwithstanding a rise in overall family welfare expenditure, spending on core family planning programs stagnates. State-wise and socio-economic heterogeneity in source-mix and method-mix continued to influence contraceptive access in India. Method-mix continued to skew towards female sterilization. Public sector access is helpful only for promoting female sterilization. Thus, the source-mix for modern contraceptives presents a clear public-private divide. Over time, access to all contraceptive methods by public sources declined while the private sector has failed to fill the gap. In conclusion, this study identified a need for revitalizing family planning programs to promote spacing methods in relatively lower-performing states and socio-economic groups to increase overall contraceptive access and use in India through the rise in core family planning expenditure.

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Cascaes, Andreia Morales, Maria Beatriz Junqueira de Camargo, Eduardo Dickie de Castilhos, Alexandre Emídio Ribeiro Silva, and Aluísio J. D. Barros. "Private dental insurance expenditure in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (February 26, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000340.

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OBJECTIVE: To quantify the household expenditure per capita and to estimate the percentage of Brazilian households that have spent with dental insurance. METHODS: We analyzed data from 55,970 households that participated in the research Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares in 2008–2009. We have analyzed the annual household expenditure per capita with dental insurance (business and private) according to the Brazilian states and the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the households (sex, age, race, and educational level of the head of the household, family income, and presence of an older adult in the household). RESULTS: Only 2.5% of Brazilian households have reported spending on dental insurance. The amount spent per capita amounted to R$5.10 on average, most of which consisted of private dental insurance (R$4.70). Among the characteristics of the household, higher educational level and income were associated with higher spending. São Paulo was the state with the highest household expenditure per capita (R$10.90) and with the highest prevalence of households with expenditures (4.6%), while Amazonas and Tocantins had the lowest values, in which both spent less than R$1.00 and had a prevalence of less than 0.1% of households, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small portion of the Brazilian households has dental insurance expenditure. The market for supplementary dentistry in oral health care covers a restricted portion of the Brazilian population.

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Pangkas, Johnny, M. Mizanur Rahman, and Raili Bin Suhaili. "Catastrophic health expenditure: a community-based study in Sarawak, Malaysia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 4182. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213516.

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Background: Accessing health services can lead to individuals having to pay catastrophic proportions of their available income and push many households into poverty. The aim of the study was to estimate the catastrophic health expenditure in respect of household expenditure and to determine the factors affecting it in Sarawak, Malaysia.Methods: We collected household expenses based on a recall period of one month through a face-to-face interview. We calculated the catastrophic health expenditure in terms of 10% of household expenditure and 40% of the capacity to pay. A binary logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure. Data analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 27.0. Results: The analysis revealed that one-quarter (25.7%) of the household expenditure was on food, equivalent to MYR 373.562, and 18.83% of the total household expenditure was on health (MYR 292.83). About two-fifths (37.4%) of the households had incurred catastrophic health expenditure on 10% of household consumption and 15.6% catastrophic health expenditure on 40% of household expenditure. Multivariate analysis with forward and backward linear regression methods revealed that age, gender, family size, socioeconomic status, and chronic illness appeared to be potential predictors of 10% catastrophic health expenditure (p<0.05). In contrast, socioeconomic status and level of education appeared to be potential predictors for 40% catastrophic health expenditure (p<0.05).Conclusions: Subsidised health care may not protect against the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure among the household in the lower socioeconomic status. Family size and age also could affect household catastrophic health expenditure.

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Rowland, Christine, Barbara Hanratty, Mark Pilling, Bernard van den Berg, and Gunn Grande. "The contributions of family care-givers at end of life: A national post-bereavement census survey of cancer carers’ hours of care and expenditures." Palliative Medicine 31, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216317690479.

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Background: Family members provide vital care at end of life, enabling patients to remain at home. Such informal care contributes significantly to the economy while supporting patients’ preferences and government policy. However, the value of care-givers’ contributions is often underestimated or overlooked in evaluations. Without information on the activities and expenditures involved in informal care-giving, it is impossible to provide an accurate assessment of carers’ contribution to end-of-life care. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions and expenditure of informal, family care-giving in end-of-life cancer care. Design: A national census survey of English cancer carers was conducted. Survey packs were mailed to 5271 people who registered the death of a relative to cancer during 1–16 May 2015. Data were collected on decedents’ health and situation, care support given, financial expenditure resulting from care, carer well-being and general background information. Results: In all, 1504 completed surveys were returned (28.5%). Over 90% of respondents reported spending time on care-giving in the last 3 months of the decedent’s life, contributing a median 69 h 30 min of care-giving each week. Those who reported details of expenditure (72.5%) spent a median £370 in the last 3 months of the decedent’s life. Conclusion: Carers contribute a great deal of time and money for day-to-day support and care of patients. This study has yielded a unique, population-level data set of end-of-life care-giving and future analyses will provide estimates of the economic value of family care-givers’ contributions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Family expenditure'

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