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1
Thompson, Mary Summers. "The social context of family planning policy in highland Chiapas, Mexico." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4587/.
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This thesis focuses on the concept of informed choice in family planning and how numerical and systematic targeting aimed at raising the numbers of contraceptive acceptors fundamentally undermines this concept in highland Chiapas. The Government of Mexico’s policy aims within its Reproductive Health Programme (1995-2000) are to reduce the total fertility rate whilst promoting reproductive health services and family planning choices. Though Mexico has seen a decline in its total fertility rate attributed to increased contraceptive use in urban areas, in rural parts the rate remains high. Consequently, the rural poor, and in Chiapas overwhelmingly indigenous populations, have become a major target of the Reproductive Health Programme. Monthly targets are set for clinics and family planning services are offered systematically every time a woman attends a clinic for whatever reason. Amongst the factors which must be accounted for in assessing family planning provision in highland Chiapas are cultural differences between mestizo providers and the indigenous target groups as well as local economic and political conditions. Presently, the state of Chiapas is highly militarised and under the cloud of a low intensity war precipitated by the Zapatista uprising in 1994. The provision of any kind of health services is difficult under these situations, but more so what one considers the distrust sown between some indigenous communities and the government Who provide the health services. This thesis examines the practicalities of implementing a global policy at a local level and the constraints faced by both providers and intended recipients in the social context of Los Altos. Mindful of the care required in identification most people in this thesis (with the exception of a few well-known academics) appear under pseudonyms.
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Luo, Jianguo, and n/a. "A communication analysis of China's family planning campaigns." University of Canberra. Communication, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060818.162031.
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In China, April 13, 1989 was marked as the "1.1 Billion Population Day."
Though it has become the first "demographic billionaire" in the world, China
has obtained remarkable results in population control. According to the
statement issued by China's National Bureau of Statistics in 1987, the
natural population growth rate dropped from 25.83 per thousand in 1970 to
11.28 per thousand in 1985. This has been viewed as an achievement not
previously seen in any other population.
In the past four decades, the Chinese government has adopted a population
policy to organize the fertility transition in a planned way through
education, motivation and persuasion. Five communication campaigns have been
instituted to implement the policy. The successive family planning campaigns
have played a vital role in educating and persuading individuals to accept
the new fertility norms advocated by the government.
In the communication processes of these campaigns, the strategies used have
changed from the media-oriented strategy of the first campaign, to the
introduction of an interpersonal approach in the second followed by an
integration of media, interpersonal and organisational communication in the
three latest campaigns.
The integration of the media and interpersonal communication approaches was
achieved through group discussion sessions and home visits, in which media
messages were mediated and interpreted as a reinforcement to media impact.
The group dynamics in the interpersonal communication has played an important
role in changing individuals' attitudes towards and behaviour of family
planning.
As a campaign is an organized activity which requires organizational channels
to ensure the conduct of the activity and the flow of information, a
well-established organization hierarchy for family planning work has
facilitated the management of family planning campaigns and also been
regarded as a fundemental element to the success of the later campaigns.
3
Blake, Sarah C. "From policy to practice: implementation of Georgia's Medicaid family planning waiver program." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47595.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the implementation of Georgia's Medicaid family planning program, known as Planning for Healthy Babies or P4HB. This program is the first such program to provide both family planning services and inter-pregnancy care services through a Medicaid expansion to low-income, uninsured women. An evaluative case study design was employed using mixed methods. These methods incorporated process measures to study the implementation of P4HB and to assess whether P4HB was implemented as planned We incorporated theory from the policy implementation and health care access literatures to understand what served as facilitators or barriers to successful implementation. Findings suggest that despite precise goals and objectives, formal guidance about the program did not incorporate clear implementation planning. Many stakeholders, including advocates, providers, and representatives from implementing agencies felt left out of the implementation process and did not feel invested in the program. Considerable confusion existed among eligible clients and providers about the nature and scope of the P4HB program. This lack of awareness and understanding about P4HB likely contributed to the program's low enrollment and participation in the first year of its implementation. As many states prepare to expand their Medicaid programs under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), this study provides important lessons for policy planning and implementation.
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Azzoni, Margherita <1995>. "From the one to the two-child policy: the policy-making process of China’s family planning reform." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16712.
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Since the Open Letter of 1980, identified as the starting point of China’s strict population control, the so-called “one-child policy” was characterized by variations and exceptions and, over the years, went through a long and gradual process of change. The four administrations from Deng Xiaoping till Xi Jinping carried on family planning with different approaches but in the spirit of continuity, without ever questioning its status of basic-state policy. In 2015, after 35 years of one-childization, a reform that allowed every couple to have two children was approved, marking a major change in the State’s ideology towards population.
The policy-making process that led to this decision has been punctuated by a lengthy debate among scholars and birth planning officials on the feasibility of a national openness to two children. Given the increased pluralization of the arena of debate, the process was analyzed using the theoretical framework of Fragmented Authoritarianism. I first described the bureaucratic structure of family planning apparatus, thereafter, defined the political entrepreneurs that shaped the process of change and, finally, compared the issue framing they used to make their thesis prevail in relation with the official narrative. The universal two-child policy was certainly influenced by the demographers’ work and the current situation of very low fertility, despite policy relaxation, confirmed the correctness of their thesis.
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Qin, Min. "Evolution of family planning policy and its impact on population change in China." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397640/.
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Wang, Jianglong. "Communicating the policy of "one child per family" in Shanghai an analysis of the family planning groups' communication strategies /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1989. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9015419.
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Bolin, Nicholas John. "Indian and American Demography, Expertise, and the Family Planning Consensus: 1930-1970." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95816.
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Indian population policy in the twentieth century was shaped by a blend of unique Indian concerns about population growth, legacies of British colonialism, and American foreign aid. This blend of influences resulted in the first national family planning program in the world.Master of Arts
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Zhu, Fangming. "The effects of family planning policy and socioeconomic development on fertility decline in China : 1945-1985." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 1990. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1342902.
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Montoya, Vivanvo Yván, Vásquez Julio Rodríguez, Nakandakari Pamela Morales, and Bertha Prado. "Sterilizations during the Alberto Fujimori’s government: family planning policy or intentional crimes and crimes against humanity?" IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122371.
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Given the unresolved status of the cases of victims of forced sterilizations during the government of Alberto Fujimori, this report aims to identify criterias of rationality from criminal doctrine and jurisprudence developed over the years, that will enable judicial officers to get a fair decision, consistent with a Constitutional Democracy, when determining criminal responsibility.Also, with the review of Salomon Lerner and Yvan Montoya, renowned lawyers defenders of human rights and knowledgeable in the subject.Ante la situación irresuelta de las denuncias de las victimas deesterilizaciones involuntarias durante el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori, el presente informe pretende identificar criterios de racionalidad provenientes de la doctrina y jurisprudencia penal que le permitan a los operadores judiciales obtener una decisión justa y acorde a una Democracia Constitucional, al momento de determinar la responsabilidad penal.Asimismo, se cuenta con los comentarios del Dr. Salomón Lerner y Dr. Yvan Montoya, reconocidos abogados defensores de los derechos humanos y entendidos en el tema.
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Qi, Yinghan. "A Second Child? No, Thank You! The Impact of Chinese Family Planning Policies on Fertility Decisions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/926.
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In 1979, the Chinese government introduced the One-child Policy for the purpose of controlling population growth. Thirty years later, the fertility rate in China has declined to a very low level and one-child families have become the norm. At the same time, the consequences of low fertility rates have emerged. In 2015, the government announced a new policy that encouraged couples to have two children in order to raise the total fertility rate. In this paper, I analyze the economic and legal implications of the Chinese family planning policies. By examining to what extent fertility decisions are affected by government policies, I evaluate the potential effects of the Two-child Policy. The findings suggest that the Two-child Policy might not be effective in increasing the total fertility rate.
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Osterday, Elyse Rene. "Government Policy and Total Fertility Rates: An Analysis of Germany in Stage Five of the Demographic Transition Model." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1383228026.
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Hou, Xueyuan 1983. "One-Child Families in Urban Dalian: A Case Study of the Consequences of Current Family Planning Practices in China." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9912.
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xi, 94 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Implemented as one of the basic national polices of China since 1978, the one-child policy has brought both advantages and disadvantages to one-child families in urban China. This thesis explores the various consequences of current family planning practices in urban Dalian. It explains the ways in which the implementation of the policy has influenced urban one-child families' everyday life and how parents and single children handle the policy. Urban parents have accepted the state requirement for limited births and have adopted new child-rearing practices to raise their "only hope" in the changing socioeconomic context. Single children receive comprehensive parental attention and support and are widely considered as spoiled "little emperors/empresses". But at the same time they experience great pressure to perform with academic excellence in order to be capable to excel in the competition of the global market economy. Gender norms are in transition. Urban single daughters are empowered by the benefits brought by low fertility produced by the policy. As the first generation of single children grows up, their families are now confronted with the crucial issue of the "four-two-one" (four grandparents, two parents, one child) problem, which impacts the future of the one-child policy.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Ina Asim, Chair; Dr. Kathie Carpenter; Dr. Alisa Freedman
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Sirirangsi, Rangsima. "Population Policy Implementation and Evaluation in Less Industrialized Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279258/.
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This study emphasizes the impact of family planning program components on contraceptive prevalence in less industrialized countries. Building on Lapham and Mauldin's "Program Effort and Fertility Decline" framework and policy evaluation's theory, the author developed two models to examine the impact of family planning programs on contraceptive prevalence and fertility under the constraints of socioeconomic development and demand for family planning. The study employed path analysis and multiple regression on data from the 1982 program effort study in 94 less developed countries (LDCs) by Lapham and Mauldin and 98 LDCs of the 1989 program effort study by Mauldin and Ross. The results of data analyses for all data sets are consistent for the most part. Major findings are as follows: (1) A combination of program effort and socioeconomic development best explains the variation of contraceptive prevalence. (2) Among socioeconomic variables, female literacy exerts the strongest direct and indirect influences to increase contraceptive prevalence and indirect influence to decrease total fertility rate. (3) Christianity performs a significant role in reducing contraceptive prevalence. (4) Among program effort components, availability and accessibility for fertility-control supplies and services have the most influence on contraceptive prevalence. (5) When controlling for demand for family planning, female literacy and Christianity have expected and significant relationships with contraceptive prevalence. Availability and accessibility to fertility-control supplies and services exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on contraceptive prevalence. Demand for family planning has a positive and statistically significant effect on program variables, availability, and contraceptive prevalence. (6) There is a strong inverse relationship between contraceptive use and fertility. Demand for family planning, program effort, and socioeconomic development influence fertility through contraceptive prevalence. The findings of this study suggest that governments in LDCs should give priorities to increasing female education and availability of contraception to effectively reduce fertility.
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Löfstedt, Petra. "Changing reproductive patterns in rural China the influence of policy and gender /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-554-2/.
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Steidel, Yaeko. "Rapists and Their Parental Relationships." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1242.
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This dissertation attempts to find out what associations exist between dysfunctional parental relationships in the childhood of rapists and the rapists' violent acts. It also briefly examines the sociocultural effects which nurture such relationships.
Rape, a crime very prevalent in our society today, is now perceived as an acute expression of men's contempt for and anger against women. The former interpretation of rape as primarily a sexually motivated crime is no longer popular. This dissertation attempts to trace the origin of the rapist's psyche from his dysfunctional parental relationships.
Rare data on rapist's family relations from a recent FBI survey on 41 serial rapists provided the empirical base for this dissertation. In order to enlarge the sample size for this dissertation, relevant information was extracted from an additional 31 rapists' case histories through content analysis and added to the FBI study. These 31 case histories were drawn from three different sources.
Information about the rapists' dominant parental figures and the rapists' positive and negative parental relationships were extracted and tabulated in three separate tables. Relevant information drawn from one additional source was also incorporated into the tables. These three tables were used to clarify the nature of the rapists' parental relationships.
In addition, 18 case histories selected from the 31 case histories mentioned above were analyzed in order to show, in more detail, the nature of the rapist's negative parental relationship and its role in the creation of the rapist psyche.
The combined result of the FBI study and the 31 case histories, the analysis of the 18 case histories, and information from other sources suggest a strong correlation between the rapists' negative parental relationships and their crime of rape. The data on the rapists were compared to survey responses by 41 imprisoned felons, not convicted of a sexual offense, and by 150 male university students. The comparison revealed important differences in the family relations of the rapists and the other two groups.
Our society's self-abusive, aspiritual cultural tendency was briefly examined as the basic influential force in creating negative parental relationships.
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Onasoga, Olayinka Abolore. "Challenges and barriers to adolescents' post-abortion care services: Implications for reproductive health policy in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6503.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe prevention of abortion related complications and mortality is dependent on the availability, accessibility and usability of emergency post-abortion care (PAC) throughout the health care system. Unfortunately, abortion is not legal in Nigeria and Nigerian women, especially adolescents, are often unable to obtain adequate post-abortion care services due to a variety of reasons. A review of literature shows that adolescent PAC patients receive worse care than older women seeking PAC services. There is widespread recognition of the need to overcome these barriers and make it easier for women to obtain the PAC services they need. Therefore, overall aim of this research study was to provide empirical information on the barriers and challenges to adolescents' PAC and develop a policy document to inform reproductive health services for Nigerian hospitals. To develop this policy document, the study specifically sought to assess knowledge of reproductive-health and related post-abortion care services among health care providers; describe the adolescents' perception of post-abortion care received; determine the service providers' perspectives on adolescents' post-abortion care challenges and barriers; analyze the challenges and barriers faced by adolescents in obtaining post-abortion care services; explore ways in which the knowledge about challenges and barriers to adolescents' post-abortion care can be used to inform policy; develop policy document and make recommendations in key areas to improved PAC services in Nigeria as part of working towards improving reproductive health services.
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Ferreira, Kathleen. "Actualizing Empowerment: Developing a Framework for Partnering with Families in System Level Service Planning and Delivery." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3103.
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The engagement of families of children and adolescents with Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED) as full partners in individual treatment, organizational, and system level decision making has become an important focus for systems of care (SOCs) serving youth with emotional and behavioral challenges. SOCs typically include cross-agency partnerships with mental health, child welfare, juvenile justice, and education for the purpose of providing services and supports for youth with SED who have multi-agency needs. Implementation of a federal mandate requiring family driven care (FDC) within systems of care funded through the Children's Mental Health Initiative (CMHI) has revealed that most system of care leaders recognize the value of families as full partners in decision making at all levels of the system, strive to have meaningful family involvement, but are challenged by how to successfully engage families in this process.
The purpose of this research study was to explicate more fully the roles of families by examining the structures, processes, and relationships characteristic of family involvement in system level service planning and delivery decisions within established system of care communities and to develop a framework that depicts how SOCs engage families in system level decision making. A qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) was conducted, using data collected through Case Studies of System Implementation, a five-year research study that used a multi-site embedded case study design to examine system of care development. Six well-functioning SOCs throughout the country participated in the original study. Team-based data collection from these sites included 307 system documents (e.g., state- and local-level reports; evaluation, grant and budget information; organizational charts), direct observations (41), and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (209), as well as stakeholder completion of 113 ratings exercises related to factors critical to system development and implementation. Interviews were conducted with policy makers, administrators, judges, service managers, direct care staff, families, and youth (>18) across all partner agencies within the SOC. Findings from the original study revealed not only information on system development but an emerging theme of the important role of families in planning and implementing the SOC.
A team-based QSA was conducted to more thoroughly examine how families are engaged in system level decision making. Findings reveal the necessity of an engaged, locally developed, autonomous family organization that is regarded as an equal system partner, and at least one system of care leader who promotes FDC. Also present are collaborative activities such as training and coaching, evaluation, and grant writing; and family organization activities such as capacity building of families and strategic outreach to system partners. The SOCs also demonstrate specific relationship-building activities and exhibit a shared value of FDC throughout the system. A framework was developed to depict implementation of FDC based on study findings. The framework was then modified based on data collected during focus groups conducted with Lead Family Contacts, Principal Investigators, and Project Directors from system of care communities currently funded through the CMHI. Research results yield specific structures, processes, relationships, and a foundational shared value for FDC that are present in systems of care that engage families as partners in system level decision making.
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Hoving, Kimberly M. "Mixed-Income Housing: Assumptions and Realities." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/313.
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Current Federal, State, and local San Francisco housing policy advocates mixed-income housing as a positive approach to creating living environments for low-income families. Strategies for creating mixed-income housing environments include large-scale public housing re-development efforts, inclusionary housing policies, and the use of discretionary funding for mixed-income development projects. Researchers agree that there is not yet enough evidence to support that mixed-income strategies are achieving positive results and have noted that the expected outcomes for mixed-income strategies are founded upon a number of assumptions. It is assumed that a mix of households at varying income levels will result in greater stability, improved access to services and resources, opportunities for social networking, and greater social control leading. This study addresses the root of these assumptions and presents findings regarding the perceived success of mixed-income development in realizing desired outcomes. Results are presented based on in-depth interviews with housing industry experts. This study aims to provide a clearer picture of why mixed-income development has gained popularity and how the strategy may be better understood and utilized in future housing development.
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Gularte, Edinéia Brunhera. "A política de desenvolvimento sustentável do território rural Sudoeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/27.
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The National Policy of Sustainable Development of Rural Territory PRONAT is a policy implemented by the Federal Government in 2013, it proposes the execution of a decentralizing model of development, based on the sustainability and in the territorial units, understood as wider areas than the municipalities and with historic and economic similarities. The PRONAT has recognized many territories throughout the country, because such territories would be the best planning and implementation unities from the initiative able to promote development. In light of this, our aim is analysing the current proposal on this policy through bibliographic studies and documents, and checking it through cases study, in the Territory of Southwest of Parana, the implementation of this initiative, as well, the operation and the articulation of the implemented actions on this territory form the study of three projects implemented by the managing group of Southwest Territory (GGETESPA). Through the analysis and data collection, it has been realized that such policy has been facing operational difficulties, and that the Territory of Southwest has created, a forum of discussion from this policy, however, the articulation and the implementation of such initiatives hold some fragilities, according to what has been shown in the current essay.
A Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais - PRONAT é uma política implantada pelo Governo Federal em 2003, propondo a efetivação de um modelo descentralizador de desenvolvimento, baseado na sustentabilidade e nas unidades territoriais, entendidas como áreas mais abrangentes que a escala municipal e que possuem semelhanças históricas e econômicas. O PRONAT reconheceu inúmeros territórios em todo o país, pois esses seriam as melhores unidades de planejamento e execução das iniciativas capazes de promover o desenvolvimento. Diante disso, nosso objetivo é analisar a proposta presente nessa política através de estudos bibliográficos e de documentos, e verificar através de estudo de caso, no Território Sudoeste do Paraná, a implantação dessa iniciativa, assim como o funcionamento e a articulação das ações executadas nesse território a partir do estudo de três projetos implantados pelo Grupo Gestor do Território do Sudoeste do Paraná (GGETESPA). Através da análise e da coleta de dados, percebemos que essa política enfrenta dificuldades principalmente operacionais e que o Território Sudoeste do Paraná criou, a partir dessa política, um espaço de debate entre as entidades atuantes na região, financiando vários projetos, no entanto, a articulação e a operacionalização dessas iniciativas possuem várias fragilidades, conforme demonstramos na presente dissertação.
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Vamos, Cheryl A. "Examining the Title X Family Planning Program’s (Public Law 91-572) Legislative History through a Feminist Lens: A Thematic Analysis and Oral Histories with Key Stakeholders in Florida." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/64.
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The Title X Family Planning Program (Public Law 91-572), enacted by President Richard Nixon in 1970, provides federal funds for voluntary, confidential family planning services to all women, regardless of their age or economic status. This federal legislation aspired to prevent unintended pregnancies and poor birth outcomes to those in most need. However, over the past three decades, Title X has faced political, financial and social challenges. Despite its enormous success in improving the health and well-being of women and children by decreasing unintended pregnancies, the need for abortions and providing key comprehensive preventive services, without a newfound political will similar to that during which it was conceived, the future of Title X may be in jeopardy.
This study grounded theoretically and methodologically in a feminist policy analysis approach, critically examined the maturation of Title X by employing a mixed methodology design that consisted of a thematic analysis on Title X's legislative history and the conduction and analysis of oral histories. In Phase I, themes were extracted from the federal bills included in Title X's legislative history, which assisted in the identification of the issues that this policy has endured. In Phase II, a semi-structured interview guide was developed based upon the themes and findings from the thematic analysis as well as from pre-determined constructs from McPhail's Feminist Policy Analysis Framework, to explore key informants' perceptions, recollections and experiences regarding the Title X program. By examining Title X through a feminist lens, various issues were exposed and critically examined, including issues that are typically ignored by traditional policy analyses. Moreover, understanding the historical underpinnings and evolutions of a policy and recognizing past failures and achievements are necessary in order to make informed future decisions. Implications for research, practice and policy are discussed.
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Khan, Roksana. "Public policy and private lives : women's experiences of familty planning in Bangladesh /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18426.pdf.
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Berg, Annika. "Den gränslösa hälsan : Signe och Axel Höjer, folkhälsan och expertisen." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100140.
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This dissertation investigates the mutual life project of Signe (1896-1988) and Axel Höjer (1890-1974), a married couple who were key actors in the construction of the Swedish welfare state. It emphasises the ways in which they went about asserting a special public health expertise in different contexts. As starting points I take the malleability of the concept folkhälsa (people’s health or population health) and the centrality of expertise in the governance of modern societies. Theoretical concepts such as gender, policy transfer, biopower and governmentality are central to the analysis. The dissertation includes three parts. The first part investigates how the Höjers agreed to coordinate their work and how they, with reference to ideas picked up in France and England at the end of World War I, attempted to reform mother and child health care in Sweden. Their strategies where rhetorical but also practical, using Hagalund outside Stockholm as their experimental ground. The second part investigates, firstly, how Axel Höjer, as General-Director of the Medical Board of Sweden (1935-52) asserted a sociomedical expertise, integrating the emerging social sciences and universalist views on the organisation of the welfare state into the realm of medicine, in order to launch ideas of a thorough reorganisation and expansion of the Swedish health care system. His focus was on preventive medicine and health care, with the complete physical, mental and social health of the whole population as an explicit goal. Secondly, it explores how Signe Höjer at the same time tried to launch ideas on health and wellbeing as a social politician and a public committee member. She also tried to define family policy as a specific policy area. However, despite her training as a nurse and a social worker, she was largely confined to asserting a particularly ”female” expertise, which made her position rather ambiguous in terms of authority. The third part investigates how the Höjers, in the 1950s and 60s, worked with international health, Axel mainly for the WHO in India and Ghana, Signe as a policy entrepreneur, primarily in the fields of childcare and family planning. My findings partly confirm theories that see development aid as an extension of domestic social policy, but they challenge the view of aid as a simple one-way process. I demonstrate how the Höjers at least tried to adapt their projects abroad to meet local circumstances, and also show how they brought lessons from the third world to a domestic public. In the latter case they did not primarily act as experts of Swedish-style social policy, but as experts on the developing countries and on development aid.
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Skořepová, Kateřina. "Dopady regulace porodnosti na růst čínské ekonomiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192543.
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Apart from rapid economic growth, China has also experienced significant demographic changes over the past few decades. The People's Republic of China's family planning policies led to a sharp drop in the fertility rate. This MS Thesis aims to assess the possible consequences of the family planning policies on future growth of Chinese economy. The theoretical part defines population policy, assess the connections between population growth and economic growth and deals with the development of population theory over the years. The analytical part describes the family planning policy in China, its principles and instruments. Next it identifies the possible consequences of the demographic changes caused by the drop in fertility rate. The last part of the thesis focuses on two economically most severe consequences - population ageing and shrinking working age population - and evaluates its implications on future growth of Chinese economy.
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Davis, G. Michael. "Exploring the Effects of Ex-Prisoner Reentry on Structural Factors in Disorganized Communities: Implications for Leadership Practice." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1415706403.
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González, López Greethel. "La religion et l’usage des méthodes contraceptives au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA029/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le rapport entre la fécondité et la religion. Dans une approchesociodémographique, cet ouvrage propose une analyse sur les comportements et les attitudes descouples catholiques face à la planification familiale. Nous nous proposons d’expliquer comment cescouples concilient leur foi avec la nécessité de contrôler les naissances, puis la manière dont ilsjustifient leur dépendance ou désobéissance à la doctrine et, enfin, nous montrerons comment lesnouvelles attitudes coexistent avec les modèles traditionnels. Par ailleurs, étant donné que le Mexiqueest un pays qui appartient à l’ensemble d’un contexte culturel traditionnel dont les principalescaractéristiques garantissent la prévalence des rapports inégalitaires de sexe et de dominationmasculine, il nous a paru important d’inclure dans notre recherche une perspective de genreThis thesis focuses on the relationship between fertility and religion. In a demographic approach, thisthesis provides an analysis on the behavior and attitudes of Catholic couples face of family planning. Itproposes to explain how they reconcile their faith with the need for birth control and how they justifytheir dependence or disobedience to the doctrine. Finally, one of our main objectives is to recognizethe procedures by which new attitudes coexist with traditional models. Moreover, given that Mexico isa country that belongs to the set of a traditional cultural context in which its main characteristicsguarantee the prevalence of unequal relations of sex and male domination, it was considered importantto include in our research a gender perspective
Esta tesis se centra en la relación entre la fecundidad y la religión. Desde una perspectivasociodemográfica, este trabajo ofrece un análisis sobre el comportamiento y las actitudes de las parejascatólicas frente a la planificación familiar. Lo que se propone es explicar cómo estas personas logranconciliar su fe con la necesidad de controlar la natalidad y la manera con qué justifican su conformidado su desobediencia a la doctrina. Finalmente, uno de nuestros principales objetivos es el de reconocerlos procedimientos por los cuales las nuevas actitudes coexisten con los modelos tradicionales. Porotro lado, dado que México es un país que pertenece al conjunto de un contexto tradicional en el quesus principales características garantizan la desigualdad de sexos y la dominación masculina, seconsideró importante incluir en nuestra investigación, una perspectiva de género
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Dudová, Zdena. "Penzijní systém ČLR: problémy a nutné reformy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193584.
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This thesis covers the development of pension schemes in the People's Republic of China from 1949 until now. The goal is to explain what is the structure of chinese pension schemes, why are the pension schemes divided between rural and urban areas and how are the migrant workers' pension schemes incorporated into the social security system. Furthermore the reforms and challenges of the current pension system are analysed as well as the linkage to the hukou reform and family planning reform.
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Gorczewski, Rafael de Freitas. "Desempenho da estratégia saúde da família em indicadores de saúde de municípios menores de 10.000 habitantes do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006-2010." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/77291.
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A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) é vista como meio capaz de garantir a expansão, qualificação e a consolidação da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Em dezembro de 2010 havia 31.660 equipes de Saúde da Família implantadas em 5.294 municípios, com uma cobertura populacional estimada em 52,2%. No Rio Grande do Sul (RS), no mesmo período, existiam 1.210 equipes em 420 municípios, com cobertura populacional estimada em 35,5%. Dos 271 municípios do país sem ESF, 76 (28%) localizam-se no RS e, destes, 53 (69,7%) possuíam menos de 10.000 habitantes. Apesar de 45% dos municípios do país apresentar população de até 10.000 habitantes, poucos estudos propuseram avaliar o desempenho da ESF nos mesmos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho visou analisar o desempenho da ESF em quatro indicadores de saúde, em municípios menores de 10.000 habitantes do RS. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, comparativo (grupo com ESF e grupo sem ESF) que analisou o desempenho do fator ESF para os desfechos: proporção de nascidos vivos de mães com sete ou mais consultas pré-natal, proporção de nascidos vivos de mães com nenhuma consulta de pré-natal, cobertura da vacina tetravalente em menores de um ano e razão de exames citopatológicos em mulheres de 25 a 59 anos, no período 2006 a 2010. Foram encontradas associações significativas do fator ESF com a proporção de nascidos vivos de mães com sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal e com a razão do exame citopatológico em mulheres de 25 a 59 anos. A variável “ano” não apresentou significância estatística apenas para o desfecho referente à proporção de nascidos vivos de mães com nenhuma consulta de pré-natal. Não foi encontrada associação significativa para nenhuma das variáveis dependentes para interação do fator ESF e ano. Em síntese, os resultados apontam uma maior efetividade das ações no grupo com ESF, porém novos estudos nesta área devem ser realizados a fim de produzir evidência quanto aos seus efeitos nos municípios de pequeno porte.The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is seen as a means capable of ensuring the expansion, consolidation and qualifying of primary health care in the country. In december 2010, there were 31.660 family health teams deployed in 5.294 cities, with a population coverage of around 52,2%. In State Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the same period, there were 1.210 teams in 420 cities, with population coverage estimated at 35,5%. Of the 271 cities in the country without FHS, 76 (28%) are located in the RS and of these, 53 (69,7%) had less than 10.000 habitants. Although 45% of the country's cities present population of up to 10.000 habitants, few studies assessing the performance of FHS were proposed in these cities. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the performance of FHS on four health indicators in cities under 10.000 habitants of RS. This is an ecological study, comparative (FHS group and group without FHS) which analyzed the performance of FHS factor in the following outcomes: proportion of live births of mothers with seven or more antenatal care visits, proportion of live births of mothers with no antenatal care visit, DPT+Hib vaccination coverage in children under 1 year old, and coverage of cervical cancer screening in women from 25 to 59 years old, in the period from 2006 to 2010. Significant associations were found between the FHS factor and the proportion of live births with seven or more antenatal care visits, and between FHS factor and the coverage of cervical cancer screening in women 25 to 59 years old. The variable "year" not statistically significant only for the outcome concerning the proportion of live births to mothers with no antenatal care visit. No significant association was found for any of the dependent variables for the interaction ESF factor and year. In summary the results show a greater effectiveness of the actions in the group with FHS, but further studies in this area should be conducted to produce evidence as to its effects in small cities.
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Griffith, Gillian J. "Contraceptive Utilization and Downstream Feto-Maternal Outcomes for Women with Substance Use Disorders: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/824.
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Background: One in ten people in the U.S. are affected by a substance use disorder (SUD), roughly one third of whom are women. Rates of unintended pregnancy are higher in this population than in the general public. Little is understood about how women with SUD use prescription contraception and think about pregnancy.
Methods: By analyzing Medicaid claims data and conducting qualitative interviews with women with SUD, this doctoral thesis seeks to: 1) compare any use of and consistent, continued coverage by prescription contraceptives between women with and without SUD; 2) determine the extent to which SUD is associated with pregnancy, abortion, and adverse feto-maternal outcomes in women who use prescription contraception; and 3) explore facilitators of and barriers to contraceptive utilization by women with SUD, using qualitative interviews.
Results: Compared to women without SUD, women with SUD are less likely to use any prescription contraceptive, particularly long-acting reversible methods. Among women who do use long-acting methods, SUD is associated with less continued, consistent coverage by a prescription contraceptive. Among women who use contraception, SUD is also associated with increased odds of abortion. When interviewed, women with SUD report fatalistic attitudes towards pregnancy planning, and have difficulty conceptualizing how susceptibility to pregnancy may change over time. Women with SUD also report that pregnancy has substantial impact on their drug treatment prospects.
Conclusions: This study is the first to examine contraceptive utilization by women with SUD who are enrolled in Medicaid or state-subsidized insurance. Our study may help to inform clinical practice and policy development to improve the reproductive health and wellbeing of women with SUD.
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Griffith, Gillian J. "Contraceptive Utilization and Downstream Feto-Maternal Outcomes for Women with Substance Use Disorders: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/824.
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Background: One in ten people in the U.S. are affected by a substance use disorder (SUD), roughly one third of whom are women. Rates of unintended pregnancy are higher in this population than in the general public. Little is understood about how women with SUD use prescription contraception and think about pregnancy.
Methods: By analyzing Medicaid claims data and conducting qualitative interviews with women with SUD, this doctoral thesis seeks to: 1) compare any use of and consistent, continued coverage by prescription contraceptives between women with and without SUD; 2) determine the extent to which SUD is associated with pregnancy, abortion, and adverse feto-maternal outcomes in women who use prescription contraception; and 3) explore facilitators of and barriers to contraceptive utilization by women with SUD, using qualitative interviews.
Results: Compared to women without SUD, women with SUD are less likely to use any prescription contraceptive, particularly long-acting reversible methods. Among women who do use long-acting methods, SUD is associated with less continued, consistent coverage by a prescription contraceptive. Among women who use contraception, SUD is also associated with increased odds of abortion. When interviewed, women with SUD report fatalistic attitudes towards pregnancy planning, and have difficulty conceptualizing how susceptibility to pregnancy may change over time. Women with SUD also report that pregnancy has substantial impact on their drug treatment prospects.
Conclusions: This study is the first to examine contraceptive utilization by women with SUD who are enrolled in Medicaid or state-subsidized insurance. Our study may help to inform clinical practice and policy development to improve the reproductive health and wellbeing of women with SUD.
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Bhering, Marcos Jungmann. "Controle de natalidade no Brasil: um estudo sobre o Centro de Pesquisas e Assistência Integral à Mulher e à Criança (1975-1994)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. http://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/16225.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Esta tese tem como foco o Centro de Pesquisas e Atenção Integral à Mulher e à Criança. O recorte temporal se inicia em 1975, ano de início efetivo do CPAIMC, e finaliza em 1994, ano do seu fechamento. Envolto em polêmicas, acusado de realizar esterilizações em massa em populações pobres da cidade, alvo de uma Comissão Parlamentar Mista de Inquérito pelo poder legislativo federal e com dificuldades financeiras, fechou suas portas em 1994. Criado por Hélio Aguinaga junto ao Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, defendo a hipótese de que o CPAIMC se caracterizou como um espaço ambivalente em que postulados de atenção primária em saúde, integralidade e atendimento às populações marginalizadas conviviam com um projeto de controle populacional sob influência de entidades internacionais envolvidas com projetos de controle demográfico, principais financiadoras de suas atividades. Inicialmente, abordo a constituição da percepção de que o mundo passava por excesso populacional e a organização de entidades internacionais engajadas em frear o crescimento populacional dos países do chamado terceiro mundo. Em seguida, analiso a recepção dessa tese dentro do Brasil a partir de alguns setores sociais, como economistas, a Igreja e, em especial, médicos ginecologistas obstetras. O segundo capítulo trata da estrutura de funcionamento e do financiamento do CPAIMC, assim como o seu ocaso. O terceiro capítulo trata dos fundamentos ideológicos que justificavam a existência do CPAIMC, tendo como foco a figura de Hélio Aguinaga, seu diretor-geral. Por fim, abordo os movimentos de oposição ao projeto do CPAIMC, a já referida CPMI no início da década de 1990 e que culminaram na criação da Lei de Planejamento Familiar em 1996.
This thesis focuses on the Centre for Research and Integral Care for Women and Children (Centro de Pesquisas e Atenção Integral à Mulher e à Criança - CPAIMC).The time frame of this research begins in 1975, year of effective beginning of CPAIMC’s activities, and ends in 1994. Involved in controversies, accused of mass sterilization of poor women of Rio de Janeiro, target of a Mixed Parliamentary Commission of Enquiry (CPMI) by the Federal Legislative Power and facing financial troubles, closed its doors in 1994. Created by Hélio Aguinaga next to Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s St. Francis Hospital (Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), I support the hypothesis that CPAIMC was a ambivalent institution in which postulates like primary health care, integral health and attention to marginalized communities coexisted with a population control orientation, under influence of international agencies, involved in demographic control projects and major funder of CPAIMC. Initially I focus on how the world started to perceive by overpopulation, especially by the end of World War II and how international agencies engaged themselves in limit the population growth of Third World countries. Then, I analyze the reception of this engagement in Brazil by a series of important social actors, such as economists, Catholic Church and, specially, obstetrics and gynecology doctors. The second chapter addresses the CPAIMC’s operational a financial structure, as well as its collapse. The third chapter deals with the ideological basis that justified the existence of CPAIMC, focusing on the figure of Hélio Aguinaga, its general-director. I finalize the thesis by focusing the opposition movements against CPAIMCs activities and the CPMI in the beginning of the 1990’s that culminated on the creation of the Family Planning Law in 1996.
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Brooks-Turner, Brenda Elaine. "Exploring the Coping Strategies of Female Urban High School Seniors on Academic Successes as it Relates to Bullying." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1464707583.
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Hoare, Sarah. "Understanding end-of-life admissions : an interview study of patients admitted to a large English hospital shortly before death." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275055.
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Hospital admissions for patients close to the end of life are considered ‘inappropriate’ in contemporary English health policy. Hospitals are supposedly unable to offer a ‘good’ death for patients, and dying there is thought to contradict patient choice, since patients are assumed to want to die at home. However, almost half of all deaths in England in 2015 occurred in hospital, and of these, nearly a third died within three days of admission. This thesis seeks to explore why these admissions are considered to be a problem and how they occur. Through a systematic review of UK literature I found that it cannot be stated that most patients want to die at home, because of the extent of missing data (preferences not asked, expressed, reported or absent). This finding challenges the justification that admissions are inappropriate because they contravene patient choice. Similarly inconclusive evidence about the undesirability, cost, and lack of need for patients to be in hospital were also found in a review of policy. Together with analysis of historical trends in hospital and hospice provision, it is apparent that attitudes towards end-of-life admissions reflect existing tensions about the role of hospital as an acute provider, and as a place of death. An analysis of interviews conducted with healthcare staff and next-of-kin involved in the admission of patients (case-patients) who died shortly after being admitted to Meadowbridge, a large English hospital explored these tensions further. I found that whilst hospital was not recognised as a place where ‘good’ deaths typically occurred, it was acknowledged as an emergency place of care. In this context, patients without obvious need for hospital care were nevertheless admitted to the hospital and the environment was subsequently recognised to offer distinct benefits. The need for emergency care reflected the difficulties of providing end-of-life care in the community. For dying to occur appropriately, home had to be adapted and care organised by healthcare staff. Both tasks were complicated by the unpredictability of dying, and family carers helped to absorb much of the uncertainty and support patients to die at home. Ambulance staff became involved when patients had care needs that exceeded care quickly and easily available in the community. When called to the case-patients, ambulance staff instituted familiar practices in transferring them to hospital. Hospital was recognised as a default place of care because ambulance staff struggled to facilitate alternative care and lacked sufficient professional authority to keep patients at home. The admissions of the case-patients represent the best attempts of staff to navigate the tangled practices of end-of-life care. These practices are the result of the actions of the staff, which in turn both constrained and enabled their action in providing care to patients. The term ‘inappropriate’ to describe admissions does not encompass these attempts, and moreover, devalued the significant care provided by healthcare staff in the community and hospital.
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Briney, Carol E. "My Journey with Prisoners: Perceptions, Observations and Opinions." Kent State University Liberal Studies Essays / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373151648.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes November 6, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626195.
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Pathak, Ram Sharan. "Government family planning program efforts in Nepal : an evaluation." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144379.
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Blake, Sarah. "From Policy to Practice: Implementation of Georgia's Medicaid Family Planning Waiver Program." 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/47.
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From Policy to Practice:
Implementation of Georgia’s Medicaid Family Planning Waiver Program
Sarah C. Blake, MA
282 pages
Directed by Dr. John Thomas
The purpose of this research was to examine the implementation of Georgia’s Medicaid family planning program, known as Planning for Healthy Babies® or P4HB®. This program is the first such program to provide both family planning services and inter-pregnancy care services through a Medicaid expansion to low-income, uninsured women. An evaluative case study design was employed using mixed methods. These methods incorporated process measures to study the implementation of P4HB® and to assess whether P4HB® was implemented as planned We incorporated theory from the policy implementation and health care access literatures to understand what served as facilitators or barriers to successful implementation. Findings suggest that despite precise goals and objectives, formal guidance about the program did not incorporate clear implementation planning. Many stakeholders, including advocates, providers, and representatives from implementing agencies felt left out of the implementation process and did not feel invested in the program. Considerable confusion existed among eligible clients and providers about the nature and scope of the P4HB® program. This lack of awareness and understanding about P4HB® likely contributed to the program’s low enrollment and participation in the first year of its implementation. As many states prepare to expand their Medicaid programs under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), this study provides important lessons for policy planning and implementation.
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Liu, Hai-Ping, and 劉海平. "A Study on Single-Parent Foreign Spouses’ Family Problems and Policy Planning." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76275467924149829429.
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碩士東吳大學
社會學系
92
【Abstract】 The aim of this study is to explore major problems and needs of family for single-parent foreign spouses from their life course in Taiwan. In addition, the operation process of scheme to implement family policy for them will be discussed as well. The data will be collected through qualitative method. The semi-structured interview guidelines are determined in advance, and then a in-depth interview will be conducted based on the sample size of six single-parent foreign spouses. Through this study, the finding result can contribute to ultimately assist single-parent foreign spouses to eliminate labeling and stigma, give them basic life needs and opportunities of social participation, prevent them from social problems as well as melt them into current society.
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Siagian, Sihar Wilford. "Family planning activities over the course of crisis in Indonesia, 1997-2000." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151762.
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"Publicly Funded Family Planning in Arizona, 1940–2017." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49009.
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abstract: Nearly seven decades ago, the US government established grants to the states for family planning and acknowledged the importance of enabling all women to plan and space their pregnancies, regardless of personal income. Since then, publicly-funded family planning services have empowered millions of women, men, and adolescents to achieve their childbearing goals. Despite the recognized importance of subsidized family planning, services remain funded in a piecemeal fashion. Since the 1940s there have been numerous federal funding sources for family planning, including the Title V Maternal and Child Health Services Program, Office of Economic Opportunity grants, Title XX Social Services Program, Title X Family Planning Program, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, alongside state and local support. Spending guidelines allow states varying degrees of flexibility regarding allocation, to best serve the local population. With nearly two billion dollars spent annually on subsidized family planning, criticism often arises surrounding effective local program spending and state politics influencing grant allocation. Political tension regarding the amount of control states should have in managing federal funding is exacerbated in the context of family planning, which has become increasingly controversial among social conservatives in the twenty-first century. This thesis examines how Arizona’s political, geographic, cultural, and ethnic landscape shaped the state management of federal family planning funding since the early twentieth century. Using an extensive literature review, archival research, and oral history interviews, this thesis demonstrates the unique way Arizona state agencies and nonprofits collaborated to maximize the use of federal family planning grants, effectively reaching the most residents possible. That partnership allowed Arizona providers to reduce geographic barriers to family planning in a rural, frontier state. The social and political history surrounding the use of federal family planning funds in Arizona demonstrates the important role states have in efficient, effective, and equitable state implementation of national resources in successfully reaching local populations. The contextualization of government funding of family planning provides insight into recent attempts to defund abortion providers like Planned Parenthood, cut the Title X Family Planning Program, and restructure Medicaid in the twenty-first century.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2018
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Nayak, Satyam Franzini Luisa Morrison Alanna. "An overview of China's one child policy and health consequences on society." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.www5.sph.uth.tmc.edu:2048/pqdweb?did=1564033961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=92&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Zhang, Zhuo, and 張卓. "The Gender Gap in Chinese Educational Attainment: An Analysis of Economic Development and Family Planning Policy." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36hj26.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
106
This study uses the OLS model, the DID model and the DIDID model to analyze the impacts of economic development and family plan policy on the gender gap of educational attainment in Chinese. Descriptive statistical and empirical analyses of the data from CHIP2013 show that, in terms of years of schooling, the gender gap has generally diminished, but both the urban-rural gap and the regional gap have increased in younger cohorts. Not only that, the rural hukou has negative asymmetric impact on women’s educational attainment, that is, the gender gap in rural areas is greater than that in urban areas, and the asymmetric impact has expanded in younger cohorts. Coincidentally, there is an increasingly negative asymmetric effect of the underdeveloped regional hukou on women’s educational attainment. In addition, family planning policy has increased residents’ educational attainment, but it cannot reduce the gender gap which has been closed in urban area, for urban residents have lower fertility rate and more resources since the 1950s so that the diminishing gender gap in overall education attainment resulted mainly from urban residents. The educational gap has been mainly influenced by economic development that has made the rural hukou and the underdeveloped regional hukou exert more asymmetric effects on women’s educational attainment. According to the results, this paper recommends that the government start with comprehensive approaches to be taken on systems, economy, cultural life, and education policies to fundamentally promote the equality of education.
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ZHANG, Ping. "Women's rights protection and "one-child policy" in China." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26218.
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Award date: May 2009Supervisor: P.M. Dupuy
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis focuses on China’s women’s rights protection and analyzes China’s human rights practices in the past 30 years, especially family planning policy, which is the most controversial human rights issue of China. Why are the theories on this problem quite different between China and western world? The key task of this thesis is to answer this question. Also, this paper is to find out how the difference of human rights value and culture has influenced current human rights practices in different countries. Universal human rights have become the necessary foundation to make international and domestic affairs legal in politics, reasonable in law and correct in morality. The theories of universal human rights start with human basic dignity and value and can be divided into the universality of human rights value, universality of the object of human rights and the universality of human rights standard. Universal human rights should be based on the transcendental similarity of human nature and limited to the theory of rational cultural relativity. Human rights have taken up the heartland of international and domestic transactions but haven’t been defined by international and domestic human rights field in one unified way. In Chinese ancient mainstream and orthodox consciousness—Confucianism, there are many people-oriented principles. Chinese gorgeous ancient culture has its unique emphasis on human rights. In the humanitarianism tradition in Chinese Confucian culture represented by Confucius, the attitudes such as “treating people with kindheartedness”, “others first”, “if you want to stand stably, you must make others stand stably first; if you want to be best, you must make others best first”, “don’t impose your own personal views to others”. These all include unique attitudes of human rights. The core value in western culture is individualism and its view of human rights typically reflects this, but in China the value is collectivism, also this view reflects China’s current human rights practices. From the different views of human rights value, we can find out different results of the this problem. This thesis is try to utilize the comparative methodology to analyze China’s current human rights protection especially women’s rights protection, try to find out the gap between that of developed countries and China and try to give some advice for Chinese government on human rights protection.
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Carey, Kristen. "Population management: the origins, implementation, and breakdown of localized population policy in Tanzania (1948-1999)." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41302.
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Panic over human population growth became a near-global phenomenon in the second half of the twentieth century. International networks encouraged governments to adopt population control methodologies that used state power and national policy to incentivize, and sometimes coerce, lower fertility rates. By the end of the century, the failures and draconian nature of population control led to a rebuke of broad demographic interventions. Population policy shifted toward a reproductive rights framework that privileged individual prerogative over any national agenda. My research introduces a conceptual middle ground that allows for coordinated state programming in the face of undesirable demographic trajectories, while also upholding a spectrum of individual liberty – what I call “population management.”
The model for population management is not hypothetical, but materialized in Tanzania during the Ujamaa era that lasted roughly two decades from 1967 to 1986. Through robust leadership, a sense of imagined kinship, moral nuance, and an active policymaking coalition, Tanzania nurtured an approach to changing demographics that centered population within its broader postcolonial development project. Population management encouraged reciprocal state and community action to assuage problems brought on by an increasing population, including education reforms, diversified family planning, and public health campaigns. The flexible concept of “responsible parenthood” kept varying groups of government actors, religious authorities, women’s organizations, community leaders, and health practitioners on the same page, as their multiplicity of lived experience helped define and inform policy.
Tanzania’s population management agenda reframes the historical narrative away from a binary of state control versus individual rights, and provides a model for future policymaking. Combating the attendant problems of population change requires broad networks working together, which makes collaboration and flexibility key to maintaining collective action. As global demographic agendas diverge with rapid population growth in regions of Africa and depopulation in high-income countries, governments will need to adopt contextualized population policies that acknowledge unique historical, personal, and local sensitivities.2022-07-15T00:00:00Z
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Waite, Jaclyn Alicia. "Are We There Yet? Parent's Perceptions of Risk Associated with Family Vacations." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4311.
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The study explored risk perceptions and novelty dimensions associated with family vacations. In particular, the study focused on households containing married or common law partners, blended families, single parents and same-sex partners, with at least one child aged twelve years old or younger, located in one of the Region of Waterloo’s three cities, encompassing Kitchener, Waterloo, and Cambridge, Ontario. The research explored whether novelty or familiarity of a vacation destination affected the level of risk perceived as well as the locus of control. Additionally the research focused on particular aspects of the family vacation including the decision making process and the stage of the family life cycle in which respondents are categorized, having either younger or older children, affected the decision making process. Lastly, the study looked at external sources of information including family and/or friends, other sources of information, prior experience at the destination, if applicable, and the distance traveled, borders crossed and transportation utilized.
Families in each specified area were initially accessed through five direct contacts and an associated snowball sampling method. A revised data collection method was utilized part way through the study being distribution at a recreation centre within the Region. Respondents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire containing questions relating to their last family vacation, preferences for novelty/familiarity, locus of control orientation, degree of risk perception agreement or disagreement and basic sociodemographic characteristics.
Data were reduced to minimize complexity through a series of factor analyses through the use of components analysis. It involved taking salient items and factoring them together based on the conceptual fit within each loading having eight components created. T-tests and analyses of variance were utilized to further univariate relationships between variables of interest. Relationships between perceived risk, gender and prior experience were non-significant (p > .05) whereas family life cycle, level of education, crossing an international border, and total distance traveled had a significant effect on risk perceptions (p < .05) and were included in stepwise regression analyses.
The present study complemented emerging literature suggesting that parents with older children attributing greater risks as associated with creating memories. There was less support for extant research indicating that families with younger children are more likely to associate as many risks with travel. Similarly, preference for novelty/familiarity was found to not have a significant effect on respondents’ risk perceptions yet certain external sources of information (e.g., friends/family, travel agents) played a large role in the level of risk perceptions.
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Maseko, Busani. "The impact of family language policy (FLP) on the conservation of minority languages in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22166.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the impact of Family Language Policy (FLP) on the conservation of minority languages in Zimbabwe. Family language policy is a newly emerging sub field of language planning and policy which focuses on the explicit and overt planning in relation to language use within the home among family members. The study is therefore predicated on the view that the conservation of any minority language largely depends on intergenerational transmission of the particular language. Intergenerational transmission is dependent in part, on the language practices in the home and therefore on family language policy. To understand the nature, practice and negotiation of family language policy in the context of minority language conservation, the study focuses on the perspectives of a sample of 34 L1 Kalanga parents and 28 L1 Tonga parents, who form the main target population. In this study, parents are considered to be the ‘authorities’ within the family, who have the capacity to articulate and influence language use and language practices. Also included in this study are the perspectives of language and culture associations representing minority languages regarding their role in the conservation of minority languages at the micro community level. Representatives of Kalanga Language and Cultural Development Association (KLCDA), Tonga Language and Culture Committee (TOLACCO) as well Zimbabwe Indigenous Languages Promotion Association (ZILPA) were targeted.
This research takes on a qualitative approach. Methodologically, the study deployed the interview as the main data collection tool. Semi structured interviews were conducted with L1 Kalanga and L1 Tonga parents while unstructured interviews were conducted with the representatives of language and culture associations. This study deploys the language management theory and the reversing language shift theory as the analytical lenses that enable the study to understand the mechanics of family language policy and their impact on intergenerational transmission of minority languages in Zimbabwe. Language management theory allows for the extendibility of the tenets of language policy into the family domain and specifically affords the study to explore the dialectics of parental language ideologies and family language practices in the context of minority language conservation in Zimbabwe. The reversing language shift theory also emphasises the importance of the home domain in facilitating intergenerational transmission of minority languages.
Findings of the study demonstrate that family language policy is an important aspect in intergenerational transmission of minority languages, itself a nuanced and muddled process. The research demonstrates that there is a correlation between parental language ideologies and parental disposition to articulate and persue a particular kind of family language policy. In particular, the study identified a pro-minority home language and pro- bilingual family language policies as the major parental language ideologies driving family language policies. However, the research reveals that parental language ideologies and parental explicitly articulated family language polices alone do not guarantee intergenerational transmission of minority languages, although they are very pertinent. This, as the study argues, is because family language policy is not immune to external language practices such as the school language policy or the wider language policy at the macro state level. Despite parents being the main articulators of family language policy, the study found out that in some instances, parental ideologies do not usually coincide with children’s practices. The mismatch between parental preferences and their children’s language practices at home are a reproduction, in the home, of extra familial language practices. This impacts family language practices by informing the child resistant agency to parental family language policy, leading to a renegotiation of family language policy. The research also demonstrates that parents, especially those with high impact beliefs are disposed to take active steps, or to employ language management strategies to realise their desired language practices in the home. The study demonstrates that these parental strategies may succeed in part, particularly when complemented by an enabling sociolinguistic environment beyond the home. The articulation of a pro-Tonga only family language policy was reproduced in the children’s language practices, while the preference for a pro- bilingual family language policy by the majority L1 Kalanga parents was snubbed for a predominantly Ndebele-only practice by their children. In most cases, the research found out that language use in formal domains impacted on the success of FLP. Tonga is widely taught in Schools within Binga districts while Kalanga is not as widespread in Bulilima and Mangwe schools. Ndebele is the most widespread language in Bulilima and Mangwe schools. As such; children of L1 Kalanga parents tend to evaluate Kalanga negatively while having positive associations with Ndebele. All these language practices are deemed to impact on family language policy and therefore on intergenerational transmission of minority languages in Zimbabwe. The desire by parents for the upward mobility of children results in them capitulating to the wider socio political reality and therefore to the demands of their children in terms of language use in the home.
The study therefore concludes that family language policy is an important frontier in the fight against language shift and language endangerment, given the importance of the home in intergenerational transmission of minority languages. The study therefore implores future research to focus on this very important but largely unresearched sub field of language policy. The study observes that most researches have focused on the activities of larger state institutions and organisations and how they impact on minority language conservation, to the detriment of the uncontestable fact that the survival of any language depends on the active use of the language by the speakers. The research also recommends that future practice of language policy should not attempt to promote minority languages by discouraging the use of other majority languages, but rather, speakers should embrace bilingualism as a benefit and a resource and not as a liability. The interaction between the top down state language policy and the bottom up micro family language policy should be acknowledged and exploited, in such a way that the two can be deployed as complementary approaches in minority language conservation.Linguistics and Modern Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (Languages, Linguistics and Literature)
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Dube, Charmaine Cindile. "Exploring women's perceptions on the use of the female condom among female attendees at an inner-city family planning clinic in Durban, South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6819.
Full textAbstract:
This research study seeks to explore perceptions of family planning clients towards the female
condom, as well as examine factors that facilitate or inhibit the use of the device by women of
different age groups. The study targets women aged 18-35 who attend the Commercial City
Clinic located in Durban, South Africa. This study targets this group since they fall in the
category of those most besieged by HIV, hence the need for protection against infection. While
most research on condom use has focused the technicalities of barriers prevention methods,
relatively less is known about attitudes, motivation and strategies employed by users or would-be
users.
Although Femidom has been widely accepted as an effective method in STI and pregnancy
prevention, nevertheless its usefulness is hampered by a number of factors. Factors range from
partner’s objection; men’s negative attitude to use of the device; refusal to use any condom
during sex; distrust of the method by male partner; Femidom insertion difficulties in women;
reduced sexual sensation for some women when the device is in use; and preference of a discreet
method by women not requiring permission by the male sexual counterpart to use the female
condom
While this study acknowledges that the female condom is an imperfect technology, nevertheless,
ways need to be found on how to raise its acceptability. Such a measure is necessary since the
female-controlled HIV prevention device has great potential if better marketed and distributed.
However, that potential can only be realized if women’s vulnerabilities in the biological, cultural,
economic and social domains are addressed. In so doing, this would enable women to gain
greater control over their sexual health and also empower them in sexual relationships, thus
bettering their lot than is the case at present.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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Hijazi, Heba Hesham. "Factors affecting contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in northern Jordan : a framework for health policy action." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29089.
Full textAbstract:
Jordan has a higher fertility rate (3.8) than the averages of countries similar in income to Jordan (2.2) and compared to the Middle East and North Africa region as a whole (2.8) (WHO, WB, UNICEF, & DHS, 2011). The findings of the 2009 Jordanian Population and Family Health Survey demonstrated that the total fertility rate (TFR) has stopped declining in the country since 2002 (DOS, 2010b; USAID, 2010). The prevalence of contraceptive use has also shown little change in Jordan over the last decade (DOS, 2010b; USAID, 2010). Given that contraception is one of the proximate determinants of fertility (Rahayu et al., 2009), the main purpose of this study was to investigate which factors are contributing to women's current contraceptive behavior and intention for future contraceptive use. Research questions were developed in a comprehensive
framework that considers women's intention and actual behavior as outcomes of various interactive factors within a socio-cultural context. In particular, the study's framework was directed by a theoretical basis adapted from Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and an extensive review of the available literature in the research area. Obviously, the social set-up and cultural norms in the study setting, together with attitudes toward children and family, represent a traditional scenario that could help explain the consistency of fertility and contraceptive use in the country. Further, the influences of background characteristics on women's contraceptive behaviors and intentions provide another scenario that could help assess the current situation of family planning (FP) in Jordan. In this study, demographic factors, spousal communication variables and healthcare system-related factors are all defined as background characteristics. Attitudes and social norms reflect the women's behavioral determinants and represent the main constructs of the TRA. In fact, involving a set of factors related to women's beliefs and social norms in the study's framework provided an opportunity to explore how these factors might promote or inhibit a woman's intentions and behaviors in respect to contraceptive use. In a three-manuscript format, this research was designed to achieve a number of objectives. The first manuscript aimed at identifying the major factors associated with the current use of contraception among women of childbearing age in northern Jordan. The second manuscript focused on investigating the main factors that are associated with women's contraceptive method preference (e.g. the choice of modern contraceptives as effective methods in preventing pregnancy versus the choice of traditional contraceptives as methods with high failure rates). The third manuscript attempted to explore the key factors associated with women's intention for
future contraceptive use since the existence of such an intention would consequently translate into an actual behavior later. In 2010, original cross-section data were collected by means of a face-to-face interview using a structured pre-tested survey. The study sample included women who were currently married and were between 18 and 49 years old. Applying a systematic random sampling procedure, all respondents were recruited from the waiting rooms of five randomly selected Maternal and Child Health (MCH) centers in the Governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan. Using a list provided by the Ministry of Health, all centers in the Governorate were stratified according to the region (urban vs. rural) and randomly selected in proportion to their number in each region. The final sample size for this research consisted of 536 women surveyed, giving a response rate of 92.4 percent. Utilizing logistic regression analyses, the results of the dissertation manuscripts indicate that women's behaviors and intentions toward the use of contraception are affected by a number of factors at the individual, familial and institutional levels. The findings that emerged from the three manuscripts provide health professionals and policy makers with important information to assist in the design of FP programs and campaigns aimed at increasing current contraceptive use, enhancing the adoption of modern contraception and motivating the intention for future contraceptive use. This research strongly suggests that health professionals develop health policies that both expand the availability of MCH centers and strengthen the role of healthcare providers to dispel the numerous rumors and misconceptions surrounding the use of contraceptives, particularly modern ones. Health workers at the MCH centers need to ensure that women have sufficient information about the benefits and side effects of different types of contraception by offering proper FP counseling. The messages that
religious leaders can use in advocating for FP would also help make contraceptive use socially acceptable since their opinions are often followed by the majority. This would be a key step toward removing the barriers to contraceptive use. Moreover, to design effective FP interventions, planners should take into account women's attitudes toward the use of contraceptive methods and the components of those attitudes (e.g. women's approval of contraceptive use for birth spacing and perceptions regarding the value of large family sizes and the importance of having male children in Jordanian families).Graduation date: 2012
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from May 9, 2012 - May 9, 2013
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Tadu, Ruramayi. "Effects of governance on the sustainability and continuity of family businesses in Botswana." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24338.
Full textAbstract:
Family businesses have become a topic of growing interest among scholars and policy makers
at both international and local levels, particularly given the sector’s contribution to the world
economies. The increasingly volatile employment climate that prevails in many African
settings today has increased the focus on small and medium enterprises as engines of
economic growth and employment creation, and Botswana is no exception. The majority of
family businesses are small to medium enterprises.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of governance structures and
systems on the sustainability and continuity of family-owned and controlled businesses in
Botswana. A study of this nature was important in view that some key sectors of the Botswana
economy are dominated by small and medium family businesses. Of concern is the lack of
continuity from one generation to the other among family businesses. Therefore, an
understanding of the family dynamics and family business governance systems is important
for managing the success and survival of the family business. Studies on small and medium
enterprises have been carried out in Botswana mostly focusing on their problems, but not on
their governance and sustainability. This was done using a cross-sectional research survey
design. The target population for the study comprised small and medium family-owned
businesses drawn from the manufacturing and professional services sectors and registered with
the Business Botswana and Local Enterprises Authority in 2017. A sample of 144 familyowned
businesses based in Gaborone and Francistown was polled.
Quantitative data for the research was collected using a questionnaire. The quantitative
research methodology adopted applied correlation and regression analysis, utilised Pearson
correlation tests and Levene’s independent sample tests were performed to measure the
relationships between five independent variables and the sustainability and continuity of
family businesses in Botswana. This research empirically tested five hypotheses relating to
governance factors that affect the sustainability and continuity of family businesses in
Botswana. The research findings support the notion that the presence of governance structures,
effective communication, decision-making, succession planning, and a vision, mission and
strategy have a positive effect on the sustainability and continuity of family businesses. This
research also established that small and medium family businesses face the same challenges as any other formation by ownership of non-family small and medium enterprises. Evidence is
also provided that the challenges faced by family businesses in Botswana do not differ
significantly with challenges faced by small and medium family businesses, with most
respondents citing a lack of funding as the major challenge. For small and medium enterprises
to continue playing their critical role in the economic development of Botswana, they need to
formalise and adopt systematic approaches to strategy formulation and implementation,
succession planning, governance structures and compliance. It is recommended that future
studies focus on developing systematic generic models and assist small and medium familyowned
businesses to implement and improve on their sustainability and continuity of
businesses in Botswana.Business Management
D. Admin.
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Désalliers, Julie. "Approche ethnographique de l'utilisation des contraceptifs hormonaux en milieu rural sahélien, Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7323.
Full text
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"对刚性制度的软性抗争: 宗族文化对于潮汕地区计划生育政策执行的影响 = Flexible resistance against rigid institutions : the impact of clan culture on the implementation of family planning program in Teochew." 2015. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6115392.
Full textAbstract:
本文通过研究自改革开放以来计划生育政策在广东省潮汕地区的执行情况，尝试回答一个理论问题，即在一个威权政体中，是什么因素削弱了国家对社会的控制能力，从而民间形成了对刚性国家政策的有效对抗，导致国家的一些政策指令无法在基层得到落实。上世纪八十年代，计划生育政策作为一项"基本国策"在中国大多数地区都得到了严格的执行，并基本完成预定的政策目标。然而，该政策在潮汕地区却遭遇到极大的阻力，无论是城镇还是农村都出现了普遍的严重的超生现象。作者在对该地区进行了实地调研后，有三个主要发现：第一，随着改革开放政策的实行而迅速复兴的宗族文化对于潮汕地区的生育观念和生育行为的影响非常强烈。"多子多福"，"重男轻女"仍被绝大多数人视为理所应当，"儿孙满堂"更是许多农村人的追求。因此，虽然大部分的干部和群众经过计划生育的宣传都能理解该政策的必要性，但是由于生儿育女事关个人家庭和宗族的"兴衰"，所以明知抵触法规但仍会寻求各种可能的办法偷生。第二，在强大的传统文化作用下，基层政府、干部和群众形成了依赖利益和人情而建立起来的"乡规民约"，县镇村的干部群众都在这种民间自订的非正式制度下默契地规范约束自己的行为并且互动合作，因此上级的政策到了基层就遇到了无形的有弹性的成体系的抵抗，换言之，人们找到了实现"上有政策，下有对策"的软性抗争方式。第三，在这种强大的利益人情网络的软性对抗之下，上级的政府已经失去了对于基层计划生育的控制。一则他们没有足够的资源和能力去落实对下级的监管，二则上级官员自身也处在一定的利益关系网络中。因此，整体而言，市级乃至更上级政府在计生工作中也只能采取折中的策略，最后"容忍"了基层欺上瞒下的行为。因此，作者认为在潮汕地区县级以下的农村基层，依靠影响力极强的宗族文化而形成的"乡规民约"，作为一种软性非正式制度弱化了国家正式的行政体制，形成了一种对计划生育政策不成文的，富有弹性的，自成体系的非暴力抵抗，以及"上有政策，下有对策"的折中局面，使得计划生育政策在这一地区发挥了十分有限的作用。
This study focuses on "Family Planning Program" ever since the "Opening-up Policy" in Teochew area, Guangdong. By doing so, it aims at answering one theoretical question: within an authoritarian regime, what sorts of factors can impair the state’s control over society, leading to effective resistance against the state’s rigid policies and ineffective implement of those policies at grass-roots level. In the 1980s, the "Family Planning Program", as a fundamental national policy, was strictly implemented in most parts of China, accomplishing its policy goals. However, this policy encountered enormous resistance in Teochew area, Guangdong. "Extra kids" have been widely observed in rural areas.
By carrying out on-site field research, the author has three main findings:
First, clan culture, reviving rapidly after the "Opening-up Policy", has been exerting significant impact over birth concepts and birth behaviors in Teochew area. Such thoughts as "the more sons, the more blessings" and "sons are better than daughters" are taken for granted. Having lots of children and grandchildren is considered the best luck possible. Therefore, even though most cadres and citizens understand very well the necessity of the "Family Planning Program", since having children is a serious matter of family’s and clan’s prosperity, people are striving to have more kids, disregarding the laws and policies.
Second, under the big umbrella of traditional culture, governments at grass-roots level, cadres and masses have formulated so-called "village regulations and folk rules", which are based on mutual interests and relationship, and they behave and cooperate consciously according to these informal institutions. As a result, policies from upper levels have met invisible, flexible and systematic resistance at grass-roots level. In other words, people have found a way to use soft countermeasures to resist rigid institutions.
Third, impacted by these soft resistance, governments from upper levels have lost control over the implementation of family planning at grass-root level. Partially because they do not have enough resource and capability to enforce supervision, partially because they themselves are nested heavily in this interest network. Thus, by and large, governments at prefecture or upper levels can only compromise in family planning related issues, leading to the toleration of grass-roots cheating behaviors.
In sum, the author believes that in rural Teochew area, "village regulations and folk rules", which are based on a strong clan culture, as soft informal institutions, have impaired the state’s formal administrative system, generated unspoken, flexible, systematic and nonviolent resistance against "Family Planning Program", and led to a compromising predicament. Therefore, "Family Planning Program", as a national policy, has generated limited impact in Teochew area.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
庄棟杰.
Parallel title from added title page.
Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91).
Abstracts also in English.
Zhuang Dongjie.