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Tafa, Lema, and Yoseph Worku. "Family planning utilization and associated factors among postpartum women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245123.
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Background Pregnancies that occur in the first year after birth can result in adverse outcomes for the mothers and their babies. Postpartum family planning (PPFP) can save lives of many mothers and children. Only few data are available about the magnitude of PPFP use and its determinants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective To assess PPFP utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018. A total of 625 women were enrolled in the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression model with adjusted odd ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify the factors associated with PPFP use. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result The magnitude of PPFP utilization in Addis Ababa was 71.8%. Previous family planning (FP) information (AOR = 13.2; 95% CI: (1.96, 88.07)), FP information from health facility visit (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: (1.45, 3.43)), antenatal care (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: (1.58, 15.64)), counseling on FP at postnatal care (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: (1.27, 3.05)), menses resumption after birth (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: (1.11, 2.76)), and commencing sexual activity after birth (AOR = 9.34; 95% CI: (5.39, 16.17)) were the factors associated with PPFP use. Conclusion and recommendation Though the magnitude of PPFP use is encouraging, still three out of the ten postpartum women did not use PPFP. The determinants of PPFP use were having FP information, having FP information from health facility visit, antenatal care, counseling about FP during postnatal care, menses resumption after birth, and commencing sexual activity after birth. The health system in the City and the healthcare providers should strive to reach every woman who is not accessing the PPFP services and antenatal care services, and improve counseling services on PPFP during delivery and postnatal care services.
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Bitew, Mezinew Sintayehu, Maereg Fekade Zewde, Muluken Wubetu, and Addisu Alehegn Alemu. "Consumption of alcohol and binge drinking among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Prevalence and determinant factors." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 22, 2020): e0243784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243784.
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Introduction People in Ethiopia, including pregnant women, highly consume both home-made and manufactured alcohol beverages due to lack of awareness about the harmful effect of risky alcohol use, and cultural acceptance of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption and other hazardous patterns of use like binge drinking have tremendous adverse effects on fetus and mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of alcohol consumption, binge drinking and its determinants among pregnant women residing in Kolfe sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 367 pregnant women. The participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression was conducted using SPSS version 20 software to identify determinants of alcohol consumption and binge drinking. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare a statistical significance in multiple logistic regression. The results were described using adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results This study revealed that the prevalence of alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and weekly alcohol consumption of four or more units among pregnant women was 39.78%, 3.54% and 4.9%, respectively. Not having formal education [AOR 95% CI = 8.47 (2.42, 29.62), having primary education [AOR 95% CI = 4.26 (1.23, 14.74), being a housewife [AOR 95% CI = 4.18 (2.13, 8.22), having an unplanned pregnancy [AOR 95% CI = 2.47(1.33, 4.60), having a history of abortion [AOR 95% CI = 3.33 (1.33, 6.05)], not having awareness about the harmful effect of alcohol consumption [AOR 95% CI = 4.66 (2.53, 8.61)], and not having family social support [AOR 95% CI = 2(1.14,3.53) were determinants of alcohol consumption among pregnant women. Conclusions This study found a high level of alcohol consumption among pregnant women. Interventions to create awareness on the harmful effects of alcohol are needed. Moreover, strengthening social support during pregnancy and family planning services to reduce unplanned pregnancy and abortion should be considered.
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Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Catherine Chojenta, Peta Michelle Forder, Theodros Getachew, Roger Smith, and Deborah Loxton. "Spatial variations and associated factors of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e037532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037532.
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ObjectiveTo assess spatial variations in modern contraceptive use and to identify factors associated with it among married women in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional analysis of population-based and health facility data.SettingEthiopia Demographic and Health Survey data linked to Service Provision Assessment data.Population8473 married women and 1020 facilities that reported providing family planning services.MethodsA linked secondary data analysis of population and health facility data was carried out. Both multilevel and spatial analyses were conducted to identify key determinants of women’s use of modern contraceptive and spatial clustering of modern contraceptive use.Main outcome measureModern contraceptive use.ResultsAbout 24% of the variation in the use of modern contraception was accounted for by location. A one-unit increase in the mean score of health facilities’ readiness to provide short-term modern contraceptives in a typical region was associated with a 20-fold increase in the odds of modern contraceptive use (adjusted OR (AOR) 20.49, 95% CI 1.44 to 29.54). In the spatial analysis, it was found that Addis Ababa and the Amhara region had high clusters of modern contraceptive use rates. On the other hand, low rates of contraceptive use were clustered in the Afar and Somali regions.ConclusionThere were significant variations in the use of modern contraceptives across the different regions of Ethiopia. Therefore, regions with low contraceptive rates and high fertility rates should be targeted for scaling up and tailoring of services to the culture and lifestyles of the population of those regions.
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Appleford, Gabrielle, Claire Cole, Metsehate Ayenekulu, Sue Newport, and Emma Mulhern. "Get Smart: Learning and partnership with Ethiopia’s Health Extension Programme to re-envision contraceptive service delivery to young couples." Gates Open Research 3 (October 15, 2019): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12970.1.
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Background: Adolescents 360 (A360) implements the Smart Start (SS) programme through Ethiopia’s Health Extension Programme (HEP). SS is premised on financial planning as an entry point to discuss family planning (FP) with newly married couples and central to its delivery are the health extension workers (HEW). This article evaluates the A360 experience and learning from the process evaluation implemented by Itad to understand contextual barriers and enablers from the perspective of the HEW. Methods: A purposive sampling strategy was employed whereby 27 key stakeholders were identified from Oromia, Addis Ababa and Amhara, based on exposure to the SS programme. Findings from the action research were shared with A360 through a one day sounding workshop. Results: Findings revealed that many local government and communal respondents do not view adolescent pregnancy as a problem, unless out of wedlock, and adolescent pregnancy is closely linked to early marriage. As a result, some providers, including HEWs, acknowledged that married adolescent girls were previously ‘neglected’ by them, while husbands indicated that they had not previously been included in FP counselling. Findings also revealed some challenges with SS implementation as HEWs were ‘deprioritizing’ the intervention and many HEWs had been in situ for several years and were overworked and frustrated. Against this backdrop, A360 was viewed as adding to the HEW workload. While the programme design was focused on adolescent users, there was increasing recognition that HEWs also needed to be at the centre of solution design. Conclusions: Despite challenges associated with the HEP, Ethiopia FP2020 plans to support the ‘next generation’ of HEWs, including a focus on adolescents and youth. To gain deeper insight and put the HEW at the centre of design, A360 will continue to work with the process evaluation to understand contextual barriers and enablers from the perspective of the HEW.
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Sack, D. E., D. Nagpal, M. Birara, J. D. Bell, and S. D. Rominski. "Family planning messaging sources at primary health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.420.
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Larçon, Jean-Paul, and Corinne Vadcar. "Belt and Road in Ethiopia and China’s African Ambition." China and the World 04, no. 02 (May 17, 2021): 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729321500073.
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China–Ethiopia economic cooperation in the period of 2000–2020 is marked by the convergence between the industrial policy of Ethiopia, the orientations of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and the infrastructure development strategy which is the cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China, the largest foreign investor in Ethiopia during this period, has had a major role in terms of investment and financing in the energy sector and the transportation infrastructure: Addis Ababa Airport, roads, railway, seaport terminal, and gas pipeline. The flagship project — the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway — connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti City and Djibouti’s Doraleh Container Terminal, inaugurated in 2018, provided landlocked Ethiopia with a good connection between the hinterland and the seaport: the economic corridor accounts for more than 95% of Ethiopia’s foreign trade. The development of Ethiopian Industrial Parks on the model of Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) was the second pillar of the strategy of development of an export-oriented manufacturing sector. Chinese companies operating in Ethiopian Industrial Parks in the textile and leather industries have been pioneering this activity contributing to Ethiopia’s participation in the Global Value Chains (GVCs). Ethiopian government is also planning the development of agro-industrial parks specialized in added-value agricultural products such as coffee or cut flowers exported to Europe via Addis Ababa Airport and Ethiopian Airlines Cargo. Ethiopia’s main challenges in that direction are the necessity to go up the value chain to further penetrate European markets and, most likely, to identify the products or services which could be integrated into the African markets in the new context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement that entered into force in January 2021.
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Lund, Ragnhild. "Urban Services and Governance: The Case of Solid Waste Management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 68, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2014.904410.
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Sekasi, Jackson, and Mauro Luiz Martens. "Assessing the Contributions of Urban Light Rail Transit to the Sustainable Development of Addis Ababa." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105667.
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Many of the existing urban transport infrastructures in developing African cities are challenged by the mobility demands of their ever-increasing population and increased vehicle capacity. To address these transportation challenges, the Federal government of Ethiopia through the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC) constructed and operates the Addis Ababa light rail transit (AA-LRT). Currently, many other African cities are following in action. This study aims to assess the contributions to sustainable development derived from the services of urban light rail in Addis Ababa. Cross-sectional quantitative research by means of a structured questionnaire survey considering key variables of social, economic, and environmental transport sustainability dimensions was conducted in Addis Ababa. Dimension-wise, the collected data was then analysed in order to measure the contributions made by AA-LRT and to identify the relations amongst each considered variable and each sustainability dimension. The findings of the study indicate a high level of perceived contributions of the economic sustainability dimension as compared to social and environmental sustainability. The study suggests an improved consideration of the environmental and social dimension for a holistic approach to transport sustainability of the city.
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Mekonnen, T. B., A. Moges, and B. Mengesha. "Assessment of family planning use and associated factors among people living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Lancet 382 (November 2013): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62258-8.
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Teshome, Abel, Malede Birara, and Sarah D. Rominski. "Quality of family planning counseling among women attending prenatal care at a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 137, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12110.
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Derso, Atimen, Hailemichael Bizuneh, Awoke Keleb, Ayechew Ademas, and Metadel Adane. "Food insecurity status and determinants among Urban Productive Safety Net Program beneficiary households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0256634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256634.
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Background Measuring household food insecurity in specific geographic areas provides vital information that enables appropriate and effective intervention measures to be taken. To that end, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and associated factors among Urban Productive Safety Net Program (UPSNP) beneficiary households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital city. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 624 UPSNP beneficiary households in nine districts of Addis Ababa from June to July 2019. A multi-stage sampling method was used; study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique after establishing the proportionally allocated sample size for 9 districts. Data were collected by trained personnel using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The outcome variable was food insecurity as measured by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), a tool developed by the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Scale (FANTA) and validated for developing countries, including Ethiopia. A binary (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) logistic regression analysis were employed at 95% CI (confidence interval). From the bivariate analysis, factors having a p-value<0.25 were included in the multivariable analysis. From the multivariable analysis, any variable at p-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was declared significantly associated with household food insecurity. Model fitness was also checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test with p-value>0.05. Results The prevalence of household food insecurity was 77.1% [95%CI:73.8–80.7] during the month prior to the survey. Illiteracy of household head [AOR: 2.56; 95%CI:1.08–6.07], family size of 4 or more [AOR: 1.87, 95%CI:1.08–3.23], high dependency ratio [AOR: 3.95; 95%CI:1.31–11.90], household lack of access to credit [AOR:2.85; 95%CI:1.25–6.49], low household income [AOR: 4.72; 95%CI:2.32–9.60] and medium household income [AOR: 9.78; 95%CI:4.29–22.35] were significantly associated with household food insecurity. Conclusion We found that three in four of Addis Ababa’s UPSNP beneficiary households were food-insecure. Implementation of measures to improve household income, minimize the dependency ratio of households, and arrange access to credit services are paramount ways to tackle food insecurity problems in Addis Ababa.
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Kefeni, Elzabeth Girma, and Walelegn Worku Yallew. "Communal latrine utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.098.
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Abstract Despite the quick urban population growth increased volume of wastes, including human excreta, which demands an expanded need of infrastructure, solid institutional setup and communities' engagement for management of safe disposal of excreta, arrangement of such basic social services has not developed as per the rate of population growth. Mostly, communal latrines are inclined towards an absence of cleanliness, as they accommodate many people beyond their capacity, filling up septic tanks quickly. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 817 randomly selected communal latrine user households, five focus group discussions and four key informant interviews were analysed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to discover the impact of different factors on the use of communal latrines. The findings revealed that the rate of communal latrine use in Addis Ababa was about 79.8%. Unhygienic conditions, latrine emptying challenges, extreme smell, number of family units sharing the same squats, and latrine designs for the aged and children were identified as barriers to latrine utilization. This study suggests that, in parallel with the continued investments to increase access to sanitary facilities in the city, the management and behavioural change part has likewise to be stressed for better use and sustainability.
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Tamene, Wossenyelesh, and Mesganaw Fantahun. "Fertility desire and family-planning demand among HIV-positive women and men undergoing antiretroviral treatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." African Journal of AIDS Research 6, no. 3 (November 2007): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085900709490418.
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Serawit, L., and W. Alemayehu. "Assessment of factors affecting use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) among family planning (FP) clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Contraception 85, no. 3 (March 2012): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.11.061.
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Girmay, Aderajew Mekonnen, Martin R. Evans, Sirak Robele Gari, Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam, and Mulumebet Tadesse Reta. "Urban health extension service utilization and associated factors in the community of Gullele sub-city administration, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190580.
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Background: In Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, the urban health extension program was started in 2009. Its approach is based on the assumption that access to and quality of primary health care in urban communities can be improved through transfer of health knowledge and skills to households. The study was conducted to assess the status of urban health extension service utilization and associated factors.Methods: A community based cross–sectional study was conducted to collect data from 628 participants. Sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula. Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis.Results: The proportion of community utilization of the urban health extension program was found to be 86%. Respondents’ odds of utilizing urban health extension services among those who participated in the planning of urban health extension program activities were 2.8 (AOR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.43-3.70) times the odds of those who did not participate. The household respondents who utilized toilet with hand washing facilities had odds of utilizing urban health extension services that are higher by 2.62 (AOR=2.62 with 95% CI: 1.70-9.77) compared to those not utilizing toilet with hand washing facilities.Conclusions: The study provided important information regarding to the status of community utilization of urban health extension services. Respondents who utilized toilet with hand washing facilities were higher among the respondents who utilized and implemented the urban health extension packages. Respondents who participated in the planning of urban health extension program activities were those who significantly utilized and implemented the urban health extension program.
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Eshete, Zerayehu Sime, and Bisrat Legesse Kidane. "Reassessing the Impact of Financial Services on Urban Manufacturing Firms: An Impact Evaluation Method in Ethiopia." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 4 (July 29, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n4p129.
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The stock of financial literature reveals emerging and conflicting stands on the effect of finance on the performance of the economy. The previous thoughts considered finance into account as an important driving force to growth through its role in intermediation, reduction of transaction costs and risk, and efficient uses of resources. Nevertheless, the newly emerging thoughts focus on the vanishing effect of finance due to its stiff competition over resources with the rest of the economy. The dialogues also reflected in the process of industrialization and promoting the manufacturing sector. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to reexamine the impact of financial services on the performance of manufacturing firms in Ethiopia with a special focus on firms in Addis Ababa. The study used propensity score matching method. The result shows that those who access finance has increased their operating margin profit by 2.6 on average in comparison with the non-treated groups. The treated groups have 0.42 greater net return on a net asset than non-treated groups on average. Therefore, the study suggests that financial institutions should increase their involvement to expand the accessibility of financial products to manufacturing firms that are the expected engines of sustainable growth and economic transformation.
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Bezabh, Yodit Habtamu, Solomon Mekonnen Abebe, Tolesa Fanta, Agitu Tadese, and Mikiyas Tulu. "Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency responders of Addis Ababa Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Ethiopia: institution-based, cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e020705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020705.
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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among emergency responders at Addis Ababa Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based, cross-sectional design.SettingThe study was conducted at the Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Participants603 emergency responders who worked in the Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Authority during the study period.MeasurementData were collected using a self-administered questionnaire: an adaptation of the standardised PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version. The questionnaire was administered to subjects on duty. Social support was measured using the Oslo 3-Item Social Support Scale, while other stressful life events were measured using the List of Threatening Experiences, that is, experiencing one or more stressful life events in the last 6 months. Reliability and construct validity were verified. To be diagnosed with PTSD, a subject must display at least three different types of symptoms at once. Coded variables were entered into Epi Info V.3.5.1 and then exported to SPSS V.20 for analysis. Descriptive and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions and 95% CI were employed to establish and test statistically significant associations.ResultsA total of 603 subjects participated in the study, with 19.9% prevalence rate of PTSD (95% CI 16.9 to 23.1). The study found family history of mental illness (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.82; 95% CI 1.65 to 4.84), longer years of service (AOR=2.67; 95% CI 1.54 to 4.63), as well as prolonged exposure to emergency situations (AOR=0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.84) and road traffic accidents (AOR=2.71; 95% CI 1.67 to 4.42) as significant predictors of PTSD among emergency responders.ConclusionThe prevalence of PTSD was high among the study population. Family history of mental illness, length of service, duration of exposure and type of exposure were found to be associated with PTSD. Mental health education and linking emergency responders with available mental health services/facilities should be prioritised to mitigate the problem.
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Mekonne, Abel, Benyam Seifu, Chernet Hailu, and Alemayehu Atomsa. "Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance and Associated Factors among Health Care Providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8412957.
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Background. Cost sharing between beneficiaries and government is critical to attain universal health coverage. The government of Ethiopia introduced social health insurance to improve access to quality health services. Hence, HCP are the ultimate frontline service provider; their WTP for health insurance could influence the implementation of the scheme directly or indirectly. However, there is limited evidence on willingness to pay (WTP) for social health insurance (SHI) among health professionals. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 1st to August 15th, 2019. A total sample of 480 health care providers was selected using a multistage sampling method. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 23. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the associated factor outcome variable. The association was presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at a P value less than 0.05. Result. A total of 460 health care providers responded to the questionnaire, making a 95.8% response rate. Of the respondents, only 132 (28.7%) were WTP for SHI. Higher educational status [AOR=2.9, 95% CI (1.2-7.3)], higher monthly income [AOR=2.2, 95% CI (1.2-4.3)], recent family illness [AOR=2.4, 95% CI (1.4-4.4)], and a good awareness about SHI [AOR=4.4, 95% CI (2.4-7.8)] showed significant association with WTP for SHI. The main reasons for not WTP were thinking the government should cover the cost, preferring out-pocket payment and the provided SHI scheme does not cover all the health care costs health care providers lost interest in pay for SHI. Conclusion and Recommendation. The majority of health care providers were not willing to pay for the introduced SHI scheme. The provided SHI scheme should be clear and provide special consideration for health care providers as the majority of them receives free health care service from their employer health care institution. Also, the government, health professional associations, and other concerned stakeholders should provide awareness creation programs by targeting low and middle-level health professionals in order to increase WTP for SHI among health care providers.
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Zerihun, Tigist, Delayehu Bekele, Elizabeth Birhanu, Yoseph Worku, Negussie Deyesa, and Markos Tesfaye. "Family planning awareness, utilization and associated factors among women of reproductive age attending psychiatric outpatient care, a cross- sectional study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): e0238766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238766.
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Tufa, Tesfaye Hurissa, Antonella Francheska Lavelanet, Lemi Belay, Berhanu Seboka, and Jason Bell. "Feasibility of intra-amniotic digoxin administration by obstetrics and gynecology trainees to induce fetal demise prior to medical abortion beyond 20 weeks." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 46, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200396.
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Background Transient fetal survival is one issue that providers may face while managing late second-trimester abortion. Induction of fetal demise using digoxin and other means has been widely performed by maternal–fetal medicine and family planning subspecialists worldwide. However, there are no data available in Ethiopia as regards preventing transient fetal survival in late second-trimester medical termination of pregnancy. Objective The objective of the study was to document the feasibility of intra-amniotic digoxin administration for inducing fetal demise prior to medical abortion beyond 20 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, we aimed to demonstrate that this skill could be transferred to obstetrics and gynaecology residents at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted to document the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of intra-amniotic digoxin. A structured questionnaire was used to collect selected sociodemographic data and clinical characteristics. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS statistical package version 20. Results During the study period, 49 women received intra-amniotic digoxin. The success rate of intra-amniotic digoxin in this study was 95.9%. Thirty-seven (75.5%) procedures were performed by obstetrics and gynaecology residents and 12 (24.5%) were performed by family planning faculties. There were two out of hospital expulsions with no signs of life, and no other serious maternal complications were observed. Conclusion It is feasible for obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in Ethiopia to learn how to safely administer intra-amniotic digoxin to induce fetal demise for induced medical terminations.
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Mehare, Tsegaye, Birhanie Mekuriaw, Zelalem Belayneh, and Yewbmirt Sharew. "Postpartum Contraceptive Use and Its Determinants in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (January 6, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5174656.
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Background. Postpartum contraceptive use is defined as the avoidance of short spaced pregnancies and unintended pregnancy through the first 12 months after delivery. In Ethiopia, different studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use and associated factors. The findings of these studies were inconsistent and characterized by great variability. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use and determinants in Ethiopia using the accessible studies. Methods. The articles were identified through electronic search of reputable databases (MEDLINE through PubMed, EMBASE, HINARI, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library) and the hand search of reference listed in previous prevalence studies to retrieve more. 18 articles are included based on a comprehensive list of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The Cochrane Q and I2 test were used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. A random effects model was calculated to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use. Moreover, the determinants for family planning use were reviewed. Results. The pooled prevalence of family planning use among mothers during the postpartum period in Ethiopia was 48.11% (95% CI: 36.96, 59.27). Besides, subgroup analysis revealed that the highest family planning use prevalence among postpartum mothers was observed in Addis Ababa, 65.41 (95% CI: 48.71, 82.11). Resumed sexual activity: 7.91 (95% CI: 4.62, 13.55), antenatal care: 4.98 (95% CI: 2.34, 10.21), secondary school and above level of maternal education: 3.53 (95% CI: 1.67, 7.45), postnatal care: 3.16 (95% CI: 1.7, 5.88), menses resumption: 3.12 (95% CI: 1.52, 6.39), and ≥6 months of postpartum period: 2.78 (95% CI: 1.97, 3.93) have shown a positive association with the use of family planning among mothers in the postpartum epoch. Conclusions. In this study, family planning use among mothers of the postpartum period in Ethiopia was significantly low compared to the existing global commendation on postpartum contraceptive use. Resumed sexual activity, antenatal care, secondary and above level of maternal education, postnatal care, menses resumption, and postpartum period≥6 months were found to be significantly associated with postpartum contraceptive use.
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Woldesemayat, Eyasu Markos, and Paolo Vincenzo Genovese. "Urban Green Space Composition and Configuration in Functional Land Use Areas in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Their Relationship with Urban Form." Land 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010085.
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This study aimed to assess the compositions and configurations of the urban green spaces (UGS) in urban functional land use areas in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The UGS data were extracted from Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) imagery and examined along with ancillary data. The results showed that the high-density mixed residence, medium-density mixed residence, and low-density mixed residence areas contained 16.7%, 8.7%, and 42.6% of the UGS, respectively, and together occupied 67.5% of the total UGS in the study area. Manufacturing and storage, social services, transport, administration, municipal function, and commercial areas contained 11.6%, 8.2%, 6.6%, 3.3%, 1.3%, and 1% of the UGS, respectively, together account for only 32% of the total UGS, indicating that two-third of the UGS were found in residential areas. Further, the results showed that 86.2% of individual UGS measured less than 3000 m2, while 13.8% were greater than 3000 m2, demonstrating a high level of fragmentation. The results also showed that there were strong correlations among landscape metrics, while the relationship between urban form and landscape metrics was moderate. Finally, more studies need to be conducted on the spatial pattern characteristics of UGS using very high-resolution (VHR) images. Additionally, future urban planning, design, and management need to be guided by an understanding of the composition and configuration of the UGS.
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Yeshitela, Kumelachew. "Attitude and Perception of Residents towards the Benefits, Challenges and Quality of Neighborhood Parks in a Sub-Saharan Africa City." Land 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110450.
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Urban parks provide various environmental, socio-cultural and economic benefits, also called ecosystem services, as well as challenges. Urban park planning and management needs to consider the perception and attitude of people towards the benefits, challenges and quality of the parks. However, such information is largely lacking for cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study are to understand the perception and attitude of residents towards the benefits, challenges and qualities of neighborhood parks in a formal settlement area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to investigate whether these aspects are affected by the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Data were collected through a household survey (n = 398) and three focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. The focus group discussion resulted in the selection of 18 ecosystem services (benefits) and five challenges. Supported by a very high response rate (96.6%), the household survey shows that respondents recognize the environmental, socio-cultural and economic benefits provided by neighborhood parks, but that the socio-cultural and environmental benefits are perceived as more important than the economic benefits. The socio-demographic characteristics of age, gender and education level were found to have no significant effect on perceptions or attitudes. The cost of managing neighborhood parks and the attraction of nuisance insects were the two most important challenges, respectively. The majority of respondents rated the quality of the existing neighborhood parks excellent or good, with the existing safety condition and the presence of high plant diversity receiving the highest number of high scores. The availability of park facilities was the aspect of park quality considered poor by the most respondents. This study highlights the importance of place-based studies for assessing the perceived benefits that attract people to use urban parks, as well as the challenges that deter use. One important lesson that cities in Sub-Saharan Africa could draw from the development and management of neighborhood parks in Addis Ababa is the vital importance of public participation in urban park development and management.
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Addissie, Adamu, Gabriele Braun, Tamiru Demeke, Tariku Wakuma, Claudia Hanson, and Eva Kantelhardt. "Breast Health Global Initiative Recommended Breast Cancer Prevention and Care in Rural Ethiopia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 1s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.99800.
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Purpose Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer death among women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Availability of both basic and comprehensive services in all frontline health care facilities is important for cancer control. Whereas women are equally affected in both urban and rural settings, most services are present in urban areas. We assessed health system readiness for breast cancer prevention and treatment in selected hospitals in Western Ethiopia. Methods A total of seven rural hospitals in Western Ethiopia were assessed for availability of comprehensive breast cancer services. A checklist prepared on the basis of breast care prevention and control standards for low-resource settings—recommended by the 2007 Global Summit of Breast Health Global Initiative—was used for the assessment. Data were descriptively analyzed and discussed. Results Whereas cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan countries, there is currently no competent health system available that is adequately equipped to meet this challenge. In Ethiopia, the majority of systemic oncologic treatment is administered at the Addis Ababa University Hospital in the capital city, and the majority of patients are referred to this center, which, for the average patient, is more than 500 km away. There are relatively large numbers of health professionals in health facilities in Western Ethiopia, but a critical absence of pathologists and oncologists. Basic diagnostic services, such as ultrasonography and X-ray, were found to be available in most hospitals; however, there were major gaps in cytologic and pathologic services. The nearest referral centers for pathology and additional breast cancer treatment required travelling significant distances; there were no systemic breast cancer treatment and palliative services available in Western Ethiopia. Conclusion Our study revealed that all health facilities lack a comprehensive package of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment services. The lack of implemented comprehensive breast care prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and referral services is representative of most other rural settings in Ethiopia. This calls for a nationally coordinated effort in defining and implementing breast cancer prevention and control standards to realize the national cancer control plan. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Eva Kantelhardt Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Daiichi Sankyo Oncology Europe
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Kumsa, Marema Jebessa, Bizuayehu Nigatu Lemu, and Teklehaimanot Mezgebe Nguse. "Lack of pocket money impacts Ethiopian undergraduate health science students learning activities." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): e0243634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243634.
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Background The cost of university presents various challenges with regards to students’ daily learning activities. This is particularly evident in developing countries, where higher education students face acute financial problems that greatly affect their daily educational activities. In Ethiopia, public university students do benefit from governmental cost-sharing programs. Moreover, health sciences students have additional costs during their clinical placements that are above the common expenses for university students. Objectives Authors aim to explore the challenges that undergraduate health sciences students in their clinical year face with limited pocket money, as well as how students perceive these limited funds affecting their learning activities and their ability to meet challenges. Methods This descriptive qualitative study was conducted at the Department of Medical Radiologic Technology, College of Health Sciences, at Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. Interviews were conducted between January 28, 2019 and February 1, 2019 with twelve students; and only ten participants were included in the study. The semi-structured questions explored participants’ experiences and perceptions regarding the challenges of a lack of pocket money and its impacts on their learning activities. Their reaction to financial challenges was assessed. Results Four themes that are related to the impact of a lack of money on learning activities emerged from our interviews. First, students believed that their difficulty in obtaining pocket money from family or other funding sources contributed to their financial stress, which negatively impacted their learning. Moreover, their difficulty in affording the basic needs for a student greatly affected their learning abilities in the classroom as well as in their clinical placements. The ability to self-manage was also a significant concern for students, with the pressure to use self-control and proper money management adding to their financial stress. Lastly, students observed that the lack of pocket money affected their ability to make social connections at university, which they saw as negatively impacting their learning abilities. Conclusion Ethiopian undergraduate health sciences students faced many challenges due to the lack of pocket money and these challenges affected student learning both directly or indirectly. Based on our data, we believe that the underlying causes of student financial hardship can be addressed by increasing public awareness of university expenses, clarifying the cost-sharing system to the public, redesigning the cost-sharing policy, and improving university services. Additionally, teaching students self-management skills is also another area that could increase student success.
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Thomas, James C., Heidi Reynolds, Christine Bevc, and Ademe Tsegaye. "Integration opportunities for HIV and family planning services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an organizational network analysis." BMC Health Services Research 14, no. 1 (January 18, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-22.
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Assefa, Endalkachew Mekonnen. "Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of health providers towards safe abortion provision in Addis Ababa health centers." BMC Women's Health 19, no. 1 (November 14, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0835-x.
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Abstract Background Unsafe abortion remains a reality for many Ethiopian women and will remain so until safe abortion is more accessible across the country. The house of representatives of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) revised the abortion law and Ministry of Health (MoH) of FDRE developed a revised technical and procedural guideline for safe abortion services in Ethiopia; emphasizing the need to increase knowledge and practice of health service providers on safe abortion care (SAC) and access to safe terminations of pregnancy at high standard and quality. Methods A facility based descriptive cross-sectional study using structured self-administered questionnaire was conducted between July and August 2015. A total of 405 mid-level providers (MLPs) including midwives, clinical nurses and health officers were included from 30 randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa. SPSS version-21 was used for data entry, cleaning and analysis. The results were presented using frequency tables, percentages, means, Odds ratio and 95% confidence limits. Results Among 405 MLPs 71.9% knew the definition of abortion in the in Ethiopia context, 81.5% participants were familiar with the revised abortion law. 53.1% of respondents had adequate knowledge on safe abortion care and working for 3–5 years (AOR 3.1 with CI 1.6, 5.7) and midwives (AOR = 2.9 with CI 1.8, 4.7) had better knowledge on abortion. Only eighty-three (20.5%) of MLPs were trained on safe abortion and among them sixty-eight (81.9%) were practising/used to practice safe abortion services. Half of respondents gave post abortion family planning methods. 54.1% respondents had positive attitude towards safe abortion. MLPs’ who had adequate knowledge on safe abortion care (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.3–3.1) and male providers (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04–2.4) were more likely to have positive attitude towards safe abortion. MLPs who had adequate knowledge on abortion 3.4 times (CI of 95% =1.1–10.6) were more likely to practise safe abortion care. Conclusion The majority claimed to know the current abortion law; however, many failed to understand the specific provisions of the law. Type of profession and years of experiences were important in explaining providers’ knowledge related to abortion. Being male and having the knowledge significantly influenced providers’ attitude toward safe abortion. Knowledge related to abortion also influenced the practice of SAC. Efforts to improve mid-level as well as other health care providers’ knowledge on abortion are necessary, for example, through pre−/on-service training.
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Cherie, Niguss, Neway Gebrie, and Mtoyib Yasin. "Post Abortion Contraceptive Use And Determinant Factors In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis." Current Womens Health Reviews 17 (March 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573404817666210315150854.
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Background: World health organization recommendations are aimed to provide comprehensive post abortion care for all women coming for abortion services. Different investigations have been conducted in Ethiopia reporting the prevalence and the determinant factors of post abortion contraception, but they lacks consistency and are characterized by discrepancy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service in Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of published and grey literature were assessed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO at CRD42020162969. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, HINARI and Cochrane Library and Google were used to review studies starting from January 14, 2020 to March 11, 2020. STATA 14 software was used for analysis. JBI approach was used for critical appraisal, study selection, data extraction. The possible risk of publication bias was examined using the Funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s test. Statistical heterogeneity was quantified using Cochran’s Q and the I2 test statistic. Random effect model was used as a method of analysis. Result: A total of 8236 women were involved using sixteen studies having 7 to 9 quality scores. The pooled prevalence of family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service in Ethiopia was 69.73% (95% CI: 63.67,75.79) .In addition, subgroup analysis showed the highest prevalence of post abortion contraception on Addis Ababa city Administration ,79.38(95%CI;66.87,91.89).Counseling for contraceptive: (OR=3.48,95% CI: 1.94,6.25), history of contraceptive use: (OR=7.62, 95% CI: 3.28:17.69) have shown a positive association with post abortion family planning use in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service is shown to be less than the WHO and national recommendation. Counseling and history of contraceptive use were found to be significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service is shown to be less than the WHO and national recommendation. Counseling and history of contraceptive use were found to be significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization in Ethiopia.
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Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Seid Mohammed Nejaga, Mesfin Abebe Belete, Semarya Berhe Lemlem, and Addishiwet Fantahun Adamu. "Immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device utilization and influencing factors in Addis Ababa public hospitals: a cross-sectional study." Contraception and Reproductive Medicine 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40834-021-00148-7.
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Abstract Background Postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUCD) utilization remains very low in Ethiopia beside high levels of unmet need for postpartum family planning even if nongovernmental organizations efforts to promote its use. This study investigates immediate PPIUCD utilization and influencing factors. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on public hospitals of Addis Ababa city. All public hospitals which have PPIUCD service were included and systematic random sampling technique was used to select 286 participants. Data were entered using Epi Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of independent variables on immediate PPIUCD utilization. Variables which have P-value< 0.2 on bivariate analysis were candidate for multivariate analysis. Variables which have P-value ≤0.05 on multivariate analysis was considered as statistically significant. Results Utilization of immediate PPIUCD among participants who gave birth in Addis Ababa public hospitals was 26.6% (95%CI: 21.3, 31.8). Eighty one percent respondents occupation was housewife were (AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.67) less likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who have personal job. In the other hand respondents who have discuss about PPFP with their partner were 1.21times (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.14, 25.67) more likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who never discuss. Contrarily 81% of respondents who need partner approval were (AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.79) less likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who doesn’t need approval. Respondents who have been counseled about PPIUCD were 1.13 times (AOR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.21) more likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who were not counseled. Similarly respondents who have good knowledge about PPIUCD were 7.50 times (AOR = 7.50, 95%CI: 4.06, 9.31) more likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who have poor knowledge. Conclusion This study verifies that immediate PPIUCD utilization is high compared to other studies. Having a housewife occupation and necessity of partner approval to utilize PPIUCD have negative influences, whereas spousal discussion about PPIUCD, counseled during pregnancy and having good knowledge have positive influences on PPIUCD utilization. Therefor empowering women by the government and other organizations working on maternal health will advance immediate PPIUCD utilization.
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Tassie, Kassahun, Birara Endalew, and Anteneh Mulugeta. "Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, April 22, 2019, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2019/v9i230088.
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Municipal Solid Waste management is one of the most fundamental issues in the contemporary urban environments particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. A huge generation of waste coupled with unbalanced waste management services is the major challenges facing the City of Addis Ababa. A continuous increase of production of more wastes and change in the composition of waste into complex, the waste management practice is challenged by low prioritization of waste management, limited revenues for financing waste management with the ever increasing population of this city. This retrospective study received documents from books, thesis works, annual waste management conference reports, journals on waste management, newsletters, abstracts and proceedings which can properly address the main factors that strongly hinder proper waste management and the extent to which community is aware of appropriate waste disposal systems in Addis Ababa city. The mechanism of Addis Ababa city Sanitation, Beautification and Park Development Authority to coordinate stakeholders has played a vital role in waste management. However, the daily monitoring of waste management by the community development section has not been sufficient because of poor governance where accountability, participation and transparency are lacking. It is also unauthorized solid waste dumping practice problem in different locations and has an effect on water sources and its resources. Effective involvement of both private and public sectors should improve waste management and provide door-to-door collection, street sweeping and facilitate drainage disposable canals. Therefore, an integrated solid waste management practice should be implemented for the City and also for the surrounding environment. As a result, strong political will, multi-sectoral approach, public awareness and participation, strategic planning, adequate funding and the adoption of Integrated Solid Waste Management is recommended SWM system required in Addis Ababa city.
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Degefu, Mekonnen Amberber, Mekuria Argaw, Gudina Legese Feyisa, and Sileshi Degefa. "Impact of landscape dynamics and intensities on the ecological land of major cities in Ethiopia." Environmental Systems Research 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40068-021-00237-1.
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Abstract Background Understanding the dependence of ecological land and dynamics of the human-nature-coupled landscape is crucial for urban ecosystem resilience. In this study, we characterized and compared the Spatio-temporal responses of ecological land to urban landscape dynamics in Bahir Dar, Addis Ababa, Adama, and Hawassa cities in Ethiopia for the last three decades (1990–2020). Three sets of Landsat satellite images, field observations, and urban land indexes were used to produce landscape maps and geo-spatial data analysis. Results The results showed that in all cities ecological land has had changed intensely during 1990–2020 regarding its quantity, and spatial pattern. Besides, the substantial expansion of built-up ecosystems was manifested at the cost of ecological land. The built-up ecosystem was augmented by 17,341.0 ha (32.16%), 2151.27 ha (19.64%), 2715.21 ha (12.21%), and 2599.65 ha (15.71%) for Addis Ababa, Adama, Bahir Dar, and Hawassa cities respectively from 1990 to 2020 periods. A total of 40.97% of the prolonged built-up area was obtained from urban agricultural land alone. Moreover, urban sprawl is likely to continue, which will be outweighed by the loss of the open space ecosystem. The finding also confirmed the value of land-use intensity (LUI) of Addis Ababa (3.31), Bahir Dar (3.56), Hawassa (4.82), Adama (5.04) was augmented parallel with accelerated growth in the built-up ecosystems. Besides, the Integrated land-use dynamics degree (ILUDD) analysis confirmed that the spatial pattern of ecological land loss significantly consistent with LUI in all cities. Conclusion Land-use intensity (LUI) dynamics pattern was followed by urban ecological land to the multi-complex human-dominance ecosystem with a substantial influence on urban greenery and ecosystem services provides. Thus, in all cities, the implementation of effective ecological land management and urban planning policies are required to ensure economic development and ecosystem resilience.
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Gebremedhin, Almaz Yirga, Yigzaw Kebede, Abebaw Addis Gelagay, and Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu. "Family planning use and its associated factors among women in the extended postpartum period in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Contraception and Reproductive Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40834-017-0054-5.
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"Family Planning Utilization Among Model and Non Model Family Women Enrolled in Urban Health Extension Program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2015." Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/59-04.
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