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Journal articles on the topic 'Family policy instruments'
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Yang, Qi, and Jianyuan Huang. "Content Analysis of Family Policy Instruments to Promote the Sustainable Development of Families in China from 1989–2019." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020693.
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Family policy involves a combination of policies enacted to address various family problems and improve the sustainable development of families. Evaluating family policy by considering policy instruments is conducive to optimizing policy allocation and promoting this sustainable development. This study constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of policy instruments and policy themes and employs content analysis to conduct a quantitative analysis of 112 family policy texts issued by the Chinese government. The results show that the policy instruments used in China are not effective. The study also shows that environmental policy instruments are most frequently used, but the internal structure is unbalanced; supply-side policy instruments are moderately used; and the use of demand-side policy instruments is obviously limited. Policy themes focus excessively on “safeguard measures” and pay less attention to “parental welfare and protection”. Overall, China’s family policy is still in its infancy, as it focuses mainly on assistance and remains incomplete. Therefore, the parties responsible for the formulation of family policy should adjust and optimize the combinations of policy instruments that are employed are required to consider “general welfare”, and promote the two-dimensional integration of policy instruments and policy themes.
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Ahn, SeungJae. "The Effect of Multidimensional Family Policy on Family Life Satisfaction - Interaction effects of policy instruments and values -." Korean Journal of Family Social Work 68, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.16975/kjfsw.68.2.7.
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Chang, Chih-Cheng, Jian-An Su, Kun-Chia Chang, Chung-Ying Lin, Mirja Koschorke, Nicolas Rüsch, and Graham Thornicroft. "Development of the Family Stigma Stress Scale (FSSS) for Detecting Stigma Stress in Caregivers of People With Mental Illness." Evaluation & the Health Professions 42, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278717745658.
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People with mental illness and their family caregivers often perceive public stigma, which may lead to stigma-related stress (or stigma stress). However, no instruments have been developed to measure this stress for family caregivers of people with mental illness. We modified an instrument that measures the stigma stress of people with mental illness (i.e., the cognitive appraisal of stigma as a stressor) and examined the psychometric properties of the scores of the newly developed instrument: the Family Stigma Stress Scale (FSSS). Primary family caregivers of people with mental illness in Southern Taiwan ( n = 300; mean age = 53.08 ± 13.80; 136 males) completed the FSSS. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the FSSS score had two factors; both factor scores had excellent internal consistency (α = .913 and .814) and adequate test–retest reliability ( r = .627 and .533; n = 197). Significant correlations between FSSS factor scores and other instruments supported its concurrent validity and the ability of the FSSS to differentiate between clinical characteristics, for example, having been previously hospitalized or not. The FSSS is a brief and effective measure of the stigma stress of family caregivers of people with mental illness.
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Wojciuk, Michał, and Łukasz Zegarowicz. "Fiscal Instruments Supporting Families in Poland in the Years 2004-2017." e-Finanse 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2019-0012.
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AbstractThe main objective of the study was an attempt to describe the policy for supporting families with children in Poland in the years 2004-2017 in the context of traditional support instruments. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of the literature on the subject and legal acts, analysis of statistical data and comparative analysis. The study uses statistical data from reports of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Policy. The study did not confirm the research hypothesis which says that in the analyzed period, tax preferences were the dominant instrument of support for families in Poland. Shifting the burden of family policy towards direct benefits is unlikely to increase the transparency of this policy. With the introduction of new family benefits at a high level, which are the subject of exemption from personal income tax, public spending made with the use of tax expenditures will also increase. The lack of detailed and cyclical reporting of this type of expenditure in Poland reduces the transparency of the family policy.
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LEWIS, JANE, and MARY CAMPBELL. "Work/Family Balance Policies in the UK since 1997: A New Departure?" Journal of Social Policy 36, no. 3 (June 7, 2007): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279407001067.
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Three successive Labour governments have developed a range of work/family balance (WFB) policies, including child care services, leaves and flexible working hours, which have also become an increasingly coherent package. Drawing on Hall (1993), we explore the extent to which these represent a significant change at three levels: that of ideas (the goals of policy), mechanisms (the nature of the policy instruments), and settings (the fine-tuning of policy instruments). We examine how far the ideas driving the policy developments have been about the welfare of the family and its members, and the nature of the balance of continuity and change in policy instruments and settings, making some suggestions as to how this might be explained.
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Lambert, Peter J., and Shlomo Yitzhaki. "The Inconsistency Between Measurement and Policy Instruments in Family Income Taxation." FinanzArchiv 69, no. 3 (2013): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522113x671119.
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Fayzullayev, Sarvar. "Unique approach to Family Business: Uzbekistan case." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2, no. 10 (2015): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.210.1004.
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The new law of “Family Entrepreneurship” was introduced in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the 26th April, 2012. Enforcement of this law has brought many changes in the domain of entrepreneurship. The main aim of this article is to state opportunities created by this new law and to point out differences of this law in relation to the norms practiced in foreign countries. In order to achieve this goal, we used comparison method of in our study. The results of the study show that this newly-introduced law on “Family Entrepreneurship”puts the meaning of family business uniquely different from the one practiced in the world and it has had a huge positive impact on entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. Article can be a good guidance for the policy makers of developing countries to come up with better policy instruments to trigger the development of entrepreneurship environment in their relevant countries.
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Durasiewicz, Arkadiusz. "ANALISYS OF THE AXIOLOGICAL - SOCIAL, INSTYTUTIONAL AND LEGAL SPHERE OF THE FAMILY POLICY IN SELECTED EU COUNTRIES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2016): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol3.1450.
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The article presents the European models of family policy divided into 5 models - the Scandinavian model, southern European model, conservative, liberal and post-socialist. In each of these the characteristics of policy for families are presented and divided into: axiological conditions, demographic, institutional family support, legal and family policy instruments. An overview of the various issues in the field of family policy is so important that the implementation of the effective family policy contributes to increased fertility, and thus of human capital, social and creative of the country. The article concludes with a summary and recommendations by individual models.
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Zygmunt, Agata. "Expectations toward family policy in the context of procreation decisions and plans of the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 29 (April 9, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.29.7.
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The aim of the article is to present the results of the survey of the opinions of the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship on various family policy instruments, which are intended to support fertility and parenthood. The presented results were obtained as part of the project “Determinants of reproduction plans and fertility decision-making of the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship”, implemented in 2016 via a sample of 1,000 people aged 18-39. Opinions of people at the appropriate age for procreation regarding support provided to families are important, because they are at the stage of family planning and implementation of parental plans. It can be assumed that the conviction of these people about the effectiveness of family policy instruments will influence their decisions regarding having children.
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WiĹ›niewska, Agnieszka, Marta MusiaĹ‚, and Beata Ĺšwiecka. "THE PROGRAM “FAMILY 500 PLUS” – IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD FINANCE IN POLAND." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.972.
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Household finance is heavily dependent on the phase of a family’s development. As the family grows, the household's financial needs change. Young Poles choose not to create families, mostly because of their financial situations. In order to increase the number of births, the "Family 500+" program was introduced in Poland, where parents can receive a benefit of 500,00 PLN (about 120 euros) per month for a second and every further child. It is indicated that the effects of the 500+ program are both positive and negative. Some effects of the program are already visible, although many forecasts have not yet been confirmed in the statistics due to the short duration of the program. The purpose of the article is to identify the impact of the government's family policy program: "Family 500+," introduced in April 2016. This article describes the assumptions and instruments of family policy in Poland, a description of the assumptions of the "Family 500+" program and the implications for household finances in Poland in terms of consumption, income, debt, the labor market or poverty.
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Gwoździewicz, Sylwia, and Dariusz Prokopowicz. "FAMILY 500 PLUS PROGRAMS AND FLAT PLUS WITH KEY INSTRUMENTS FOR PRIVATE SOCIAL POLICY IN POLAND." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7640.
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In Poland, for many years, relatively large incomes have reached large families. Similar relationships are shaped in the area of housing and household equipment in durable goods. The purpose of the Family 500 Plus program launched in April 2016 is to significantly reduce the scale of this socially and economically disadvantageous relationship, ie the current lowest profitability in large families. Apart from current, mainly profitable goals, improvement of the financial situation of families, this program also has an important long-term goal. The long-term strategic goal of the Family 500 Plus program is to change the demographic structure of society in Poland in the direction of increasing fertility, ie rejuvenating the society. Considering the public financial system of the state, this is a strategic goal of socio-economic policy to reduce the demographic scale of the aging process, ie limiting the potential for announcement in the next several decades of insolvency of the participatory pension system operated by the Social Insurance Institution. The second key program of social family policy in Poland launched in December 2016 is the Mieszkanie Plus program. This program, through the improvement of the housing situation, should fulfill important functions of housing policy in the scope of reducing the social stratification of families in Poland. The main objective of the Mieszkanie Plus program is to significantly increase the availability of flats, especially low-cost rental apartments, with the option of purchasing property after 20-30 years of use. In addition, both of the socio-economic policy programs mentioned above should also have a positive impact on the domestic economy, thus contributing to the reduction of income social stratification and to the activation of economic growth.
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Shubchynska, A., and L. Lytva. "SOCIAL WELFARE AND FAMILY SUPPORT AS A DIRECTION OF HUNGARIAN SOCIAL POLICY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Social work, no. 5 (2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-7786.2019/5-1/5.
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The author investigates the transformation processes of family values, preconditions that have influenced the emergence of the familism in Hungarian society. The article deals with the analysis of the main characteristics of neo-familism as the dominant social phenomenon of the present, which directly impacts the Hungarian family policy and determines the further direction of the family support system formation. It has been noted that familism is a complex concept and can be interpreted from different perspectives. This term is revealed through the prism of personal and family values, norms, interpersonal and social relations, as well as governance systems strategies. In this article, familism is discussed mainly as a system of governance measures, disclosed through the demonstration of social, in particular, family policy strategies, as well as instruments of its regulation. Hungarian family policy and the effects of familism on it are described and analysed in several characteristics, such as types of financial support, supporting measures to facilitate parents' participation in the labour market and the social services systems. It is proved that, in comparison with other European Union countries, the parental support system of childcare in Hungary is one of the most comprehensive. On the basis of the analysis, it has been concluded that the Hungarian family support system was formed under the influence of the consequences of historical events and political ideologies. The key factors, which are determining the direction of the system transformation today, are both post-socialism and Europeanisation at the same time. The analysis of the historical preconditions of the family policy formation and its modern regulatory instruments classifies the Hungarian support system as optional familism, which provides universal financial support to families, a comprehensive system of parental leave and childcare allowances, tax deductions, public nursery and kindergarten services. The author also underlines the significance of analysing the Hungarian welfare system and social services which support not only families in difficult life circumstances but also middle-class families.
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Aguilar, Francisco X., and Matthew C. Kelly. "US family forest management coupling natural and human systems: Role of markets and public policy instruments." Landscape and Urban Planning 188 (August 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.01.004.
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Jiménez Figueroa, Andrés, Verónica Gómez Urrutia, and Gonzalo Palomo-Vélez. "Work-Family Balance, Participation in Family Work and Parental Self-Efficacy in Chilean Workers." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29007.
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The article analyzes differences regarding work-family balance, participation in family work, and parental self-efficacy in workers (N=300) in Chile according to their sex and their status as income providers. Three instruments (Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen, Questionnaire of Participation in Family Work, and the Parental Evaluation Scale) were applied to workers from public and private organizations. Our results show that participation in family work is positively related to work-family balance, while the latter, in turn, is positively associated with parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, sex and being the main income provider in the household shows differential effects in both participation in family work and perception of parental self-efficacy. These results, we conclude, suggest the persistence of some elements of traditional gender patterns. This underlines the need to examine organizational policies from a gender perspective and to analyze the impact of public policy on organizational practices.
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Suseno, Imam. "The Performance Evaluation of Family Education Working Group in Education Office." Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v4i2.17810.
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This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the Family Education Working Group of Education Office in Indonesia to oversee the implementation of the family education program. The research method applied a program evaluation through an analysis of policy stage formulation to the implementation of programs specified in government policy. Using primary data, which was collected by researchers through several instruments, namely: (1) filling sheet in the form of inventory checklist, (2) in-depth interviews, and (3) documentation analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the performance of the family education working group showed a positive results, as seen in the results of mentoring in the education unit more than half of the education units including family education program in the school program and class activities agenda.
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Vavřina, Jan, and Marcela Basovníková. "Competitiveness of Family Farms in the Czech Republic in the Context of EU Common Agricultural Policy 2014+." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062171.
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Highly regulated EU agricultural sector via Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) creates conditions for encouraging the competitiveness of farmers not only within the European single market. Farmers in the Czech Republic face not only the challenges of globalization, nevertheless the problem of aging the farmers’ population. Under provided major assumptions, there is therefore necessary to implement such instruments of the CAP to ensure sustainable competitiveness of Czech agricultural enterprises and specifically family farms by government authorities, which are considered to be the economically smallest agricultural business entities. There is introduced a specific approach to a more efficient CAP in the current EU programming period till year 2020 through efforts to increase the competitiveness of European farmers as well in the term of the sustainable development within rural areas. The objective of the article is to identify usable financial and nonfinancial instruments to increase the competitiveness of domestic family farms in the context of EU CAP 2020 not only in terms of the Czech agrarian sector, but within the EU single market. Complementarily, there is provided evidence to economic performance of the smallest farmers in comparison with other size categories of agricultural businesses in the EU member countries.
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Michelmore, Molly C. "No Unnecessary Burden: Taxpayers and the Politics of Work, Family, and Welfare." Modern American History 4, no. 2 (July 2021): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2021.15.
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The history of the Social Security Amendments of 1967 illuminates the contours of fiscal citizenship. This watershed law created both work requirements for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients and new policy instruments, including federal child support enforcement, to compel poor men to fulfill their financial obligations to their families. Welfare reformers claimed that such changes were necessary to protect the rights of taxpayers against the “criminal” predations of welfare recipients. These policy changes initiated in 1967 redefined poor women's non-work, as well as their sexual and reproductive decisions, as crimes against taxpayers. Welfare recipients contested this logic and the policies that flowed from it by insisting on the value of their own domestic labor and rejecting a narrow view of taxpaying citizenship. The resolution of these questions played a critical role in revising the American social contract.
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Höhne, Sylva, and Věra Kuchařová. "Changes in the Financial Instruments of Family Policy in 2006-2015 and their Potential to Change Fertility Behaviour." Politická ekonomie 64, no. 7 (November 1, 2016): 867–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1094.
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Zhang, Jingyue, and Nan Lu. "What Matters Most for Community Social Capital among Older Adults Living in Urban China: The Role of Health and Family Social Capital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040558.
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The present study investigated individual-level determinants of community social capital among older adults in urban China, with a particular emphasis on health and family social capital. A quota sampling method was used to select 456 adults aged 60 or older from 16 local communities in the city of Suzhou in 2015. Multiple indicators and multiple courses in structural equation modeling were used to examine the proposed model. Latent constructs of community social capital (i.e., cognitive social capital and structural social capital) were established. The results showed that family social capital and instrumental activities of daily living were the most influential determinants of cognitive social capital, whereas activities of daily living and socioeconomic status were the most important determinants of structural social capital. We demonstrate the application of social capital theory in an urban Chinese context. Future policy development and social work interventions should use a more comprehensive social capital latent constructs and health indicators as screening instruments. The promotion of family social capital could play an important role in enhancing cognitive social capital among older adults.
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Jahoda, Robert, and Jana Godarová. "Family policy in the Czech Republic: Redistribution of wealth through the child tax bonus." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072213.
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Families with children are traditionally the target group of the social system in developed countries. This paper deals with one component of family policy in the Czech Republic, which is household entitlement. The main focus is on the child tax bonus (hereafter CTB). The paper is divided into descriptive and methodological-analytical parts. The descriptive section provides basic information about the beneficiaries of CTB. In the latter section we formulate research questions about the impacts and effects of CTB. We discover that the influence of tax instruments has grown in recent years. The amount of the tax bonus for children exceeded CZK 3 billion in 2009, with almost 22% of all households with children eligible. Although CTB is income-tested, its redistributive impact is rather small – approximately 80% of recipients cannot be considered as poor. Outcomes from our microsimulation model reveal that 82 to 86% households with CTB were at the same time modelled as eligible and therefore we can use microsimulation techniques for future analyses of policy change.
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Hutagalung, Simon Sumanjoyo, Dedy Hermawan, and Amir Husin. "Family planning instructor’s performance in the toddler family development program." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20868.
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Family planning instructors are vital in implementing the toddler family development program considering their function. This article aims: i) Analyze the performance of family planning instructors in the implementation of the toddler family development program/bina keluarga balita (BKB); ii) Analyse the factors supporting and inhibiting the effectiveness of the performance of family planning instructors in the community. This research used quantitative methods through survey instruments with a population of all family planning instructors which implementing toddler family development program. The pandemic situation has made the data collection process carried out by online questionnaires with Google Forms application. In order to obtain the required data, data collection was carried out through a questionnaire with a sample of 84 respondents. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistical analysis using MS.Excel and SPSS. The data analysis concluded that the performance of family planning instructors in managing the program is in the good category. In the process approach, effectiveness is shown from the fulfillment of these performance variables in the implementation of the program, so that by looking at the categories in the cumulative analysis that are in the good category.
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Kenny, Catherine. "Positive, humane and expeditious? An analysis of Ireland’s implementation of its obligations in relation to family reunification under the CRC." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 62, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v62i2.415.
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This paper will examine legislative and policy provisions relating to family reunification of persons granted international protection in Ireland and whether these comply with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). For the most part, the families involved can only hope to reunite in Ireland because return to the country of origin or a third country is impossible. Although the principle of family unity is generally expected in human rights instruments, the CRC is the only widely ratified international human rights instrument to include specific articles addressing the issue of family reunification, and this paper will assess compliance with those articles, and with the core principles obliging states to ensure that the views of children must be heard in all matters relating to them, and making “the best interests of the child” a primary consideration in all decisions concerning children. It will also address the issue of how Ireland’s implementation of its obligations under the CRC in respect to family reunification cannot be addressed in isolation from its policies to reduce the number of asylum claims which have seen the number of applications fall in 2010 for the eighth successive year, and its failure until relatively recently to provide adequate care and support for separated children seeking asylum.
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Corrado, Ray, Lauren Freedman, and Catherine Blatier. "THE OVER-REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN IN CARE IN THE YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: THEORY AND POLICY ISSUES." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 1/2 (January 31, 2011): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs21/220115429.
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<span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care, is associated with a disproportionate involvement in youth and adult criminal justice systems. While there is not extensive research on this relationship, there is evidence that many children in care have risk profiles consistent with criminal justice involvement. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of exposure to risk factors related to mental health, education, and antisocial behaviour among children in care, in addition to risk factors that are distinctive to those placed in child protection services. A recent large cohort dataset from British Columbia, Canada, is utilized to examine these risk profiles. Recommendations to identify those involved in child protection services most at risk for criminal justice involvement, with the use of risk management instruments such as the Cracow Instrument, are discussed. In addition, several other important policy themes regarding diagnostic and case management challenges are explored.</span>
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Enache, Cosmin. "Family and childcare support public expenditures and short-term fertility dynamics." Panoeconomicus 60, no. 3 (2013): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1303347e.
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In a period of very low fertility, effective family and childcare support policy measures are needed. From a wide range of instruments available to government intervention, we focus on public expenditures effects on short-term fertility. Using a sample of 28 European countries in a panel framework, we found that there is a small positive elasticity of crude birth rate to cash benefits related to childbirth and childrearing provided through social security system. Different public services provided to ease the burden of parents and all other benefits in kind, means or non-means tested, are found to be insignificant. These results are robust to alternative methods of estimation. Controlling for country heterogeneity by religion and by culture, some particularly interesting differences in birth rate determinants were highlighted as well.
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Xu, Lingzhong, Xingzhu Liu, Xiaoyun Sun, Liyi Fang, and Don Hindle. "Maternal and infant health prepayment schemes in Shandong, China: a survey of demand and supply." Australian Health Review 25, no. 3 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020015.
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Maternal and infant prepayment schemes(MIPSs) appeared in China in the early 1980s, as a way of helping women to set aside adequate funds for childbirth. The responsibility for design was devolved to the county level, and many different approaches have been applied. For this and other reasons, there has been no consensus on important matters such as the level of prepayment, the range of covered services, and whether township health centres or family planning stations should operate the schemes. We aimed to clarify some of the uncertainty by conducting combined analyses of cost, willingness to pay, and willingness to supply. We used structured survey instruments to interview 4271 households with children aged under one year, and 18 township health institutions. Our analyses suggest that the ideal prepayment should be higher and the range of covered services should be wider than the current average, and that health centres rather family planning stations should operate the schemes.
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Podgórska-Rykała, Joanna, and Aneta Zasuń. "LEGAL INSTRUMENTS OF FAMILY POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF A PROVISION INTRODUCED IN CONNECTION WITH THE GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAM „FAMILY 500+” IN THE RURAL VILLAGE OF LELÓW." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XVIII (June 30, 2018): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5987.
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The aim of the considerations is to assess the assumptions of the nearly 2-year government program “Family 500+” based on the example of the rural village of Lelów. Considerations are based on empirical data (including: interview, questionnaire and docu¬ment analysis), in the context of the original assumptions of the program creators. The rese¬arch part of the article was placed in a small rural village, located in the Silesia region. The provision “Family 500+” that is being discussed is functioning from April 1, 2016 and alre¬ady with the idea of its establishment a lot of controversy arose. The authors are looking for the answers to the question of who is the main beneficiary of support, whether it goes to the most needy families or not, and what are short-term, and what can be the long-term effects of the implemented solution? Are they in line with the political expectations of the program and its purpose, or do they lead to the consolidation of negative trends in the labor market?
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Meijer, Frits, Ad Straub, and Erwin Mlecnik. "Consultancy Centres and Pop-Ups as Local Authority Policy Instruments to Stimulate Adoption of Energy Efficiency by Homeowners." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082734.
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The housing sector is responsible for a more than a quarter of the total final energy consumption in the EU. As the majority (70%) of the EU-housing stock is owner occupied and largely consists of single family dwellings it is understandable that many countries focus their energy saving policies on homeowners. Complementary to the national policy frameworks, regional and local authorities implement locally based policy instruments targeting specific groups and individual homeowners. In order to enlarge the effectiveness of their policy instruments and to reach the energy saving goals, frontrunner local authorities in particular are searching for ways to reach homeowners. Consultancy centres and pop-ups can be a way to make individual homeowners more aware about their energy use and stimulate them to apply low carbon technologies. The research results not only show that a wide range of business models are available to develop, structure and organise these consultation centres and pop-ups, but also that they indeed could play an important role in accelerating the energy performance of owner occupied housing. Through a pop-up or consultancy centre, public and private parties can join their forces to reach, stimulate and support the individual needs and wishes of homeowners during their customer journey to realise an energy efficient dwelling.
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Schultheiss, Jana. "Steuern und Familienmodelle." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 39, no. 154 (March 1, 2009): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v39i154.443.
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By means of the taxation system the state is able to intervene in the living conditions of its citizens. The taxation of married couples and families in Germany is a good example which shows that specific life forms are encouraged by use of taxation politics. This article analyses different effects which are evoked by family policy regulations in the income taxation system. It furthermore deals with conflicts between sociopolitical instruments which tend to avoid poverty and those which pursue gender equality targets.
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Nasikh, Nasikh. "An Analysis of The Sustainable Fishing Land Conservation Policy." Economics Development Analysis Journal 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v9i4.39200.
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In order to implement the food sustainability and sovereignt, the sustainable fishing development has to be carried out. The research problem is how to analyze to sustain land conservation after the implementation of the Law number 23 in 2014 Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The specific aims of this analysis is to identify the implementation of the sustainable land conservation after the implementation of the Law number 23 in 2014 about the regional government, to identify the obstacle in the implementation of the policy, to identify the stabilizer of the implementation of the policy, and to propose recommendation of the policy strategy to be carried out by the regional government of Pasuruan, This study employs qualitative descriptive approach. The respondent of this study comes from farmer’s, in which Pasuruan regency is represented by respondents of SKPD (Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah or Regional Work Unit) from Regional Development Planning Agency (henceforth Bappeda). The research finding shows that Overall, the implementation of the lahan pangan berkelanjutan or the Sustainable Food Land (henceforth LPB) has complied with the Law number 1 2011 despite the planning and decision of LPB in RTRW (spatial planning), the obstacle in LPB is the absence of regional regulation, the model of strategic policy; the regencies synergistically coordinate with each other, encouraging the development of pond reserve as well as the role of private sector and society, and the synchronization of the state budget and the regional government budget, and all regional governments have to protect all LPB areas complying with the Law number 1 2011 and its derivation, and the strategy to improve the welfare of the farmer is related to the instruments which have the lowest force intensity, namely market instrument, family and community, and voluntary organizations.
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Burzec, Marcin. "TAX PREFERENCES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAXES." Review of European and Comparative Law 30, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4262.
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Article presents tax preferences in Czech Republic and Poland in the comparative aproach. The aim of the comparative study is to show how particular problems can be tackled by different countries by different measures. Both in Poland and the Czech Republic it is possible to identify common problems in the area of the tax law. One of such problems is an appropriate shape of tax preferences within the income tax contruction. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate how Poland and the Czech Republic, by shaping tax preferences within the construction of the income tax, tackle the problem of the taxpayer’s ability to pay. Further, it is shown how the two countries, by means of tax instruments, supplement their policy in areas as important as pro-family policy, supporting subjects implementing public tasks, the pension system, policy on people with disabilities, and housing policy.
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Singer, George H. S., and Mian Wang. "On a Few of Ann and Rud Turnbull's Many Contributions as Public Intellectuals." Inclusion 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-2.3.212.
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Abstract This article reflects on a few of the major intellectual contributions Ann and Rud Turnbull and their colleagues at the Beach Center on Family and Disability have made to their academic fields and to the wider society. The focus is on some of their key ideas that have been particularly innovative and important in changing the way scholars, policy makers, practitioners, and parents understand families of children with disabilities. The state of affairs in 1960 for a family of a newborn with an intellectual disability is compared to present conditions in order to highlight the extent of the historic shift in how the United States addresses the needs of families of children with disabilities. Four key intellectual contributions by the Turnbulls are discussed, with attention given to the social context in which they were developed and their subsequent impact on family research, policy, and professional practices. The importance of the development of new measurement instruments is emphasized and their value is discussed in both redirecting research and bridging the gap between academic audiences and the families who are meant to benefit from this work.
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Vittek, Peter, Slobodan Stojić, Andrej Lališ, and Vladimír Plos. "State Safety Programme and State Safety Plan - Part one – State Safety Programme structure." MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 2, no. 12 (November 15, 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2014.12.02.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">State Safety Programme and plan are considered the main instruments in safety management. In that matter, this paper focuses on their description and simultaneously tries to clarify a need and significance of their establishment and implementation within respective state. All elements, defined in ICAO doc. 9859 as State Safety Programme (SSP) fundamentals, are separately described. These elements are divided into four groups, further detailed in individual chapters – State Safety Policy and objectives, State Safety Risk management, State safety assurance, State Safety Promotion.</span>
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Date-Bah, Eugenia. "Appropriate Policy for Gender Equality in Employment: Insights from the ILO Interdepartmental Project on Equality for Women in Employment*." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 2, no. 1-2 (December 1996): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822919600200202.
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Using insights from the recent ILO Interdepartmental Project on Equality for Women in Employment, the article portrays gender inequality in the work situation as a complex issue requiring a number of interlinked strategies within a comprehensive proactive policy framework for its effective tackling. Interventions are required in: legal framework and enforcement; labour market, training and the general macro and micro-economic context; working conditions and reconciliation of work and family responsibilities; social security coverage; women's representation in decision-making; women's mobilization and participation in workers' and employers' organizations; and roles and concerted action by governments, employers, workers' organizations and other relevant bodies of civil society. Relevant statistical measurement instruments, concepts and up-to-date sex-disaggregated data are necessary for accurate assessment and monitoring. The creation of a supportive legislative framework, for example, involves reflecting gender equality in labour laws as well as in family and marriage, inheritance, contract, property ownership, national constitution and customary laws since the latter also influence women's economic situation and in some situations are even more important than the former.
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Afrilia, Hilda, and Indriya Indriya. "Internalisasi Pendidikan Karakter Islami Anak Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19." Al-Fikr: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/alfikr.v6i2.73.
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This research aims to find out how families play in the planting of Islamic character education in childrenduring the COVID-19 outbreak. The research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. While the datapurposive sampling techniques with questionnaire-assisted instruments from Google. The analysis of the dataused is qualitatively descriptive. The results show that with the government's policy of closing schools anddoing distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Islamic character education planting in childrenduring the COVID-19 pandemic is in desperate need of family roles. The role of the family is very importantbecause the family is the nearest neighborhood of the child and also the informal educational institution ofthe child early on, especially the parent who is the first madrassa for the child. to apply Islamic charactereducation is also needed efforts are made so that the character of Islami is attached to the child untiladulthood later that will be discussed in this research.
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Katzenstein, Mary Fainsod, and Maureen R. Waller. "Taxing the Poor: Incarceration, Poverty Governance, and the Seizure of Family Resources." Perspectives on Politics 13, no. 3 (September 2015): 638–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271500122x.
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In the last decades, the American state has radically enlarged the array of policy instruments utilized in today’s governance of the poor. Most recently, through a process of outright “seizure,” the state now exacts revenue from low-income families, partners, and friends of those individuals who in very large numbers cycle in and out of the nation’s courts, jails, and prisons. In an analysis of legislation, judicial cases, policy regulations, blog, chat-line postings, and survey data, we explore this new form of taxation. In doing so, we endeavor to meet two objectives: The first is to document policies which pressure individuals (mostly men) entangled in the court and prison systems to rely on family members and others (mostly women) who serve as the safety net of last resort. Our second objective is to give voice to an argument not yet well explored in the sizeable incarceration literature: that the government is seizing resources from low-income families to help finance the state’s own coffers, including the institutions of the carceral state itself. Until now, no form of poverty governance has been depicted as so baldly drawing on family financial support under the pressure of punishment to extract cash resources from the poor. This practice of seizure constitutes the very inversion of welfare for the poor. Instead of serving as a source of support and protection for poor families, the state saps resources from indigent families of loved ones in the criminal justice system in order to fund the state’s project of poverty governance.
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Dudek, Michał, and Tomasz Wojewodzic. "Does a Demographic Crisis Threaten European and Polish Agriculture?" Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 1 (190) (July 19, 2021): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir012021/05.
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In recent decades, problems in family farming have been coupled with a demographic crisis. In the face of unfavourable demographic forecasts and processes, the EU’s agricultural policy has consistently underlined the strategic importance of family farming and the need for its development as a vital segment of the economy and the core of rural communities. The paper aims to assess the grounds for policies focusing on alleviation of the demographic crisis in EU agriculture as well as giving a preliminary presentation of the effects of implementing the instrument involving subsidies for young farmers’ farms, on the example of Poland. The analyses suggest that the mechanisms for accelerating generational changes in EU agriculture have been based on questionable premises and have been not adjusted to the needs at national and regional level. In the EU policy documents and public debate, the support for generational turnover is based on arguments diagnosing a particularly adverse demographic situation in the agricultural sector. The article shows that this position is too general and unnuanced, because it does not include the general long-term population changes, other economic sectors and the different socio-economic and institutional contexts in member states, as well as being limited to a narrow range and often non-comparable public statistics. At present it is also hard to find justification for claims that instruments like subsidies for young farmers have resolved the problem of farms without successors and contributed to generational renewal in agriculture. Varied sources of data and information have been used, including EU and Polish legislation, thematic and expert studies related to demographic issues in agriculture, and empirical material gathered by public institutions.
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Condori-Fernandez, Nelly, Patricia Lago, Miguel R. Luaces, and Ángeles S. Places. "An Action Research for Improving the Sustainability Assessment Framework Instruments." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041682.
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In the last years, software engineering researchers have defined sustainability as a quality requirement of software, but not enough effort has been devoted to develop new methods/techniques to support the analysis and assessment of software sustainability. In this study, we present the Sustainability Assessment Framework (SAF) that consists of two instruments: the software sustainability–quality model, and the architectural decision map. Then, we use participatory and technical action research in close collaboration with the software industry to validate the SAF regarding its applicability in specific cases. The unit of analysis of our study is a family of software products (Geographic Information System- and Mobile-based Workforce Management Systems) that aim to address sustainability goals (e.g., efficient collection of dead animals to mitigate social and environmental sustainability risks). The results show that the sustainability–quality model integrated with the architectural decision maps can be used to identify sustainability–quality requirements as design concerns because most of its quality attributes (QAs) have been either addressed in the software project or acknowledged as relevant (i.e., creating awareness on the relevance of the multidimensional sustainability nature of certain QAs). Moreover, the action–research method has been helpful to enrich the sustainability–quality model, by identifying missing QAs (e.g., regulation compliance, data privacy). Finally, the architectural decision maps have been found as useful to guide software architects/designers in their decision-making process.
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Sa’adatar Rohmah, Nilna, RR Sri Ratna Rahayu, and Fitri Indrawati. "PENGARUH PERAN PENGAWAS MENELAN OBAT (PMO) TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS DALAM MENGIKUTI PROGRAM PENGOBATAN DOTS (DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORTCOUSE)." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 8, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v8i2.302.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TBC) treatment regimens require the introduction of PMO (Drugs Swallowing Drug) standardized on International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) with DOTS strategy (Directly Observed Treatment Shortcouse). The goal of controlling new challenges such as TB/HIV co-infection, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR), Extensively Drug Resistance (XDR) and Loss to follow-up.
Objective: Type of cross sectional study. Population 35 PMO using saturated samples. Methods: The instruments used are questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data analysis is univariate, bivariate and multivariate.
Results: The result of the study was the relationship between the role of PMO from family members in the supervision of taking medicine (p=0,024), there was a relationship between the role of PMO from family members in drug taking assistance in Fasyankes (p=0,002) and there was relationship between the influence of PMO role from family member accompaniment of sputum checks in Fasyankes (p=0,005) to TBC patient compliance.
Conclusion: There is a statistical correlation between the roles of PMO from the family towards adherence to tuberculosis patients. Suggestion of research is given to related parties be reformed TBC control policy related to election criteria of PMO coming from family member in Semarang regency.
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An, Mi Young. "Welfare States and Care Arrangements: Care Time Mix Approach and Its Application to Japan and Korea." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746415000640.
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This article suggests how notions of replacing, supplementing and valuing care by the family can be linked with policy instruments of childcare services, leave provisions, and cash for care by family, to influence care arrangements at collective and individual levels. It analyses care arrangements in Japan and Korea, estimating their changes over approximately ten years using the care time mix approach. The findings suggest that at the beginning of the new millennium, care arrangements in both countries were configured as female>non-state>male>state. A decade later, Japan remains the same, whereas Korea has become a paid care economy configured as non-state>female>male>state. Unpaid care economy remains gendered, but over time, Japanese men's contribution has marginally increased, with the opposite being true in Korea. The article discusses what the transformation of the paid care economy in Korea, and its expansion in Japan, imply for social structures in the respective countries.
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Kuehne, G., H. Bjornlund, and B. Cheers. "Identifying common traits among Australian irrigators using cluster analysis." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.681.
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In Australia there is a growing awareness that the over-allocation of water entitlements to irrigators needs to be reduced so that environmental flow allocations can be increased. This means that some water will need to be acquired from irrigators and returned to the environment. Most current water reform policies assume that irrigators are solely motivated by profit and will be willing sellers of water, but this might be an untenable approach. Authorities will need to consider new ways of encouraging the participation of irrigators in water reform. The main aim of this research was to identify the non-commercial influences acting on irrigators' behaviour, especially the influence of the values that they hold toward family, land, water, community and lifestyle. The study also aimed to investigate whether it is possible to group irrigators according to these values and then use the groupings to describe how these might affect their willingness to participate in environmental reforms. We clustered the irrigators into three groups with differing orientations; (i) Investors [25%]—profit oriented, (ii) Lifestylers [25%]–lifestyle oriented, (iii) Providers [50%]–family-succession oriented. This research indicates that when designing policy instruments to acquire water for environmental purposes policy-makers should pay more attention to the factors influencing irrigators' decision making, especially non-commercial factors.
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Schott, Eloise, Fabiane Aparecida Canaan Rezende, Silvia Eloiza Priore, Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro, and Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini. "Methodologies for assessing the household food availability in the context of food (in)security: a systematic review." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 25, no. 7 (July 2020): 2677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020257.29342018.
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Abstract This article aims to identify the methods used to assess household food availability in studies on food and nutritional security and to discuss its methodological aspects. Systematic review elaborated according to the PRISMA method. We searched at PubMed; Scielo and Lilacs databases, and studies that used methods of assessing the availability of food at home were included. In the end, 19 papers composed the review. Food availability was predominantly assessed for a seven days period and from a single data measurement. Other variables were also observed in the studies, such as socio-demographic data and expenditure on food. Among the limitations to assess the food availability at home, we can highlight the difficulty in measuring the food distribution among family members and the lack of information on the variability of this availability. Such assessment can be improved by investigating the strengths and weaknesses of the instruments for greater detail and accuracy of the information. We recommend the development and validation of specific instruments capable of effectively measure the food availability at the household level.
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USMAN, BUSHRA, and SHEIKH USMAN YOUSAF. "What it Takes to be a Successful Woman Entrepreneur: A Qualitative Insight." International Review of Management and Business Research 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/10-1(2021)-12.
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Improving women entrepreneurship is about improving the societies and economies. Women across the globe have impactful participation in the field of entrepreneurship yet they receive relatively lesser attention from entrepreneurship researchers. The field lacks in its own theories and measures hence, employs borrowed ones. Further, most of the researchers use the same tools to measure entrepreneurial performance and success for both male and female entrepreneurs while ignoring the basic differences of their motives to become entrepreneurs. Similarly, women centric success measuring instruments have not been given due attention in past studies and it remained a big gap in research. This study aims to reveal what success is for women entrepreneurs and develops a success measuring tool. Hermeneutic Phenomenology approach was used to attain these objectives. Interviews were conducted from Malaysian female entrepreneurs. The study explored first, second and broader constructs to understand the true meanings of success which is found to be a multifaceted phenomenon having its roots embedded in the dimensions of autonomy, intrinsic-satisfaction, customer-base, business-growth, family, networking and business-performance. Furthermore, it develops a success measuring instrument for women entrepreneurs based upon identified themes. The devised success instrument may practically contribute in gauging women entrepreneurship success for academicians, researchers, women entrepreneurs, policy makers and others. Women entrepreneurship can significantly contribute in economic development and understanding/measuring their perceived success would assist all related stakeholders. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Success Instrument, Hermeneutic Phenomenology.
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Beltrame, Daniela M. de Oliveira, Camila Neves Soares Oliveira, Teresa Borelli, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso Santiago, Estelamaris Tronco Monego, Veridiana Vera de Rosso, Lidio Coradin, and Danny Hunter. "Diversifying institutional food procurement:." Raízes: Revista de Ciências Sociais e Econômicas 36, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37370/raizes.2016.v36.459.
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The Brazilian Food Procurement Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) were identified by the GEF-funded Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project (BFN)¹ as policy instruments with the greatest potential for diversifying institutional food procurement and improving diets while supporting family farming. This paper discusses the opportunities identified for mainstreaming biodiversity through PAA and PNAE, targeted activities undertaken as well as two case studies. The first case study presents findings linked to the implementation of the PNAE in quilombola communities in Goiás, while the second describes results of the inclusion of Juçara fruits (Euterpe edulis Mart.) in school meals in São Paulo. The paper concludes by highlighting some of the key barriers to better biodiversity mainstreaming and institutional food procurement together with some recommendations.
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Irvine, Diane. "The Development of Measures of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Changes in Job Behaviours Related to Quality Management in Health Care." Health Services Management Research 8, no. 3 (August 1995): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489500800301.
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A study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals in Canada for the purpose of developing instruments to measure organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) and changes in job behaviours that occur as a result of participation on hospital quality improvement (CQI) teams. Semi structured interviews were conducted among 52 hospital employees in order to elicit critical incidents of OCB and changes in job behaviours related to CQI. The results of the staff interviews were used to develop a measure of OCB in the hospital setting, and a measure of changes in job behaviours related to CQI. 39 employees, who were drawn from the major departments within the two hospitals on the basis of their membership on CQI teams, participated in a test of the psychometric properties of the two research instruments. Exploratory factor analysis, employing an orthogonal rotation, yielded two factors that accounted for 30% of the variation among the OCB items. The Cronbach alpha for items loading highly on the first factor was .88. The factor was labelled ‘OCB directed towards individuals within the organization’. This factor was dominated by items reflecting the kinds of extra-role job behaviours employees engage in to assist patients, family members, visitors, and other employees within the organization. The Cronbach alpha for items loading highly on the second factor was 0.71. The second factor was labelled ‘organizationally directed OCB’, and consisted of behaviours that reflected an impersonal form of OCB in the hospital setting. Factor analysis, employing an orthogonal rotation, yielded four factors that accounted for 48% of the variation among the items measuring changes in job behaviours related to CQI. The four factors were labelled ‘problem-solving’, Cronbach alpha 0.82; ‘customer awareness’, Cronbach alpha 0.79; ‘use of CQI knowledge’, Cronbach alpha 0.77; and ‘organizational interests’, Cronbach alpha 0.79. The two OCB factors were moderately correlated, there were no significant correlations among any of the factors measuring changes in job behaviours related to CQI, and the problem-solving job behaviours factor was moderately correlated with the two OCB factors. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Al Amin, Mohammad Mastak, Md Shohel Rana, and Iftekhar Mohammad Shafiqul Kalam. "Population Movements Towards Dhaka: Disquiets And Commendations." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p402.
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Internal migration is now a significant constituent for policy issues in Bangladesh, so there is a need to strengthen the statistical resources devoted to monitoring population movements which directly track migrants and provide household level data. The main objective of our study was to examine the factors and characteristics of individual’s internal migration towards Dhaka city, Bangladesh and recommend some policy issues. We considered a sample of 448 individuals from the rural and urban areas of Bangladesh those migrated to Dhaka city. Here we tried to figuring the determinants of socio-economic, economic and environmental factors related with the internal migration. We tried to interpret the differences between individual’s income, occupational positions, years of schooling, educational facilities and wealth of family before and after migration process. We found that the significant factors liable for internal migration were mainly occupational, educational and climatic. Ordinary least square technique was applied on three regression models which indicated that there were differences due to internal migration regarding to these economic, demographic and environmental factors in Bangladesh. Also we tried to recommend some policies and instruments about the future policy of internal migration.
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Kowalczyk, Olga. "Ćwierć wieku reformowania systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce — wybrane aspekty." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 24 (May 7, 2018): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.24.5.
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Quarter-century of reform in the social security system for the disabled in Poland — selected aspectsSocial policy regarding people with disabilities has been transformed over the past 25 years. The greatest change is seen in the social security system for this social group, including the area of jurisprudence and the availability of funding and services. The system of supported employment has also been reformed. This paper analyzes the effects of instruments studying employment, highlights selected aspects of the disability pension system that is expected to be adjusted under the new pension system, and discusses some aspects of long-term care - benefits available to dependent family members. The aim of the article is to try to assess the reforms undertaken in the context of the whole-life situation of people with disabilities.
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Edith, AREH, Chinwe, Benjamin Okorie Ajah, Oguejiofo C. P. Ezeanya, EZE, Ann Ugomma, Stanley Ikenna Onwuchekwe, and Chukwuemeka Dominic Onyejegbu. "The Troubling Epidemic of Wife-Battering in Ogbaru and Onitsha North Local Government Areas of Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (August 23, 2021): 1349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.155.
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Purpose: Debates and assumptions on the trend, motives/causes and implications of wife-battering in Nigeria are largely speculative. The purpose of this article is to explore in a raw form, the socio-economic determinants of wife-battering, on the sub-areas of family violence. Methods: Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, a sample of 364 respondents comprising 196 males and 168 females was drawn from Anambra State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were used to reach the respondents. Questionnaire and in-depth interviews were instruments for data collection. Results: Findings confirmed that wife-battering in Ogbaru and Onitsha-North Local Government Areas is most often caused by denial of sex and infidelity. Conclusion: The policy implications calls for the creation of local government welfare units to be holding periodic talk shows for married couples on the imperative of living happily.
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Chong, Diane Woei Quan, Suhana Jawahir, Ee Hong Tan, and Sondi Sararaks. "Redesigning a Healthcare Demand Questionnaire for National Population Survey: Experience of a Developing Country." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094435.
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Since its inception in 1986, the contents of the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) have been periodically updated to support emerging health data needs for evidence-based policy and program development. In 2018, the healthcare demand questionnaire was redesigned to capture diverse and changing population demand for healthcare services and their utilization pattern. This paper describes the methods and processes undertaken in redesigning the questionnaire. We aim to highlight the systematic and inclusive approach, enabling all potential evidence users to be involved, indirectly encouraging research evidence uptake for policy and program planning. We applied a systematic approach of comprehensive literature search for national-level population survey instruments implemented globally and translated non-English tools to English. The development phases were iterative, conducted in parallel with active stakeholder engagements. Here, we detailed the processes in the planning and exploratory phase as well as a qualitative assessment of the questionnaire. We included instruments from 45 countries. The majority were from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and focused on perceived health, health-related behavior, and healthcare use. Thirty-four stakeholders from 14 areas of expertise were involved. Stakeholders identified additional content areas required, such as chronic pain, alternative use of healthcare services (community pharmacy, home-visit, and private medical laboratory), family doctor, and informal caregiving. The questionnaire, redesigned based on existing literature with concordant involvement and iterative feedback from stakeholders, improved the choice of health topics through the identification of new topics and modification of existing questions to better meet future evidence needs on health problems, strategy, and program planning towards strengthening the nation’s health systems.
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Haris, Samsul, and Nevi Danila. "FDI ON ECONOMICS GROWTH; INDONESIA CASE STUDY." Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J), no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v0i1.5081.
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<p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 100%;" lang="id-ID" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times\ New\ Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">FDI is one of the factors that encourage the growth of the economy, especially for developing countries. Indonesia has prepared an economic policy package and a taxation policy for booting the investments, including FDI. This paper investigates whether the FDI is one of the essential instruments to improve the growth of Indonesia economy. Multiple regression with GDP as a dependent variable; and FDI, Trade, Government Expenditure, and Inflation as independent variables are employed. The data is from 1985 up to 2015 period. FDI does not have any impact on GDP, while others variables influence the growth of the economy. It suggests that the goals of FDI, namely technology transfer, development of human resources, are not achieved entirely. It implies that the package of economic policy and taxation are not enough for FDI to have the impact on GDP, but others factors, such as wage rate, labor skills, transport and infrastructure, and property rights, must be developed.</span></span></p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"> </p>
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Carbajo Nogal, Carlos. "Cincuenta años de política fiscal en materia de vivienda = Fifty years of tax policy in housing." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 14 (March 4, 2012): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i14.598.
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Resumen<br /><br />El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de la política de vivienda en nuestro país a partir de los años sesenta y hasta la actualidad, estudiando para ello los planes plurianuales de subsidios y ayudas a la vivienda. Estos actúan como instrumentos presupuestarios que incluyen medidas de fomento basadas, en la mayor parte de los casos en ayudas a fondo perdido, en la financiación de los diferenciales de interés o de la propia cuota o en la concesión de créditos preferenciales en función de los ingresos de las familias y del tipo de viviendas protegidas en cada periodo; se hace particular hincapié en los beneficios de naturaleza fiscal, que en los años sesenta y setenta se centran en la ampliación del hasta entonces escaso parque de viviendas sobre las que la población española empezaba ya a decantarse sobre el régimen de tenencia en propiedad. Desde esa fecha hasta hoy las políticas públicas han ido evolucionando y pese al alto nivel de viviendas en régimen de propiedad, los poderes públicos han vuelto de nuevo la vista al mercado del alquiler como posible respuesta al problema de la vivienda.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of housing policy in our country since the sixties and until today, by assessing grant term plans and housing assistance. These act as budgetary instruments including building measures based, in most cases in refundable aid in the financing of interest rate differentials or own quota or preferential lending based on income family and the type of housing in each period; places particular emphasis on the benefits of a fiscal nature, that at first, in the sixties and seventies are focused on expanding the hither to scarce housing stock on that the Spanish population was beginning to opt for tenure in property. From then until now public policies have evolved and despite the high level of housing ownership, public authorities have become again the view to the rental market as a possible answer to the housing problem.