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Journal articles on the topic 'Family producer'
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Dal Belo Leite, João Guilherme, Jos Bijman, Martin K. van Ittersum, and Maja Slingerland. "Producer Organizations, Family Farms and Market Connection." Outlook on Agriculture 43, no. 2 (2014): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2014.0159.
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Moran, Warren, Greg Blunden, and Adrian Bradly. "Empowering Family Farms through Cooperatives and Producer Marketing Boards." Economic Geography 72, no. 2 (1996): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144264.
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Sah, Bhola Shankar, Manita Aryal, Dipak Bhargava, and Amrullah Siddique. "Drug Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae Family." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 4 (November 16, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21672.
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Objectives: This study was done to determine the drug resistance pattern and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) in bacterial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family from different clinical specimens.Methods: The isolates were identified by conventional culture techniques and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion methods and ESBL detection by combined disk method.Results: Of the total 1602 sample processed 200 (12.5%) bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated and 85.5% of them were multidrug resistant. Of the total Enterobacteriaceae isolates 27% were ESBL producers. Single isolate of stool was MDR and ESBL producer. Higher prevalence of MDR isolates (100%) and ESBL producer (41.2%) was observed in sputum specimen. Higher multidrug resistance (92.1%) and ESBL production (35%) was detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusion: The most effective antibiotics towards the isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were imipenem, amikacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Emergence of MDR and ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae requires proper infection control measures and routine and reliable detection of ESBL with rationale use of antibiotics.
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Bolin, Kristian, Lena Jacobson, and Björn Lindgren. "The family as the health producer—when spouses act strategically." Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 3 (2002): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00135-7.
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Jacobson, Lena. "The family as producer of health — an extended grossman model." Journal of Health Economics 19, no. 5 (2000): 611–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(99)00041-7.
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Wu, Heng, Yu Yu Li, and Ke Di Ma. "Components Replenishment Policy for ATO Producer Based on Consumer Choice Behavior." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1564.
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Under the assumption that product family manufacturer adopts assemble-to-order (ATO) to assemble common component and specific components into two kinds of product belonging to a same product family and being substitutive for each other, a product marketing and components replenishment model is developed. The optimal marketing and replenishment policy for product family ATO manufacturer is obtained. And an algorithm for the optimal policy is proposed. It is shown through theoretical, numerical and empirical analysis that product family ATO producer should make the prices of products no larger than their intrinsic value, and the difference between prices not too big or too small; with the rise of product intrinsic value, producer should raise the prices of whole product family, increase the time with components in stock and shorten the cycle of replenishment.
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Krull, Susan, Malin Lünsmann, Ulf Prüße, and Anja Kuenz. "Ustilago Rabenhorstiana—An Alternative Natural Itaconic Acid Producer." Fermentation 6, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6010004.
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Itaconic acid is an industrial produced chemical by the sensitive filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus and can replace petrochemical-based monomers for polymer industry. To produce itaconic acid with alternative renewable substrates, such as lignocellulosic based hydrolysates, a robust microorganism is needed due to varying compositions and impurities. Itaconic acid producing basidiomycetous yeasts of the family Ustilaginaceae provide this required characteristic and the species Ustilago rabenhorstiana was examined in this study. By an optimization of media components, process parameters, and a fed-batch mode with glucose the final titer increased from maximum 33.3 g·L−1 in shake flasks to 50.3 g·L−1 in a bioreactor. Moreover, itaconic acid was produced from different sugar monomers based on renewable feedstocks by U. rabenhorstiana and the robustness against weak acids as sugar degradation products was confirmed. Based on these findings, U. rabenhorstiana has a high potential as alternative natural itaconic acid producer besides the well-known U. maydis and A. terreus.
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Bolin, Kristian, Lena Jacobson, and Björn Lindgren. "The family as the health producer — when spouses are Nash-bargainers." Journal of Health Economics 20, no. 3 (2001): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(00)00086-2.
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Andrighi, Daniela, Adriane Ferreira Frizzo, Iucif Abrão Nascif Junior, and Karina Ramirez Starikoff. "Milk consumption habits on dairy for farmers of family farming." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 56, no. 2 (2019): e155455. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.155455.
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Brazil is one of the largest milk producers in the world and most establishments are small producers of family farming. Milk is a perishable product and due to its nutritional characteristics provides a favorable environment for the growth of bacteria. The objective of this research was to evaluate the consumption habits of milk in family farms, identifying the consumption forms, evaluating the risks and the perception of risk by the producers, besides evaluating the sanitary management adopted in the properties with respect to the diseases transmitted by the milk and milk products. One hundred eleven producers from the city of Realeza-PR were interviewed. Almost half (48.64%, 54/111) had a small production with up to 10 lactating animals. Most of the producers had animals with a low productivity, and the average milk production per animal was less than 10 liters. The milk produced was consumed internally by 93.67% (104/111) of those interviewed, and 7.2% (8/111) claim to ingest raw milk without any previous heat treatment. Some producers(18%, 20/111) still made dairy products, like cheese and dulce de leche. Although 82.87% (92/111) reported having knowledge about the transmission of diseases through milk, only 49.54% (55/111) named the diseases. Not all producers conducted tests in the herd for disease control. The present study also found that only 4 people interviewed (3.6%, 4/111) associated the consumption of raw milk with some illness and reported having some symptoms, such as vomiting, nausea, skin allergy, colic and gas. Thus, it is necessary to inform and guide producers about the risks associated with raw milk consumption, so that not only the health of the producer is assured, but also the family and the population that may acquire this product informally.
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Huhn, K. J., E. J. Seymour, and A. M. Ridley. "Environmental Management Systems in the Australian lamb industry: challenges and opportunities for family farms." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2007): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06256.
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An Environmental Management System (EMS) has been piloted in the Victorian lamb industry by two producer groups, one with an export focus and one with a domestic focus. We report on producers’ motivation to become involved in EMS, their current environmental performance in 15 aspects of farm management estimated through self-assessment and their experiences with an entry level EMS process. Producers were surveyed to assess motivation for participating before commencing. The results showed a major motivation was concern for the environment and an expressed ‘feeling’ of being responsible for the environmental impacts of their farming activities, both on and beyond the farm. Results from the completion of a self-assessment workbook indicate that producers on average scored well (>66%) in the management of more traditional farming aspects such as livestock and pastures and less well (<49%) in non-traditional aspects such as energy efficiency. All producers in the pilot project have progressed from self-assessment to implementing part of or a full EMS. This has provided insights into producer readiness for adoption with most supporting a staged approach and entry at a low level. We conclude that without market drivers, progress to ISO 14001 certification is not practical for most ‘small’ lamb producers. This supports the concept of a staged approach to EMS as being more achievable than immediate progress to ISO 14001 certification in the first instance because there are insufficient private benefits for most producers. We conclude that producers will need considerable extension support if EMS is to be adopted by more than a minority of producers (even the lower level approaches). Although environmentally motivated producers are likely to be interested in a Stage 2 EMS with extension support, incentives are likely to be required if the majority of producers are to embrace EMS.
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Castro Tavares, Rafael, and Cassia Renata Pinheiro. "Risk Management Applied to Brazilian Family Agriculture." Quaestum 1 (November 30, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22167/2675-441x-20200534.
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Although hazards exist in all agricultural settings—particularly for the family farmer—uncertainties related to productionplace food security and family subsistence at risk. The objective of thisstudy was therefore to analyze the components of risk managementapplied to family farming. To this end, we performed an exploratorystudy using data from a statistical survey of the 2018 AgriculturalCensus. Our results showed risks that were classified between mediumand high. We observed that 45.8% of producers received retirementfunds, implying they tend to be an older population. As a result,family succession work aimed at strengthening agricultural activitiesthrough technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) are necessary,since 80.1% of properties do not receive specialized guidance. Wealso found that 59% of the producers are not registered with theDeclaration of Aptitude to Pronaf (DAP), which is an instrument usedto access differentiated public programs. In this case, we observedthat 52.2% of credit comes from government programs, with Pronafaccounting for the highest volume of credit (40.2% of resources).Using these data, we find that integrated risk management contributesto the daily activities of the rural producer, promotes the continuousimprovement of the family business, assists in decision-making, andultimately results in a reduction of losses and increases family income.
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Neto, Thiago Oliveira. "Relaciones capitalistas en el Asentamiento Realidad en la BR-319 km 570 (Amazonas)/ Capitalist relations in Reality Settlement in BR-319 km 570 (Amazonas)." Eutopía, Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial, no. 12 (December 7, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/eutopia.12.2017.2921.
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La producción de alimentos para el mercado pretende atender las necesidades de consumo de centros urbanos, y, concomitantemente, de familiares del productor. Por lo tanto, el productor necesita establecer relaciones con el mercado, a donde se envía el producto o el excedente de la producción; mientras que permanece en la propia comunidad donde se produce y donde residen los productores. Los recursos obtenidos con la comercialización, por regla general, se emplean en la producción propia del productor. Esta breve consideración general se estructura en el asentamiento del Incra, situado en el kilómetro 570 de la carretera BR-319, en el municipio de Humaitá, donde los productores agrícolas se organizaron para realizar la producción, el beneficiamiento y el transporte hasta los centros consumidores.
 
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 The production of food for the market aims to meet the consumption needs of urban centers, and, at the same time, family of the producer. Thus, the producer needs to establish relationships with the market, where the product or production surplus is sent; While another part remains in the very community where it is produced and where the producers live. The proceeds from the sale, as a rule, are used in the producer's own production. This brief general consideration is structured in the Incra settlement, located at kilometer 570 of the BR-319 highway, in the municipality of Humaitá, where agricultural producers organized to carry out production, processing and transportation to the consumer centers.
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ESPIÉ, E., V. VAILLANT, P. MARIANI-KURKDJIAN, et al. "Escherichia coliO157 outbreak associated with fresh unpasteurized goats' cheese." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 1 (2005): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805004887.
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SUMMARYA family cluster of three cases ofEscherichia coliO157 infection was identified in France. Two cases developed haemolytic–uraemic syndrome. The source was fresh unpasteurized goats' cheese, produced by an independent producer. ThreeE. coliO157 strains, isolated from one HUS case and faeces of one cow and one goat, were indistinguishable by toxin type and PFGE pattern.
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Graham, Gary W., P. Charles Goebel, Randall B. Heiligmann, and Matthew S. Bumgardner. "Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Production Practices within the Ohio Maple Syrup Industry." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (2007): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.290.
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Abstract Maple syrup production contributes approximately $5 million annually to Ohio's economy and provides supplemental nontimber forest product income for forestland owners. To better understand the factors that influence this important nontimber forest industry in Ohio, including producer heritage, producer age, sap collection methods, size of maple operation, and educational programming, we conducted a detailed survey of all known Ohio maple syrup producers (761 total producers). Over 80% of producers responded to the survey (620 respondents), making our analysis one of the most extensive of a maple industry in North America. In general, most maple operations in Ohio are part-time, family-based enterprises and over 25% of Ohio's maple producers are of Amish heritage. Although we estimate that there are over 400,000 taps in the state, the typical sugarbush is relatively small—the average sugarbush is 27 ac in size and over a third of the operations have fewer than 100 taps. Chi-square analyses did reveal several significant (α = 0.05) associations among producer characteristics. Although Amish producers were significantly younger and had significantly larger operations than their English or non-Amish counterparts (P < 0.001), a higher proportion of English producers reported using tubing collection systems than Amish producers (P = 0.031). Additionally, while larger maple operations tended to use tubing systems more frequently (P < 0.001), we did not detect a significant association between sap collection method (bucket versus tubing) and producer age (P = 0.169). Finally, English producers tend to be older. Older producers (>53 years old), producers using tubing collection systems, and producers with more than 250 taps were significantly more likely to participate in Ohio State University (OSU) Extension educational programming (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest significant relationships among producer demographics and the characteristics of maple operations in Ohio, and future OSU educational programming should be tailored to reflect these important relationships.
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Holjenčík, Jozef, František Janíček, Vladimír Šály, Katarína Knošková, Dáša Šišková, and Milan Perný. "ANALYSIS OF SUPPORT SCHEMES AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF SETTLEMENT OF THE BALANCE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 6, no. 1 (2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2017.1.015.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">Support for electricity produced from renewable energy sources is a key priority for the European Union due to reasons of security and diversification of energy supply, environmental protection, sustainable development, and because the use of electricity from renewable sources is an important part of the measures necessary to comply with the Kyoto Protocol. The article is also focused on several options settlement balance between the producer and supplier of electricity produced from renewable energy sources.</span>
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Chauhan, Ajay A., Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez, and María Moral-Moral. "The Largest European Blackberry Producer: A Research Case Study on Entrepreneurship and Family Business." International Journal of Family Business Practices 1, no. 1 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ijfbp.v1i1.626.
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<p>The present paper is based on a field research on the evolution of a saga of family entrepreneurs in Spain, with four generations involved. From the modest beginnings of a canned tomato factory, longer than a century ago, the case explains its transformation up to the current reality of being recognized as the largest blackberry European producer, named ‘Agrícola El Bosque’. Through the personal experience of its main characters, the case displays the very different stages through which this entrepreneurial family has traveled, especially the keys to the successful development of ‘Agrícola El Bosque’, including the last major project that has promoted, based on a process of cooperation with other berries producers in the area. This commercial alliance, branded as 'Plus Berries', leads us to reflect on the future of the growth model followed until now by this family business. On the foundations of this case, some lessons can be extracted and shed light on particular aspects of the scientific literature on family business management, as well as on how entrepreneurial spirit can be fed and flourish at the heat of the development and consolidation of a cluster of companies in an industry.</p>
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Vántus, András. "Study on the Work Organization at Dairy Farms." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 10 (May 11, 2003): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3508.
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Joining the European Union Hungarian producers have advantages but they need to solve some problems too. Only those producers can compete who will be able to produce extra quality milk. However the circumstances of milk production are not up to the task.The author examined the work organization of 7 dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar County. Data were collected about the situation of farms, equipment of barns, objets of production, work force, qualification of workers, and productivity of work. He examined the applied motivation methods at farms. He concluded that as the number of cows per farm increases work productivity increases too. From the examination it appeared that family farms applied different motivation system from bigger producer organizations. The author put forward proposals for motivation possibilities to improve milk quality, atmosphere, and general feeling of workers.
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Haas, Kelly Nicole, and Jeffrey L. Blanchard. "Kineothrix alysoides, gen. nov., sp. nov., a saccharolytic butyrate-producer within the family Lachnospiraceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 2 (2017): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001643.
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THAPALIYA, SUDHA, MATTHEW G. INTERIS, ALBA J. COLLART, LURLEEN M. WALTERS, and KIMBERLY L. MORGAN. "ARE CONSUMER HEALTH CONCERNS INFLUENCING DIRECT-FROM-PRODUCER PURCHASING DECISIONS?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 49, no. 2 (2017): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.47.
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AbstractResearch has shown health concerns may motivate consumers to purchase foods sold at direct market outlets, yet connections between management of specific diseases and food purchase decisions remain unclear. We utilize a two-step decision framework to evaluate whether family incidences of six illnesses (cancer, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, back/joint pain, and Alzheimer's disease/dementia) affect decisions to buy food at farmers’ markets and farm stands. We find that cancer, diabetes, obesity, and back/joint pain influence the decision to purchase from farm stands. Disease incidences have varying directional effects on frequency of purchase for both farmers’ markets and farm stands.
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NEUENFELDT, KARL. "UKULELE AFFECTIONS AND HAWAIIAN FAMILY CONNECTIONS The Music and Memories of Musician/Producer Rick Cunha." Perfect Beat 9, no. 1 (2015): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/prbt.v9i1.28681.
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Kaya, Aybüke, and Songül Bay. "Organic Grape Production and Producer Status in Adıyaman Province; Example of Besni District." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 9 (2020): 1988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i9.1988-1993.3600.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the socio-economic structure and organic farming activities of grape producers in Besni. A face-to-face survey was conducted with producers producing organic grapes. Data were obtained by interviewing a total of 50 producers. The number of organic products grown between 2005 and 2018 increased from 205 to 213 in Turkey. The number of producers engaged in cultivation in this area has increased more than 5 times compared to 2005. It reached nearly 80.000 in 2018. The area of organic vegetable production increased from 203.811 to 626.884 hectares in Turkey. While the production area increased 2.5 times, the production amount increased almost 4 times. Today, a variety of products in organic vegetable production, planting area, the number of farmers has increased in Turkey. The findings were obtained education level of the producers, the number of individuals in the family, record keeping, annual total income, newspaper reading, grape yield, grape cultivation area, property and rental land, credit usage, weed control, organic farming knowledge level, organic farming by using variables such as thoughts and grape variety. There are serious differences between conventional agriculture and organic farming. The family structure is effective in production activities. It has been determined that the thoughts of organic farming have changed depending on the age and experience of the producers. Organic grape producers have turned to organic farming due to their desire to sell their products at higher prices with state supports. Also, it has been suggested that organic farming is important in terms of the sustainability of living life all over the world. Increasing producer income and environmental awareness are among the main reasons for the transition to organic farming.
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Rezitis, Anthony N., and Dimitrios N. Pachis. "Investigating the price volatility transmission mechanisms of selected fresh vegetable chains in Greece." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 5 (2020): 587–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-12-2019-0209.
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PurposeThis paper attempts to model the transmission of volatility between producer and consumer prices in the fresh potato, tomato, and cucumber markets in Greece.Design/methodology/approachThe transmission mechanism of the price volatility is modeled using the most popular multivariate GARCH models while taking into consideration possible asymmetries in the transmission process. The models utilized are the DVECH and the BEKK models from the VECH family, as well as the CCC model and the DCC model from the family of conditional correlation models. The possible asymmetric effects are evaluated using asymmetric GARCH models, as well as estimating volatility impulse responses for independent shocks.FindingsThe results reveal that, in the tomato and cucumber markets, which are regulated by the Common Market Organization of fruits and vegetables, producers are less vulnerable to volatility shocks transmitted from consumers. In contrast, in the non-regulated potato market, producers are affected by spillover effects from consumers.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to a few commodities (i.e. potatoes, tomatoes, and cucumbers); however, it could be extended to additional commodities.Practical implicationsThe results of this study show that, if producers are organized on a cooperative basis within the regulative framework of the CAP, like the tomato and cucumber producers, their place in the food supply chain is strengthened, although the CAP targets more market-oriented agricultural markets that are more exposed to world prices.Originality/valueThe present study attempts to understand the transmission of volatility between producer and consumer prices in the fresh potato, tomato, and cucumber markets in Greece, which is not apparent from previous studies. Furthermore, the volatility clusters that are identified in the present study are associated with certain CAP reforms.
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Bánkuti, Ferenc Istvan, Júlio César Damasceno, Sandra Mara Schiavi, Kellen Cristina Kuwaraha, and Rodrigo César Prizon. "Structural features, labor conditions and family succession in dairy production systems in Paraná State, Brazil." Cahiers Agricultures 27, no. 4 (2018): 45004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018028.
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Brazil is the fourth largest milk producer in the world. Besides its economic relevance, milk production has an important social function in Brazil. Dairy activity employs a large amount of people and contributes to regional development. But some drawbacks remain, such as poor labor conditions and problems for family succession. Labor conditions may be critical for successors to decide whether to remain in dairy activity. Paraná is the second largest milk producer in Brazil, mainly with smallholder family dairy systems. This paper aims to discuss labor conditions, family succession and structural features in Paraná’s dairy activity. Our hypothesis is that family-based farms present poorer structure, poorer labor conditions and are less prone to family succession. The method comprised face-to-face interviews with 153 dairy farmers, in two groups: 117 family-based farms (Group 1) and 36 hired-labor farms (Group 2). Common factor analysis led to identify three factors: “structure”, “labor conditions” and “individual conditions to family succession”. Dairy farms in Group 1 present poorer structural and labor conditions, although being more prone to family succession, partially supporting our above hypothesis. Thus, structural features and labor conditions seem not to be the driving factors for the intent to family succession, which suggests the existence of other incentives. Results also indicate the need to improve labor conditions, especially for Group 1, since poor labor conditions may threaten family succession in the very long run. Efforts to improve family labor conditions are necessary to ensure long-term sustainability of dairy farming in Paraná State. Further studies could investigate social, market, technology and political features directing decision-making in family succession. Expanding the variables for labor conditions and structure, as well as including other social and behavioral factors, could put more light on the differences between dairy farms using and not using hired labor. Finally, a deeper investigation on reasons why family-based farmers do not promote better labor conditions is critical for the future of Paraná’s dairy sector.
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DAROLT, MOACIR ROBERTO, CLAIRE LAMINE, ALFIO BRANDENBURG, MARIA DE CLÉOFAS FAGGION ALENCAR, and LUCIMAR SANTIAGO ABREU. "ALTERNATIVE FOOD NETWORKS AND NEW PRODUCER-CONSUMER RELATIONS IN FRANCE AND IN BRAZIL." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc121132v1922016.
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Abstract This paper presents an analysis about agroecological alternative food networks and new producer-consumer relationships in France and Brazil. The investigation method is based on descriptive and qualitative research about 20 cases (qualitative interviews), selected with stakeholders (farmers, traders, consumers and food experts) in France and Southern Brazil. A typology about the characteristics and organization to short circuits trade is provided. The results show that alternative food networks are very diverse and dynamic, being a social, economic and environmental option to family farming, strengthening local markets and reconnecting producers and consumers. In these countries, the successful initiatives of alternative networks occur in places where there is coordination between food networks stakholders such as the government, NGOs, private enterprises, farmers and consumers' organizations.
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Gverzdys, Tomas, and Justin R. Nodwell. "Biosynthetic Genes for the Tetrodecamycin Antibiotics." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 14 (2016): 1965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00140-16.
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ABSTRACTWe recently described 13-deoxytetrodecamycin, a new member of the tetrodecamycin family of antibiotics. A defining feature of these molecules is the presence of a five-membered lactone called a tetronate ring. By sequencing the genome of a producer strain,Streptomycessp. strain WAC04657, and searching for a gene previously implicated in tetronate ring formation, we identified the biosynthetic genes responsible for producing 13-deoxytetrodecamycin (thetedgenes). Using thetedcluster in WAC04657 as a reference, we found related clusters in three other organisms:Streptomyces atroolivaceusATCC 19725,Streptomyces globisporusNRRL B-2293, andStreptomycessp. strain LaPpAH-202. Comparing the four clusters allowed us to identify the cluster boundaries. Genetic manipulation of the cluster confirmed the involvement of thetedgenes in 13-deoxytetrodecamycin biosynthesis and revealed several additional molecules produced through thetedbiosynthetic pathway, including tetrodecamycin, dihydrotetrodecamycin, and another, W5.9, a novel molecule. Comparison of the bioactivities of these four molecules suggests that they may act through the covalent modification of their target(s).IMPORTANCEThe tetrodecamycins are a distinct subgroup of the tetronate family of secondary metabolites. Little is known about their biosynthesis or mechanisms of action, making them an attractive subject for investigation. In this paper we present the biosynthetic gene cluster for 13-deoxytetrodecamycin inStreptomycessp. strain WAC04657. We identify related clusters in several other organisms and show that they produce related molecules.
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Kunapatarawong, Rasi. "Murrah Dairy: Thailand's first and only buffalo milk producer." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 7 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2014-0303.
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Subject area Murrah Dairy Company Limited (Murrah Dairy) is a strategy and management case related to entrepreneurship, with a focus on marketing, expansion, strategy and management of a family-run small and medium enterprise (SME). Study level/applicability The case is suitable for senior undergraduate and/or graduate MBA strategic management, entrepreneurship and marketing courses. Case overview The case is about Murrah Dairy, Thailand's first and only buffalo dairy producer. The company combines the concepts of regular SMEs together with community enterprises to build a business that can be used to achieve community benefits as well as private gains. With 11 years of experience, Murrah Dairy remains the first and only extensive dairy buffalo farm in Thailand. The market is growing, the brand is catching on and the company keeps expanding. Beginning with Murrah Farm in 2003, now Murrah Dairy now operates Murrah Farm, Murrah House and Mini Murrah Farm. The question now is where to go from here and what will it take to grow? Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are the increases in understanding on environment assessment (such as SWOT analysis, Porter's Five Forces, success factors), marketing strategy (product portfolio analysis, market-product analysis) and SME management, as well as abilities to propose growth strategies and marketing strategies for the firm. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Molina, Manon, Gianluca Cioci, Claire Moulis, Etienne Séverac та Magali Remaud-Siméon. "Bacterial α-Glucan and Branching Sucrases from GH70 Family: Discovery, Structure–Function Relationship Studies and Engineering". Microorganisms 9, № 8 (2021): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081607.
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Glucansucrases and branching sucrases are classified in the family 70 of glycoside hydrolases. They are produced by lactic acid bacteria occupying very diverse ecological niches (soil, buccal cavity, sourdough, intestine, dairy products, etc.). Usually secreted by their producer organisms, they are involved in the synthesis of α-glucans from sucrose substrate. They contribute to cell protection while promoting adhesion and colonization of different biotopes. Dextran, an α-1,6 linked linear α-glucan, was the first microbial polysaccharide commercialized for medical applications. Advances in the discovery and characterization of these enzymes have remarkably enriched the available diversity with new catalysts. Research into their molecular mechanisms has highlighted important features governing their peculiarities thus opening up many opportunities for engineering these catalysts to provide new routes for the transformation of sucrose into value-added molecules. This article reviews these different aspects with the ambition to show how they constitute the basis for promising future developments.
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Kelly, Wendy L., and Craig A. Townsend. "Mutational Analysis of nocK and nocL in the Nocardicin A Producer Nocardia uniformis." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 2 (2005): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.2.739-746.2005.
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ABSTRACT The nocardicins are a family of monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics produced by the actinomycete Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsuyamanensis ATCC 21806. The most potent of this series is nocardicin A, containing a syn-configured oxime moiety, an uncommon feature in natural products. The nocardicin A biosynthetic gene cluster was recently identified and found to encode proteins in keeping with nocardicin A production, including the nocardicin N-oxygenase, NocL, in addition to genes of undetermined function, such as nocK, which bears similarities to a broad family of esterases. The latter was hypothesized to be involved in the formation of the critical β-lactam ring. While previously shown to effect oxidation of the 2′-amine of nocardicin C to provide nocardicin A, it was uncertain whether NocL was the only N-oxidizing enzyme required for nocardicin A biosynthesis. To further detail the role of NocL in nocardicin production in N. uniformis, and to examine the function of nocK, a method for the transformation of N. uniformis protoplasts to inactivate both nocK and nocL was developed and applied. A reliable protocol is reported to achieve both insertional disruption and in trans complementation in this strain. While the nocK mutant still produced nocardicin A at levels near that seen for wild-type N. uniformis, and therefore has no obvious role in nocardicin biosynthesis, the nocL disruptant failed to generate the oxime-containing metabolite. Nocardicin A production was restored in the nocL mutant upon in trans expression of the gene. Furthermore, the nocL mutant accumulated the biosynthetic intermediate nocardicin C, confirming its role as the sole oxime-forming enzyme required for production of nocardicin A.
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Yuan, Peng-Hui, Ri-Cheng Zhou, Xuepeng Chen, et al. "DepR1, a TetR Family Transcriptional Regulator, Positively Regulates Daptomycin Production in an Industrial Producer, Streptomyces roseosporus SW0702." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 6 (2016): 1898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03002-15.
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ABSTRACTDaptomycin is a potent cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic. It is widely used against various Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Historically, a poor understanding of the transcriptional regulation of daptomycin biosynthesis has limited the options for targeted genetic engineering toward titer improvement. Here, we isolated a TetR family transcriptional regulator, DepR1, from the industrial producerStreptomyces roseosporusSW0702 using a biotinylateddptEpromoter (dptEp) as a probe. The direct interaction between DepR1 anddptEpthen was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting assays. The deletion ofdepR1led to a reduction indptEpactivity and the cessation of daptomycin production. TheΔdepR1mutant produced less red pigment and failed to sporulate on R5 medium. This suggests that DepR1 plays a positive role in the control of morphological differentiation. Moreover, DepR1 was positively autoregulated by directly binding to its own promoter. This might account for the positive feedback regulation of daptomycin production. Based on these positive effects, genetic engineering by overexpression ofdepR1raised daptomycin production and shortened the fermentation period both in flask and in fermentor.
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Caffey, Rex H., and Richard F. Kazmierczak. "Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in a Louisiana Aquaculture System." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 26, no. 1 (1994): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800019350.
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AbstractA multinomial logit model was estimated and used to analyze the impact of various producer characteristics on the adoption of flow-through and recirculating technology in soft-shelled crab production. Because of the industry's geographic isolation and high turnover rate, data was collected by personal interviews in 1991. The results suggest that increased adoption might be fostered by targeting education programs towards full time, family operated businesses in non-traditional production regions. However, development of effective education programs may be hindered by the lack of a significant relationship between producer adoption decisions and the information provided by university or extension personnel.
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Steen, Adam, and Lawrence S. Welch. "Dancing With Giants: Acquisition and Survival of the Family Firm." Family Business Review 19, no. 4 (2006): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00076.x.
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In this article, we examine the responses of family companies to the emerging environment of mergers and acquisitions, specifically within the international wine industry. At issue is the question of how the family perspective influences responses of a family firm to the prospect of merger or takeover. We examine the issue through a case study of the takeover of an Australian wine producer and family firm, Peter Lehmann Wines. The case study demonstrates ways in which the family perspective is critical in driving responses, for example, in the strength and forms of opposition to one of the potential acquirers in the case, indicating just how important the preservation of a family legacy was to key family members. However, the case also illustrates how in a takeover fight the dynamics of the takeover process itself become important in determining outcomes. In addition, the case demonstrates that family involvement and influence can be maintained in spite of takeover.
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Utami, Trianna W., Keiko Miyoshi, Hiroko Hagita, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, Taigo Horiguchi, and Takafumi Noma. "Possible Linkage of SP6 Transcriptional Activity with Amelogenesis by Protein Stabilization." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/320987.
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Ameloblasts produce enamel matrix proteins such as amelogenin, ameloblastin, and amelotin during tooth development. The molecular mechanisms of ameloblast differentiation (amelogenesis) are currently not well understood. SP6 is a transcription factor of the Sp/KLF family that was recently found to regulate cell proliferation in a cell-type-specific manner.Sp6-deficient mice demonstrate characteristic tooth anomalies such as delayed eruption of the incisors and supernumerary teeth with disorganized amelogenesis. However, it remains unclear howSp6controls amelogenesis. In this study, we used SP6 high producer cells to identify SP6 target genes. Based on the observations that long-term culture of SP6 high producer cells reduced SP6 protein expression but notSp6mRNA expression, we found that SP6 is short lived and specifically degraded through a proteasome pathway. We established anin vitroinducible SP6 expression system coupled with siRNA knockdown and found a possible linkage between SP6 and amelogenesis through the regulation ofamelotinandRock1gene expression by microarray analysis. Our findings suggest that the regulation of SP6 protein stability is one of the crucial steps in amelogenesis.
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Borychowski, Michał, Sebastian Stępień, Jan Polcyn, et al. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Family Farms’ Resilience in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410362.
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We investigated the resilience of small-scale family farms because of the contemporary importance of both the farms’ resilience and the role of these farms in five countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The authors addressed a research gap concerning cross-sectional research on the resilience of farms by combining determinants from various fields. Thus, the primary goal of this article was to identify microeconomic and political factors and links to markets that affect the resilience of small-scale family farms in Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania and Serbia. Using a database of over 3500 farms, the resilience of the farms was calculated, and then the impact of selected factors on that resilience was determined. The research showed that the production scale was the key determinant of the resilience of farms. To achieve higher benefits, increasing the production should be combined with strengthening the market integration of agricultural producers. The position of the producer in the food supply chain determined the income situation of the farm (economic stability). This shaped the quality of life of the family members (social stability). Identifying the effects of those dependencies may provide recommendations for the policy of supporting small-scale family farms in the analysed countries.
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R, Dayanandan, and Tadele Yaya Ataro. "Determinants of cassava production and its marketing channel efficiency - an assessment." Journal of Management and Science 8, no. 2 (2018): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2018.12.
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Cassava production has got an international attention and currently different organizations and foundations are involved in research and development activities. But cassava producers in the study area are facing different challenges in production system and marketing for cassava products. Hence, the main focus of this research paper is to see the determinants of cassava production and its marketing channel efficiency in the study area. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to address the objectives and the primary data was collected from 181 sample farmers drown from three cassava producer rural villages using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Furthermore, inferential statistics like multiple linear regression model was employed to identify the determinants of cassava production. The study results indicate that the production trend of cassava in the area has been increasing time to time. The regression analysis results also disclosed that educational level, access to agricultural input, age of the farmers, pests attack, extension visit, fertility of the soil, farm size, irrigation, experience and family size were the variables that significantly influence households cassava production. It is also found that direct sale (producers sell their cassava products to the final consumers) brings the biggest price share (35%) for the farmers and it is the best channel to increase efficiency and the wealth of farmers. The challenging factors influencing the cassava producers in the study area are shortage of farm landholding, marketing chain efficiency, soil fertility, high population pressure, and drought etc. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the government, non-government, cooperatives and agricultural research centers should support the cassava producer farmers by giving improved variety and promote the non-producer farmers to participate in cassava production and create market chain in the study area.
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Wirawan, Ruth E., Nikolai A. Klesse, Ralph W. Jack, and John R. Tagg. "Molecular and Genetic Characterization of a Novel Nisin Variant Produced by Streptococcus uberis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (2006): 1148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1148-1156.2006.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus uberis is one of the principal causative agents of bovine mastitis. In this study, we report that S. uberis strain 42 produces a lantibiotic, nisin U, which is 78% identical (82% similar) to nisin A from Lactococcus lactis. The 15.6-kb nisin U locus comprises 11 open reading frames, similar in putative functionality but differing in arrangement from that of the nisin A biosynthetic cluster. The nisin U producer strain exhibits specific resistance (immunity) to nisin U and cross-resistance to nisin A, a finding consistent with the 55% sequence similarity of their respective immunity peptides. Homologues of the nisin U structural gene were identified in several additional S. uberis strains, and in each case cross-protective immunity was expressed to nisin A and to the other producers of nisin U and its variants. To our knowledge, this is the first report both of characterization of a bacteriocin by S. uberis, as well as of a member of the nisin family of peptides in a species other than L. lactis.
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Damasceno, Carolina Sette Barbosa, Natasha Tiemi Fabri Higaki, Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias, Marilis Dallarmi Miguel, and Obdulio Gomes Miguel. "Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils in the Family Lauraceae: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Planta Medica 85, no. 13 (2019): 1054–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0943-1908.
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AbstractThe Lauraceae family is predominantly found in Asia and in the rainforests of the Americas, and consists mostly of aromatic trees. Being an essential oil producer, this family is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This work presents a systematic review of the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oils from the Lauraceae family. Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scopus were employed to identify articles published between 2000 and 2018, using “Lauraceae”, “essential oil”, and “biological activity” as key words. From 177 studies identified, 53 met the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated a predominance of the compounds β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole in Lauraceae species, and highlighted the antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Essential oils extracted from this family thus have high potential for pharmacological applications.
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Horbal, Liliya, Bohdan Ostash, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Suzanne Walker, Jorn Kalinowski, and Victor Fedorenko. "A gene cluster for the biosynthesis of moenomycin family antibiotics in the genome of teicoplanin producer Actinoplanes teichomyceticus." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 100, no. 17 (2016): 7629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7685-3.
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van der Aart, Lizah T., Imen Nouioui, Alexander Kloosterman, et al. "Polyphasic classification of the gifted natural product producer Streptomyces roseifaciens sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69, no. 4 (2019): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003215.
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A polyphasic study was designed to establish the taxonomic status of a Streptomyces strain isolated from soil from the QinLing Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China, and found to be the source of known and new specialized metabolites. Strain MBT76T was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces . The strain formed a distinct branch in the Streptomyces16S rRNA gene tree and was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces hiroshimensis and Streptomyces mobaraerensis. Multi-locus sequence analyses based on five conserved house-keeping gene alleles showed that strain MBT76T is closely related to the type strain of S. hiroshimensis, as was the case in analysis of a family of conserved proteins. The organism was also distinguished from S. hiroshimensis using cultural and phenotypic features. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the genomes of strain MBT76T and S. hiroshimensis DSM 40037T were 88.96 and 28.4±2.3%, respectively, which is in line with their assignment to different species. On the basis of this wealth of data it is proposed that strain MBT76T (=DSM 106196T=NCCB 100637T), be classified as a new species, Streptomyces roseifaciens sp. nov.
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Akentyev, P. I., I. I. Gubaidullin, N. I. Zhiganov, V. F. Tereshchenkova, E. N. Elpidina, and D. G. Kozlov. "Biosynthesis and Secretion of Serine Peptidase SerP38 from Tenebrio molitor in the Yeast Komagataella kurtzmanii." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 6 (2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-6-78-86.
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A strain of the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast, a producer of recombinant peptidase SerP38 from the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor, has been obtained. The level of the pro-enzyme secretion was 20-50 mg/L. It was shown that, during secretion in yeast, the target His6-tagged protein was produced in two forms. One of them was a monomer that was efficiently purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and then activated with trypsin. Another form accumulated in the culture medium as oligomers prone to aggregation in the presence of Ni2+ ions and was not activated by trypsin treatment. Aggregation is likely the result of incorrect folding of the polypeptide chain. Tenebrio molitor, S1 family serine peptidase, SerP38, yeast, Komagataella kurtzmanii, ion-dependent aggregation
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Bohluli, Atiyeh, Abasali Naserian, Reza Valizadeh, and Fereydon Eftekarshahroodi. "The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of pistachio by-product." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021268.
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Pistachio (pistachio vera) is from Anacardiaceae family. According to the FAO (2003) report, Iran is the largest pistachio producer in the world (more than 310,000 tons). The most three important exported pistachio nuts of Iran are Ohadi, Akbari and Kaleghuchi (Mohammadi, 2005). About 150,000 tons in DM of pistachio by-product (PB) is produced from dehulling process in Iran, annually. This by-product is mainly consisted of pistachio hulls (PH), and then peduncles, leaves and a little amount of mesocarp and kernels. In this experiment the chemical composition, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and tannin amount of PB and PH of Ohadi, Kaleghuchi and white varieties were determined; also, In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) were measured.
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Bankovsky, Miriam. "A history of early household economics: Improving the family’s contribution to industrial production and rationalizing family consumption." Oxford Economic Papers 72, no. 4 (2020): 985–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpaa023.
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Abstract This article contributes to our knowledge of two early phases in the history of household economics. The first is represented by the 19th-century theory of Alfred Marshall and the second by the interwar theories of several North American consumer economists (Hazel Kyrk, Elizabeth Hoyt, and Margaret Reid). The aim is to present the analytical focus and accounts of social good that animated these phases. Since Marshall’s focus was on improving industrial production, his family economics explained how the Victorian family could improve the labour it contributed to industry. But the North American consumer economists sought to improve family consumption. Regarding ethics, 19th-century families were to cultivate an industrious and altruistic character. But the consumer economists thought families needed protection from producer fraud, along with living standards that expressed their individuality. Early household economics also accepted the gendered family form that had accompanied these developments, rejecting more ‘activist’ conceptions.
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Akwabi-Ameyaw, Kofi. "The Political Economy of Agricultural Resettlement and Rural Development in Zimbabwe: The Performance of Family Farms and Producer Cooperatives." Human Organization 49, no. 4 (1990): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.49.4.85524hh0082r3jw1.
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Storli, Espen, and David Brégaint. "The Ups and Downs of Family Life: Det Norske Nitridaktieselskap, 1912–1976." Enterprise & Society 10, no. 4 (2009): 763–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146722270000834x.
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The current literature on international joint ventures pays considerable attention to why joint ventures are established or why they are dissolved, but we lack studies that give insight into their dynamic development. The aim of this article is to investigate the evolution of an international joint venture over time. We confront some of the theoretical insights developed during the last decades with the dramatic history of the aluminum producer Det Norske Nitridaktieselskap (DNN). The company was established shortly beforeWorld War I and was finally disbanded over seventy years later. For most of this time, DNN was an international joint venture with shifting ownership configurations. This gives us the possibility not only to discuss the motivation for why the company was established or why it was dissolved, but also to study the mid-life of the company. What was DNN's role within the general corporate strategies of the owners? Did this role change over time?
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Engel, Philipp, Maria I. Vizcaino, and Jason M. Crawford. "Gut Symbionts from Distinct Hosts Exhibit Genotoxic Activity via Divergent Colibactin Biosynthesis Pathways." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 4 (2014): 1502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03283-14.
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ABSTRACTSecondary metabolites produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) or polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways are chemical mediators of microbial interactions in diverse environments. However, little is known about their distribution, evolution, and functional roles in bacterial symbionts associated with animals. A prominent example is colibactin, a largely unknown family of secondary metabolites produced byEscherichia colivia a hybrid NRPS-PKS biosynthetic pathway that inflicts DNA damage upon eukaryotic cells and contributes to colorectal cancer and tumor formation in the mammalian gut. Thus far, homologs of this pathway have only been found in closely relatedEnterobacteriaceae, while a divergent variant of this gene cluster was recently discovered in a marine alphaproteobacterialPseudovibriostrain. Herein, we sequenced the genome ofFrischella perraraPEB0191, a bacterial gut symbiont of honey bees and identified a homologous colibactin biosynthetic pathway related to those found inEnterobacteriaceae. We show that the colibactin genomic island (GI) has conserved gene synteny and biosynthetic module architecture acrossF. perrara,Enterobacteriaceae, and thePseudovibriostrain. Comparative metabolomics analyses ofF. perraraandE. colifurther reveal that these two bacteria produce related colibactin pathway-dependent metabolites. Finally, we demonstrate thatF. perrara, likeE. coli, causes DNA damage in eukaryotic cellsin vitroin a colibactin pathway-dependent manner. Together, these results support that divergent variants of the colibactin biosynthetic pathway are widely distributed among bacterial symbionts, producing related secondary metabolites and likely endowing its producer with functional capabilities important for diverse symbiotic associations.
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Russell, Rebecca A., Heather L. Wiegand, Michael D. Moore, Alexandra Schäfer, Myra O. McClure, and Bryan R. Cullen. "Foamy Virus Bet Proteins Function as Novel Inhibitors of the APOBEC3 Family of Innate Antiretroviral Defense Factors." Journal of Virology 79, no. 14 (2005): 8724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.14.8724-8731.2005.
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ABSTRACT Foamy viruses are a family of complex retroviruses that establish common, productive infections in a wide range of nonhuman primates. In contrast, humans appear nonpermissive for foamy virus replication, although zoonotic infections do occur. Here we have analyzed the ability of primate and mouse APOBEC3G proteins to inhibit the infectivity of primate foamy virus (PFV) virions produced in their presence. We demonstrate that several APOBEC3 proteins can potently inhibit the infectivity of a PFV-based viral vector. This inhibition correlated with the packaging of inhibitory APOBEC3 proteins into PFV virions, due to a specific PFV Gag/APOBEC3 interaction, and resulted in the G to A hypermutation of PFV reverse transcripts. While inhibition of PFV virion infectivity by primate APOBEC3 proteins was largely relieved by coexpression of the PFV Bet protein, a cytoplasmic auxiliary protein of previously uncertain function, Bet failed to relieve inhibition caused by murine APOBEC3. PFV Bet bound to human, but not mouse, APOBEC3 proteins in coexpressing cells, and this binding correlated with the specific inhibition of their incorporation into PFV virions. Of note, both PFV Bet and a second Bet protein, derived from an African green monkey foamy virus, rescued the infectivity of Vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions produced in the presence of African green monkey APOBEC3G and blocked the incorporation of this host factor into HIV-1 virion particles. However, neither foamy virus Bet protein reduced APOBEC3 protein expression levels in virion producer cells. While these data identify the foamy virus Bet protein as a functional ortholog of the HIV-1 Vif auxiliary protein, they also indicate that Vif and Bet block APOBEC3 protein function by distinct mechanisms.
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"VALOX 300 FAMILY." Alloy Digest 39, no. 5 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.p0013.
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Abstract VALOX300 Family is comprised of four unreinforced thermoplastic resins; 325, 310-SEO 357 and 365. It is the most complete line of unreinforced thermoplastic polyester resins in the industry. This datasheet provides information on physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. Filing Code: P-13. Producer or source: G. E. Plastics. Originally published December 1989, revised May 1990.
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Pratley, Gerald. "Producer with a Mission." Kinema: A Journal for Film and Audiovisual Media, April 10, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/kinema.vi.776.
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ROCK DEMERS: PRODUCER WITH A MISSION Ten years ago a nondescript two-story office building on rue Roy in the lovely St. Denis and St. Laurent district of Montréal became the office and operating headquarters of a new company called Productions la Fête initiated by Rock Demers, a well respected and admired man about film in Québec. Dedicated to making sensible family films on a regular basis appealing to children and parents alike not many observers in or out of the business gave the project much chance of success. Demers' admirers praised him for his courage, his detractors were smugly certain he would fail. The best that could be expected would be a hopeful first, followed by a few more and a fade out, and then a "for rent" sign in the window. But today, in the tenth anniversary year, the second floor is filled with constant activity; the original...
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Datta, Prabir, Jagathjhuti Datta, and Sanjib Shil. "Factors Determining the Membership of Farmer’s in Producer Organization (PO) a Study in the Assam State of India." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, March 17, 2018, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2018/v1i125763.
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Aim of this study to document the factors that influence farmer’s participation in producer organizations. To address these issues, the Government of Assam decided to mobilize farmers in the form of Producer organization (PO). Producer organization meant for effective management of agriculture in a specific crop field. The history of Producer Organizations indicates that after performing successfully for a period of time it almost defunct. For sustainability of Producer Organizations, factors influencing its membership pattern need to be studied. Therefore, this study was conducted in Jorhat District of Assam to address this issue. Total 240 respondents were selected (120 members and 120 non-members of Producer Organizations) by using multistage sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire that consists of two sections. Section one contained Individual level information i.e. Age, Education, Gender, Caste, Organizational participation, Extent of public extension contact. Section two had Family level/ house hold information i.e. Primary source of income, Size of the family, annual family income, Size of operational land holding. The t test indicated that there were significant difference between age, operational land holding, the extent of government extension contact, the primary source of income and annual family income of members’ and non-members’ means in these characteristics, both the groups were heterogeneous. From forward stepwise regression analysis, it was found that extension contact, operational land holding, annual family income and caste influences the membership pattern of Producer Organization. These variables together explained 67.50 per cent (Adjusted R2 =0.675) of the variance of effective factors on farmer’s membership pattern toward producer organizations. The study recommended that extension machinery should give emphasise on these factors and manipulate these factors for enrolling more farmers.
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Yan, Xiaohui, Huiming Ge, Tingting Huang, et al. "Strain Prioritization and Genome Mining for Enediyne Natural Products." mBio 7, no. 6 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02104-16.
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ABSTRACT The enediyne family of natural products has had a profound impact on modern chemistry, biology, and medicine, and yet only 11 enediynes have been structurally characterized to date. Here we report a genome survey of 3,400 actinomycetes, identifying 81 strains that harbor genes encoding the enediyne polyketide synthase cassettes that could be grouped into 28 distinct clades based on phylogenetic analysis. Genome sequencing of 31 representative strains confirmed that each clade harbors a distinct enediyne biosynthetic gene cluster. A genome neighborhood network allows prediction of new structural features and biosynthetic insights that could be exploited for enediyne discovery. We confirmed one clade as new C-1027 producers, with a significantly higher C-1027 titer than the original producer, and discovered a new family of enediyne natural products, the tiancimycins (TNMs), that exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid discovery of new enediynes from a large strain collection. IMPORTANCE Recent advances in microbial genomics clearly revealed that the biosynthetic potential of soil actinomycetes to produce enediynes is underappreciated. A great challenge is to develop innovative methods to discover new enediynes and produce them in sufficient quantities for chemical, biological, and clinical investigations. This work demonstrated the feasibility of rapid discovery of new enediynes from a large strain collection. The new C-1027 producers, with a significantly higher C-1027 titer than the original producer, will impact the practical supply of this important drug lead. The TNMs, with their extremely potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cells and their rapid and complete cancer cell killing characteristics, in comparison with the payloads used in FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are poised to be exploited as payload candidates for the next generation of anticancer ADCs. Follow-up studies on the other identified hits promise the discovery of new enediynes, radically expanding the chemical space for the enediyne family.
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Galván-Antonio, A., M. Sánchez-Hernández, F. Calderón-Sánchez, and J. de D. Guerrero-Rodríguez. "Characterization of subsistence sheep farming: The case of three communities of the municipality of Tlahuapan, Puebla, Mexico." Agro Productividad 13, no. 12 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32854/agrop.v13i12.1899.
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Objective: to characterize household units for sheep production at three localities in the Santa Rita Tlahuapan municipality, Puebla. Design/methodology/approach: semi-structured interviews conducted with 38 producers. Variables of the producer profile, crop production and herd management were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and variance analysis. Results: four groups of producers were identified; most of them (92%) were classified as small producers, with 24 to 36sheep and low production of crop forage. The producer’s average age was 55 years, with an average family size of four.Economic savings is the main objective for this production and family labor is used exclusively in sheep farming activities.The animals are housed in rustic pens, with no difference in their age, sex or physiological stage. Their main food source is pastures forage and cultivation areas; mostly supplemented (92%) with mineral blocks and common salt. Limitations/Implications: the lack of producer records and social mistrust to some degree to provide information. Findings/conclusions: the assessed productive units are for subsistence, having sheep farming as a secondary activity, with low productive parameters. The poor housing practices, the scarcity of own grazing lands, and the animal’s nutritional stress are identified as the main factors that stagnate sheep farming in the study area.