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Holmbeck, Grayson N. "Family Relations During Adolescence." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 11 (1991): 971–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030367.
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Gutman, Leslie Morrison, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. "Stage-environment fit during adolescence: Trajectories of family relations and adolescent outcomes." Developmental Psychology 43, no. 2 (2007): 522–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.522.
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Baghirova-Babazade, Gunay. "The role of the family in the development of personality during the adolescence." Scientific Bulletin 4 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/bnel4794.
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Adolescence is one of the significant periods of man’s life, it is also an era when a young person may be faced with various problems. In addition to social problems encountered within family, school and friend circles, the already existing biological and psychological changes make adolescence a troublesome period. It is necessary to solve these problems with the help of families and society in a condition that will do minimum harm to the young person in order that a society of healthy relations may be formed, and adolescence problems may be limited during this period of time
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Myers, Scott M. "Childhood and Adolescent Mobility and Adult Relations With Parents." Journal of Family Issues 26, no. 3 (2005): 350–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x04270470.
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This study addresses three questions: Does earlier family mobility have long-term effects on later parent-adult offspring relations? Do differences in parenting behaviors and family social capital account for these effects? Does the family structure in which a move occurs matter? The author investigates these issues using 17-year longitudinal data from two generations. The results suggest that frequency of family mobility has no effects on parent-adult child relations. Instead, it appears that age at mobility matters most. Adult sons who moved during adolescence and during both childhood and adolescence have poorer relationships with their mothers and fathers. Earlier mobility, though, generally has no associations with an adult daughter’s relationship with her parents. For sons and daughters, moves that occur in divorced households are the most difficult on later parent-adult child relations. Some, but not all, of the long-term effects of family mobility are because of differences in parenting between movers and nonmovers.
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Espelage, Dorothy L., Sabina Low, and Lisa De La Rue. "Relations between peer victimization subtypes, family violence, and psychological outcomes during early adolescence." Psychology of Violence 2, no. 4 (2012): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027386.
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Alm, Susanne, Sara Brolin Låftman, Fredrik Sivertsson, and Hannes Bohman. "Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course: A prospective cohort study." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 7 (2020): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494820902914.
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Background: Previous research has shown that poor family relations in childhood are associated with adverse mental health in adulthood. Yet, few studies have followed the offspring until late adulthood, and very few have had access to register-based data on hospitalisation due to psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relations in adolescence and the likelihood of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course up until age 55. Methods: Data were derived from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study, with information on 2638 individuals born in 1953. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants’ mothers in 1968. Information on in-patient psychiatric treatment was derived from administrative registers from 1969 to 2008. Binary logistic regression was used. Results: Poor family relations in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of later in-patient treatment for a psychiatric diagnosis, even when adjusting for other adverse conditions in childhood. Further analyses showed that poor family relations in adolescence were a statistically significant predictor of in-patient psychiatric care up until age 36–45, but that the strength of the association attenuated over time. Conclusions: Poor family relationships during upbringing can have serious negative mental-health consequences that persist into mid-adulthood. However, the effect of poor family relations seems to abate with age. The findings point to the importance of effective interventions in families experiencing poor relationships.
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Attanucci, Jane S. "Timely Characterization of Mother-Daughter and Family-School Relations: Narrative Understandings of Adolescence." Journal of Narrative and Life History 3, no. 1 (1993): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.3.1.04tim.
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Abstract Joining the call of lifespan developmental theory to study time, narrative analy-sis offers new opportunities for exploring development "in time" as lived and experienced. The narratives were collected as part of a qualitative study of relations between families and schools during adolescence and told by a second-ary teacher and mother of adolescents. The narrator expresses her feelings and beliefs as plot rather than recreating a prior sequence of events. The article addresses the multiple layers of characterization (author/interviewer, narrator/ mother and teacher, subject/her daughter) examining the terms and perspec-tives of each. Implications for developmental and educational theories are discussed. (Qualitative Research in Developmental Psychology and Education)
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Reis, Olaf, and Heike M. Buhl. "Individuation during adolescence and emerging adulthood – five German studies." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 5 (2008): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408093653.
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Among theories describing human relationships and interactions, individuation theory has increasingly gained attention over the last three decades. After ideas of individuation were introduced to the USA by German emigrants, such as Erik Erikson and Peter Blos, a second generation of American researchers brought the issue to the fore during the 1980s. Since then, German research has taken up the topic. Current lines of German research resonate with contemporary American research (e.g., Allen, Smetana), but also explore possible extensions of the theory. Here we introduce five German studies that explore relations between individuation and attachment, interactions between transmissions and relationships, or try to extend individuation theory beyond adolescence and the family system.
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ASELTINE, ROBERT H., SUSAN GORE, and MARY ELLEN COLTEN. "The co-occurrence of depression and substance abuse in late adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 3 (1998): 549–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001746.
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This article examines the role of adolescent social relationships in fostering the occurrence and co-occurrence of depression and substance abuse, using two waves of data from a community sample of adolescents (N = 900). Multinomial logistic response models were estimated to identify the extent to which risk and protective features of youths' family and peer relations were differentially linked with depressive symptoms, substance abuse, and their co-occurrence. Taking a within-person, configurational approach to adolescent adaptation, contrasts involved four subgroups of adolescents: those high on both depressed mood and substance abuse, those who experience neither problem, those evidencing high levels of depressive symptoms only, and those high on substance abuse only. Risk for depressive symptoms was differentiated by its association with conflict and lack of support in the friendship domain. Substance abuse was associated with negative peer pressure, but these youth were otherwise little different from youths with no problems. Whereas co-occurrence of depression and substance use was associated with more difficulties in both the family and peer environments, the most distinctive risk was that of low family support. Discussion centers on the developmental antecedents of co-occurring problems and family relations during adolescence.
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Kouros, Chrystyna D., Susanna Quasem, and Judy Garber. "Dynamic temporal relations between anxious and depressive symptoms across adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 3 (2013): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000102.
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AbstractSymptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among adolescents and associated with impairment in multiple domains of functioning. Moreover, anxiety and depression frequently co-occur, with estimated comorbidity rates as high as 75%. Whereas previous research has shown that anxiety symptoms predict increased depressive symptoms over time, the relation between depressive symptoms and later anxiety symptoms has been inconsistent. The present study examined dynamic relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms across adolescence and explored whether these longitudinal relations were moderated by maternal history of anxiety, family relationship quality, or children's attributional style. Participants included 240 children (M age = 11.86 years; 53.9% female) and their mothers, who were assessed annually for 6 years. Children reported on their depressive symptoms and mothers reported on their child's anxiety symptoms. Dynamic latent change score models indicated that anxiety symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in depressive symptoms over time. Depressive symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in anxiety symptoms among children who had mothers with a history of anxiety, reported low family relationship quality, or had high levels of negative attributions. Thus, whereas anxiety symptoms were a robust predictor of later depressive symptoms during adolescence, contextual and individual factors may be important to consider when examining relations between depressive symptoms and subsequent change in anxiety symptoms.
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UĞUR, Seren, Kübra KÜÇÜKTEPE, and Asra BABAYİĞİT. "THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL RELATIONS AND LONELINESS ON ADOLESCENTS BULLYING BEHAVIOR." Journal of Pure Social Sciences 4, no. 6 (2023): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8110079.
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<em>Aggressive behavior in adolescence is a major problem that is common all over the world. It is mentioned that the most common type of aggressive behavior that adolescents are exposed to is bullying. There are several forms of bullying named as verbal, virtual, physical and indirect. When the long-term effects are examined, bullying behaviors cause negative consequences for both the exposed and the perpetrator. Adolescents who are bullied may experience psychological and social problems, and they are more likely to experience psychiatric problems and commit crimes in adulthood than individuals who do not engage in bullying behavior. The causes of bullying are varied and it is difficult to explain with a single reason. When the effect of parents on the child is examined, it is seen that parental relationships are a very important determining factor in perpetrating bullying behaviors and being exposed to bullying behaviors. Furthermore, it has been observed that loneliness has a great effect on bullying behavior during adolescence, and lonely adolescents have risk to be both bullies and victims. At this point; peer acceptance in adolescence, effective communication within the family, prevents loneliness and prevents the situation of being bully-victim.<strong> </strong>In this respect, it is important to develop interventions to reduce and prevent bullying and to ensure the contribution of parents for a healthy identity development.</em>
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T, Arun Christopher. "Academic achievement in the context of family and peer relations." Thoughts on Education 5, no. 1 (2014): 331–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7211279.
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Achievement is not a new term in society and man since his inception in this world is constantly trying to achieve one thing or the other. Family is the building block of every child's life and is important for balanced growth. During adolescence peers also have a significant influence on the adolescent child. Keeping this in mind, the paper is designed to highlight the link between family relations and peer relations and suggest some measures as to enhance positive relationships. The author concludes by saying family and society should realize the fact that improving family relations and peer relations will significantly enhance the academic achievement of an adolescent child.
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Wilson, Saleena V., David E. Szwedo, and Joseph P. Allen. "Interparental and Parent–Teen Relationships during Adolescence as Predictors of Intra- and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Young Adulthood." Youth 4, no. 4 (2024): 1417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth4040090.
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Parents’ contributions to their children’s emotion regulation during adolescence has been a relatively understudied interpersonal context of development, even though parents’ roles as sources of social and emotional learning persist from childhood into adolescence and the complexity of teens’ lives grows during this time. This study aims to investigate the differential predictive utility of qualities and behaviors in interparental and parent–teen relationships during adolescence for predicting youths’ development of intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation over a 13-year period. To assess these hypotheses, data were obtained from a longitudinal, multi-method, multi-informant study of 184 adolescents (107 Caucasian, 53 African American, and 24 mixed/other ethnicity; median family income of USD 40,000–60,000/year in 1999, equivalent to about USD 75,000–112,000/year when accounting for inflation) and their parents. The results provide support for a differential pattern of prediction; qualities of interparental relationships in early adolescence were significant predictors of young adult interpersonal emotion regulation, whereas behaviors in interparental and parent–teen relationships in late adolescence were significant predictors of both young adult positive intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation. Notably, some father-reported relationship predictors during late adolescence had unexpected relations with later intrapersonal emotion regulation. The results are discussed in terms of the helpfulness of these specific relationship factors during each part of adolescence for supporting positive intra- and interpersonal emotional regulation development.
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Brinksma, Djûke M., Andrea Dietrich, Annelies de Bildt, et al. "ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, no. 8 (2019): 1049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01424-3.
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Abstract We examined bidirectional relations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and family and school climate, and the possible role of DRD4 and/or 5-HTTLPR genotypes herein. Three-wave longitudinal data of 1860 adolescents (mean ages 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the general population and clinic-referred cohort of TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey were used. Using a multigroup Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, we tested between-person (i.e., stable trait levels) and within-person (i.e., causal processes) associations across ADHD symptoms, family and school climate, and the extent to which these depended on genotype. Findings indicated no influence of genotype. Results did show significant between-person differences (ADHD symptoms with family climate r = .38; and school climate r = .23, p values < .001), indicating that higher stable levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with a less favorable family and school climate. Regarding within-person causal processes, ADHD symptoms predicted a less favorable family climate in early adolescence (β = .16, p < .01), while ADHD symptoms predicted a more favorable family climate in the later phase of adolescence (β = − .11, p < .01), a finding which we explain by normative developmental changes during adolescence. Overall, this study showed that negative associations between ADHD symptoms and both family and school climate are largely explained by stable between-person differences. We recommend applying the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Path Model to developmental data to tease stable associations and change processes apart.
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Domingos, Selisvane Ribeiro da Fonseca, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi, Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus, and Deíse Moura de Oliveira. "The experience of women with abortion during adolescence as demanded by their mothers." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, no. 4 (2013): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692013000400010.
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OBJECTIVE: to understand the experience of women who induced an abortion during adolescence as demanded by their mothers. METHOD: qualitative study with a social phenomenology approach conducted in 2010 with three women through interviews with open questions. RESULTS: the participants tried to hide their pregnancies from their mothers and when the mothers found out about the pregnancies they decide to interrupt it, demanding that their daughters have an abortion, which was performed in an unsafe manner, regardless of the adolescents' desire. After the abortion, the adolescents experienced suffering, guilt, and regret for not having fought against their mothers' decisions. These women expect to be autonomous to make their own decisions, take care of their own health and become pregnant again. CONCLUSION: the study evidenced the decision for an abortion was centered on the adolescents' mothers, a result that deserves to be further explored in future research deepening the relationship established between daughter and mother in the situation of an induced abortion. We suggest the creation of opportunities for the triad of health professional/adolescent/family to dialogue, especially the mother, who in the context of family relations, can help the daughter to safely deal with an early pregnancy and prevent it instead of influencing the adolescent to induce an abortion.
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Aura, Annamari, Marjorita Sormunen, and Kerttu Tossavainen. "The relation of socio-ecological factors to adolescents’ health-related behaviour." Health Education 116, no. 2 (2016): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-03-2014-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe adolescents’ health-related behaviours from a socio-ecological perspective. Socio-ecological factors have been widely shown to be related to health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet) in adolescence and to affect health. The review integrates evidence with socio-ecological factors (social relationships, family, peers, schooling and environment). Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from electronic databases and by manual search consisting of articles (n=90) published during 2002-2014. The selected articles were analysed using inductive content analysis and narrative synthesis. Findings – The findings suggest that there was a complex set of relations connected to adolescent health behaviours, also encompassing socio-ecological factors. The authors tentatively conclude that socio-ecological circumstances influence adolescents’ health-related behaviour, but that this review does not provide the full picture. There seemed to be certain key factors with a relation to behavioural outcomes that might increase health inequality among adolescents. Practical implications – School health education is an important pathway for interventions to reduce unhealthy behaviours among adolescents including those related to socio-ecological factors. Originality/value – Some socio-ecological factors were strongly related to health behaviours in adolescence, which may indicate an important pathway to current and future health. This paper may help schoolteachers, nurses and other school staff to understand the relationships between socio-ecological factors and health-related behaviours, which may be useful in developing health education to reduce health disparities during adolescence.
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Žumárová, Monika. "The Influence of Emotional Relationships in Family on the Way of Spending Leisure Time in Adolescence." Lifelong Learning 3, no. 3 (2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele2013030363.
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The paper focuses on the possible relations between leisure time activities and the quality of relationships with parents and peers of secondary school students during the period of late adolescence. It also deals with the relations between leisure time activities and some manifestations of risk behaviour in this period. In the empirical part we used the following methods: Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Inventory of Leisure-time Activities “What do I do after school“, and Inventory of Risk Behaviour.
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Elsaesser, Caitlin, Deborah Gorman-Smith, David Henry, and Michael Schoeny. "The Longitudinal Relation Between Community Violence Exposure and Academic Engagement During Adolescence: Exploring Families’ Protective Role." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (2017): 3264–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517708404.
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Few published studies have examined the interaction between community violence exposure, academic engagement, and parental involvement, despite theory suggesting that these three domains of development are interrelated during adolescence. This study had two related objectives: (a) to assess the temporal ordering of the relation between community violence exposure and academic engagement over the course of mid-adolescence and (b) to examine whether the pattern of these relations varies by level of parental involvement. The study sample included 273 ethnic minority males (33.4% Latino and 65.6% African American) and their caregivers living in impoverished urban neighborhoods. The present study drew on data collected through in-home surveys on violence exposure, school experiences, and family functioning at three time points during mid-adolescence. Cross-lagged model results suggest that at Time 1 ( M age = 13.5), community violence exposure predicted lower academic engagement at Time 2 ( M age = 14.8). Between Time 2 and Time 3 ( M age = 15.8), it was academic engagement that predicted lower community violence. Parental involvement moderated these relations such that academic engagement at Time 2 only reduced the risk of violence exposure at Time 3 in the presence of families with high levels of involvement relative to others in the sample. Findings suggest that practitioners might seek to promote positive school experiences as youth move into high school to reduce risk of violence exposure. Results also indicate the importance of designing interventions that target both positive family and school functioning.
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Cieślikowska-Ryczko, Angelika. "Homecomer: Reconstruction of relations in families of former prisoners." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica, no. 78 (December 3, 2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-600x.78.04.
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The article focuses on the family relations of people sentenced to imprisonment. The aim of the project is to study the relations between former prisoners and their family members, particularly to define various strategies of rebuilding family relations, applied by former prisoners in the process of social adaptation. Based on the reconstruction of biographies of adult people who experienced the imprisonment of a parent during their childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, the author characterised various strategies of rebuilding relations, as well as difficulties and setbacks connected with breaking and losing the bond. The study made use of qualitative strategies of sociological analyses (biographical method). 31 narrative interviews with people who experienced penitentiary isolation of their parent (adult children of prisoners, aged between 18 and 70) were conducted as part of the study.
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T, Arun Christopher. "SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND FAMILY RELATIONS AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS." Wesleyan Journal of Research 14, no. 5 (2021): 185–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7206353.
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The study investigated the relationship between selected demographic factors and their influence on the family relations of higher secondary students in the Indian context. A descriptive survey design has been implemented for the study and simple random sampling techniques were used to sample participants of 1300 higher secondary students of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Index of family relations scale and information blank to understand their demographic background has been used to collect data. One-way ANOVA, t-test and mean were used to analyse the data. Research findings reported that the type of school management, parent qualification, gender, and location of the home of the higher secondary students influence family relations. The study concludes with recommendations for further research on demographic factors and family relations, and individual development in terms of important theoretical and methodological issues yet to be addressed (Rand D. Conger et .al, 2010). Therefore both school systems and parent guidance programs are crucial for helping students develop a positive understanding of family.
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Obradović, Jelena, and Alison Hipwell. "Psychopathology and social competence during the transition to adolescence: The role of family adversity and pubertal development." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (2010): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000325.
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AbstractThis study examined developmental processes linking competence and psychopathology in an urban sample of girls during their transition to adolescence. Longitudinal associations among indices of externalizing symptoms, social competence, and internalizing symptoms were also tested within contexts of family adversity and girls’ pubertal status. Child, parent, and teacher report were employed to assess core constructs across six annual assessment waves, starting at age 9. Results revealed the significant effect of prior levels of externalizing symptoms on changes in social competence and internalizing symptoms, as well as reciprocal relations between social competence and internalizing symptoms. In addition, girl's maladaptive functioning predicted increases in family adversity exposure over time. Last, more mature pubertal status in early assessment waves was linked to an increase in internalizing symptoms; however, this association was reversed by the last assessment, when most girls had reached advance stages of puberty. The timing of these effects reveals important targets for future interventions aimed at promoting the successful adaptation of girls in adolescence.
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Pastorelli, Concetta, Antonio Zuffianò, Jennifer E. Lansford, et al. "Positive Youth Development: Parental Warmth, Values, and Prosocial Behavior in 11 Cultural Groups." Journal of Youth Development 16, no. 2-3 (2021): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2021.1026.
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The current cross-cultural study aimed to extend research on parenting and children’s prosocial behavior by examining relations among parental warmth, values related to family obligations (i.e., children’s support to and respect for their parents, siblings, and extended family), and prosocial behavior during the transition to adolescence (from ages 9 to 12). Mothers, fathers, and their children (N = 1107 families) from 8 countries including 11 cultural groups (Colombia; Rome and Naples, Italy; Jordan; Kenya; the Philippines; Sweden; Thailand; and African Americans, European Americans, and Latin Americans in the United States) provided data over 3 years in 3 waves (Mage of child in wave 1 = 9.34 years, SD = 0.75; 50.5% female). Overall, across all 11 cultural groups, multivariate change score analysis revealed positive associations among the change rates of parental warmth, values related to family obligations, and prosocial behavior during late childhood (from age 9 to 10) and early-adolescence (from age 10 to 12). In most cultural groups, more parental warmth at ages 9 and 10 predicted steeper mean-level increases in prosocial behavior in subsequent years. The findings highlight the prominent role of positive family context, characterized by warm relationships and shared prosocial values, in fostering children’s positive development in the transition to adolescence. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Alm, Susanne, Sara Brolin Låftman, and Hannes Bohman. "Poor Family Relationships in Adolescence and the Risk of Premature Death: Findings from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101690.
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Poor family relationships during childhood have been shown to have long-term negative effects on an offspring’s health. However, few studies have followed the offspring to retirement age, and relatedly, knowledge about the link between poor family relationships and premature death is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relationships in adolescence and the risk of premature death, even when considering other adverse childhood conditions. Prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were used, with 2636 individuals born in 1953 who were followed up until age 65. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants’ mothers in 1968. Information on mortality was retrieved from administrative register data from 1969–2018. Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that poor family relationships in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of premature death, even when adjusting for childhood conditions in terms of household social class, household economic poverty, contact with the child services, parental alcohol abuse, and parental mental illness (Hazard Ratio (HR), 2.08, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.40–3.09). The findings show that poor family relationships in adolescence can have severe and long-lasting health consequences, highlighting the importance of early interventions.
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Yibing Li, Alicia Doyle Lynch, Carla Kalvin, Jianjun Liu, and Richard M. Lerner. "Peer relationships as a context for the development of school engagement during early adolescence." International Journal of Behavioral Development 35, no. 4 (2011): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411402578.
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Using data from 1,676 youth who participated in three waves (Grades 6 to 8) of the longitudinal, 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, we tested two series of hierarchal linear models to examine the role of peer support, associating with ‘‘problem-behaving’’ friends, and bullying involvement in the development of behavioral and emotional school engagement during early adolescence. Results indicated peer support positively predicted behavioral and emotional school engagement, whereas associating with problem-behaving friends and bullying involvement were negatively associated with both aspects of school engagement. When students were older, the positive influences of positive peer support on emotional engagement appeared stronger. Similarly, the negative influences of associating with problem-behaving friends on behavioral engagement became more detrimental over time. While girls and youth of higher family socioeconomic status (SES) tended to be more behaviorally and emotionally engaged than boys and youth from less advantaged families, the influences of time and peer relationships on school engagement were not different for boys and girls or for youth with different family SES backgrounds. Implications for understanding peer relations as a context for promoting school engagement are discussed.
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Richards, J. S., C. A. Hartman, B. F. Jeronimus, et al. "Beyond not bad or just okay: social predictors of young adults’ wellbeing and functioning (a TRAILS study)." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 09 (2018): 1459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001976.
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AbstractBackgroundVarious childhood social experiences have been reported to predict adult outcomes. However, it is unclear how different social contexts may influence each other's effects in the long run. This study examined the joint contribution of adolescent family and peer experiences to young adult wellbeing and functioning.MethodsParticipants came from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) study (n = 2230). We measured family and peer relations at ages 11 and 16 (i.e. family functioning, perceived parenting, peer status, peer relationship quality), and functioning as the combination of subjective wellbeing, physical and mental health, and socio-academic functioning at age 22. Using structural equation modelling, overall functioning was indicated by two latent variables for positive and negative functioning. Positive, negative and overall functioning at young adulthood were regressed on adolescent family experiences, peer experiences and interactions between the two.ResultsFamily experiences during early and mid-adolescence were most predictive for later functioning; peer experiences did not independently predict functioning. Interactions between family and peer experiences showed that both protective and risk factors can have context-dependent effects, being exacerbated or overshadowed by negative experiences or buffered by positive experiences in other contexts. Overall the effect sizes were modest at best.ConclusionsAdolescent family relations as well as the interplay with peer experiences predict young adult functioning. This emphasizes the importance of considering the relative effects of one context in relation to the other.
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NELSON, ERIC E., ELLEN LEIBENLUFT, ERIN B. McCLURE, and DANIEL S. PINE. "The social re-orientation of adolescence: a neuroscience perspective on the process and its relation to psychopathology." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 2 (2005): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003915.
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Background. Many changes in social behavior take place during adolescence. Sexuality and romantic interests emerge during this time, and adolescents spend more time with peers and less time with parents and family. While such changes in social behavior have been well documented in the literature, relatively few neurophysiological explanations for these behavioral changes have been presented.Method. In this article we selectively review studies documenting (a) the neuronal circuits that are dedicated to the processing of social information; (b) the changes in social behavior that take place during adolescence; (c) developmental alterations in the adolescent brain; and (d) links between the emergence of mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence and changes in brain physiology occurring at that time.Results. The convergence of evidence from this review indicates a relationship between development of brain physiology and developmental changes in social behavior. Specifically, the surge of gonadal steroids at puberty induces changes within the limbic system that alters the emotional attributions applied to social stimuli while the gradual maturation of the prefrontal cortex enables increasingly complex and controlled responses to social information.Conclusions. Observed alterations in adolescent social behavior reflect developmental changes in the brain social information processing network. We further speculate that dysregulation of the social information processing network in this critical period may contribute to the onset of mood and anxiety disorders during adolescence.
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Cruces Montes, Serafín J., Rocío Guil Bozal, Sergio Sánchez Sevilla, and Antonio Zayas García. "CONTEXTO COMUNICATIVO, FAMILIAR Y ESCOLAR DEL ADOLESCENTE Y CONDUCTA SEXUAL." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, no. 1 (2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.916.
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Abstract.FAMILY AND SCHOOL ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATIVE CONTEXT, AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR.Adolescence is considered as a particularly sensitive period in the evolutionary process of the human being. It is during this period that certain risk behaviors will be acquired by the adolescent. The main objective is to analyze the communicative, family and school context in relation to the adolescent sexual behavior (debut, use of contraceptive measures and knowledge of sexual diseases). A questionnaire, that addressed demographic, family and educational factors, as well as various issues related to their sexual behavior, was given to students of E.S.O. (Obligatory Secondary Education) of all Andalusia. The results show that, in the majority of cases, adolescents have received sex education, which is very positively valued but which is not decisive for the use of contraceptive methods, although it facilitates the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. Those who have received sex education are initiated earlier in risky sexual practices. The condom is the most used method being the reason of use to avoid an unwanted pregnancy. Those who start early in sexual relations have parents with lower level of education, manifest a worse relationship with them both in terms of communication, control and discipline and have worse academic results. The results show the importance of family and educational factors when starting adolescents in their sexual life in an early manner.Keywords. Adolescence, Sexuality, Protective Factors, Family, Parents, Teachers, Communication and Education.Resumen.La adolescencia es considerada como un periodo especialmente sensible en el proceso evolutivo del ser humano. Es en este periodo donde se van a adquirir determinados comportamientos denominados de riesgo para el adolescente. El objetivo fundamental se centra en analizar el contexto comunicativo, familiar y escolar en relación al comportamiento sexual del adolescente (debut, uso de medidas anticonceptivas y conocimiento de enfermedades sexuales). Se les administró a alumnos de E.S.O. (Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria) de toda Andalucía un cuestionario en donde se abordaban factores demográficos, familiares y educativos; así como diversas cuestiones relacionadas con su conducta sexual. Los resultados muestran que de manera mayoritaria, los adolescentes han recibido educación sexual, valorada muy positivamente, pero que sin embargo no resulta determinante para el uso de métodos anticonceptivos aunque si facilita el conocimiento de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Aquellos que han recibido educación sexual se inician antes en prácticas sexuales de riesgo. El preservativo es el método más utilizado siendo el motivo de uso evitar un embarazo no deseado. Los que se inician precozmente en las relaciones sexuales poseen padres con menor nivel de estudios, manifiestan una peor relación con los mismos tanto a nivel de comunicación, como de control y disciplina y poseen peores resultados académicos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la importancia de los factores familiares y educativos a la hora de iniciarse los adolescentes en su vida sexual de una manera temprana.Palabras clave. Adolescencia, Sexualidad, Factores Protectores, Familia, Padres, Profesorado, Comunicación y Educación.
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Hanifah, Astin Nur, Halimatussakdiyah Lubis, Meiana Harfika, Zulham Zulham, Sri Wahyuni Sambo, and Surtikanti Surtikanti. "Social Reality of Health on Premarital Sexual Behavior among Adolescents in Makassar." International Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.59585/ijhs.v2i1.321.
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During adolescence, significant physical and sexual changes occur so that sexual attraction to the opposite sex is quite large and sexual drive also develops. The results of the Indonesian Population and Family Planning Program survey in 2013 showed that more than 60% of teenagers in Indonesia had had premarital sex. Around 53% of women aged 10-19 years had sexual relations during adolescence, while the number of men who had sexual relations was more than double that of women. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation between teenagers' knowledge of unmarried sexual behavior in Makassar State High Schools. The research methodology used in this research is an observational analytical design with a cross sectional research design with a sample size of around 79 respondents. The sampling technique used in this research is simple random sampling. The data collection instrument used in this research was a questionnaire. The conclusion is that data analysis uses the Chi Square test. The statistical test results obtained a significance value of 0.004 (p <0.05), so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected (there is a significant relationship between teenagers' knowledge of unmarried sexual behavior in Makassar State High School.
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MILLER–JOHNSON, SHARI, DONNA–MARIE WINN, JOHN COIE, et al. "Motherhood during the teen years: A developmental perspective on risk factors for childbearing." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 1 (1999): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499001960.
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The role of peer relations in childhood and behavioral and family characteristics in early adolescence as risk factors for adolescent childbearing was investigated. Sociometric surveys across third, fourth, and fifth grade and parent and child measures of behavioral and family functioning at sixth and eighth grade were collected in a lower income, urban sample of 308 African American females. Results replicated earlier findings on the role of childhood aggression as a predictor of teen motherhood. In addition, girls who displayed stable patterns of childhood aggression were at significantly higher risk not only to have children as teenagers but to have more children and to have children at younger ages. Results also indicated that females who were depressed in midadolescence were at greater risk to become parents between age 15 and 19 years. These findings demonstrate the need to take a differentiated approach to understanding teen childbearing and varying developmental pathways in the prediction of teen motherhood.
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Huikko, Eeva, Terhi Aalto-Setälä, Päivi Santalahti, Riikka Lämsä, and Aulikki Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen. "Lifelong mental health service use among 15–22 years old offenders: a document-based, mixed-methods descriptive study." BMJ Open 13, no. 3 (2023): e065593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065593.
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ObjectivesAmong young offenders, psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity are common, but our knowledge about their use of mental health services during childhood and adolescence is scarce. We aimed to describe the lifelong use of mental health services of young offenders who have committed serious crimes.Design and study settingUsing data on forensic psychiatric examinations of 42 Finnish offenders aged 15–22 years, we analysed the timing and typical patterns of their prior mental health service use with qualitative and quantitative content analysis and typification.ResultsYoung offenders appeared in this study as children with plenty of perinatal and developmental risks, and risks related to their family situation and peer relations. Most subjects were described as having had emotional or behavioural symptoms, or both, since childhood. Involvement in mental health services was rare before the age of 7 years but increased markedly after that, staying on the same level during adolescence. Five categories of mental health service users were identified: (1) continuing service use around a decade (14.3%), (2) one brief fixed treatment (11.9%), (3) involuntary use of services (31.0%), (4) evasive use of services (21.4%) and (5) no mental health service use (21.4%).ConclusionsYoung offenders had symptoms from early ages, but during childhood and adolescence, involvement in mental health services appeared for most as relatively short, repetitive or lacking. To help children at risk of criminal development, a multiprofessional approach, an early evidence-based intervention for behavioural symptoms and screening for learning problems, traumatic experiences and substance use are necessary. Results can help identify children and adolescents with a risk of criminal development, to develop mental health services and to plan further research.
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Hails, Katherine A., and Daniel S. Shaw. "Associations Between Boys’ Early Childhood Exposure to Family and Neighborhood Poverty and Body Mass Index in Early Adolescence." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 44, no. 9 (2019): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsz047.
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Abstract Objective To test relations between exposure to poverty, in the forms of family income and neighborhood deprivation, during three developmental stages, and children’s body mass index (BMI) in early adolescence. Methods Data came from a longitudinal sample of racially diverse, urban, low-income boys. Interactions between family income to needs and census-derived neighborhood deprivation at three developmental stages—early childhood (18 and 24 months), preschool-to-school entry (3.5 and 6 years), and school-age (8 and 10 years)—were tested in relation to BMI at age 11. Results There was a significant interaction whereby higher income predicted lower BMI only in the context of low levels of neighborhood deprivation in early childhood. In high-deprivation neighborhoods, higher income was associated with risk for overweight/obesity in early adolescence. This pattern was found to be specific to income and neighborhood deprivation measured in early childhood. Conclusions Findings have implications for policy relevant to obesity prevention. More research on associations between early exposure to poverty and later risk for obesity on low-income samples is warranted, as the relationship is likely complex and influenced by many different factors, including the family and neighborhood food environments and child health behaviors.
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Tener, Dafna. "Perspectives on Adolescent Sexual Relations With Older Persons: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 2 (2018): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018772287.
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Relations between minors under the age of consent and older persons are legally prohibited in many countries. However, the nature of these relationships, their impact on the lives of minors involved, and how they should be dealt by law enforcement and welfare systems are highly controversial. The differences between the way these relations are perceived by the minors involved and the public are also unclear. This literature review examines them as perceived by youths or young adults who had experienced sexual relations with a person at least 2 years older during their adolescence as well as by students and other adult members of the public. A systematic search of 977 studies initially identified as relevant yielded 16 studies that fit the inclusion criteria. Most (13) research samples were located in the United States, and the remainder were in the United Kingdom (2) and Australia (1). All were published in English. Four main themes emerged from the analysis of these studies: adolescent motives for sexual relations with older persons (two studies); characteristics of sexual relations between adolescents and older persons (6); contextual factors affecting the way such relations are perceived, including the partners’ ages and genders (11); and perspectives on the legal framing of such relations (6). The studies’ findings are discussed and implications for future research, policy, and practice are suggested, highlighting the complexity and ambiguity of the phenomenon and calling on intervention programs to focus on strengthening the family unit and social network of these youth and for policies to address teen sexuality as defined both normatively and legally.
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Gaspar, Tania, Marina Carvalho, Catarina Noronha, Fábio Botelho Guedes, Ana Cerqueira, and Margarida Gaspar de Matos. "Healthy Social Network Use and Well-Being during Adolescence: A Biopsychosocial Approach." Children 10, no. 10 (2023): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101649.
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Screen time and the use of social networks is the most frequent form of leisure time occupation and socializing for adolescents. The present study is aimed at understanding and characterizing, from an ecological perspective, what distinguishes healthy and less healthy or even dependent use of social media in young people and the influence on adolescents’ well-being. This paper is based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) from 2022, a survey carried out every 4 years, in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO), following an international protocol. A total of 7643 students from the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th school grades responded, of which 53.9% were female, with an average age of 15.05 (SD = 2.36). The sample is representative of the school grades under study. The results allow us to study and identify similarities and differences between three groups related to the level of healthiness in the use of social networks and its relations to well-being from an ecological perspective. What distinguishes adolescents with less healthy use of social networks is that they are more often female, older, have more self-injurious behaviour, higher alcohol consumption, and a worse relationship with teachers. The adolescents with the highest level of dependence on social networks are those who have a higher perception of lack of safety at school and in their area of residence, as well as a higher use of screen time as a leisure activity. The well-being of adolescents using social media in a healthy way is explained by fewer psychological symptoms, better stress management strategies, better body awareness, more physical activity, less time online with friends, and better relationships with family and teachers. Technologies and social networks are important for the well-being of adolescents; it is essential to promote a healthy, critical and balanced use with other “screen-free” activities and to promote socio-emotional skills, a lack of which seems to be one of the biggest risk factors associated with the healthy use of technologies.
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Neuenschwander, Markus P., Mina Vida, Jessica L. Garrett, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. "Parents' expectations and students' achievement in two western nations." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 6 (2007): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407080589.
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The present study compares the relations of family SES and parents' educational expectations during early adolescence with students' self-concept of ability and academic achievement in mathematics and language in two western countries, Switzerland and USA Participants were drawn from two US longitudinal samples, The Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions (1983) and the Childhood and Beyond study (1990) and a representative sample of Swiss sixth graders (2002). Results from a series of structural equation models indicate a high predictability and stability across nations indicating the broad usefulness of the model for understanding the role of parents' expectations on student's self-concepts and achievement.
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Kruti, Ida. "Aggresion of Teenagers in Albania." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i2.p20-26.
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In general terms, this study examined the “Aggression of teenagers in Albania”. These are the first result of one empirical national research. The reason that I chose this subject expresses my interests toward the deeper recognition of the teenager as well as some of the main phenomena that accompany individual development. We will analyzing teenagers as humans in the context of Bio-Psycho-Social capacity, which can be performed only by the science of psychology. The idividual development associated with biological changes, vital functions, the teenagers´ relationship between society and family remain an important area of study for many sciences. Numerous adolescents stay in this phase, the more difficulties have to be overcome due to with rapid adjustments of the body changes, the longer will continue the family conflicts or their efforts to position themselves in the society. Adolescence itself is a painful process,where teenagers leaves behind the childhoodperiod and move towards a new path where the individual creates the new identity in the family and society. In this paper we will deal with teenagers’ behaviour as the principal focus of research: The main issues to be addressed in this work are as follows: 1. The concept of aggression an attempt to study it, according to biological, cognitive-behavioural, psychoanalytic theories, etc. 2. Antisocial behaviour and its characteristics. The most risky age groups. 3. The causes of aggression and antisocial behaviour during the adolescence period. 4. Explanation of the concept of adolescence, when it starts in terms of gender comparison, its characteristics, problems and difficulties that occur to selected specific ages. Description and types of interpersonal relations established with the family and social groups. 5. Information about the spread of both phenomena by specifying which of the stages of adolescence is more risked in terms of gender division (girls or boys). Significant statistic about aggression of adolescents girls in our society is problematic. Recognizing the difficulties of inclusion in some specific aspects of this age period and associated phenomena such as aggression the goal of my work is to analyze these phenomena and their social impact. One of the goals my research is to present and describe trends that are noticed currently in the lives of young people in the Albanian society. Special attention is paid to the theoretical analysis and the statistical data in order to identify the tendency of adolescents, with regard to the expression of aggression in the Albanian society. The ful study includes 816 girls and boys and I want to present the first results, that involved 250 students,17 year old. Participants 108 males and 142 females. This study reported a high level of aggression among female and male adolescents. The used test is the Buss- Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI, 1957). Castrogiovanni P, Andreani M.F. et al. (1982); Castrogiovanni P., MaremmaniI (1993)” reworked again “Buss and Perry and updated by Buss and Warren (2000)”. This test is the most widely used self-report assessment of aggression ,was used in different populations and cultures, with a purpose to show the level of aggression and to understand how gender influences to different kinds of aggression( Yudofsky, S - Hales, R., 2008 ).
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Kruti, Ida. "Aggresion of Teenagers in Albania." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i1.p20-26.
Full textAbstract:
In general terms, this study examined the “Aggression of teenagers in Albania”. These are the first result of one empirical national research. The reason that I chose this subject expresses my interests toward the deeper recognition of the teenager as well as some of the main phenomena that accompany individual development. We will analyzing teenagers as humans in the context of Bio-Psycho-Social capacity, which can be performed only by the science of psychology. The idividual development associated with biological changes, vital functions, the teenagers´ relationship between society and family remain an important area of study for many sciences. Numerous adolescents stay in this phase, the more difficulties have to be overcome due to with rapid adjustments of the body changes, the longer will continue the family conflicts or their efforts to position themselves in the society. Adolescence itself is a painful process,where teenagers leaves behind the childhoodperiod and move towards a new path where the individual creates the new identity in the family and society. In this paper we will deal with teenagers’ behaviour as the principal focus of research: The main issues to be addressed in this work are as follows: 1. The concept of aggression an attempt to study it, according to biological, cognitive-behavioural, psychoanalytic theories, etc. 2. Antisocial behaviour and its characteristics. The most risky age groups. 3. The causes of aggression and antisocial behaviour during the adolescence period. 4. Explanation of the concept of adolescence, when it starts in terms of gender comparison, its characteristics, problems and difficulties that occur to selected specific ages. Description and types of interpersonal relations established with the family and social groups. 5. Information about the spread of both phenomena by specifying which of the stages of adolescence is more risked in terms of gender division (girls or boys). Significant statistic about aggression of adolescents girls in our society is problematic. Recognizing the difficulties of inclusion in some specific aspects of this age period and associated phenomena such as aggression the goal of my work is to analyze these phenomena and their social impact. One of the goals my research is to present and describe trends that are noticed currently in the lives of young people in the Albanian society. Special attention is paid to the theoretical analysis and the statistical data in order to identify the tendency of adolescents, with regard to the expression of aggression in the Albanian society. The ful study includes 816 girls and boys and I want to present the first results, that involved 250 students,17 year old. Participants 108 males and 142 females. This study reported a high level of aggression among female and male adolescents. The used test is the Buss- Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI, 1957). Castrogiovanni P, Andreani M.F. et al. (1982); Castrogiovanni P., MaremmaniI (1993)” reworked again “Buss and Perry and updated by Buss and Warren (2000)”. This test is the most widely used self-report assessment of aggression ,was used in different populations and cultures, with a purpose to show the level of aggression and to understand how gender influences to different kinds of aggression( Yudofsky, S - Hales, R., 2008 ).
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Çelik, Melike Yavaş, and Duygu Ayar. "Analysis of the mother-father relations of adolescents who stayed at home during the pandemia process." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 46, no. 1 (2024): e66400. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v46i1.66400.
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This research has been planned in a descriptive way to examine the mother-father relationships of adolescents during the pandemic process. The data were collected with Personal Information Form and Adolescent-Mother, Father Relationship Inventory. T test, (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U test were used for analysis. The score average of the Mother, Father Relations Inventory filled out by adolescents for their mothers was 120.89 ± 21.68, and the average score of the Mother, Father Relations Inventory filled out by adolescents for their fathers was 136.65 ± 36.74. It was determined that the Adolescent-Mother, Father Relations Inventory scores for the mothers and fathers were statistically significant in terms of variables such as the mother-father relationship status before the pandemic, the effect of the pandemic on the mother-father relations, and family attitudes (p < 0.05). During the pandemic process, adolescents' mother-father relationships are interrupted and there are problems in their mother-father relationships.
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Rawatlal, Nishola, Wendy Kliewer, and Basil J. Pillay. "Adolescent attachment, family functioning and depressive symptoms." South African Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v21i3.672.
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<p><span><strong>Background.</strong> Adolescence represents a challenging transitional period where changes in biological, emotional, cognitive and social domains can increase the risk of developing internalised problems including subthreshold depression. Adolescent-parent attachment style, perceived support and family functioning may increase risk for depressive symptoms or may reduce such risk. Adolescent-parent attachment, adolescent-perceived support from parents and family functioning were examined as correlates of depressive symptom presentation within this age group.</span></p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Participants included a maternal parent and an adolescent (65.5% female) from each family. Adolescents were in Grade 7 (<em>n</em>=175) or Grade 10 (<em>n</em>=31). Data were collected through home interviews. The Self-Report of Family Inventory (SFI), Experiences of Close Relationships Scale (ECR), Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to assess depression, parental support and attachment. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>Two models were examined: one with adolescent report of depressive symptoms as the outcome and a second with parent report of adolescent internalising symptoms as the outcome. The model predicting adolescent-reported depressive symptoms was significant with older age, higher levels of avoidant attachment, and higher levels of youth-reported dysfunctional family interaction associated with more depressive symptomatology. In the model predicting parent report of adolescent internalising symptoms only higher levels of dysfunctional family interaction, as reported by the parent, were associated with higher levels of internalising symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Positive family communication, cohesion and support predictive of a secure parent-adolescent attachment relationship reduced the risk of a depressive symptom outcome. Secure adolescents were able to regulate their emotions, knowing that they could seek out secure base attachment relations within their family and from friends during times of stress, buffering against the development of depressive symptoms.</p>
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Till, C., E. Udler, R. Ghassemi, S. Narayanan, DL Arnold, and BL Banwell. "Factors associated with emotional and behavioral outcomes in adolescents with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 8 (2012): 1170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511433918.
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) onset during adolescence has the potential to disrupt a key period of psychosocial maturation. Objective: We aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors associated with emotional and behavioral outcomes in adolescents with MS. Methods: The Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2nd Edition (BASC-2) was completed by 31 adolescents with MS (mean age = 16.1 years), 31 age-matched controls, and parents of all participants. BASC-2 outcomes were compared between groups. Base rates were examined for scores falling at least one or two standard deviations below norm. Associations between BASC-2 outcomes and features of disease severity and IQ were examined. Results: Youth with MS were reported by their parents to have more symptoms of depression and somatization and lower adaptive skills compared with reports by parents of controls. On the self-report, patients endorsed more problems of inattention/hyperactivity and lower self-reliance relative to controls. Behavioral concerns and reduced adaptive functioning in the MS group were associated with fatigue, poor relations with parents, and perceived social stress. Psychosocial outcomes did not associate with number of relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, disease duration, brain lesion volume or IQ. Conclusion: Youth with MS are at risk of difficulties in behavioral and emotional health. Relations with parents emerged as a key factor influencing the emotional well-being of youth with MS, suggesting an important role for family-centered care in this population.
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Kasielska-Trojan, Anna, Julian Dzierżak, and Bogusław Antoszewski. "The Influence of Faith and Religion on Family Interactions and Interest in Health Issues during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Study among Polish Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (2022): 6462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116462.
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Background: COVID-19 has dominated health, economic, and geopolitical issues for many months, but it also has great influence on individuals and families. The aim of this study was to verify whether the pandemic of COVID-19 changed religious practices and how religiosity moderated the influence of the pandemic on family interactions and attitudes towards health issues in adolescents. Methods: The study groups included 561 adolescent high school students (314 females and 247 males) from two kinds of high schools: public and Catholic. Results: Most Catholic school students have not changed their religious practices during the pandemic or just changed the form of attendance to TV or internet (59.7%). Moreover, 8.6% of them stopped the practices, in comparison with 12.9% of public school students, most of whom had not attended a mass before and during the pandemic. The results showed that in adolescents’ opinions the pandemic caused family relations to be stronger, however this effect was modified by religiosity. Conclusion: Attending Catholic school and being a practicing believer influenced some aspects of faith and family relations during the pandemic, but in most aspects, they did not influence attitudes toward health issues. The results of the study highlight the need to secure, especially for non-believing adolescents, family support during the pandemic, while in believers faith may provide such support.
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Vuk Pisk, Sandra, Mate Mihanovic, Ante Silic, Anamarija Bogovic, and Vesna Vidovic. "Self-concept in overweight adolescents." South African Journal of Psychiatry 18, no. 1 (2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v18i1.275.
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Background and objective. Adolescence is considered a critical stage of life, and one during which body image and self-concept are of particular importance for peer acceptance and approval. Body weight may impact on satisfaction or dissatisfaction in adolescent girls’ self-concept. The aim of this research was to determine the association between obesity and self-concept among adolescent girls.
 Methods. The study sample consisted of 40 overweight (BMI 25 - 30) 18-year-old girls in their last year of high school. A further 40 girls of the same age with a BMI of 18 - 25 formed a control group. The Offer Self-Image Questionnaire for Adolescents (OSIQ) was used to evaluate their self-concept. Descriptive statistical methods used in analysing the data included calculation of the median and standard deviation of variables, and t-tests were used to compare group differences, with p<0.05 taken as the level of significance.
 Results. Statistically significant differences between two groups were found in two components of the OSIQ, sexual attitudes (p=0.044) and psychopathology (p=0.020), but no differences were found in other components such as impulse control, emotional tone, body and self-image, social relations, morals, family relations, mastery of the external world, vocational educational goals and superior adjustment.
 Conclusion. Our results suggest that overweight adolescent girls are less adjusted with regard to their sexual attitudes and present with more psychopathology as measured by the OSIQ compared with their peers of average weight.
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Herrenkohl, Todd I., Richard F. Catalano, Sheryl A. Hemphill, and John W. Toumbourou. "Longitudinal Examination of Physical and Relational Aggression as Precursors to Later Problem Behaviors in Adolescents." Violence and Victims 24, no. 1 (2009): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.1.3.
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Research has addressed the consequences of being a victim of physical and relational aggression but less so the consequences of being an aggressor during adolescence. Consequently, relatively little is known about the extent to which aggression in early adolescence increases the risk of later aggression and other psychosocial problems. This study involves a representative sample of seventh- and ninth-grade students from Washington State (N = 1,942). Students were surveyed on recruitment and then again 1 and 2 years later to learn about ongoing behavior problems, substance use, depression, and self-harm behaviors. Surveys also included measures of several hypothesized promotive factors: attachment to family, school commitment, and academic achievement. Findings suggest that being physically and/or relationally aggressive in grades 7 to 9 increases the risk of aggression and possibly other problem behaviors after accounting for age, gender, race, and a prior measure of each outcome. Independent promotive effects were observed in most analyses, although family attachment appeared a less robust predictor overall. Implications for prevention include acting on the behavior itself and enhancing promotive influences to lessen the risk of agression and other related problems.
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Pellerone, Monica, Juan Torvisco, Stesy Razza, et al. "Relational Competence, School Adjustment and Emotional Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of Junior and High School Students of the Sicilian Hinterland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032182.
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Research has demonstrated the influence of emotional adjustment on the manifestation of problematic behaviors in adolescence, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present research is to investigate the role of self-esteem and relational skills on school performance in a group of middle and high school students during the COVID-19 period. The research involved 392 students, aged between 11 and 20 (M = 13.78; S.D. = 2.56). Participants completed the following instruments: an anamnestic constructed ad hoc questionnaire; the Interpersonal Relationships Test, in order to evaluate the perception of adolescents concerning the quality of their relationships in social, family and school contexts; and the Multidimensional Test of Self-Esteem, structured in six scales, which coincide with the dimensions considered constitutive of self-esteem. The preliminary data have shown how the older girls, attending the high school, tend to manifest a higher level of social competence with peer group and teachers. Furthermore, the perception of a reduced emotional self-efficacy but an elevated environmental control and good interpersonal skills seem to predict the school adjustment. Understanding adolescents’ perceptions of difficulties and their social support networks can offer some insight into how major social changes can be associated with individual well-being, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Firoz, Ghausia, and Farzana Alim. "Birth Order Determining the Perception of Parenting Style among Female Adolescents in Relation to their Family Type." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 11 (2023): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56532.
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The study of parenting style and practices initially focused on their influence on young children, but eventually revealed their long-term implications on an individual's lifetime, particularly during the crucial and transitional period of adolescence. The process of parenting is unique to each individual and varies for each child within a family. This variation may be influenced by birth order, since parents tend to behave different to each child. This is because each person's individuality plays a role in the interpersonal interactions they develop. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of birth order (first, middle, and last) on adolescent girls’ perception of their parents’ style of parenting, in both joint and nuclear family environments, in a comparative manner. The experiment encompasses a cohort of 100 female adolescent students, typically ranging in age from 16 to 19 years, who have exactly two siblings. The data collection instrument utilized was the Parenting Style Scale developed by Madhu Gupta and Dimple Mehtani (2017). Additionally, a self-designed questionnaire was used to gather demographic information from the participants, including age, birth order, family type, and other relevant factors. The findings indicated that eldest daughters perceived their parents as employing a democratic/authoritative parenting style, while middle-born daughters perceived their parents as employing an autocratic/authoritarian approach. On the other hand, youngest daughters perceived their parents as adopting a permissive parenting style. No significant disparity was observed in the perception of parenting styles among female adolescents from nuclear and joint family backgrounds simultaneously.
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Bakouei, Fatemeh, Seyed Jalil Seyedi-Andi, Afsaneh Bakhtiari, and Soraya Khafri. "Health Promotion Behaviors and Its Predictors Among the College Students in Iran." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 38, no. 4 (2018): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x18781780.
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The health-promoting behaviors form typically during adolescence and youth. This study was conducted to determine the status of the health-promoting behaviors in the students of Babol University of Medical Sciences and its predictors. This cross-sectional study was done on 350 students from April 2016 to July 2016. The applied questionnaires were health-promoting lifestyle profile II, general self-efficacy scale, and sociodemographic variables. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software by descriptive tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariable linear regression. The mean total health-promoting lifestyle profile II score was 126.79 ± 19.28. In the subscales, the participants scored the highest in interpersonal relations (24.62 ± 4.59) and the lowest in physical activity (16.53 ± 4.17). Analyses of the data showed that there was a significant association among some subscales of health-promoting behaviors and gender, family size, living in dormitory and also showed that self-efficacy remained as significant factor in relation to all subscales of health-promoting behaviors.
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Yap, Marie B. H., Nicholas B. Allen, Melissa O'Shea, Patricia di Parsia, Julian G. Simmons, and Lisa Sheeber. "Early adolescents' temperament, emotion regulation during mother–child interactions, and depressive symptomatology." Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 1 (2011): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000787.
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AbstractThis study examined the relations among temperament, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms in early adolescents. Early adolescents provided self-reports of temperament on two occasions, as well as reports on emotion regulation and depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, 163 of these adolescents participated in event-planning and problem-solving interactions with their mothers. Adolescents with temperaments that were high in negative emotionality or low in effortful control displayed more emotionally dysregulated behaviors during the interaction tasks, reported having maladaptive responses to negative affect more often and adaptive responses less often, and had more depressive symptoms. In particular, adolescents with the high negative emotionality and low effortful control temperament combination reported the highest levels of depressive symptomatology. Sequential analyses of family interactions indicated that adolescents with more depressive symptoms were more likely to reciprocate their mothers' negative affective behaviors. Adolescents' adaptive and maladaptive responses to negative affect mediated the associations between their temperament and concurrent depressive symptoms.
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Arjmand, Reza, and Maryam Ziari. "Sexuality and concealment among Iranian young women." Sexualities 23, no. 3 (2018): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460718797047.
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Criminalization of sexual relations outside the institution of marriage in Iran fosters – among other means – concealment as one of the safest methods to undermine social and legal impediments. In a context where any alternative practices of sexualities are subject to persecution, sexual concealments are applied as tactics for survival. The female body in such a normative-laden society is conditioned by its “openness” which makes it a subject of honor for family and kin and core for the management of desire and regulating the intimate for the theocratic state. Based on life stories of young women who have had pre-marital sexual relations in Tehran, this article addresses sexual concealment as the main method used by those women. Findings of the study suggest a three-fold model of concealment practiced in various social settings. Body concealment which was encouraged by the families and authorities to reduce the visibility of the female body during adolescence, engenders other types of concealment. Lesbian-like practices were utilized by women in homosocial settings to undermine the heteronormative social structure. Concealment of sexual orientations, desires and practices was applied to “keep the order of things in place” and to undermine the repressive policies and practices based on the socio-religious normative.
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Monica, Pellerone, Stesy Giuseppa Razza, Sandra Miccichè, and Alessandra Lo Piccolo. "Relational Competence, School Adjustment and Emotional Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of Junior High School Students of the Sicilian Hinterland." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (2022): 618–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12727.
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Literature has demonstrated the influence of emotional adjustment toward manifestation of problem behaviors in adolescence above all during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research goal is to investigate the relational competence, the school adjustment and emotional skills in a group of junior high school students of the Sicilian hinterland. The research involved 213 students, among which 82 boys (38.1%) and 131 girls (61.9%), aged between 11 and 14 (M=12.98; S.D.=1.05), of which 6.7% have repeated the school year once. Participants completed following instruments: the Test of Interpersonal Relationships (TRI) developed by Bracken (1993) in order to value the perception of adolescents concerning the quality of their relationships in social, familial and school contexts; the Multidimensional Test of Self-Esteem (TMA) created by Bracken (2003), structured in six scales, which coincide with the dimensions considered constitutive of self-esteem, namely: Interpersonal Relationships, Emotional Competence, Control over the Environment, School Success, Family Life and Body Image Perception. Data show that a good emotional competence of adolescents has a positive influence on learning and scholastic success, but above all on their relational ability towards peer-group.
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Bram, Chen. "Namus’ in the Soviet Caucasus: Growing up and ‘Traditional Modernity’ among Kavkazi (Mountain) Jews." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 2 (4) (2020): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.11.
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This article discusses adolescences and educational processes among the Caucasian (‘Mountain’) Jews during the late Soviet period. Based on a combined anthropo- logical and social- history research I describe and analyze how the world of Caucasian Jews’ children and youth were shaped in relation to several content worlds: the traditional worlds of Caucasian Jews (Juhuro); the Soviet-communist world which was also the main mediator of modernization; and the immediate social and cultural surrounding, shared by several local groups, mostly Muslims. The traditional socialization patterns of Caucasian Jews stresses the importance of the extended family, stressed hierarchy and seniority related to age. Juhuro (Caucasian Jews) socialization highlighted codes of honor and respect connected to the term ‘Namus’ – a behavioral code regarding the right way to behave, inner consciousness, and several prohibitions – especially in gender relations. At the same time, the Soviet state educational system, both formal and informal, stressed modern values and highlighted Soviet communist ideology. Soviet educational system introduced a de-facto new status of adolescence- while traditionally there was much less moratorium period between childhood and adulthood among Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews (and other Caucasian groups). While these content-worlds and educational approaches seems to be in tension or even contradictions, I will argue that in practice there were mechanisms that allowed a great dill of complementary between them. Soviet modernization and socialization were transmitted– andmediated– by educational agents who were themselves members of the traditional groups of Caucasus. The outcome were several version of what I call ‘traditional modernity’, with various manifestations in the different communities of Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews, which got different shapes in relations to location (towns/ villages etc) and the characteristics of the local surroundings. The understanding of these patterns is important not only for historical studies, but also for educators who cope with current educational challenges in the different diasporas of Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews nowadays.
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Dasgupta, Nilanjana, and Jane G. Stout. "Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (2014): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214549471.
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Scientific advances fuel American economic competitiveness, quality of life, and national security. Much of the future job growth is projected in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). However, the supply of domestic students who pursue STEM careers remains small relative to the demand. On the supply side, girls and women represent untapped human capital that, if leveraged, could enhance the STEM workforce, given that they comprise 50% of the American population and more than 50% of the college-bound population. Yet the scarcity of women in STEM careers remains stark. What drives these gender disparities in STEM? And what are the solutions? Research points to different answers depending on the stage of human development. Distinct obstacles occur during three developmental periods: (a) childhood and adolescence, (b) emerging adulthood, and (c) young-to-middle adulthood. This article describes how specific learning environments, peer relations, and family characteristics become obstacles to STEM interest, achievement, and persistence in each period. Evidence-based policies and programs promise to eliminate these obstacles, increasing girls and women’s participation in STEM.