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Witoelar, Firman. "Risk Sharing within the Extended Family: Evidence from the Indonesia Family Life Survey." Economic Development and Cultural Change 62, no. 1 (October 2013): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671715.
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Winnie, Kirsten, Christine Broszko, and Amy Whittle. "Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycles Applied to a Longitudinal Research Protocol in a Family Medicine Residency." Family Medicine 51, no. 9 (October 4, 2019): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2019.992839.
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Background and Objectives: Barriers to research in family medicine are common. Resident studies are at risk of remaining incomplete. This report describes a process improvement (PI) to optimize survey data collection in a longitudinal research protocol led by family medicine residents. The protocol subject to the process improvement sought to evaluate maternal outcomes in group prenatal care vs traditional care. In the months preceding the PI, the resident researchers noted many surveys were not completed in their intended timeframe or were missing, threatening study validity. We describe a practical case example of the use of a PI tool to resident-led research. Methods: The residents applied three plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles over 8 months. Throughout the cycles, we solicited barriers and proposed solutions from the research team. Process measures included percentage of surveys completed within 2 weeks of the deadline (“on-time” response rate), and percentage of surveys completed overall. Results: A secure, shared survey tracker was created and optimized during three PDSA cycles to calculate and track survey deadlines automatically upon enrollment in the study. Automated colored flags appeared for due or overdue surveys. On-time response rates did not improve. Overall response rates did improve meaningfully from 57% (19 of 33 eligible) to 84% (16 of 19 eligible). Conclusions: The PDSA cycles improved survey response rates in this research protocol. This intervention incurred no cost, was easily implemented, and was impactful. Other research teams can apply this PI tool to barriers in their research processes with minimal risk and cost.
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Jasper, Byron K., James N. Becker, Allison Myers, and Peter F. Cronholm. "HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Training in Family Medicine Residencies: A National Survey." Family Medicine 54, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2022.740210.
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Background and Objectives: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces HIV transmission among high-risk individuals. Yet, the HIV epidemic continues to expand among marginalized populations and America’s Southeastern states. Various barriers remain to PrEP uptake, namely provider knowledge and education. We sought to investigate residency training, competency, and prescribing of PrEP among population size. Additionally, we asked program directors to identify barriers to PrEP. Methods: We surveyed family medicine program directors as part of the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance survey from January 2018 through February 2018. Results: Our survey questions had a 52.9% (276/522) response rate. No programs in rural communities less than 30,000 population (0/27) reported significant PrEP training for their residents; those in nonrural communities of at least 30,000 reported this training more frequently (41/246, 16.7%). Compared to Fischer expected values, the finding was statistically significant (P=.019); using a 75,000 population demarcation lowered significance (P=.192). We found programs that identify significant PrEP training also cite more PrEP prescribing within their practice (OR 7.27, P<.001). Programs with significant training also report their residents graduate with greater PrEP competency (OR 18.33, P<.001). The largest barriers identified were faculty expertise, not having enough high-risk patients, inadequate screening, and resident knowledge/training. Conclusions: We identified natural associations between increased training in PrEP and perceived PrEP competencies. We identified a lack of significant PrEP training and associated PrEP competencies in rural residency programs. Barriers identified in this study can help inform curricular needs to improve primary care workforce capacity to lower HIV risk.
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Jugovic, A., M. Sarajlija, and A. Sarajlija. "Social context of marijuana use among the young population: Case of Serbia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71769-2.
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IntroductionGlobal socio-cultural and family context of Serbian society intensifies risks of marijuana use (MU).ObjectivesPrevalence of MU in young population in Serbia and identification of family factors related to increased risk of MU.AimFive indicators were examined: prevalence of MU, age of first MU, MU during one month before survey, motives for MU, family factors of risk for MU.MethodThe study included 2987 participants aged between 16 and 35 years from different parts of Serbia. Collection of data was conducted in April 2007. Participants completed self-administered anonymous questionnaires (modified YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOUR SURVEY) that consisted of sociodemographic characteristics and experiences related to MU.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime MU among participants was 32%. First use was reported by 14% to occur at the age of sixteen or younger. During one month before survey 10% of participants had smoked marijuana. Risk of MU in regular cigarette smokers is two-fold higher than in non-smokers. Key motives for MU are curiosity (59%), achieving “good mood” (12%), persuasion by persons of the same age (11%), the emotional crisis (8,5%). Alcoholism of both parents and family dysfunctionality - especially physical and verbal conflicts between parents - were related to significantly higher risk of marijuana use.ConclusionEarly use of marijuana, history of family disorganization, parental alcoholism and conflicts were identified as factors significantly related to increased risk of marijuana use among young population in Serbia.
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Claeys, Jane, Olga Gurvich, and Niloufar Niakosari Hadidi. "Association between Family History of Stroke and Stroke Risk: A Community Survey." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 12 (September 10, 2020): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945920957935.
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Approximately 20% of the annual 795,000 stroke occurrences in the United States are fatal, and survivors face high-risk of long-term disability. The purpose of this secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey data was to explore the association between individuals’ family history of stroke and their stroke risk among Minnesota adults attending the State Fair. The primary study sample (n=207) completed a nine-part survey addressing medical history, stroke risk factor knowledge, and the American Stroke Association stroke risk score. Analysis used descriptive summaries and McNemar’s Chi-square test. McNemar’s test indicated a significant association between family history of stroke and an individual’s stroke risk score ( χ2=38.09, p<.001, (n=194)). Of those with and without family history of stroke, 87.1% and 95.5% correctly identified at least one stroke risk factor, respectively. Implications of this secondary data analysis is for nurses to target high-risk populations using primary prevention strategies to reduce stroke occurrence.
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Ferber, Megan Ferriby, Max Zubatsky, Christine K. Jacobs, and Peter F. Cronholm. "COVID-19 Exposure Risk, Burnout, and Shifts in Family Medicine Faculty’s Efforts: A National Survey." Family Medicine 54, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2022.449601.
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Background and Objectives: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, academic family physicians had to change their clinical, teaching, research, and administrative efforts, while simultaneously balancing their home environment demands. It is unclear how the changes in effort affected physicians’ personal well-being, particularly burnout. This study sought to identify changes in faculty’s clinical, teaching, research, and administrative efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic and how effort shifts were associated with burnout. We also examined associations with important demographics and burnout. Methods: We took data from the 2020 Council of Academic Family Medicine’s Educational Research Alliance survey of family medicine educators and practicing physicians during November 2020 through December 2020. We analyzed self-report measures of demographics, effort (clinical, teaching, research, and administrative) before and during the pandemic, COVID-19 exposure level, and rates of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) using logistic regressions. Results: Most participants reported no change in efforts. If changes were reported, clinical (21.6%) and administrative (24.8%) efforts tended to increase from before to during the pandemic, while teaching tended to decrease (27.7%). Increases in teaching and clinical efforts were associated with higher rates of emotional exhaustion. Higher depersonalization was associated with increased clinical efforts. Being older and working in a rural setting was associated with lower burnout, while being female was associated with higher burnout. Conclusions: Shifts in effort across academic family physicians’ multiple roles were associated with emotional exhaustion and, to a lesser degree, depersonalization. The high rates of burnout demand additional attention from directors and administrators, especially among female physicians.
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Castro Tavares, Rafael, and Cassia Renata Pinheiro. "Risk Management Applied to Brazilian Family Agriculture." Quaestum 1 (November 30, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22167/2675-441x-20200534.
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Although hazards exist in all agricultural settings—particularly for the family farmer—uncertainties related to productionplace food security and family subsistence at risk. The objective of thisstudy was therefore to analyze the components of risk managementapplied to family farming. To this end, we performed an exploratorystudy using data from a statistical survey of the 2018 AgriculturalCensus. Our results showed risks that were classified between mediumand high. We observed that 45.8% of producers received retirementfunds, implying they tend to be an older population. As a result,family succession work aimed at strengthening agricultural activitiesthrough technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) are necessary,since 80.1% of properties do not receive specialized guidance. Wealso found that 59% of the producers are not registered with theDeclaration of Aptitude to Pronaf (DAP), which is an instrument usedto access differentiated public programs. In this case, we observedthat 52.2% of credit comes from government programs, with Pronafaccounting for the highest volume of credit (40.2% of resources).Using these data, we find that integrated risk management contributesto the daily activities of the rural producer, promotes the continuousimprovement of the family business, assists in decision-making, andultimately results in a reduction of losses and increases family income.
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Rasooly, Danielle, John P. A. Ioannidis, Muin J. Khoury, and Chirag J. Patel. "Family History–Wide Association Study to Identify Clinical and Environmental Risk Factors for Common Chronic Diseases." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 8 (June 7, 2019): 1563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz125.
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Abstract Family history is a strong risk factor for many common chronic diseases and summarizes shared environmental and genetic risk, but how this increased risk is mediated is unknown. We developed a “family history–wide association study” (FamWAS) to systematically and comprehensively test clinical and environmental quantitative traits (CEQTs) for their association with family history of disease. We implemented our method on 457 CEQTs for association with family history of diabetes, asthma, and coronary heart disease (CHD) in 42,940 adults spanning 8 waves of the 1999–2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We conducted pooled analyses of the 8 survey waves and analyzed trait associations using survey-weighted logistic regression. We identified 172 (37.6% of total), 32 (7.0%), and 78 (17.1%) CEQTs associated with family history of diabetes, asthma, and CHD, respectively, in subcohorts of individuals without the respective disease. Twenty associated CEQTs were shared across family history of diabetes, asthma, and CHD, far more than expected by chance. FamWAS can examine traits not previously studied in association with family history and uncover trait overlap, highlighting a putative shared mechanism by which family history influences disease risk.
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Fitz-Gibbon, Kate, JaneMaree Maher, Jude McCulloch, and Marie Segrave. "Understanding and responding to family violence risks to children: Evidence-based risk assessment for children and the importance of gender." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 52, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865818760378.
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This article responds to recent calls to better understand and respond to family violence risks to children. Drawing on the findings of a wider research project on family violence risk which engaged with over 1000 members of Victoria’s family violence system through a survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews, this article examines practitioners’ views on current practices and future needs for reform to improve family violence risk assessment practices for children. The findings have implications both nationally and internationally, given the dearth of evidence-based family violence risks assessment tools. Key findings reinforce the importance of interagency collaboration and a shared responsibility for children impacted by family violence across services and the importance of specialised training in this area. Caution, however, is raised about ongoing patterns of blame for mothers affected by family violence: we conclude that the need to address children’s risk in family violence is critical but ongoing attention to how gendered patterns structure family violence and social responses is also essential.
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Han, Guanghua, and Yihong Liu. "Does Information Pattern Affect Risk Perception of Food Safety? A National Survey in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091935.
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Examining the variances in the assessments of risk, as perceived by residents, facilitates the development of appropriate risk information communication strategies. This paper aims to identify the effects of information source patterns on perceived food safety risks based on demographic factors. A national survey was conducted to examine, by means of multiple regression analysis, the relationship between the public’s perceived risks, demographic factors and information access. The study finds that residents’ preferences for information sources have been empirically proven to significantly affect their perceptions of food safety. We also find that more educated young urban dwellers, as well as those without cohabitation experience, tend to perceive a higher level of risk with respect to food safety. In contrast to our expectations, gender, family income and family size are not significantly correlated with the perception of food safety risk. The findings help to explain residents’ attitudes toward food safety administration and reactions to food hazards in the Chinese context. It is recommended that the governing authorities strengthen their communication capacities using modern communication media and make full use of traditional and face-to-face communications with respect to regulations.
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Kingston, Mark, Rhiannon Griffiths, Hayley Hutchings, Alison Porter, Ian Russell, and Helen Snooks. "Emergency admission risk stratification tools in UK primary care: a cross-sectional survey of availability and use." British Journal of General Practice 70, no. 699 (September 21, 2020): e740-e748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x712793.
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BackgroundStratifying patient populations by risk of adverse events was believed to support preventive care for those identified, but recent evidence does not support this. Emergency admission risk stratification (EARS) tools have been widely promoted in UK policy and GP contracts.AimTo describe availability and use of EARS tools across the UK, and identify factors perceived to influence implementation.Design and settingCross-sectional survey in UK.MethodOnline survey of 235 organisations responsible for UK primary care: 209 clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England; 14 health boards in Scotland; seven health boards in Wales; and five local commissioning groups (LCGs) in Northern Ireland. Analysis results are presented using descriptive statistics for closed questions and by theme for open questions.ResultsResponses were analysed from 171 (72.8%) organisations, of which 148 (86.5%) reported that risk tools were available in their areas. Organisations identified 39 different EARS tools in use. Promotion by NHS commissioners, involvement of clinical leaders, and engagement of practice managers were identified as the most important factors in encouraging use of tools by general practices. High staff workloads and information governance were identified as important barriers. Tools were most frequently used to identify individual patients, but also for service planning. Nearly 40% of areas using EARS tools reported introducing or realigning services as a result, but relatively few reported use for service evaluation.ConclusionEARS tools are widely available across the UK, although there is variation by region. There remains a need to align policy and practice with research evidence.
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Singh, Jay P., Rabeea Assy, and Katrina I. Serpa. "Violence risk assessment practices in Israel: a preliminary survey investigation." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-05-2018-0358.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the violence risk assessment practices in Israel by social workers, clinical criminologists, and marriage and family therapists using a Web-based survey. Design/methodology/approach A Web-based survey and participation letter were translated into Hebrew and distributed to members of the Israel Association of Social Workers, the Israel Society of Clinical Criminology and the Israel Association for Marital and Family Therapy following the Dillman Total Design Survey Method. Findings The sample was composed of 34 professionals, who reported using structured instruments to predict and manage the likelihood of violence in over half of their risk assessments over both their lifetime and the past 12 months. Younger female respondents who entered their profession more recently were more likely to use instruments during the risk assessment process. There appeared to be a trend toward decreased use of actuarial instruments and increased use in structured professional judgment instruments. Originality/value The first national survey of violence risk assessment practices by behavioral healthcare professionals in Israel was conducted. This study revealed the risk assessment utility trends in Israel, finding that compared to professionals in North America, South America, Europe, East Asia and Australia, professionals in Israel conducted fewer risk assessments and used structured instruments less often, highlighting concern about the lack of reliance on evidence-based techniques in the country.
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Dupépé, Esther B., Daxa M. Patel, Brandon G. Rocque, Betsy Hopson, Anastasia A. Arynchyna, E. Ralee' Bishop, and Jeffrey P. Blount. "Surveillance survey of family history in children with neural tube defects." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 19, no. 6 (June 2017): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.12.peds1668.
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OBJECTIVE Although there are known risk factors for the development of neural tube defects (NTDs), little is known regarding the role of family history. The authors' goal in this study is to describe the family history in their population of patients with NTDs. METHODS Surveys were completed for 254 patients who were accompanied by their biological mother during their annual visit to the multidisciplinary Spina Bifida Clinic at Children's of Alabama. An NTD has been diagnosed in all patients who are seen in this clinic (myelomeningocele, lipomeningocele, split cord malformation, and congenital dermal sinus tract). Each mother answered questions regarding known NTD risk factors and their pregnancy, as well as the family history of NTDs, other CNS disorders, and birth defects. RESULTS The overall prevalence of family history of NTDs in children with an NTD was 16.9% (n = 43), of which 3.1% (n = 8) were in first-degree relatives. In patients with myelomeningocele, 17.7% (n = 37) had a positive family history for NTDs, with 3.8% in first-degree relatives. Family history in the paternal lineage for all NTDs was 8.7% versus 10.6% in the maternal lineage. Twenty-two patients (8.7%) had a family history of other congenital CNS disorders. Fifteen (5.9%) had a family history of Down syndrome, 12 (4.7%) had a family history of cerebral palsy, and 13 (5.1%) patients had a family history of clubfoot. Fourteen (5.5%) had a family history of cardiac defect, and 13 (5.1%) had a family history of cleft lip or palate. CONCLUSIONS The family history of NTDs was 16.9% in children with NTD without a difference between maternal and paternal lineage. This high rate of positive family history suggests that genetics and epigenetics may play a larger role in the pathogenesis of NTD in the modern era of widespread folate supplementation.
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Thai, Thuy N., Thanh C. Bui, and Mark H. Ebell. "Developing and validating the Personal Risk of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus infection score in US Women." Family Practice 36, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmy091.
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Abstract Background Determining risk scores for genital high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection in women will support more efficient cervical cancer screening strategies. Objective We developed and validated point scores to predict the likelihood of any genital HRHPV infection in women. Methods We conducted the cross-sectional analysis in 2017 and used data from the 2005–14 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (7337 women aged 25–59 years; 6300 women aged 30–59 years). Predictors were reproductive health practices, risk behaviors and demographic variables. The outcome was a positive result for any of the 21 genital HRHPV genotypes. The 2005–12 cohorts were used as training and testing sets to develop scores that best classified women into three risk groups: low risk (<20%), average risk (20–30%) and high risk (>30%). The 2013–14 cohort was used to validate the final scores. Results Two-point scores with six self-reported variables were created to predict any HRHPV risks for the two age groups: the Personal Risk of Oncogenic HPV (PRO-HPV25) for women aged 25–59 years old and PRO-HPV30 for women aged 30–59 years old. The scores were successfully prospectively validated, with good calibration with regards to the predicted and observed rates of HRHPV infection. The scores had fair discrimination (c-statistics: 0.67–0.68). Conclusion The PRO-HPV risk scores can identify groups at low, average and high risk of genital HRHPV infection. This information can be used to prioritize women for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings or to personalize screening intervals.
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Maust, Donovan T., Lewei (Allison) Lin, Molly Candon, Julie Strominger, and Steven C. Marcus. "Linking a Survey of Clinician Benzodiazepine-Related Beliefs to Risk of Benzodiazepine Prescription Fills Among Patients in Medicare." Annals of Family Medicine 20, no. 6 (November 2022): 556–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.2883.
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Enns, Peter K., Youngmin Yi, Megan Comfort, Alyssa W. Goldman, Hedwig Lee, Christopher Muller, Sara Wakefield, Emily A. Wang, and Christopher Wildeman. "What Percentage of Americans Have Ever Had a Family Member Incarcerated?: Evidence from the Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS)." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311982933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119829332.
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What percentage of Americans have ever had a family member incarcerated? To answer this question, we designed the Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS). The survey was administered in the summer of 2018 by NORC at the University of Chicago using their AmeriSpeak Panel. It was funded by FWD.us, which released a separate report using the data. The data show that 45 percent of Americans have ever had an immediate family member incarcerated. The incarceration of an immediate family member was most prevalent for blacks (63 percent) but common for whites (42 percent) and Hispanics (48 percent) as well. College graduates had a lower risk of having a family member incarcerated, but the risk for black college graduates was comparatively high. The most common form of family member incarceration was the incarceration of a sibling.
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Ma, Yanyan, and Xueyan Zhao. "What Affects the Livelihood Risk Coping Preferences of Smallholder Farmers? A Case Study from the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 4608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084608.
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As the smallest livelihood unit in rural areas, farmers often face multiple risks. Rational responses to livelihood risks not only prevent households from falling into poverty, but also improve the sustainability of family livelihoods. This is essential to the sustainable development of rural areas. This paper takes the region located in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China as an example, using household survey data to analyze farmers’ livelihood risk coping strategies and their key factors through a binary logistic model. The results show that 92.80% of farmers face the shock of multiple livelihood risks. The main livelihood risks of farmers are family capacity building risk, health risk and social risk. When faced with multiple livelihood risks, farmers have the strongest preference to give priority to health risks, followed by family capacity building risks and social risks. Among them, farmers’ health risk coping preferences are stronger in farming areas than those in purely pastoral and farming-pastoral areas. There are differences in the factors for farmers’ preferences for coping with different livelihood risks. Human capital is a key factor for health risk coping preferences. Human capital and social capital are key factors for social risk coping preferences. Social capital is a key factor for family capacity building risk coping preferences. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to provide reference for farmers rationally coping with livelihood risks.
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Agbabiaka, Taofikat B., Neil H. Spencer, Sabina Khanom, and Claire Goodman. "Prevalence of drug–herb and drug–supplement interactions in older adults: a cross-sectional survey." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 675 (September 24, 2018): e711-e717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x699101.
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BackgroundPolypharmacy is common among older adults, with increasing numbers also using prescription drugs with herbal medicinal products (HMPs) and dietary supplements. There is no reliable evidence from the UK on concurrent use of HMPs and dietary supplements with prescription drugs in older adults.AimTo establish prevalence of concurrent prescription drugs, HMPs, and dietary supplements among UK community-dwelling older adults and identify potential interactions.Design and settingCross-sectional survey of older adults registered at two general practices in South East England.MethodA questionnaire asking about prescription medications, HMPs, and sociodemographic information was posted to 400 older adults aged ≥65 years, identified as taking ≥1 prescription drug.ResultsIn total 155 questionnaires were returned (response rate = 38.8%) and the prevalence of concurrent HMPs and dietary supplements with prescriptions was 33.6%. Females were more likely than males to be concurrent users (43.4% versus 22.5%; P = 0.009). The number of HMPs and dietary supplements ranged from 1 to 8, (mean = 3, median = 1; standard deviation = 1.65). The majority of concurrent users (78.0%) used dietary supplements with prescription drugs. The most commonly used dietary supplements were cod liver oil, glucosamine, multivitamins, and vitamin D. Others (20.0%) used only HMPs with prescription drugs. Common HMPs were evening primrose oil, valerian, and Nytol Herbal® (a combination of hops, gentian, and passion flower). Sixteen participants (32.6%) were at risk of potential adverse drug interactions.ConclusionGPs should routinely ask questions regarding herbal and supplement use, to identify and manage older adults at potential risk of adverse drug interactions.
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Supriyadi, Rudi, David Paranoan, and Yulia Sofiatin. "Cardiovascular-Related Death Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients: Indonesia Family Life Survey 2000-2014." International Journal of Integrated Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15850/ijihs.v9n1.2185.
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Objective: To determine the characteristics of the risk factors of cardiovascular death in hypertensive patients in Indonesia based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) longitudinal data. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study on secondary data from the IFLS population starting from2000 and was followed up in 2007 and 2014. The inclusion criteria for participation were15 years old or older, had hypertension, had cardiovascular events as thecause of death, and had complete data in both IFLS 3 (2000) and IFLS 4 (2007). Results: The IFLS 5 (2014) reported 918 deaths among eligible subjects with complete data, both in IFLS 3 (2000) and IFLS 4 (2007). Of those, a total of 608 subjects experienced hypertension started from 2000 and/or 2007. Of these deaths, 112 were due to cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular death was more common in males (58.9%), age of >65 years old when died (47.3%), had poor socioeconomic status (24.1%), and with normal body mass index (54.9%). Conclusion: Male, late adulthood, low level of education, normal BMI, and poor socioeconomic status represented the greater risks of cardiovascular death among hypertensive patients in Indonesia.
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Luthfina, Nida. "ANALYSIS OF PREGNANCY INTENSION RISK FACTORS IN INDONESIA WITH DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY (DHS) IN 2017." Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 10, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v10i1.2021.35-44.
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The pregnancy intention can be divided into two, namely the desired pregnancy and unwanted pregnancy/Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan (KTD). Unwanted pregnancy can cause negative impacts on the mother, such as not carrying out antenatal care (ANC) and abortion. Besides, babies born from KTD are more at risk of experiencing low birth weight and not getting breast milk/Air Susu Ibu (ASI) from their mothers. Therefore, the risk factors of pregnancy intention need to be known to prevent the incidence of KTD in Indonesia. This study analyzes the risk factors for pregnancy intention in Indonesia, such as maternal age, parity, sex of the baby born, mother's work status, education level, type of area of residence, family economy, and history of contraceptive use or family planning/Keluarga Berencana (KB). The research design was cross-sectional with analysis using logistic regression statistical tests. This study used secondary data from the 2017 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) with 14,778 subjects. The results of this analysis are the risk factors for pregnancy intention in Indonesia, namely the age of the mother (p-value = 0,000 and OR = 1.403), parity (p-value = 0,000 and OR = 2,860), the type of area of residence (p-value = 0,000 and OR = 1,518) and history of use of family planning (p-value = 0.000 and OR = 0.711). The risk of adverse events is greater in mothers aged <20 years and> 35 years, parity more than 3, residing in urban areas, and having a history of using family planning. There is no significant relationship between the sex of the baby, the mother's employment status, education level, and family economy on pregnancy intention.
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Trochtová, Ludmila Siarda, Jiří Pospíšil, and Helena Pospíšilová. "Social Risks as the Source of Threats and Concerns: The Survey in the Czech Republic." Societies 11, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11040139.
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The object of this research was to determine the subjective recognized social threats in the context of contemporary society. Given the growing number of people who feel threatened by certain social threats, there is a presumption that the risk is real, and the identified groups are affected by social risks. The recognition of social threats in the population has a broader social context, and may be influenced by key socio-demographic factors. This influence is significant for many risks, and helps to better understand the nature of the specific groups at risk. It also allows us to recognize that the socio-demographic and family context creates specific conditions for the occurrence of social threats. The aim of the paper is to find the relationships between different types of social threats and gender, age groups, personal situation (occupation), educational attainment, and family situation. A similar study was carried out by the OECD in 2018 (the Czech Republic was not included). The research was designed as cross-sectional ex-post-facto, and the statistical significance was determined using χ2 test of independence. The survey was carried out in 2018–2019 nationwide across the Czech Republic. The processed data of 5425 respondents has shown that, in the Czech Republic, the subjectively perceived significant threats seem to be the loss of job and unemployment, insufficient skills, and an unwillingness to educate oneself or to be trained, social pressure, and unsatisfactory housing conditions. The research reveals that the recognition of social threats depends on social and family conditions, and there exist specific groups feeling threats more intensively than exist in others. The groups that are at the most risk are individuals with primary education and an apprenticeship. In the population, women are more at risk, as well as the 25–34 and 45+ age groups.
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Kanungo, Srikanta, and MahendraM Reddy. "Noncommunicable disease risk factor reporting in National Family Health Survey-4: A critical appraisal." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 5, no. 2 (2016): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192316.
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Moon, Rachel Y., Marit Kington, Rosalind Oden, Joana Iglesias, and Fern R. Hauck. "Physician Recommendations Regarding SIDS Risk Reduction: A National Survey of Pediatricians and Family Physicians." Clinical Pediatrics 46, no. 9 (November 2007): 791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922807303894.
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Stockman, J. A. "Physician Recommendations Regarding SIDS Risk Reduction: A National Survey of Pediatricians and Family Physicians." Yearbook of Pediatrics 2009 (January 2009): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3954(08)79194-2.
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Dalby, Dawn M., John W. Sellors, Fred D. Fraser, Catherine Fraser, Cornelia H. M. van Ineveld, Laura Pickard, and Michelle Howard. "Screening Seniors for Risk of Functional Decline: Results of a Survey in Family Practice." Canadian Journal of Public Health 90, no. 2 (March 1999): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404117.
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Hiebl, Martin R. W., Christine Duller, and Herbert Neubauer. "Enterprise risk management in family firms: evidence from Austria and Germany." Journal of Risk Finance 20, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-01-2018-0003.
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Purpose Family firms are the most prevalent type of firm worldwide. Nevertheless, the existent enterprise risk management (ERM) literature is silent on the adoption of ERM in family firms. Family firms exhibit specifics likely to influence the adoption of ERM. Most importantly, they often feature lower levels of agency conflicts, which should make them less prone to invest in mechanisms to control such problems. Consequently, it is expected that family firms are less prone to invest in ERM. This paper aims to explore this basic expectation. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a survey of 430 firms from Austria and Germany. Findings It is observed that family firms show a lower adoption of ERM, especially in family firms where there is a family CEO. Research limitations/implications The results suggest that future empirical ERM research should more closely analyze or at least control for family influence. Originality/value This study is among the first to analyze ERM adoption in family firms.
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Li, Xinyi, Julia E. McGuinness, Alejandro Vanegas, Hilary Colbeth, Jennifer Vargas, Rossy Sandoval, Rita Kukafka, and Katherine D. Crew. "Identifying women at high-risk for breast cancer using data from the electronic health record compared to self-report." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e13044-e13044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e13044.
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e13044 Background: One of the barriers to chemoprevention uptake among high-risk women is the lack of routine breast cancer risk assessment in the primary care setting. We calculated breast cancer risk using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model, which accounts for age, race/ethnicity, first-degree family history of breast cancer, benign breast disease, and mammographic density, using data collected from the electronic health record (EHR) compared to self-report. Methods: Among women undergoing screening mammography, we collected breast cancer risk information from the EHR and a self-administered survey. Eligibility criteria for calculating 5-year invasive breast cancer risk using the BCSC model included age 35-74, no prior history of breast cancer, mastectomy, or breast augmentation. We extracted data on demographics, structured first-degree family history, breast radiology and pathology reports from the EHR. We assessed agreement in breast cancer risk information between the EHR and self-report data. Results: Among 13,735 women with EHR data for BCSC risk calculation, 2708 women (20%) met high-risk criteria, based upon a 5-year breast cancer risk ≥1.67%. Among high-risk women, 2% were age 40-49, 23% age 50-59, 48% age 60-69, and 26% age 70-74. From the EHR, data was missing on 31% for race/ethnicity and 85% for family history. Among 2320 women with both EHR and self-report data, more complete information was available for race/ethnicity, family history, and breast biopsies in the surveys. More first-degree family history (14% vs. 3%) and prior breast biopsies (18% vs. 11%) were identified by self-report vs. EHR, respectively. However, more women with atypia and lobular carcinoma in situwere identified from the EHR. More high-risk women (20% vs. 16%) were identified with EHR vs. survey data, respectively, with correlation of 0.82. Conclusions: Among women undergoing screening mammography, we identified 20% who met high-risk criteria according to the BCSC model based upon EHR data, despite missing information on race/ethnicity, family history, and prior breast biopsies. This may serve as an initial screen for identifying women eligible for breast cancer chemoprevention.
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Robert, Caroline, Céleste Lebbé, Sevrine Ricard, Philippe Saiag, Florent Grange, Laurent Mortier, Christine Lhomel, and Bruno Sassolas. "Personal melanoma risk awareness versus intrinsic risk." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 9069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9069.
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9069 Background: Intrinsic risk factors for melanoma include personal and family history of the condition, a high number of naevi and a light skin phototype (I or II). The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between personal awareness of melanoma risk and objective risk factors and to analyze the elements associated with under-or over-evaluation of the actual risk. Methods: EDIFICE melanoma, a nationwide French observational survey, was conducted through phone interviews on a representative sample of 1502 subjects aged ≥ 18 using typical quotas. The survey took place from 28th Sept 2011 to 20th Oct 2011. Results: 393 subjects (26%) had at least one melanoma risk factor: personal: 1%; family history: 11%; high number of naevi: 8% and phototype I-II: 11%. 1109 (74%) had no risk factor. 1029 (73%) had a correct perception of their risk level, 135 (10%) overestimated their risk and 241 (17%) underestimated it. Compared to the control group (correct perception), the population overestimating the melanoma risk is characterised by a higher percentage of individuals living alone (32% vs. 24%, p<0.05), socio-professional category + (38% vs. 28%, p<0.01) and greater alcohol consumption (45% vs. 34%, p<0.02). They are also more likely to expose themselves to the sun (89% vs. 78%, p<0.004) and less likely to use sunscreen protection (58% vs. 44%, p<0.003). A greater proportion of them participates in melanoma screening programmes (21% vs. 14%, p<0.04). The population that underestimates the risk is characterised by lower educational attainment (11% vs. 7%, p<0.05), greater use of high SPF sunscreen (41% vs. 29%, p<0.0004) and a more frequent use of UV sunbeds (9% vs. 6%, p<0.06). Conclusions: Overall, the French have a fair perception of their personal likelihood of developing melanoma. Interestingly, subjects overestimating their intrinsic risk do not behave appropriately with respect to sun protection measures (more sun exposure and less sunscreen protection). On the other hand, subjects underestimating their risk use UV sunbeds more extensively.
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McCain, Lynn A., Bailey Hulswit, Kara J. Milliron, Amanda Cook, David Keren, Lee Schroeder, Sofia Merajver, and Jerry Tippie. "Impact of increased understanding of personal and family health history on patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.256.
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256 Background: The InheRET personal and family health history survey was administered to 384 patients at three Michigan Medicine Clinics (2 primary care (11% of patients) and one breast and ovarian cancer risk clinic (89% of patients)) between October 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019. Since family history alone misses ~30% of those with deleterious germline mutations, this study follows these patients to determine what, if any, impact completion of the histories had on patients’ lifestyle choices, cancer prevention screenings, and risk-reducing therapies adopted based on perceived risk status: Meeting or not meeting NCCN Guidelines for referral to genetics for further evaluation. Methods: One year after patients completed their health histories, a follow-up survey was emailed to patients inquiring into actions taken following completion of the InheRET health history form. Anonymous responses were automatically collected into a Google Datasheet and analyzed. Results: As of June 16, 2020, 61 patients had returned their surveys; 37 (60.7%) reported being referred to a genetics specialist, of whom 92% kept their counseling appointments and 100% of these were recommended to be tested. At the time of survey completion, 29 patients had been tested and 32 patients had not been tested. We analyzed the actions taken between these two groups and discovered that 75% of patients who did not meet NCCN Guidelines and were not recommended for counseling and testing (population risk patients) still made lifestyle changes to improve their health and engaged in at least one cancer screening activity in the past year to reduce their cancer risk. The only preventive medical treatments received by this group were Tamoxifen (12.9%) and Hormone Replacement Therapy (3.2%). Among patients meeting NCCN Guidelines and tested (4 positive, 17 negative, 8 inconclusive/VUS/unknown results), 58.6% made positive lifestyle choices, 86.5% engaged in one or more cancer screening activities, and 34.5% sought additional medical interventions such as chemoprevention, hormone replacement and/or prophylactic surgery. Conclusions: By learning more about their personal and family health histories, patients who did not meet referral guidelines and were not referred for counseling and testing were proactive in taking actions to improve their overall health and reduce their cancer risk. This demonstrates the importance of knowing and understanding one’s family health history, even for those not meeting NCCN referral guidelines.
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Gajjar, Ketan, Gemma Ogden, M. I. Mujahid, and Khalil Razvi. "Symptoms and Risk Factors of Ovarian Cancer: A Survey in Primary Care." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (August 23, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/754197.
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In spite of the increased awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms, the predictive value of symptoms remains very low. The aim of this paper is to obtain the views of general practitioners (GPs) in relation to symptom-based detection of ovarian cancer and to assess their knowledge for family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer as a predisposing factor for ovarian cancer. In this questionnaire survey, postal questionnaires were sent to 402 GPs in 132 primary care clinics, out of which we obtained 110 replies (27.4%). Approximately 26% of respondent GPs thought that the symptoms were more likely to be frequent, sudden, and persistent, and one-fifth were unsure of the importance of family history of breast cancer in relation to ovarian cancer. The participant GPs scored a set of symptoms for their relevance to ovarian cancer from 0 (not relevant) to 10 (most relevant). The highest scored symptoms were abdominal swelling (mean ± SD, 8.19±2.33), abdominal bloating (7.01±3.01), and pelvic pain (7.46±2.26). There was a relative lack of awareness for repetitive symptoms as well as gastrointestinal symptoms as an important feature in a symptom-based detection of ovarian cancer.
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von Wagner, Christian, Sandro Stoffel, Madeleine Freeman, Helga Laszlo, Brian D. Nicholson, Jessican Sheringham, Dorothy Szinay, and Yasemin Hirst. "Attitudes towards faecal immunochemical testing in patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer: an online survey of GPs in England." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 676 (October 8, 2018): e757-e764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x699413.
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BackgroundThere is increasing interest in using a quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT) to rule out colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with high-risk symptoms in primary care.AimThis study aimed to investigate GPs’ attitudes and willingness to use a FIT over an urgent 2-week wait (2WW) referral.Design and settingA cross-sectional online survey involving 1024 GPs working across England.MethodLogistic regression models were used to explore the likelihood of GPs using a FIT instead of a 2WW referral, and reported using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsJust over one-third of GPs (n = 365) preferred to use a FIT as a rule-out test over a 2WW referral. GPs were more willing if they were: aged 36–45 years (OR 1.59 [95% CI = 1.04 to 2.44]); 46–55 years (OR 1.99 [95% CI = 1.14 to 3.47]); thought a FIT was highly accurate (OR 1.63 [95% CI = 1.16 to 2.29]); thought patients would benefit compared with having a colonoscopy (OR 2.02 [95% CI = 1.46 to 2.79]); and were highly confident about discussing the benefits of a FIT (OR 2.14 [95% CI = 1.46 to 3.16]). GPs were less willing if they had had >10 urgent referrals in the past year (OR 0.62 [95% CI = 0.40 to 0.94]) and thought that longer consultations would be needed (OR 0.61 [95% CI = 0.44 to 0.83]).ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the acceptability of using a FIT as a rule-out test in primary care is currently low, with less than half of GPs who perceived the test to be accurate preferring it over colonoscopy. Any potential guideline changes recommending a FIT in patients with high-risk symptoms, instead of urgent referral to rule out CRC, are likely to require intensive supporting educational outreach to increase GP confidence in the accuracy and application of a FIT in this context.
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Kim, Hyunjeong, Min-Kyoung Cho, Hyeonyoung Ko, Jung Eun Yoo, and Yun-Mi Song. "Association between Smartphone Usage and Mental Health in South Korean Adolescents: The 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey." Korean Journal of Family Medicine 41, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0108.
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Price, Sarah, Anne Spencer, Antonieta Medina-Lara, and Willie Hamilton. "Availability and use of cancer decision-support tools: a cross-sectional survey of UK primary care." British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 684 (May 7, 2019): e437-e443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x703745.
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BackgroundDecision-support tools quantify the risk of undiagnosed cancer in symptomatic patients, and may help GPs when making referrals.AimTo quantify the availability and use of cancer decision-support tools (QCancer® and risk assessment tools) and to explore the association between tool availability and 2-week-wait (2WW) referrals for suspected cancer.Design and settingA cross-sectional postal survey in UK primary care.MethodsOut of 975 UK randomly selected general practices, 4600 GPs and registrars were invited to participate. Outcome measures included the proportions of UK general practices where cancer decision-support tools are available and at least one GP uses the tool. Weighted least-squares linear regression with robust errors tested the association between tool availability and number of 2WW referrals, adjusting for practice size, sex, age, and Index of Multiple Deprivation.ResultsIn total, 476 GPs in 227 practices responded (response rates: practitioner, 10.3%; practice, 23.3%). At the practice level, 83/227 (36.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.3 to 43.1) practices had at least one GP or registrar with access to cancer decision-support tools. Tools were available and likely to be used in 38/227 (16.7%, 95% CI = 12.1 to 22.2) practices. In subgroup analyses of 172 English practices, there was no difference in mean 2WW referral rate between practices with tools and those without (mean adjusted difference in referrals per 100 000: 3.1, 95% CI = −5.5 to 11.7).ConclusionThis is the first survey of cancer decision-support tool availability and use. It suggests that the tools are an underused resource in the UK. Given the cost of cancer investigation, a randomised controlled trial of such clinical decision-support aids would be appropriate.
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Yang, Chan, Xiaogang He, Xiaoyan Wang, and Jinjun Nie. "The Influence of Family Social Status on Farmer Entrepreneurship: Empirical Analysis Based on Thousand Villages Survey in China." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 8450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148450.
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Researchers in the fields of psychology and sociology have demonstrated the profound influence of social status on people’s behavior. Although existing studies show that social status matters, scholars have devoted little attention to how family social status affects individuals’ risk-taking entrepreneurial behavior. In Chinese rural areas, where the idea of “family” is deeply embedded, how family social status affects farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior is still an unsolved question. In this paper, we analyze the impact of family social status on farmer entrepreneurship and investigate the moderating effects of external institutional factors, such as regional policy uncertainty and local family culture. Our findings show that family social status has an important impact on farmers’ risk preferences, therefore affecting their motivation to undertake entrepreneurial behaviors. By inspecting the role of social status at the family level, our study offers important implications for social class and entrepreneurial theorizing.
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Björk, Janina M., Johanna Nordmyr, and Anna K. Forsman. "Reconciling Work and Family Demands and Related Psychosocial Risk and Support Factors among Working Families: A Finnish National Survey Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 8566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148566.
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Working families commonly struggle with reconciling work and family demands. While the Nordic welfare states have been regarded as forerunners in family-friendly policies, worldwide trends threaten work–family reconciliation also in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations between family interference with work (FIW)/work interference with family (WIF) and selected psychosocial risk and support factors in the work and family settings of Finnish working families. Data from the Finnish Quality of Work Life Survey 2018 collected by Statistics Finland were utilized to conduct binary logistic regression analyses (N = 1431). Risk factors in the work setting emerged as key covariates as all of them showed statistically significant associations with WIF or both WIF and FIW. Another key finding was that occasional conflicts within the family were beneficial in the context of both WIF and FIW. To conclude, both distinct and mutual psychosocial risk and support factors of FIW and WIF were identified, at the same time as two socio-demographic factors as well as one workplace factor were identified as covariates specifically of FIW. This study showed that work–family reconciliation is a considerable challenge among Finnish working families, and especially to women.
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Vincenti, Virginia, and Bernard Steinman. "Family Dynamics and Elder Financial Exploitation by Family-Member Powers-of-Attorney Agents." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1655.
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Abstract Elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) is a growing problem likely to increase due to population aging. Older people, often considered vulnerable, are frequently targeted for financial exploitation. Relatives, identified as the largest group of perpetrators often misuse powers of attorney (POA); nevertheless, relationship complexity and dependencies, and family privacy result in underreporting and infrequent prosecutions. The aim of this research is to understand family risk factors that could be used for prevention and early detection. We hypothesized that family dynamics in EFFE families compared to non-EFFE families having family-member POA agents would be at greater risk when these risk factors were present. Our larger multi-state research team created a survey to collect demographic and situational data and to explore family-member and elder characteristics and specific family dynamics that could later place older relatives at risk for EFFE. Analyses consisted of testing whether poor family functioning, ineffective communication/problem-solving dynamics, resource exchange patterns, conflict before/during resource distribution, and entitlement attitudes were statistically associated with the occurrence of EFFE. Specifically, we tested a series of hierarchical logistic regressions to examine the association of family dynamic variables with EFFE. Results suggest that fairness conflict, exchange expectations, entitlement expectations, and communication patterns were statistically associated with EFFE. Current family communication patterns were not a statistical predictor of EFFE. These results could prompt older persons and relevant healthcare, legal, financial, law enforcement, social service, and counseling professionals to work proactively with families and mid-life and older adults to consider risk factors before making end-of-life decisions.
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Durrand, James, F. McHardy, E. Land, Z. Llewellyn, C. Norman, T. Goh, S. Fenton, and G. Danjoux. "PREP — The Preoperative Risk Education Package: an online educational resource for primary care clinicians to encourage community based prehabilitation prior to major surgery." British Journal of General Practice 68, suppl 1 (June 2018): bjgp18X697277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x697277.
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BackgroundPrehabilitation prior to major surgery mandates cross-sector working. Utilising the preoperative window from referral requires clinician engagement. Awareness of perioperative risk factors is crucial. A national survey uncovered gaps in knowledge and understanding.AimCreate an open-access, online educational resource for primary care clinicians.MethodOur multidisciplinary team developed a focused CPD resource targeting lifestyle factors and chronic health conditions influencing perioperative risk (www.prepwell.co.uk).ResultsPREP highlights seven risk factors influencing perioperative risk: Smoking, alcohol, inactivity, anaemia, cognitive impairment, frailty and low BMI. A case study frames each factor alongside perioperative impact and prehabilitation strategies.ConclusionPREP is the first educational resource of its type. Early evaluation through local clinicians, the RCGP and RCOA has resulted in very positive feedback. We are working with Royal College representatives to gain formal endorsement and facilitate wider scale rollout, a major step towards raised clinician awareness and enhanced collaboration for improved perioperative outcomes.
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Sunarti, Euis, Aliya Faizah Fithriyah, Nikmatul Khoiriyah, Winny Novyanti, Intan Islamia, and Viena R. Hasanah. "Portrait of Indonesian Family During One Year the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Factors Influencing Family Welfare and Resilience." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0031.
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This study aimed to capture aspects of Indonesian family life during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected through online questionnaire survey, followed by 1048 participants with wide-ranged socio-economic status. The COVID-19 pandemic expands the vulnerability of families, brings economic pressure, symptoms of stress, disrupts food security and psychological welfare. However, the family tries to overcome and balance it by managing resources and increasing interaction and worship. They believe they can overcome problems, accompanied by the belief that the pandemic is a trial from the Almighty. An interesting finding was that during a pandemic, many families were stepping up their donations. The important findings of this study are the higher the stress level, the lower the social welfare, psychological welfare, and family resilience. Meanwhile, the social and psychological welfare of the family is positively influenced by the welfare of the child. Family resilience is directly and positively influenced by food coping strategies and social welfare, but is negatively affected by perceived stress symptoms. Economic pressures lead to higher social welfare which is manifested by better communication, decision making, donation, and family time management. The findings of this survey show the importance of families managing stressors and increasing family resilience.
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Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Saddaf Naaz Akhtar, Rania Ali Albsoul, and Muhammad Ahmed Alshyyab. "Conflict driven displacement and child health: Evidence based on mother’s nationality from Jordan Population and Family Health Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): e0257080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257080.
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Introduction Armed conflicts result in greater vulnerability and socioeconomic inequality of populations besides risking their health and well-being. Conflict intensifies the health needs and risks the life and well-being of individuals at large through displacement. Therefore, our study aims to apprise the interventions to which children under-five living in Jordan are especially at risk for acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, and fever in the conflict circumstances. Materials and methods Secondary data analysis is used in the present study. We used a weighted sample of around 9650 children from Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS), 2017–18. Bivariate analysis including prevalence rates were used to examine the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of children. The study has also used multinomial logistic regression model, in order to evaluate the variations in the probability of nationality of under-five children living in Jordan. Results “Syrian nationalist” children have a higher relative risk of ARI (RRR = 1.19, [1.08, 1.32]), and “Other-nationalist” children have two times greater risk of ARI compared to “Jordanian children.” The relative risk of diarrhea is lower among “Syrian nationalist” and “Other-nationalist” children compared to “Jordanian children.” Children belong “Other-nationalist” are found to be less relative risk of fever (RRR = 0.9, [0.80, 1.01]) than “Jordanian children.” Conclusions Our study concludes that conflict-driven displacement has an immediate effect on child health through access, availability, and affordability of health care services, resulting in more significant health care risks. However, sufficient investment is required to address such adversities that affect the health care system due to uneven demand as experienced by the Jordanian health care system. Thus, collaborative efforts through global partners can play a significant role in the countries facing the challenges of managing these health care emergencies.
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Beidler, Laura B., Nancy R. Kressin, Jolie B. Wormwood, Tracy A. Battaglia, Priscilla J. Slanetz, and Christine M. Gunn. "Perceptions of Breast Cancer Risks Among Women Receiving Mammograph Screening." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): e2252209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.52209.
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ImportanceBreast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Despite the proliferation of mandated written notifications about breast density following mammography, there is little understanding of how women perceive the relative breast cancer risk associated with breast density.ObjectiveTo assess women’s perception of breast density compared with other breast cancer risks and explore their understanding of risk reduction.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis mixed-methods qualitative study used telephone surveys and semistructured interviews to investigate perceptions about breast cancer risk among a nationally representative, population-based sample of women. Eligible study participants were aged 40 to 76 years, reported having recently undergone mammography, had no history of prior breast cancer, and had heard of breast density. Survey participants who had been informed of their personal breast density were invited for a qualitative interview. Survey administration spanned July 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, with 2306 women completing the survey. Qualitative interviews were conducted from February 1 to May 30, 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRespondents compared the breast cancer risk associated with breast density with 5 other risk factors. Participants qualitatively described what they thought contributed to breast cancer risk and ways to reduce risk.ResultsOf the 2306 women who completed the survey, 1858 (166 [9%] Asian, 503 [27%] Black, 268 [14%] Hispanic, 792 [43%] White, and 128 [7%] other race or ethnicity; 358 [19%] aged 40-49 years, 906 [49%] aged 50-64 years, and 594 [32%] aged ≥65 years) completed the revised risk perception questions and were included in the analysis. Half of respondents thought breast density to be a greater risk than not having children (957 [52%]), having more than 1 alcoholic drink per day (975 [53%]), or having a prior breast biopsy (867 [48%]). Most respondents felt breast density was a lesser risk than having a first-degree relative with breast cancer (1706 [93%]) or being overweight or obese (1188 [65%]). Of the 61 women who were interviewed, 6 (10%) described breast density as contributing to breast cancer risk, and 43 (70%) emphasized family history as a breast cancer risk factor. Of the interviewed women, 17 (28%) stated they did not know whether it was possible to reduce their breast cancer risk.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study of women of breast cancer screening age, family history was perceived as the primary breast cancer risk factor. Most interviewees did not identify breast density as a risk factor and did not feel confident about actions to mitigate breast cancer risk. Comprehensive education about breast cancer risks and prevention strategies is needed.
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Nawawi, Yusuf Syaeful, Afsheen Hasan, Liza Salawati, Husnah, and Widiastuti. "Insights into the association between smoking and obesity: the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey." Medical Journal of Indonesia 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.204178.
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BACKGROUND Various findings on the relationship between smoking and obesity have been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking behavior and obesity in the Indonesian adult population.
METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey. A body mass index of ≥25 kg/m² was employed to define obesity. Smoking behavior was assessed in terms of smoking status and its attributes. The potential confounders of gender, age, education, residential environment, economic status, physical activity, and education level were adjusted using logistic regression.
RESULTS Study subjects were 28,949 adults aged ≥20 years. Current smoking was a protective factor of obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.58), whereas previous smoking habit showed no association with obesity (aOR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.84–1.09). The risk of current smokers having obesity was lower than that of nonsmokers as smoking duration increased (aOR = 0.46–0.63). By contrast, the risk of obesity was relatively higher among former smokers than current smokers as the duration of quitting increased (aOR = 1.46–2.20). Heavy smokers had a higher risk of obesity than light smokers among former (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.27– 2.67) and current smokers (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.23–1.65).
CONCLUSIONS Overall, smoking negatively affected obesity among the Indonesian adult population. By contrast, quitting smoking was associated with an increased risk of obesity. Thus, weight management along with smoking cessation intervention should be prescribed.
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Mingazov, A. F., I. S. Lukomskiy, L. R. Khabibullina, and E. A. Khomyakov. "Risk factors of burnout among physicians (results of public survey)." Koloproktologia 21, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-4-60-67.
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AIM: to identify risk factors for burnout of healthcare employees and to identify the most vulnerable category of practicing physicians.PATIENTS AND METHODS: an observational study based on a public survey started from June to August 2022. The validated Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was used as a burnout assessment tool. An integral burnout index was calculated, on the basis of which significant risk factors were analyzed. The results obtained are presented in the form of a predictive nomogram.RESULTS: the high degree of emotional burnout in Russia among doctors reaches 32%. The most significant professional risk factors are relationships between colleagues (p = 0.0002), overtime work (p = 0.006), work in outpatient unit (p = 0.006), with severe patients (p = 0.008) and uneven planning of work activities (0.0004). The protective factors are: family (p = 0.001), sports (p = 0.001), meditation (p = 0.005) and talking about own problems (p = 0.01).CONCLUSION: burnout is a multifactorial problem. The proposed nomogram is useful for identification of the most vulnerable specialists.
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Kruper, Laura, Meghana Bhatt, Karin London, Katherine Henderson, Courtney Vito, John H. Yim, and Steven L. Chen. "Prophylactic mastectomy: The role of risk aversion." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.39.
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39 Background: The rate of women undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) has increased significantly over the past decade. Large population studies have examined factors associated with the use of CPM. We studied the factors associated with CPM within our institution. Methods: A 30-question validated survey was mailed to all patients who underwent mastectomy from 1972 to 2011 and are currently receiving treatment or surveillance at our institution. Responses were analyzed to determine the factors predictive of CPM. Multivariate logistic regression methods were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for possible associations between exposures (including age at surgery, marital status, education, race, family history of breast cancer, and BRCA genetic mutation (BRCA mutation) and likelihood of CPM. Results: 368 of 691 surveys were returned. Younger age was statistically significantly associated with increased likelihood of CPM (p-trend < 0.001). Caucasian patients were 4 times as likely to undergo CPM compared to non-Caucasian patients (OR 3.95, 95%CI=1.89-8.23). Patients with a family history of breast cancer were 3 times as likely to undergo CPM as compared with those with no family history (OR 3.38, 95%CI=1.4-8.16). Married patients were also 3 times as likely to undergo CPM compared with unmarried patients (OR 3.00, 95%CI=1.39-6.52). Reporting a BRCA mutation was highly correlated with younger age, positive family history, higher level of education and marital status. Conclusions: When faced with the decision of whether to undergo a CPM, patients must assess both objective future risks and subjective feelings about those risks. These results suggest that the decision to undergo CPM is associated with known risk factors for the development of contralateral cancer such as younger age and positive breast cancer family history. In addition, multiple demographic factors including Caucasian race and married status increased the likelihood of choosing CPM. This may relate to social support as well socioeconomic status. Further exploration into societal factors that impact CPM use is warranted.
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Choi, Sung Won, Da-jung Park, Jinseung Kim, Tae-jin Park, Jun-su Kim, Sunghun Byun, Young-seok Lee, and Jung-hoon Kim. "Association between Obesity and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Korean Adolescents Based on the 2013 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey." Korean Journal of Family Medicine 37, no. 1 (2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.1.64.
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Smith, Samuel G., Robbie Foy, Jennifer A. McGowan, Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Andrea DeCensi, Karen Brown, Lucy Side, and Jack Cuzick. "Prescribing tamoxifen in primary care for the prevention of breast cancer: a national online survey of GPs’ attitudes." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 659 (February 13, 2017): e414-e427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x689377.
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BackgroundThe cancer strategy for England (2015–2020) recommends GPs prescribe tamoxifen for breast cancer primary prevention among women at increased risk.AimTo investigate GPs’ attitudes towards prescribing tamoxifen.Design and settingIn an online survey, GPs in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales (n = 928) were randomised using a 2 × 2 between-subjects design to read one of four vignettes describing a healthy patient seeking a tamoxifen prescription.MethodIn the vignette, the hypothetical patient’s breast cancer risk (moderate versus high) and the clinician initiating the prescription (GP prescriber versus secondary care clinician [SCC] prescriber) were manipulated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Outcomes were willingness to prescribe, comfort discussing harms and benefits, comfort managing the patient, factors affecting the prescribing decision, and awareness of tamoxifen and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline CG164.ResultsHalf (51.7%) of the GPs knew tamoxifen can reduce breast cancer risk, and one-quarter (24.1%) were aware of NICE guideline CG164. Responders asked to initiate prescribing (GP prescriber) were less willing to prescribe tamoxifen than those continuing a prescription initiated in secondary care (SCC prescriber) (68.9% versus 84.6%, P<0.001). The GP prescribers reported less comfort discussing tamoxifen (53.4% versus 62.5%, P = 0.01). GPs willing to prescribe were more likely to be aware of the NICE guideline (P = 0.039) and to have acknowledged the benefits of tamoxifen (P<0.001), and were less likely to have considered its off-licence status (P<0.001).ConclusionInitiating tamoxifen prescriptions for preventive therapy in secondary care before asking GPs to continue the patient’s care may overcome some prescribing barriers.
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Masoud, Sara, Ashlie A. Glassner, Mayra Mendoza, Shanae Rhodes, and Carole L. White. "“A Different Way to Survive”: The Experiences of Family Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Family Nursing 28, no. 3 (July 8, 2022): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10748407221111079.
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Family caregivers of persons living with dementia often experience challenges to their health and quality of life related to their caregiving role. The COVID-19 pandemic added substantially to the responsibilities of family caregivers, potentially putting them at greater risk of poor health outcomes and impeded quality of life. To better understand the impact of the pandemic on the experiences of family caregivers, a multimethods study was conducted. Family caregivers of persons living with dementia were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey and a subset of survey respondents were invited to participate in focus groups for added insight. A total of 161 caregivers responded to the survey and 30 participated in the focus groups. Qualitative data from focus groups were used to elucidate deeper insight into quantitative findings from the survey. Findings reflect that the pandemic affected family caregiver health and wellness, access of care and resources, identity, and resilience.
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Elsayed, Walaa. "Students and the Risk of Virtual Relationships in Social Media: Improving Learning Environments." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 21 (November 16, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i21.15063.
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This study aimed to analyze the risks of social virtual relationships in social media on students. The study's sample consisted of 200 students from the Ajman University (UAE). The study used a questionnaire survey to identify the risks of virtual relationships. The finding was a moderate risk of virtual communication in social media affecting youth. The study offered recommendations to reduce the virtual communication risk through the cumulative effort of family and university, leisure-time activities, and awareness-rising classes.
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Liao, Jung-Yu, Chiu-Mieh Huang, Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Hsiao-Pei Hsu, Chiu-Ching Chang, Che-Jen Chuang, and Jong-Long Guo. "Risk and protective factors for adolescents’ illicit drug use: A population-based study." Health Education Journal 77, no. 7 (April 4, 2018): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918763462.
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Objective: The use of illicit drugs by adolescents is a widespread problem in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to identify risk and protective factors. Design: Web-based survey of high school students. Setting: Senior high schools and vocational high schools in northern Taiwan. Method: Survey data were collected from 15,754 students. Logistic regression analysis examined potential risk and protective factors in individual, family and peer/school domains for lifetime, past-year and past-month illicit drug use and the single and/or multiple use of ketamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and marijuana. Results: The prevalence rates of illicit drug use varied from 1.18% to 2.19% by frequency and type of illicit drug use. Perceived availability of illicit drugs, betel nut chewing, drug use by a family member, peer drug use, missing classes and type of school were significant risk factors in lifetime, past-year and past-month use. Sensation seeking, family member and peer drug use were common factors in ketamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and marijuana use. Drug use by a family member increased the risk of multiple drug use. Smoking was a risk factor for ketamine use. Drug-related knowledge was a protective factor. Conclusions: These findings support the idea that there exist multilevel risk and protective factors for drug use, especially in the family and peer/school domains. School-based interventions should be designed to integrate different levels of risk and protective factors.
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Molokhia, Mariam, Grace N. Okoli, Patrick Redmond, Elham Asgari, Catriona Shaw, Peter Schofield, Mark Ashworth, Stevo Durbaba, and Dorothea Nitsch. "Uncoded chronic kidney disease in primary care: a cross-sectional study of inequalities and cardiovascular disease risk management." British Journal of General Practice 70, no. 700 (October 19, 2020): e785-e792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x713105.
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BackgroundUncoded chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poorer quality of care.AimTo ascertain the proportion and determinants of CKD, which have not been formally recorded (Read coded), and identify differences in management and quality-of-care measures for patients with coded and uncoded CKD.Design and settingCross-sectional survey undertaken in an ethnically diverse adult population using primary care electronic health records (EHRs) from GP clinics in Lambeth, South London, UK.MethodMultivariable logistic regression analysis examined the association of demographic factors, selected comorbidities, deprivation, and cardiovascular disease risk management in CKD, with coding status as outcome.ResultsIn total, the survey involved 286 162 adults, of whom 9325 (3.3%) were identified with CKD stage 3–5 (assigned as CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] values). Of those identified with CKD, 4239 (45.5%) were Read coded, and 5086 (54.5%) were uncoded. Of those identified with CKD stage 3–5, individuals aged ≥50 years were more likely to be coded for CKD, compared with those aged <50 years. Lower levels of coding were independently associated with deprivation and black Caribbean, black African, South Asian, and non-stated ethnicities, compared with white ethnicity. Prescribed statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker medications were associated with increased odds of coded CKD.ConclusionThis study found that >50% of CKD was uncoded and, for those patients, quality of care was lower compared with those with coded CKD. Future research and practices should focus on areas of greater deprivation and targeted initiatives for those aged <50 years and of black African, black Caribbean, South Asian, or non-stated ethnic groups. Possible areas for improvement include diagnostic coding support, automated CKD recording, and clinical decision support (based on adjusted eGFR results) in the GP clinical records.
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Liu, Yingxu, Shu Zhang, Yasutake Tomata, Dieta Nurrika, Yumi Sugawara, and Ichiro Tsuji. "The impact of risk factors for dementia in China." Age and Ageing 49, no. 5 (April 21, 2020): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa048.
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Abstract Brief summary We evaluated the impact of seven risk factors for dementia in China. Physical inactivity, midlife hypertension and low education are proposed to be the largest fraction contributors to dementia. 55% of dementia were attributable to one or more of the seven risk factors. Background Previous studies have highlighted the impact of seven risk factors (midlife obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, low education, diabetes mellitus, midlife hypertension and depression) against dementia. However, the impact of these risk factors on dementia has not been evaluated among the Chinese population. Objective To clarify the impact of seven major risk factors on the incidence of dementia in China. Design The prevalence of risk factors was derived from the latest national surveys. Relative risks of corresponding risk factors were derived from the latest cohort or cross-sectional studies. Setting and subjects Three national surveys were included in the present study to obtain prevalence data of seven risk factors: the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (CCDRFSS) (2013), which covered about 170,000 adults (aged ≥18 years) from 31 provinces; (2) China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease (CNSCKD) (2010), which covered about 50,000 adults (aged ≥18 years) from 13 provinces; and (3) China Family Panel Studies Survey (CFPSS) (2012), which covered about 30,000 adults (aged ≥18 years) from 25 provinces. Methods Levin’s formula was used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for each risk factor for dementia. The combined PAF of the seven risk factors was calculated assuming the independence of each risk factor. Results Physical inactivity (PAF, 24.3%), midlife hypertension (PAF, 22.1%) and low education (PAF: 11.9%) were the top three factors that contributed to dementia. The total PAF of the seven risk factors was 55% in the Chinese population. Conclusions promotion of physical activity, control of hypertension and improvement of nationwide educational level may be helpful public health strategies to decrease the incidence of dementia in China.