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Alariefy, Mashael Suliman. "Exploring the impact of having a child with a disability in Saudi Arabia : implications for family support services." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14773.
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This study explores the impact of having a child with a disability in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on the challenges involved and the implications for the development of relevant family support services. A qualitative approach was employed for the study, using individual interviews and focus groups, with a total of 42 parents, both fathers and mothers. A total of twenty individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, in Jeddah, its second largest city and in two rural areas. Three focus groups were also held in each city, two of which comprised four mothers and the third three fathers. Data analysis suggests that having a child with disability often profoundly affects the perceptions of parents about disability, their feelings, and their way of life. In addition, many face particular challenges in relation to education, health care, regulations and the community. Finally, the study highlights that the current provision of services for people with disability and their families in Saudi Arabia is modest and that many parents lack awareness about the existing as well as potential services. Overall, the views of parents reflect the medical model of disability, which is also reflected in the position of Saudi Arabia as a whole, as illustrated by official policies. Religion and culture were found to be instrumental in shaping such attitudes and should therefore be factored into the design of related services. The study outcomes suggest that the development of a more inclusive approach for these children will require the perceptions of disability to change among parents and the wider society. Education on disability with regards to religious and cultural issues, supplemented by the provision of appropriate services through family support services centres, can enable the development of awareness and knowledge to better meet the rights and needs of children with disability and their families.
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Bouges, Farid Fouad. "Internationalization of Family Businesses in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3603933.
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Family businesses represent a key economical asset in the global economy. Leaders of family businesses have implemented internationalization as a key strategy to enhance sustainability and increase profitability in a hypercompetitive global marketplace. Guided by the Uppsala model, the purpose of this case study was to explore how Saudi family business leaders have planned and implemented internationalization. Three leaders from different international Saudi family businesses participated in semistructured interviews. The participants described their experience in achieving successful internationalization for their family businesses. After analyzing the interview data and validating through member checking, 3 main themes emerged: (a) the characteristics of the family business to compete internationally, (b) the characteristics of a suitable international market for family businesses to internationalize, and (c) the characteristics of a successful internationalization opportunity for a Saudi family business. In order to internationalize, Saudi family business leaders identified having a proper strategy, financial capability, qualified resources, well-structured policies, and globally-standardized products or services. Family business leaders should target the international market that is stable, that is secure with regulations, and that is welcoming to foreign investments. Each internationalization opportunity should have close psychic distance, available relationships in the international market, targeted family business motives, demonstrated existing market demand with the ability to satisfy, and proper timing. The findings may promote social change in Saudi family businesses by identifying essential characteristics to maintain the companies' existence and offer a roadmap to compete internationally.
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Bouges, Farid Fouad. "Internationalization of Family Businesses in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1101.
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Family businesses represent a key economical asset in the global economy. Leaders of family businesses have implemented internationalization as a key strategy to enhance sustainability and increase profitability in a hypercompetitive global marketplace. Guided by the Uppsala model, the purpose of this case study was to explore how Saudi family business leaders have planned and implemented internationalization. Three leaders from different international Saudi family businesses participated in semistructured interviews. The participants described their experience in achieving successful internationalization for their family businesses. After analyzing the interview data and validating through member checking, 3 main themes emerged: (a) the characteristics of the family business to compete internationally, (b) the characteristics of a suitable international market for family businesses to internationalize, and (c) the characteristics of a successful internationalization opportunity for a Saudi family business. In order to internationalize, Saudi family business leaders identified having a proper strategy, financial capability, qualified resources, well-structured policies, and globally-standardized products or services. Family business leaders should target the international market that is stable, that is secure with regulations, and that is welcoming to foreign investments. Each internationalization opportunity should have close psychic distance, available relationships in the international market, targeted family business motives, demonstrated existing market demand with the ability to satisfy, and proper timing. The findings may promote social change in Saudi family businesses by identifying essential characteristics to maintain the companies' existence and offer a roadmap to compete internationally.
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Mahmoud, Wessam Hussein Abdulghani. "Strategies for Cloud Services Adoption in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7166.
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The adoption rate of cloud computing is low among business organizations in Saudi Arabia, despite the cost-saving benefits of using cloud services. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that information technology (IT) leaders in the manufacturing industry in Saudi Arabia used to adopt cloud computing to reduce IT costs. The target population of this study consisted of 5 IT leaders from 5 different manufacturing companies in Saudi Arabia who successfully adopted cloud computing in their companies to reduce IT costs. Rogers's diffusion of innovation theory was the conceptual framework for this research. Data collected from face-to-face, semistructured interviews and a review of relevant corporate documentation were analyzed using Yin's 5-step data analysis method, which included compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding the data. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: identify business needs and requirements, apply value realization metrics, plan for migration, choose the right cloud service provider, and provide adequate training and awareness sessions. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to improve the local economy in Saudi Arabia by ensuring the sustainability of firms in the manufacturing industry through the implementation of cost-saving strategies associated with cloud computing adoption.
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Alwafi, Abdulrazzak R. "Exploring strategic planning of family firms in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2631.
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Researchers have called for the studying of strategic planning of family firms, especially in countries such as Saudi Arabia to cater for cultural differences. So far, it is not known how family firms formulate or practice their strategic planning. This research aimed to investigate and evaluate the extent and nature of the strategic planning processes in a sample of family firms in Saudi Arabia. Data from six family firms was collected by semi-structured in-depth interviews using open ended questions. The study employed convenience sampling. A total of 16 interviews were made to collect the data and confirm understanding. Secondary data from company documentation and websites were also utilized. Collected data was analysed (qualitatively) to produce observations on family firms‘ strategic planning process. A pilot study was used to confirm suitability of the methodology and data analysis. The idea for this research came from an actual need of the researcher and many of his friends. The study has many practical implications on family firms both locally and internationally. Therefore, it is hoped that family firms can increase their chances of success and continuation to the following generations. The study found that the businesses tended not to have systematic processes and that analysis was typically unsophisticated and often ignored, while implementation in the sense of resource allocation, setting of sales targets, monitoring of performance, and providing incentives was often approached more systematically. Some interesting strategic patterns across firms were identified such as "Sales is king", "Let‘s do it" and "Just grow". Despite geographical and sample limitations, this study has opened many avenues for further research into the strategy process in family business, both in Saudi Arabia and in other countries and cultures. Therefore, this study contributed by illuminating an under researched part of the world and by addressing a practical problem and knowledge gap.
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Al-Ghamdi, Mohammed Said. "Socio-economic change : family and fertility in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240953.
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Aldeham, Khalid. "Needs Assessment of Users of Psychiatric Services in Saudi Arabia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1904.
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Background: the aims of this study were to assess the outpatients needs among 155 patients at Al-Amal Complex for Mental Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and identifying the demographic variables that are associated with these needs. Method: the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS) was used to assess the needs and the demographic questionnaire was used to identify the patient’s demographic variables includes gender, age, income and level of education. Results: patient who meets any one of these criteria; being elderly, poor, and the uneducated are more likely to have higher total number of needs. Men and women are more likely to report similar met needs, but women are more likely expressed more unmet needs.
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Salmon, Sami Taisir. "Strategic Planning for Family Business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4372.
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In this dissertation, the strategic planning process in a family owned firm of Saudi Arabia will be discussed. The main aim is to develop a comprehensive model of strategic planning, specific and customized to the family businesses of Saudi Arabia. The model will encompass all the factors that are unique to the Saudi Arabian family businesses, such as the family culture of Saudi business families, the interfamily dynamics that shape the strategic approach of the family and the unique market conditions or the external environment that influences the strategic planning process of family owned firms in Saudi Arabia. The literature review extensively covers the topic of strategic planning, family business dynamics and major salient features of family business described by various authors. The literature review also discusses the models of family business that define the interaction of various elements in family owned firms, their drawbacks and the gaps in applicability of these documented models to family businesses in general and specificallyt o Saudi Arabian family businessesT. he literaturer eview revealst hat there is no comprehensivem odel of strategicp lanning processf or the family owned firms that highlight all the critical factors that shape the strategic planning process and also documents uccessfufli rms that haveb enefitedf rom thesem odels. Based on an extensive survey of the family owned firms of Saudi Arabia and statistical analysis of various unique features of such firms, the most critical factors that play a major role in strategy formulation could be isolated. These critical factors helped in designing the strategic planning model for the family owned firms of Saudi Arabia. The model was practically implemented and validated in 10 family businesses of the kingdom and results confirm the applicability of this model. The model formulation and validation in the family firms of Saudi Arabia, forms the main focus of this dissertation.
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Al-Shudukhi, Hind Nassir. "Marketing of bank services to the Saudi consumer." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2185.
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Services marketing is a relatively new concept for the banking industry. Intense competition has forced banks to take greater interest in consumer banking. The focus of consumer banking is the provision of retail bank services which meet individual customers needs. Therefore, bankers need better ways to explore and understand the consumers market and needs. Banks need to understand the attitudes which affect consumers evaluation of bank services. This thesis is concerned with assessing the attitudes and marketing practices of Saudi banks and the consumers attitude towards these banks. A conflict exists between the two parties. Interest is prohibited by Islamic law, however, commercial banks operate on the basis of interest. The views of the bankers and consumers were analysed through questionnaires administered in Jeddah in the summer of 1988. Issues raised include attitude, concept, and marketing approach, usage of and satisfaction with bank services, attitude towards banks and bank interest as well as views on Islamic banking. While it is shown bankers grasp the concept and practise of marketing, consumers show reluctance and strong negative attitudes to dealing with banks due to the religious factor. It seems Islamic banking is an attractive alternative banking system for Saudi Arabia.
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Abu-Rasain, Mohammed Hassan M. "Loneliness and peer counselling : an exploratory study in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3872.
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The first aim of the research was to determine the extent of loneliness among Saudi adolescents and its relationship to psychological and demographic factors. The phenomenon was assessed by means of quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the "meanings" of loneliness. Results indicated a high level of loneliness amongst adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Those with high level of loneliness were found to have fewer friends and scored statistically significantly higher on other psychological measures, particularly depression and anxiety,and lower on self-esteem. An implication of this finding was the need to provide adolescents with a support programme to meet their needs at this critical stage of their development.The argument throughout this study was that the existent counselling/pastoral provision was inadequate to provide adolescents in secondary school with appropriate psychological and personal support.The second aim of the study was to test the applicability of a peer counselling/support programme to prevent loneliness among young people. Implementation of this programme was carried out with comprehensive evaluation, which focused on the peer counsellors and the populations they served. Findings were encouraging in relation to both parties.Those young people who participated as peer helpers reported gains in personal development and said that their participation had benefitted their general lives; clients also reported high satisfaction with the service. Students reported high levels on two areas of social support as measured by Social Provisions Scale, namely guidance and reliable alliance, although a reduction on level of loneliness was not achieved. Additionally, formal record of the school counsellors showed less behavioural and educational problems within the school.Recommendations were made for the introduction of peer counselling programmes in Saudi school system.
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Alghamdi, Mohammed Saied Makni. "Family business corporate performance and capital structure : evidence from Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13601.
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Agency costs, ownership concentration, firm performance, and capital structure are four constructs that have been extensively examined in finance literature. The effect of agency costs and ownership concentration on firm performance and capital structure, however, has been under-researched despite the formulation of theoretical propositions regarding the relationship between these constructs. The Saudi Arabian economy is characterized by a large number of family-owned businesses. However, few studies have investigated family firms in the context of capital market research. Nevertheless, in a study of the top 300 manufacturing and top 50 merchandising and other companies based on the 1965 Fortune 500 list (Burch, 1972) , it was found that more than 47% of these publicly firms in the US were controlled by families. This research addresses the following questions: Is there any significant difference in agency costs between family firms and non-family firms? Do family-owned firms perform better? Does concentration of ownership affect firm performance? In addition, the research addresses the determinants of capital structure: Is there a difference in capital structure between family and non-family firms? The main objectives of this research attempt to fill a research gap in the relationship between separation of ownership and control, as well as the relationship among ownership concentration, firm performance, and determinants of capital structure in one of the emerging markets, Saudi Arabia. This offers an ideal opportunity to examine the determinants of capital structure in an environment free of taxation when comparing family and non-family firms. Saudi Arabia, in particular, has not been the focus of any such study, especially regarding agency costs in family-controlled firms. The present study, therefore, will provide new insights which will contribute to greater understanding of the concept of agency costs. Chapter five of this study will examine the relationship between board mechanisms (board size, family member as a (CEO family) and CEO/Chair non-duality), ownership concentration, managerial ownership, agency costs, and firm performance (ROA, Tobin’s Q, and stock market return). The results of this study reveal that board mechanisms, managerial ownership, and agency costs affect firm performance, while ownership concentration has no affect on firm performance. In chapter six, “Determinants of Capital Structure”, the study identifies a significant difference between the capital choices of family and non-family Saudi firms. Overall, there is a difference between family and non-family firms’ performance and determinants of capital structure. This study was implemented through a quantitative approach. Secondary data obtained from published annual financial report data and the DataStream database were analysed to test the impact of agency costs and family ownership on firm performance and the determinants of capital structure. To ensure confidence in these estimates, this thesis uses two-stage least squares (2SLS) to answer the research questions and to address the issues of endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The focus of the investigation was firms listed on the Saudi Stock Market Exchange (SSE). The dataset is a panel of all firms on the SSE from 2006-2013, excluding financial firms. This study is important because the problem of agency costs has not previously been studied in the Saudi context, so this study will contribute to understanding agency theory in family businesses. It will have a practical benefit for firms, addressing government problems, and the stock exchange in Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Eissa, Abdulaziz Ibraheim. "Non-Audit Services and Auditor Independence : the Case of Saudi Arabia." full-text, 2009. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2008/1/Abdulazia.pdf.
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The nature of the client-auditor relationship is a critical issue for stakeholders and other users of the audited financial statements. This type of relationship is predicated on trust; however, it is susceptible to differing motives, conflict of interest, and information asymmetries. An external auditor’s independence is crucial to users of audited financial statements. A number of factors may impact the independence of the external auditor. This study investigates stakeholders’ perceptions of NAS on auditor independence in Saudi Arabia, where NAS is banned except tax and zakat service. This study adopted the framework developed by the Independence Standard Board (ISB) Statement of Independence Concepts: A Conceptual Framework for Auditor Independence, which identified five types of threats, four of which occurs when auditors provides NAS for their audit clients. A mail questionnaire method was used to collect the data. Participants were divided into six groups: major audit firms; minor audit firms; loan officers; financial analysts; financial directors; and academics. Non-parametric statistical tests were used in this study, including the Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Mann-Whitney Test, to draw inferential conclusions regarding the data collected. Findings show that participant categories differ in their views on legalising NAS for Saudi auditor clients. While minor audit firms, financial directors, and academics supported the joint provision of audit and NAS, the other three categories did not. This result was supported by the second hypothesis, where the minor audit firms viewed that auditor independence with NAS can be maintained. In addition, all participant categories agreed that the joint provision enhances audit quality. Furthermore, participant categories were divided about the effectiveness of the total ban of NAS. However, all groups agreed that certain procedures can be undertaken to enhance auditor independence. These procedures are: separation of personnel; disclosure of fees; and limiting recruiting services. The familiarity threat was selected by the academic group as the greatest risk to auditor independence while the self-interest threat was selected by the other five categories. Conclusions of this study are that NAS could be extended in Saudi Arabia, with the exception of NAS with proven risk to auditor independence. The nature of the NAS relationship should be clear and pre-approved by the client, and NAS fees published. Further, audit firm personnel undertaking NAS must be separated from the firm’s auditors at all times during the procedures.
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Al-Ahmadi, Abdullah Hamud Saad. "The geography of health services : case study of Medina, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6008.
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This study examines health services in Medina in relation to the delivery system, the spatial distribution of health services, accessibility and effectiveness of utilization, including satisfaction with the services. A total of 500 patient questionnaires and 31 face-to-face interviews with key decision makers were used in addressing the research questions. Despite many positive aspects to the health services in Medina, such as the ratios of physicians and beds/population compared to the whole Kingdom's average, there are some problems that need to be overcome. The provision of primary health care centres (PHCCs) is very far from the health ministry target, which is one PHCC to serve 5,000 to 10,000 people and they are unevenly distributed. The capacity of state hospitals is almost full, and needs to be expanded by building another general hospital in the east part of Medina to help remedy the current balance in spatial distribution. The lack of a clear spatial distribution policy for Medina's health services is evident in the concentration of general hospitals on one side of the city. Most private hospitals and clinics (doctors) and groups of clinics are concentrated south and south west of the city centre, in a circle of about two kilometres in diameter. Demographic and socio-economic factors appear to be influential in explaining differences in utilization, access, and preference between types of health services (private/state/traditional healers). Accessibility issues had little effect in making health care users switch to private hospitals. It seems that perceptions of accessibility were influenced by the widespread ownership and use of cars. It appears that consumers' satisfaction with accessibility and quality was higher for private health services than state ones in the study area. However public and private provisions are intercalated in complex ways. Overall, the study shows that, given Saudi's expanding population and growing wealth, there is growing demand for new health facilities and access is stile a major planning issue, although it needs to be reconceptualization in the light of car ownership. New agendas are set for service planning, and for medical geography in the Saudi Arabia.
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Basager, Mohammed Ahmed. "Evaluation of electronic information services in academic libraries in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7530.
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This study aims to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the information technology services in academic libraries in Saudi Arabia and to propose ways in which these services could be developed. The methodology applies theoretical models, questionnaires and structured interviews. Two models were developed to investigate the behaviour of academic staff and students, the first representing users' cognitive attitudes and the degree of user-satisfaction with the services provided. The second model examines interactions between the university administration, computer centres and libraries. Questionnaires and interviews have been used to generate empirical findings. The main findings concentrate on the following issues. Most respondents had used computers either on or off campus. Use of computers at the selected universities was found to vary significantly. Respondents from science faculties were found to use technology more than other users. IT systems, network infrastructure and the availability of qualified staff were, to varying degrees, found to be a constant source of concern and a hindrance to the provision of effective services. There was no consistent pattern of use and there was frequently a failure to provide any service at all. The only means for academic staff and users to gain access to the Internet was through departmental provision as, at the time of this research, this was not available in the libraries. A lack of funding, qualified staff, programmers and connections to the computer networks are regarded as major reasons for not providing efficient electronic services to users. The main recommendations of this study are that coordination and co-operation between libraries, making full use of technology, should be established. Universities should lobby the Finance Ministry to argue for a change in the regulations to allow libraries to generate their own revenue in order to enhance existing services. University administrations, computer centres and academic departments should establish formal procedures to provide effective electronic services to users. The present provision of training facilities for both staff and students needs to be extensively reviewed and enhanced.
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Bernardi, Chiara L. "Digital media and women's issues in Egypt and Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73262/.
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This thesis investigates how digital media participate in and contribute to the emergence and discussion of women’s issues in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, in complex intersections of online and offline activity. Specific focus is placed on digital media’s intrinsic complexity and agency, and their interplay with socio-political, economic, legal, and cultural practices. I will specifically ask questions such as, how does an issue work through technological forms of development, and how is it techno-socio-political? How do digital media enrich, reshape, and co-constitute women’s issues in Egypt and Saudi Arabia? In answering these questions, I explore how certain women’s issues are formed, emerge, and become central in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. These explorations involve a reflection on the computational turn of current cultural and social practices2 and the significance of algorithms and software in the making of our socio-cultural realities. They also necessitate an understanding of the countries’ locales, accounts of women’s movements, struggles, and discourses that, inevitably, involve Islamic Tradition. Asking such questions also means exploring how online activities enrich current discourses of women and gender studies in a Middle Eastern context. The resulting work sits In between a number of disciplines and approaches and calls for a bespoke conceptual and methodological approach, built on a combination of methodologies, including close reading of history and literature on the topic, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of digital content through digital media tools. For this purpose I have employed software such as Gephi, Netvizz, and MOZ SERP. Moving beyond an understanding of media as a tool and construing them as constitutive parts of an entangled network made of heterogeneous actants, I introduce the concept of a multi-layered and networked map. This concept is a mode of investigation and a tool of analysis that seeks to understand and discuss the diverse and continuous transformations of certain women’s issues in these two countries as they emerge and evolve online. The visualisations of the quantitative part of my analysis are published on the website that I have created, available at http://www.oxycoms.com/clb. This thesis tries to find a location at the intersection of digital media, gender studies, and studies of the Middle East. At times, specific problematic aspects of each field are at odds with each other, and I attend to the ways in which they touch and contradict each other. Through the concept of the multi-layered and networked map I will trace and follow the intersection of theoretical thoughts, accounts of women’s activities and movements, online activities, and findings of the new methodologies and tools of online social networking analysis. I will discuss how they combine and coalesce, bringing to life what I address as technowomen. I hope to contribute to the current theoretical and methodological discussions in digital media, media, and cultural studies, to discussions in women and gender studies on the digitised reality of movements and activities.
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Al-Ajlan, Ahmad Abduallah. "The social work role in the secondary schools in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5001.
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The overall aim of this research is to contribute to cross-cultural knowledge and skills on the development and practice of social work in schools, by identifying and comparing the actual and ideal roles of school social workers in Saudi Arabia, ascertaining the major problems facing the social workers and learning their views regarding improvement of the counselling service in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia.The target populations of this study were third year public secondary school students, social workers in public secondary schools and officials. In order to gather data from the three groups, questionnaires and interview schedules, were used. The validity and reliability of the instruments were tested and piloted.Social workers, officials and students ranked twenty-six possible roles of the school social worker on a Likert scale for both actual and ideal practice. The results of the two-tailed paired T-tests conducted to analyse the actual versus ideal functions of the social workers in Saudi Arabian secondary schools, as perceived by social workers themselves, and by students, indicated that there were significant differences at the .005 level for all except two items, though the non-significant items differed between the two groups. The result of the two-tailed paired 1-tests conducted to analyse the actual and ideal functions, as perceived by the officials showed statistically significant difference for all but four items. Thus, the data revealed many significant differences in perceptions of the actual and ideal functions of the social workers in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. In general, social workers, students and officials thought that, ideally, social workers should do more work in relation to almost every function of the social worker's role.The interviews with social workers revealed some factors, which they thought constrain their role as social workers in the secondary schools. The main factors were burden of other tasks unrelated to their job, such as clerical work, interference in their work from head teachers and sometimes from teachers, and lack of trust. Therefore, problems faced them in performance of their role with teachers, school administrators, education supervisors, parents, and students. Furthermore, social workers complained that students do not seek help from them, even if they are in need of it.
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ALYAMANI, HANADI. "Targeted Areas of School Improvement in Saudi Arabia." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1481327990973813.
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Al-Rajraji, Kholoud. "Family socioeconomic status and students' attainments in secondary education in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526819.
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Al-umaran, Saleh. "Culture dimensions of information systems security in Saudi Arabia national health services." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11393.
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The study of organisations’ information security cultures has attracted scholars as well as healthcare services industry to research the topic and find appropriate tools and approaches to develop a positive culture. The vast majority of studies in Saudi national health services are on the use of technology to protect and secure health services information. On the other hand, there is a lack of research on the role and impact of an organisation’s cultural dimensions on information security. This research investigated and analysed the role and impact of cultural dimensions on information security in Saudi Arabia health service. Hypotheses were tested and two surveys were carried out in order to collect data and information from three major hospitals in Saudi Arabia (SA). The first survey identified the main cultural-dimension problems in SA health services and developed an initial information security culture framework model. The second survey evaluated and tested the developed framework model to test its usefulness, reliability and applicability. The model is based on human behaviour theory, where the individual’s attitude is the key element of the individual’s intention to behave as well as of his or her actual behaviour. The research identified a set of cultural and sub-cultural dimensions in SA health information security and services.
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Al-Muzaini, Ahmed Saleh. "Investigation of the development of palliative care services for cancer patients in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250753.
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Saleh, Doha Mahmoud Ismail. "The utilisation of ambulatory health care services in Saudi Arabia : a quantitative analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1862/.
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The thesis aims to investigate whether need is the major determinant of ambulatory health care utilisation for Saudi nationals in Saudi Arabia. This is done by applying multivariate analysis on the utilisation of both curative and preventive services on the data provided by the 1996 Saudi Arabia Family Health Survey. The analysis is applied within the framework of Andersen's sociobehavioural model, categorizing the factors that affect health services utilisation into predisposing, enabling and need factors. It can be concluded from the results that although need seems to be an important determinant of ambulatory health care utilisation, some of the predisposing and enabling factors were also found to affect health services utilisation, although the degree of their effect differs according to the health condition and type of services tested for. Need is dominant with regards to the utilisation of health services in response to children's diarrhoea, infants' full immunisation and attending at least one prenatal care session. But since some of the predisposing and enabling factors were found to affect health services utilisation, this highlights the importance of addressing the factors that were found to impede the utilisation at the health care system level as well as at the society level in order to achieve a more equitable health care system.
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Bargawi, Amina Adam. "Identification of quality attributes for primary health care services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43079.
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In this study, the researcher attempts to identify special quality attributes in primary health care services in Saudi Arabia. Knowledge about these attributes will help in improving the quality of primary care services and enhance consumers' and providers' satisfaction. In addition, this study is trying to bridge the quality perception gap between PHC providers and consumers. A descriptive survey design (questionnaire) was used as the research methodology. The researcher developed the questionnaire after extensive revision of related literatures, its validity and reliability was carefully addressed. The study was conducted at the selected 18 Ministry of Health PHC centres at Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Random stratified sampling process were used to select the PHC consumers while, available sampling was used to select the PHC providers. The data is analyzed by using the (SPSS) program. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, t -test and ANOVA were used. The result of the study indicated that PHC providers and consumers in Saudi Arabia perceived the four aspects of quality (structure, technical process, interpersonal process and outcomes) as very important, and they gave the structure aspect the higher importance rate among the others. The three most important PHC attributes are tangible, preventive services and staffing, whereas the least important attribute is the community participation. While a vaccination service is judged by both PHC providers and consumers as "Excellent" services, the Dental clinic, Community participation, Environmental health and Radiology service were judge as "Good" services. The general level of the quality of the PHC services was scored around 70%. "Deficiencies of medical equipments and materials" was the most frequent criteria against which the PHC providers judge the existence of poor quality, whereas, "provider show no courtesy and bad manner when dealing with the consumers" the most frequent criteria against which the PHC consumers judge the poor quality of PHC services. The implications of the findings were discussed, and recommendations were given to rectify certain problems.
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Al, Qatari Ghazi M. "An evaluation study of the quality of primary health care in Qateef, Eastern Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338460.
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Alssbaiheen, Anan. "Mobile challenges and opportunities for e-government in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13711.
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This thesis analysed the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of mobile government services in Saudi Arabia using a mixed method approach combining surveys and semi-structured interviews with Saudi citizens and employees of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Three studies were conducted for the purpose of achieving the aims and objectives of the thesis. The first study shows that the high level of mobile penetration in the country suggests that there is already a demand of a greater range of m-government services despite the fact that still a large proportion of the Saudi population who do not have access to mobile technologies. Nevertheless, the results suggest that there is still a strong desire among users for the provision of mobile government services and the majority of respondents were willing to use such services and understand the benefits of using m-government. This thesis also shows a strong consensus among both government employees and citizens that m-government implementation would contribute to the technological development of the country. The findings of the second study suggest that the high level of mobile penetration offers an opportunity for the Saudi government to offer mobile government services. However, a number of barriers to mobile government exist, including poor quality and speed of internet, lack of customisation of services and data security and privacy issues as well as infrastructural challenges and bureaucratic attitude of the government departments. The third study focussed on the practicality of a mobile phone application, and for this purpose a mobile application for utility bills was developed and evaluated in terms of its usability, reliability and validity of the service. The thesis revealed that the majority of respondents were satisfied with the service usage, as application was easy to use without complications. However, participants were not comfortable to leave their details pertaining to credit card or any personal information. Misuse of information was major threat to participants, which further added reluctance to usage of the application. Respondents were willing to provide financial details if the service was authorised by government agencies. By exploring the opportunities of, and challenges facing m-government in Saudi Arabia, this thesis contributes to the m-government literature on developing countries in particular. This thesis offers important lessons for the m-government policy makers in Saudi Arabia and around the developing world.
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Khateeb, Salwa Abdul Hameed Al. "Female employment and family commitment in Saudi Arabia : a case study of Riyadh City." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349475/.
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This study argues that ideological rather than material constraints are the major obstacles that limit full female participation in the Saudi Arabian labour force and hinder Saudi working women from combining their double roles as mothers and paid workers. As a developing country, Saudi Arabia is facing multiple problems. One of these challenges is the great shortage of human resources. In 1984/85, 59.8 per cent of the labour force in Saudi society was foreign. Female participation in waged employment is very low with only 5.1 per cent of women of working age participating in the labour force. This ethnography focuses especially on working mothers in Riyadh and is based principally on intensive interviews with fifty women holding posts in the full range of women's occupations in Saudi Arabia. After two general ethnographic chapters which outline Saudi women's lifestyle in the pre-oil and the modern periods, this thesis considers in detail women's activities in their paid employment and domestic roles. Special attention is given to Saudi ideologies which restrict women's participation in the labour force, in particular Saudi conceptions of male and female relations. One of the main arguments is that Islam in itself is not responsible for women's limited participation in the labour force, rather it is the interpretation of Islam which is heavily affected by socio-political factors in Saudi society. Many studies of working women in Western countries concentrate on the phenomenon of the "double day" that working women face when they undertake a paid job in addition to their domestic responsibilities. According to this view, material constraints constitute the major problem of working women. Authors arguing from this view point assume that the availability of domestic replacements would solve the major problems experienced by these working women. The present thesis argues that material constraints are not the main problem of working women in Riyadh. The influx of wealth has enabled many families to employ domestic help but, nevertheless, many working women still suffer from their conflicting double roles. According to Saudi cultural beliefs, nature determines the sexual division of labour. Women are assumed to be mothers and housewives, and men are assumed to be the breadwinners of their families. The concept of a woman's "career" does not exist in Saudi society. A women's career is her home and children. There are three types of cultural and attitudinal factors that challenge Saudi working women. Firstly, there is women's conception of themselves. Women always locate themselves within the dominant culture which is greatly affected by male representations. Secondly, people's attitudes towards women's work play an important role In helping or hindering women to combine their double roles. Finally, there is the issue of husbands' support for their working wives. Because Saudi Arabia is a male-dominated society, husbands play an especially significant role in their wives' lives. They can be a great source of support and help, or they can be a source of frustration.
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Alwekaisi, Khalid. "Perception on training programs in family-owned firms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11036.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (the KSA) has a rapidly growing and diversifying economy that has made significant progress in manufacturing, construction, and agriculture. However, the KSA remains a difficult place for the practice of human resources management (HRM) because of, among other factors, a large non-native workforce and a majority of family-owned firms. These complicating factors mean that, in Saudi firms, HRM practices are adopted in a gradual manner and specifically, training programs are conducted with a view to develop talents and improve worker performance. The study explored the current state of HRM practices in KSA, perception on the training programs conducted and training effectiveness captured as ‘Intent to participate’. The study primarily used qualitative as well as quantitative data collected from family-owned business firms. It helps to gain a deeper understanding of how perceptions on training programs vary across different organisations and demography of the trainees that include age, qualification and experience. A framework predicting intent to participate by the perception on training programs was developed based on the review of extant literature. In order to capture the differences in the perception on training programs across different organisations, age, qualification and experience, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used. Results show that perception differed across organisations, age, qualification and experience. In order to predict intent to participate by perception on training programs, multiple regression analysis was used. Results show that perception on identification of training needs, clarity of objectives, training design, behavioural modification and performance improvement predict intent to participate. The researcher also explored perception on training programs in family-owned business firms by conducting an interview with 33 HR managers using a semi-structured interview schedule. The HR managers belong to those companies where the employees hail from. The schedule was developed and standardised using content validity and reliability. The study also gained insights into various areas of training required by the employees in order to achieve their business results. It further provides inputs in terms of HR concerns and suggested HR Interventions to make the management training function better aligned and integrated. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for firms on implementing management training effectively. Ultimately, the study proposes a model of training for family-owned businesses in the KSA.
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Elyas, Nada Abdullah. "Care of elderly women in Saudi Arabia : a comparison of institutional and family settings." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13574.
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In recent decades, the structure of social and economic life in Saudi Arabia has undergone enormous change, and among those most affected are the elderly. While Islam enjoins respect for and care of the elderly, economic and social factors are changing the traditional system of family-based care. This thesis investigates care of elderly women in institutional and family settings in Medina. It examines the experience of old age and the discourse surrounding it, focusing on the factors influencing care arrangements, elderly women’s perceptions of their role in the family and society, the practical, economic, social and psychological implications of care for the elderly women and their relatives, the profile of carers, the dynamics of the care relationship, problems faced and support received. Data for 20 elderly women in a care home were collected through participant observation during a three-month placement, together with semi-structured interviews with 5 residents and 31 members of staff. Data for seven elderly women in family settings were collected through semi-structured interviews with the women, their main carer(s) and domestic staff. It was found that care decisions were influenced mainly by economic status and family structure. Women in family settings underwent a gradual transition, continuing to a great extent to enact former roles, while care home residents suffered an abrupt change and reconstruction of identity as “patients” and “victims”. While both groups had subsistence and medical needs met, social and psychological needs were poorly met in the care home. Findings for both groups shed light on the roles of female carers, including a heavy reliance on migrant employees, whose motivations, working conditions and relationships with employers are explored. Implications from the findings are drawn for both ageing and migration theory, and for the support needed by elderly women and their carers in both family and care home settings.
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Al-Sobhi, Faris Hemayd A. "The roles of intermediaries in the adoption of e-government services in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6499.
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Electronic government (e-government) diffusion and adoption is a global topic that concerns many developed and developing countries worldwide. However, global efforts to provide e-services to different stakeholders (citizens) differ from one country to another in terms of readiness, challenges, adoptions and diffusions. These differences are due to the variation of technological, political, cultural, economic and social differences. A number of studies on e-government have focused on the technological, economic and political aspects of implementation, while others have examined factors that influence citizens‘ adoption of e-government services, such as availability, accessibility, usability, awareness and trust. This study will focus on the influence of intermediary roles played by third parties in helping diffusion and adoption of e-government. This study will use a qualitative research approach to reflect the roles of intermediaries on e-government realms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study will aim to address the research question, "What are the roles of an intermediary in adoption and diffusion of e-government services?" In addition, the study undertaken for this thesis will examine the most salient factors that determine adoption of e-government services in Saudi Arabia and validate the UTAUT model in the Saudi Arabian context, particularly focusing on intermediary organisations. This aspect of the study will use a quantitative approach using a survey to understand citizens‘ perspectives regarding intermediary and e-government adoption. The outcome of this study will create a conceptual model for studying e-government adoption in Saudi Arabia. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings will be discussed, offering recommendations for future research directions.
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Al, Jahdal K. H. A. "Efficiency of emergency medical services response to road traffic accidents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635686.
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Road traffic accidents are a prolonged and on-going problem of modern times. The objective of this study is to characterise the distribution of road traffic accidents with Riyadh City and provide recommendations and suggestions to improve the existing emergency medical services system. A pilot study was undertaken using two forms designed for collection of the data; one was for the Red Crescent Society (RCS) and one was for the police. The above mentioned forms were applied for a period of two weeks, one week in the wet season and the second in the dry season, plus many meetings and interviews with people with relevant responsibilities in the health field. A comprehensive review was undertaken of both the RCS and Public Safety documents. The findings suggest the need to construct safety programmes to modify the behaviour of the individual at risk, the vehicle and the environment. In addition the study provides an evaluation of the present emergency medical services system and the means to improve it. Thus the findings should be of value in determining the need to improve the system and to make more efficient and better emergency medical services available.
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Algamdi, S. J. "Older patients' satisfaction with home health care services in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40219/.
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In this study, I have presented the background of the current health services supported by the Saudi government and how these services work. Older patients’ satisfaction and home health care are discussed, ageing population as well. Also, the theory of patient-centered care which is used in the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia is presented and reviewed in this thesis. To answer the research questions, hypothesis and meet the objectives, two main methods were used for this study, employing a cross-sectional survey and subsequent qualitative interviews. It included three major aspects regarding the pertaining topic of research, i.e. ageing, patients’ satisfaction and home health care. These three areas are explored in consideration with educational level, gender and marital status of the employed participants. The Home Care Patient Satisfaction Instrument - Revised (HCCSI-R) was used. For this questionnaire, a response rate of 87% participants (n=410) was achieved. The findings of the quantitative part of this study showed that there is high contentment amongst patients about the Home Health Care (HHC) services being provided in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. This is indicated in the findings, which reveal that 99.3% of respondents would recommend the service to other older people; while a mere 0.7% of people would not. The next part of this study has presented the in-depth qualitative interviews and analyzed the results using the content analysis which revealed several overarching themes related to providers’ perceptions of home health services. These topics reflect the common experiences of the group such as the Perceptions of HHC services as providing comprehensive medical care which serves to provide the effective care, reduce the burden on hospitals for the chronically ill, minimize the period of stay for patients, reduce rates of infection, improve psychological health of patients, and maintain patient dignity. In the end, keeping in view the variabilities of customs and religious conventions, recommendations are made to enhance the quality of services. Through the discussion with service providers and leaders in the Ministry of Health, it has been proposed pre-emptive action to improve the existing home health care services along with recommendations to further strengthen these services in the latter part of this study. With these findings, this study has recommended that Patients should be treated in compliance with their respective cultural arrangement to maintain their comfort level , also do further future research in this field to discuss any changes or developments or (opposite) in the services provided to patients, considering how much has been addressing the problems relating to the consent of the patients under the complicated environment such as Al Baha region with taking account that the culture is a central issues in this thesis and it could be an issue for similar researches globally. I believe that, this study is the newest and I am the first researcher on this topic until now in the Saudi context.
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Alatawy, Khald. "Consumer search behaviour and adoption of online booking of travel services in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11391.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate current search behaviour among Saudi consumers of travel services, to establish their attitudes towards, and adoption of online search and booking processes. It also aimed to explore current experiences within travel agencies of the adoption of online booking systems in the Saudi Arabian market. The study relied on a multi-method research design, with a focus on using both qualitative and quantitative data across three sequentially organised phases of data collection. Phase one centred on in-depth interviews with Saudi travel agents; phase two adopted a combined approach, using observation and semi-structured interviews, with a focus on getting a comprehensive insight into Saudi consumer search behaviour. In phase three, the researcher undertook a survey of internet adoption and search behaviour with a cross-section of Saudi consumers, located in the UK (N=481). Findings from the first phase demonstrated that Saudi Arabian travel firms continue to rely on offline booking methods and have been relatively slow to adopt online systems. Key factors influencing the adoption of online travel booking technology included attitudinal and cultural factors and an absence of customer trust, security and privacy. The second phase results indicated that information search and evaluation emerged as a single highly integrated process, however behavioural elements within the process varied across individuals, according to their search strategy and level of prior experience. In phase three, the key relationships in the conceptual model were examined, notably the relationship between search constructs and purchase intention. Only a few past studies have examined information search and evaluation in relation to purchase in emerging markets. This study offers a more in-depth perspective on search intention and information search and evaluation in the pre-purchase stage for online travel products. Key insights have emerged on the nature of the relationship between search intention, information search and evaluation and purchase intention through the development of a more comprehensive conceptual framework than in prior studies. The qualitative research demonstrated a) how search ability and search strategies were reflective of confident and well-established search behaviour on the part of Saudi consumers and b) gender and regional variations c) that the nature of information search and evaluation is shaped by behavioural differences at an individual consumer level. The study also offers a deeper understanding of the challenging perceptions that exist with regards to the slow adoption of online travel processes among Saudi Arabian travel firms.
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Al-Bahadel, Dekheel. "The feasibility of introducing counselling for women and family therapy into society within Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405244.
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Alzhrany, Sami. "The impact of Internet usage on family functioning and psychological well-being in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2018. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/34039/.
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This study aims to investigate the impact of Internet usage on the psychological well-being related to family functioning in the context of Saudi Arabian society. Internet usage is represented by two aspects, firstly by type of online activities including searching, pleasure, communication, gaming, friendships, and shopping; secondly by time spent on these online activities. In terms of family functioning, two dimensions are derived from the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family System, they are family cohesion and adaptability (Olson, 1983). Finally, four individual variables of psychological well-being were selected: loneliness, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and satisfaction with family life. For the present work five separate studies were carried out to address the main aim. The first study is a translation study which aims to translate the scales under study into Arabic using two different methods of translation, back translation, and statistical translation. The results indicated that the translated items of the self-report scales are understandable and have similar meaning to the original items. The second study, which is the pilot study, aims to test the properties of the scales and examine the relationships among the variables. Fifty-eight participants (39 males, 18 females) with mean age 31.6 years took part, all of them Saudi nationals and native speakers. The results indicated significant relationships among the variables, especially Internet usage and family functioning. Results also indicated that the scales under study have acceptable psychometric proprieties. Some items, especially in the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACESII), were found to have minimal relationship with the total of the scale. Thus, the decision was made to further validate in a follow-up study. The third study aims to validate FACESII to be used in Saudi society. The sample of this study was extended to include one hundred and eighty-one participants 100 males (55%), and 81 females (44%), average of 30.6 years. Three types of validity were considered; face validity, congruent validity, and construct validity. The results showed that FACESII correlated well with the self-esteem whilst correlating poorly with loneliness. Also, the items of FACESII loaded on different factors to the items loaded in loneliness and self-esteem. This study ended with some suggestions to further develop the FACESII scale. The three aforementioned studies can constitute a preparation process to move towards the main study aim. The fourth study aims to examine the effect of using the Internet on family functioning and well-being, starts with developing scales by using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), then examines the model of current study using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Four models developed to examine the impact of Internet use on family and couple functioning and well-being. These main models consider family and couple functioning as a mediation variable between Internet usage and psychological well-being. Four hundred and thirty-three participants with average mean of 30.23 years took part in survey. Participants were all Saudi nationals and native speakers, from different positions in the household of Saudi families. Overall, results were shown to support the main models and to confirm the mediating role of family functioning for the relationship of Internet usage and individual well-being. Furthermore, comparison between UK and KSA sample were made to find differences in all study's variables and among family members. The final study, a longitudinal study, aims to examine Internet effects on family functioning and well-being over time. Seventy-four, 48 males and 26 females, with a mean age 33.2 took part in the survey used in study four for a second time. Cross-lagged regression models were used to compare effects over time. Results of this study confirmed that Internet usage has stronger effects on family functioning compared with effects on psychological well-being. This lends further support to the assumed mediating mechanism. Also, some comparisons were made to find out the differences in the study's variables between first longitudinal and cross-sectional samples, and between participants who took part in the longitudinal study with sample who did not. All in all, the results support the models that proposed which the Internet usage can be more effective on psychological well-being through the family functioning; cohesion and adaptability.
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Al, Magrabi Katibah Saad Aldean. "Geographical aspects of health and use of primary health care services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21426.
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This thesis examines the contribution that geographical analysis can make to the study of the variation in the patterns of human health and subsequently to the discussion on the type and level of use of the public health service in a rapidly developing country. The current study was conducted in Jeddah Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1994 and 2000. One of the main aims was to examine the pattern of health services provided in Saudi Arabia and this aim was achieved by investigating the provision and use of the Public Healthcare services. An attempt was made to clarify the complex web of relations that existed between, on the one hand, the different socioeconomic and geographic factors and on the other, the distribution of common ailments together with the level of utilization of health services. Shortcomings in the nature of the official health statistics regarding socioeconomic conditions of the patients were remedied through the use of a questionnaire. A tot al of 1000 patients from the eight PHCCs were surveyed for their use of the public health service. Data was collected from the same patients on their socio-economic, education and habitation details. This sample was used to supplement the data collected from the official government health statistics. These two data sets permitted an evaluation of the occurrence of different ailments and the variations in geographic distribution among the eight selected PHCCs. Difficulties persisted in the availability of official 1992 census data until publication of census data became available in 1999. In contrast to the problems of the census data, the availability of accurate and up-to-date patient records compiled by Ministry of Health staff was of considerable benefit to this research project. Use was made of Geographic Information Systems software for the analysis of data collected at the level of the PHCC. This allowed visual identification of the spatial variation in the use of the different health services and also allowed the identification of gaps in healthcare provision. The study showed that a density of habitation index used as a prime indicator of socio-economic status could be used as an indicator of the occurrence level for a number of common diseases. A pattern of disease was observed that suggested that the number of visits to PHCCs was substantially higher in low socio-economic districts compared to medium and higher socio-economic districts. It can be shown that the most common ailment was Upper Respiratory Tract Infections followed by Dental and Gingival diseases. Persons aged between 15 and 44 years made most visits to PHCCs although children under 15 years made proportionately greater use of PHCC facilities. No difference could be found between Saudi and Non Saudi as regards the occurrence of the most common ailments and diseases. The lack of difference was probably due to the close integration of the two population groups and the sharing of the same local environment. This similarity occurred despite considerable differences in income levels and socio-economic status. The level of utilisation of health centers in the selected districts showed differences, being higher in those districts categorized as low socio-economic in the south of Jeddah when compared to higher socio-economic districts in the north of the city. It was evident that the difference in socio-economic factors had an impact on the occurrence of some frequently occurring diseases e.g. URI, Dental, Ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and skin diseases. Although not primarily concerned with private health care facilities, for completeness sake some information was collected on the use of private health care in conjunction with public health care facilities. The author was surprised to discover that greatest use of private facilities occurred among women and children patients from Al Nuzla al Yamaneyyah and Al Thaalebah, districts that were characterised by low socio-economic conditions. The use of traditional folk healing was also briefly studied as this form of treatment remains important for some patients. Results showed that there was no difference between the educational standards of patients and their use of traditional folk healers. Again, children and women constituted the majority (86.6%) of users of traditonal healing with Saudi users (18.9%) higher than non Saudi (11.4%). There remains the supposition that alternative medicine may be of far greater importance than the sparse official data suggests. The unquantified illegal immigrant population may be totally reliant on unofficially operating alternative medicine centres. The thesis concludes by recommending a number of improvements to the existing public health care system. Some changes in the policy and practice of PHCC services will inevitably require more financial resources. These include an extension of the opening times of PHCCs and an increase in the number of specialist facilities such as dental surgeries. Other changes may not require more finances. These include a strengthening of communication and co-operation between PHCCs and hospitals to improve the referral of patients. Expansion of the existing computer network connecting PHCCs with hospitals should be given high priority.
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Al-Shahrani, Homoud. "The accessibility and utilization of primary health care services in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410310.
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Alnemer, Hashem Abdullah. "Takaful products and services in Saudi Arabia : an exploration into policyholder's perceptions and regulatory framework." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3595/.
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Takaful is the Islamic counterpart of conventional insurance, where it relies on a combination of tabarru (donation) and agency or profit-sharing. The takaful fund is considered a musharaka (partnership) among participants (policyholders). The relationship between the takaful operator and participants’ fund is based on either wakala contracts to manage the underwriting activities, and/or a mudaraba contracts to manage the underwriting or investment activities. Participants (Policyholders) in the takaful scheme are the main stakeholders; their equity consists of ownership of the underwriting activities and the investment funds. Participants’ relationship with Takaful Operators (TOs) depends on the percentage of the contributions premium they pay. They have a claim on assets of these funds in case of liquidation and they are entitled to have their claim paid if there is enough underwriting funds to finance payout; they are also entitled to share in the distribution of any investment and underwriting surplus. However, the only right that participants can exert on the takaful scheme is to disconnect their contractual relationship with the company in case of dissatisfactions. Participants’ undeserved rights might be due to management prioritizing interest towards shareholders as they are the main stewards of the takaful company. In other words, one of the main challenges faced in the takaful industry is shareholders and management discretions, power and activities due to the unclear structure of the takaful operational scheme. The Takaful operational scheme should follow the two-tier hybrid structure (mutual and proprietorship) as it has been identified by the prominent regulatory bodies such as AAOIFI and IFSB. However, almost all regulators, of which the Saud Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) is one, treat the TOs as a proprietorship, as it can be easily regulated and supervised which requires an identified share capital and shareholders. The main aim of this study, hence, is to recommend proper protection channels for participants, by conducting two parallel ways research, (i) exploring participants’ perceptions, knowledge, preferences and satisfactions levels about the service and products presented by the TOs in Saudi Arabia (ii) reviewing and comparing the current directives and laws imposed by the Saudi insurance regulatory authorities with the standards and polices imposed by the international insurance and takaful bodies. In fulfilling the aim of the study, primary data collection research was adopted through a survey questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was structured with 4 main dimensions (Disclosure, Knowledge, Preference and Satisfaction) with a total of 26 variables to cover the research objectives and themes. The survey questionnaire was distributed to 9 TOs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 300 out of 500 returned questionnaires were complete and found fit for analysis purposes. The data were analysed using various statistical analysis techniques ranging from simple frequency distribution analysis to the more advanced analyses such as non-parametric statistical analysis, Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression. In general, the results of the study show that participants’ overall perceptions and knowledge on TOs services and products is low, while participants reported high overall preferences which implies that participants are demanding more services from the TOs as they have more wants and needs. In term of satisfaction levels, participants reported a weak to moderate satisfaction levels, as a result of participants’ low perception, weak knowledge and high preferences which was obvious from the significant relationship between participants perceptions, knowledge and preferences as independent variables with participants’ satisfaction levels as dependant variables. In other words, in order for the TOs to satisfy their participants, they need to disclose more detailed information about different sorts of financial returns (investment return and underwriting surplus), as participants are financially motivated and there is no effect at all for religious motivation. The results of reviewing and comparing SAMA with the international insurance and takaful bodies, indicated that SAMA did not implement directive laws that address the takaful business nor any directive that address Shari’ah issues. Accordingly, it is highly recommended that SAMA adopts the well-established Corporate Governance and Market Conduct & Disclosure standards and polices that have been set by the international bodies such as AAOIFI and IFSB for better protection for the takaful participants in Saudi Arabia. The results of the research have established effective instrumental tools to measure the desired environment that should be available for the perspective policyholders and participants for their ultimate protection. These tools are based on participants’ perceptions, knowledge, preferences and satisfaction levels and based on the country’s regulatory assessments to support and protect participants’ and policyholders’ rights in the takaful fund.
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Alfaqeeh, Ghadah Ahmad. "Access and utilisation of primary health care services in Riyadh Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/603523.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces an increasing chronic disease burden. Despite the increase in numbers of primary health care centres (PHCCs) current evidence from the KSA, which is limited overall, suggests that access and utilisation of PHCCs, which are key to providing early intervention services, remain unequal with its rural populations having the poorest access and utilisation of PHCCs and health outcomes. There is a dearth (lack) of information from the KSA on the barriers and facilitators affecting access and utilisation of primary health care services (PHCS) and therefore this study aimed to examine the factors influencing the access and utilisation of primary health care centre (PHCC) in urban and rural areas of Riyadh province of the KSA. The behavioural model of health services use (Andersen’s model) provided the contextual and individual characteristics and predisposing, enabling and need factors which assist with an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to access and utilisation of PHCCs in Riyadh province. A mixed methods approach was used to answer the research questions and meet the objectives of the study. The converged qualitative and quantitative findings show that there are a number of predisposing (socio-demographic characteristics; language and communication and cultural competency) enabling barriers such as; distance from PHCCs to the rural residence, lack of services, new services, staff shortages, lack of training, PHC infrastructure, and poor equipment. Facilitators: service provider behaviour/communication, free PHCS, service provision and improvements, primary health care (PHC) infrastructure, manpower, opening hours, waiting time, and segregated spaces and need (increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, PHC developments in the KSA) factors influencing access and utilisation of PHCS. This study highlights important new knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to access and utilisation of PHCS in Riyadh province in the KSA. The findings have some important policy and planning implications for the MOH in the KSA. Specifically, the findings suggest: the need for clear documentation/guidance on minimum standards against which the PHCS can be measured; an audit of service availability at the PHCCs, regular patient satisfaction evaluations of PHCS, that the MOH take a parallel approach and continue to resource and improve buildings and equipment in existing PHCCs, the recruiting of more GPs, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists and physiotherapists to meet patient demand and more Saudi health care staff, more targeted health education and interventions for the prevention of chronic diseases in the KSA and the need for an appointment system for attending the PHCCs. There is a need for further research into the barriers and enablers to accessing and utilising health care in Riyadh and the KSA overall. This research would be made easier with a clearer definition of rural and urban in the KSA context which would allow a greater comparability between urban and rural PHCS for future research, audit and evaluation as well as comparison with PHCS in other parts of the world. The Andersen model provided a useful conceptual model to frame this research and provided a structure for contrasting and comparing the findings with other studies that have used the Andersen model to understand the barriers and enablers to accessing and utilising health care services.
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Aljaouhari, Sahar. "Between obedience and rebellion : a field study on the young women of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/371740/.
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This research explores the perceptions young Saudi women in Jeddah have of their lives. It seeks to uncover the role and different degrees that obedience and rebellion feature in the everyday lives of the young Saudi women in Jeddah. The subjects of the research were young Saudi women aged 16-21, all living in Jeddah at the time of the study and studying at either high school or university. The study employed a qualitative methodology to identify the extent of obedience and rebellion and their manifestations in the young women’s daily lives. The research relied on in-depth semi-structured interviews as the principal data collection method. By analysing the data derived from this process, I sought to explore the range, subtleties and continuum of rebellion and obedience in terms of three major themes: Hijab, gender relations, and young women’s private spaces. The study found that the participants associated Hijab with high social and religious values and had great respect for it. The conceptualization and practice of wearing Hijab, was associated with freedom and access to ‘the public sphere’ for many participants. In contrast, the study found that Qiwama (Guardianship), a religious Islamic concept that regulates family life, was much less respected by the participants, at least in its traditionalist incarnation that prevails in Saudi Arabia. The traditional Qiwama, per the findings, is a patriarchal structure that results in the reproduction of the social reality that marginalizes women, relegating them to follower status. The female participants rejected this as an incorrect interpretation of religious text. A majority of participants also pointed out that the definition of rebellion differs from one generation to the next. In fact, the participants noted that the actions of young Saudi women that are often classified as rebellious are actually demands for personal rights and an attempt to remove some of the restrictions they face in a subtle way that does not directly clash with family, religion and state policy. This study is important because it represents the unique contribution of giving a voice to young Saudi women to narrate their experiences and explore their ways of subtly negotiating with or conforming to social realities and by so doing enables the examination of the connections between obedience, rebellion, or subtle negotiation.
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Alharkan, Lulwah S. "Housing Morphology, Gender, and Family Relationships in Jeddah, KSA (1940-2017)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511861294367023.
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Algaman, Abrahim Hamad. "TQM implementation in a health care setting : a case study of a Saudi Arabia National Guard primary care setting." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311074.
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Al-Ribdi, Mohamed Saleh. "The geography of health care in Saudi Arabia : provision and use of primary health facilities in Al-Qassim region." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280833.
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Albaiz, Najla E. "Examining Kindergarten Teachers' Beliefs about and Implementation of School, Family, and Community Partnerships in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10787076.
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The research examined kindergarten teachers’ beliefs and implementation of school, family, and community partnerships (SFCPs) in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. It used Epstein’s model of SFCPs including the following practices: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. Two strands were employed: the quantitative obtained teachers’ beliefs and implementation of the SFCP practices by surveying a sample of 266 teachers from 126 public kindergartens. The follow up qualitative strand included a purposeful sample of 12 teachers to explore their experiences with SFCPs within three different social and economic areas (SEAs): High, middle, and low SEAs.
Two-way Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and chi-square tests were used to analyze teachers’ response to the survey. Thematic analysis was used to analyze teachers’ responses the follow-up interviews. The results revealed that there were no significant associations between teachers regarding to their years of experience or different teaching areas in terms of their beliefs about or implementation of SFCPs. The teachers believed that all of the six practices were important but gave slightly differences priorities to them. For the implementation of the practices, learning at home ranked the highest of the implementation, 74% of the study sample implemented this practice between once a semester to a weekly basis. For parenting and communication practices, over 50% of the sample implemented these practices between several times a semester to weekly. Collaborating with the community, volunteering, and decision-making were the lowest in implementation. More than half of the participants (49%, 60%, and 66% respectively) never implemented any of them.
The interviews analysis provided four main themes; partnerships knowledge, establishing partnerships need, partnership obstacles, and partnerships enhancement. The result showed that not all teachers acknowledged the six practices. They provided different stories to show the need (or not) of specific practices. The interviews focused on teachers’ experiences and highlighted many of the barriers that weakened the partnerships and emphasized the need to enhance these partnerships. This enhancement should be from different levels and parties, including but not limited to the teachers, co-workers, families, Ministry of Education, and the community.
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Alsayed, Zeiad Hashim. "Exposure to trauma and social phobia among children attending mental health services in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28521.
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Background: Experiencing traumatic events can lead to a range of mental health problems such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. A range of risk factors have been found to mediate exposure to trauma. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between trauma and social phobia, and the underpinning mechanisms. Research aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between exposure to trauma and social phobia as well other emotional disorders; and to establish whether parenting factors mediated this relationship. Methods: A clinical sample of 89 children aged 9-16 years was recruited from consecutive attenders in three mental health services in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Children were diagnosed with emotional disorder, following a clinical interview using the K-SADS. Measures were completed by parents and children on socio-demographic information, child psychopathology (Impact of Event Scale, Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, Children’s Depression Inventory, Social Phobia Questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire); exposure to trauma; and parenting factors (Parenting Rearing Style, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and General Health Questionnaire). Results: Exposure to trauma was not directly associated with social phobia symptoms. However, when exposure was measured as a dichotomous variable (exposed to any or no traumatic events), children exposed to trauma exhibited higher scores of social phobia symptoms. Other predictors included the child’s increasing age, parental stress and reduced emotional warmth. Furthermore, there was a significant association between the degree of trauma and PTSD symptoms. Depressive symptoms were predicted by the child’s age, parental rearing style and parental mental health problems. In contrast, anxiety and general mental health problems were only predicted by the child’s age. Conclusions: The findings provide support for the role that trauma and parenting factors may play in the development and maintenance of social phobia. These findings are discussed in the context of previous evidence. Clinical and research implications as well as recommendations for future research are considered.
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Alghamdi, Saleh Abdulqader. "Key factors influencing the adoption and utilisation of E-Government systems and services in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68231/.
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Electronic Government (E-Government) has become very important in recent years. It can be described as a system of digital interaction between a government and other parties, such as citizens, companies, employees, ministries and other government organisations. One of the most important elements of implementing E-Government systems is the interaction between users and E-Government systems, specifically the adoption and utilisation by those users, who are the main target of such systems. However, e-Government systems are still in the early stages in most developing countries including Saudi Arabia, and face many issues related to adoption, implementation and utilisation. Moreover, there is a lack of studies that investigate and analyse users' adoption and utilisation from different perspectives and also a lack of comprehensive frameworks specifically developed for such analysis. Thus, this research aims to investigate, analyse and understand the key factors that influence users' adoption and utilisation of e-Government systems and services in Saudi Arabia with a holistic approach. This could be used to enhance the current acceptance and use level and also would contribute to providing a user-centred path for designing and implementing new e-Services and government electronic systems. This study also aims to fill the knowledge gap in current e-Government literature about what might constitute a comprehensive framework on which to base such investigations. In order to achieve the research objectives, a comprehensive conceptual framework, namely, E-Government Adoption and Utilisation Model (EGAUM), was developed from a critical evaluation of several common models and theories related to technology acceptance and usage, in conjunction with a review of e-Government adoption literature. The developed model was then utilised to investigate and understand the influential factors on the adoption and utilisation of different types of users; namely, citizens, government employees and users from the business sector. A multiple method was employed in this research which includes a quantitative approach (as a main method) and a qualitative approach (as a supportive method). Several analysis procedures were employed, including descriptive and statistical analysis to validate the research model and to determine the significant influential factors. The results revealed that the user's Education Level, Perceived Benefits and implementing Regulations and Policies related to the e-Usage are common significant factors for the adoption and utilisation by all types of users. Moreover, the Functional Quality of Service/System, Perceived Simplicity and Socio-Cultural factors were found to be significant for the adoption and use of government employees and citizens. It was also found that Awareness plays a significant role in enhancing the adoption and use of public employees and users from the business sector. As a result of these findings, the research developed number of recommendations that can serve as guidelines for successful implementation of e-Government systems and services based on users' perceptions, attitude, beliefs, needs and choices.
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Alateyah, Sulaiman. "An integrated model for citizens to adopt e-government services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/380153/.
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This research discusses Electronic Government (e-Government), in particular the challenges that face its development and widespread adoption in Saudi Arabia. In this research e-government is defined as a matrix of stakeholders: Government to Government, Government to Business and Government to Citizens, using information and communications technology to deliver and/or consume services. Electronic Government has been implemented in developed countries for some time, while in Saudi Arabia it is still at the implementation and developing stages. Electronic Government services face challenges, including trust, privacy, security, computer and information literacy, and culture. In addition, this research has identified the influential factors, including quality of service, diffusion of innovation, knowledge and skills, culture, lack of awareness, technical infrastructure, website design, security, privacy, and trust, that affect the citizens' intentions to adopt e-Government services in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, these factors have been evaluated using an exploratory study, which uses mixed-methods, to confirm that these proposed factors are important and that the citizens are concerned about them. Resulting form the exploratory study, this research ha developed an integrated model for aiding the Saudi government by identifying the factors that would influence citizens to adopt their services. The model has been validated by the main study for this research, including questionnaires for citizens, government employees and experts. The gathered data were analysed and assessed using the Structural Equation Modelling approach. From the main study, the results showed that the proposed model fits the data and applies to the Saudi context. Therefore, the validated model would be considered essential in order to help the Saudi government to overcome the concerns of their citizens to use and adopt the online services. Consequently, applying the proposed model can reduce the government's time, effort, and money in influencing their citizens' intentions to adopt the proposed online services.
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Algethmi, Mohammed Abdu. "Mobile commerce innovation in the airline sector : an investigation of mobile services acceptance in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8994.
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The advancement of Information Technology (IT) has changed the business landscape in many industries and especially the airline sector. Modern Information Communication Technologies (ICT) provide powerful tools for organizations and can significantly influence their operation, structure, and strategy. The emergence of mobile technologies has created a new innovation for airline companies by increasing the availability, frequency, and speed of communication between the company and their customers. This research aims to investigate the factors influencing the customers behavioural intention to adopt and utilize mobile services during their travel process. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) provide the theoretical basis for explaining how consumers perceive mobile services which they access and operate by their mobile handset. To achieve that, this research employed a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approaches with a dominant quantitative method. A consumer web-based survey was conducted in the Saudi Arabia travel sector with respect to mobile services usage in airline sector , 307 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed by using SPSS (V.18), correlation, regression and factor analysis tests were conducted . The findings of this research revealed that, perceived usefulness, mobility and compatibility are loaded to be one predictor of behavioural intention to use mobile services in Saudi Arabia. The reason behind it may be interpreted as customers nowadays have seen mobility and compatibility as attributes of perceived usefulness. Further, social influence, perceived ease of use and personal innovativeness were found to significantly influence the behavioural intention .whereas, perceived risk was found not to be a predictor to the behavioural intention to use mobile services in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the model analysis and survey evaluation enable airline companies to make mobile commerce service provision decision, these findings contribute to a road map for airline companies to encourage their customers to adopt mobile services and keep them engaged during the overall travel life cycle.
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Alomari, Abdullah Nasir. "Housing and social change in Saudi Arabia : a community study of Hwylan village in Al Qassim region." Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8036.
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This study examines housing, family and community in Hwylan, a small village on the outskirts of Buraidah, a prosperous city in Al Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. The wealth brought to the country by oil exploitation has made possible extensive development and modernisation which are often thought to be a challenge to the traditional way of life: family composition, relationships and social values. These issues are explored in detail in a small scale community study conducted through direct observations, interviews, and a questionnaire based survey. The main part of the thesis dwells on the related issues of family, kinship and housing. It explores the extent to which traditional family life has been maintained and the extent to which change has been resisted or accepted. Particular attention is paid to the different types of house currently occupied by the village population. The present housing stock is largely new with very few occupied houses built more than 10 to 15 years ago. The study assesses the influence of land tenure, property acquisition and interest free government loans on housing and the traditional value system. The central findings of the study reveal that striking changes in prosperity and in house types and domestic technology have not been accompanied by fundamental changes in the value system of the community. The general conclusion drawn is that the local culture remains strong and largely resistant to outside influences despite the village's proximity to the city of Buraidah.
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Altassan, Saleh Ibrahim. "The emergence of health insurance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : a case study for the adoption of an alternative path." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289425.
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Alshaeel, Riyadh. "A study of the factors influencing the laws and management of family business succession in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9341beec-a0ac-48cc-987c-a29fd60a7e01.
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The main purpose of this study is to explore, the family business in the Saudi Arabian context and to identify the factors that underpin the succession of the business. Although family businesses have an important role in the economy, the majority of Saudi family firms appear to be failing to achieve intergenerational succession to maintain the businesses in the future. The goal of this study is to focus on the way the continuity of the family business is affected by transferring the power and management of the company to the next generation, by investigating the factors that might relate to the succession process. It also aims to explore the role of the founder, and to recognise the influence of the next generation preparation plan regarding the succession. This qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, conducted with the founders and the next generations of Saudi family businesses. The findings show that there is a succession problem facing Saudi family businesses. The founder has extraordinary power, which derives from social culture. However, the succession plan and preparing the next generations is one of the main roles for the founder. In addition, the founder’s management styles and his/her awareness of the importance of strategic planning to align the family and business goals, the relationships between family members, the conduct of Islamic values and beliefs, and the successor preparation plan were all found to significantly influence the prospects for family business continuity. This study will add more literature on family business succession in the Middle East, and, more specifically in Saudi Arabia and also makes a significant contribution to knowledge in practice. The implications of this study are that family businesses in Saudi Arabia should prepare a succession plan from an early time, to avoid the collapse of the company in the future. Moreover, the application of corporate governance and the formulation of regulations that guarantee the rights and justice between partners contribute to the stability and sustainability of the company. Furthermore, the separation of the management from the ownership, and implementation of strategic planning for the company's development and optimisation of the resources to compete in the market by attracting managerial talent from outside the family business are all important factors in ensuring continuity. The thesis also helps to provide a clear insight into the family businesses that constitute the majority of the private sector in Saudi Arabia, to improve the understanding of overseas investors wishing to establish a partnership with companies of this type.
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Alolyan, Asma Ali. "The perceived impact of the Internet on family and social relations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/608781/.
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This thesis considers the adoption of technology and perceived changing social attitudes and relations. Specifically it considers if there have been any perceived changes in family or social relations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and, if so, can this be traced to the relatively recent shift to allow more widespread access to the internet. Traditionally the KSA has been characterised as a traditional, socially conservative society with a strong reliance on extended kinship groups. These family units have traditionally been the focus for much social interaction, especially for the female members and a regular round of face to face interaction was an important part of the social norms. The adopted research design was a variant of the mixed methods methodology. In this case a questionnaire was issued to 300 young people at two universities and one high school in Riyadh. Following this, 50 interviews were conducted. These were a mixture of some under 28 (drawn from the questionnaire sample) and those over 28 (found using purposive sampling). The research was designed to explore if the internet was perceived by respondents as having an impact due to time displacement (i.e. time spent on line was reducing face to face interaction) or in terms of any perceived changes of underlying attitudes towards the norms of Saudi society. Broadly, the findings were that there was evidence that the internet was perceived as having led to significant changes in social relations due to time displacement. However, from the interviews, it was clear that to many women in the KSA the internet offered the means to sidestep traditional restrictions on social interaction. While most reported no change in social attitudes, those with relatively heavy usage did report an impact on both acceptance of existing cultural norms and social relationship.