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Journal articles on the topic 'Family size Buildings'
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Trčka, Martin, Jan Ondruch, Adam Thomitzek, and Štěpán Kavan. "Fire Safety of Buildings in the Protection Zone of the Electric Power Transmission System of the Czech Republic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.385.
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The article presents possible procedure for determining parameters of a building representing a finite group of buildings of the same properties characterized in particular by their size and amount of combustible material (family house furnishings, manufacturing facilities, etc.) that are potentially threatened by overhead electric power transmission lines. Detailed statistical processing was used to find dimensions of these buildings such as length, width, and height and their distance from transmission line conductors, which the first step is preceding subsequent mathematical modeling of a representative building and simulation of a fire in it.
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Jeong, Young Sun. "Selection of Insulation Materials and Insulation Performance with Consideration of Building Energy when Designing a Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.724.
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Building designs should be reviewed from the aspects of both design aesthetics and energy performance. The installation of insulation materials in external walls, roofs, and floors is a basic method that could reduce energy losses from buildings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of insulation materials selected as building materials and the insulation performance of each building elements when designing new buildings in South Korea. The insulation performance of the external walls, roofs, and floors of buildings were compared with the insulation criteria of the Energy Saving Design Standards of Buildings in building energy code. The design documents, as well as drawings and building energy saving plan sheets, which are required to be submitted for buildings larger than a certain size in South Korea, were collected. The most widely used insulation material in multi-family housings and non-residential buildings was extruded polystyrene (XPS). The insulation performance of external walls, roofs, and floors were higher than that established by design criteria of building energy code. In particular, the external walls had roughly a 25.5% better insulation performance than the insulation criteria.
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Koke, Johannes, André Schippmann, Jingchun Shen, Xingxing Zhang, Peter Kaufmann, and Stefan Krause. "Strategies of Design Concepts and Energy Systems for Nearly Zero-Energy Container Buildings (NZECBs) in Different Climates." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080364.
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Container-based lightweight buildings offer a high ecologic and economic potential when they are designed as nearly zero-energy container buildings (NZECBs). Thus, they are relevant to energy transition in achieving an almost climate-neutral building stock. This paper describes and applies design strategies for suitable building concepts and energy systems to be used in NZECBs for different climates. Therefore, different applications in representative climatic zones were selected. Initially, the global climate zones were characterized and analyzed with regard to their potential for self-sufficiency and renewable energies in buildings. The design strategies were further developed and demonstrated for three cases: a single-family house in Sweden, a multi-family house in Germany, and a small school building in rural Ethiopia. For each case, design guidelines were derived and building concepts were developed. On the basis of these input data, various energy concepts were developed in which solar and wind energy, as well as biomass, were integrated as renewable energy sources. All the concepts were simulated and analyzed with the Polysun® software. The various approaches were compared and evaluated, particularly with regard to energy self-sufficiency. Self-sufficiency rates up to 80% were achieved. Finally, the influence of different climate zones on the energy efficiency of the single-family house was studied as well as the influence of the size of battery storage and insulation.
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Bičák, Tomáš, and Helena Kolomazníková. "Smart Power Generation & Storage TEDOM." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2018.2.042.
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<span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; -ms-layout-grid-mode: line; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;" lang="EN-GB">The contribution describes the project implemented in the production plant of TEDOM. It defines the part of the premises where the buildings are supplied with electric power from the photovoltaic power plant in collaboration with a CHP unit. A battery system is employed to compensate for the imbalances between the power generation and consumption. Yet the buildings are completely independent of the connection to the distribution network. Thus, it is a so-called </span><span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: CS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">"</span><span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; -ms-layout-grid-mode: line; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;" lang="EN-GB">off-grid</span><span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: CS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">"</span><span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; -ms-layout-grid-mode: line; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;" lang="EN-GB"> operation.</span>
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Huh, Jung-Ho, and Sun-Hye Mun. "Energy demand analysis according to window size and performance for Korean multi-family buildings." Architectural research 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5659/aikar.2013.15.4.201.
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Homaei, Shabnam, and Mohamed Hamdy. "Quantification of Energy Flexibility and Survivability of All-Electric Buildings with Cost-Effective Battery Size: Methodology and Indexes." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102787.
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All-electric buildings are playing an important role in the electrification plan towards energy-neutral smart cities. Batteries are key components in all-electric buildings that can help the demand-side energy management as a flexibility asset and improve the building survivability in the case of power outages as an active survivability asset. This paper introduces a novel methodology and indexes for determining cost-effective battery sizes. It also explores the possible trade-off between energy flexibility and the survivability of all-electric buildings. The introduced methodology uses IDA-ICE 4.8 as a building performance simulation tool and MATLAB® 2017 as a post-processing calculation tool for quantifying building energy flexibility and survivability indexes. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study of a Norwegian single-family house, where 10 competitive designs, 16 uncertainty scenarios, and 3 dynamic pricing tariffs suggested by the Norwegian regulators are investigated. The methodology provides informative support for different stakeholders to compare various building designs and dynamic pricing tariffs from the flexibility and survivability points of view. Overall, the results indicate that larger cost-effective batteries usually have higher active survivability and lower energy flexibility from cost- effectiveness perspective. For instance, when the time of use tariff is applied, the cost-effective battery size varies between 40 and 65 kWh (daily storage). This is associated with a cost-effective flexibility index of 0.4–0.55%/kWh and an active survivability index of 63–80%.
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Machniak, Łukasz. "The Consumption Ratios for Aggregates to Concrete in Single-Family Houses." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2016-0022.
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Abstract Natural aggregates are widely used both in ribbon and volumetric construction. In respect of quantitative demand, ribbon construction has been definitely much more receptive in recent years. After completion of implementation of large infrastructural investments, co-financed by EU funds, volumetric construction will become one of major directions of sale of aggregates. Due to a lack of accurate information about consumption of aggregates in this construction segment, it is important to estimate the unit consumption ratios in different types of volumetric structures. The thesis presents the statistical image of demand for aggregates depending on selected features of single-family buildings. The basis assumed for determining unit consumption of aggregates is the amount of concrete juxtaposed in design documentations and average content of aggregates in concrete mix. Consumption of aggregates has been defined in respect of such features of a building as: building area, total area, usable area, volume. Also, consumption was assessed depending on structural solutions of ceilings and major architectonic features: the number of storeys above ground and underground. The conducted analyses imply that consumption of aggregates varies according to not only the size of a house under construction, but also the architectural-constructional type of the building. In most cases, the consumption of aggregates to concrete correlates most favourably with the volume of the buildings. The average value of the aggregates consumption ratio is 0.21 Mg per 1 m3 of building volume, with the standard error of the mean equalling 0.003. As regards particular building types, the obtained mean values have a have a lower coefficient of variation, and similar values standard error, especially for the index calculated relative to the usable area. Therefore, it is justified to use these ratios interchangeably. It is possible to prepare regional demand scenarios for aggregates, especially gravel-sand aggregates which are the primary type used to produce concrete, using statistics of the residential construction market, including detached single-family construction, which have been kept for years, supplemented with the identified aggregate consumption ratios.
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Arbel, Yuval, Chaim Fialkoff, and Amichai Kerner. "Does the Housing Unit's Type and Size Affect Health?" Business and Economic Research 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i1.14125.
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Recent medical studies have examined ways to offer more spatial planning opportunities to increase a person's level of physical activity. These studies demonstrate a decreasing prevalence of obesity in denser and less car-oriented communities with mixed land uses. Yet, apart from these environmental effects, the impact of characteristics of the housing unit itself (e.g., type and size), combined with socio-demographic variables (e.g., the number of children, marital status, place of birth, country of origin, and gender) on the body mass index (BMI) has not been examined previously. Based on a two-year longitudinal survey of the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the current study examines this potential implication based on the BMI measure. Stratification by gender indicates opposite effects of suburbanization on projected BMI of women and men, who move from smaller condominiums in multi-family buildings to single family units and to larger apartments.
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Bowley, W., and P. Mukhopadhyaya. "A sustainable design for an off-grid passive container house." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 8, no. 2 (December 2017): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2017.8.2.7.
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Buildings are the largest consumers of energy, accounting for nearly 40% of all energy used. Therefore, an effective method of reducing energy consumption is to create and design more efficient buildings. In this paper details of a sustainable and green building design for a small residential home are presented. This design is unique in that it is built to Passive house standards, and using shipping containers. The structure will use four 20 ft. (6.1 m) high and one 40 ft. (12.2 m) high cube containers, with the four 20 ft. (6.1 m) making up the main floor and the 40 ft. (12.2 m) forming the second floor. The size is a modest 820 sq. ft. (76.2 m2) designed for a family with one or two children. The goal for the building is to be as self-sufficient as possible which makes it ideally suited to an ‘off-grid’ rural setting. However, it can be adapted to be ‘on-grid’ as well. Solar energy will provide all the electricity needs through a photovoltaic battery system, and warm water with a solar water heater. The site will be water neutral by utilising rainwater harvesting and on site waste water treatment. The results from energy modelling, using HOT2000, are presented, as well as an in-depth analysis on different insulation types and strategies. Finally, a cost estimate exercise is conducted and results compared to other passive houses and traditional code compliance buildings.
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Alfirevic, Djordje, and Simonovic Alfirevic. "Spatial organisation concept of two-entrance apartment." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 17, no. 3 (2019): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace190523019a.
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The location of the entrance and its relation to the main functional apartment groups in multi-storey, multi-family buildings, is to a great extent determined by the organizational concept of the apartment. The apartments with auxiliary entrances are less present in practice, majority of apartments fit the spatial frame of the building itself. The apartments can border with the next apartment on the same floor, be oriented towards one or more facades, but what is of key importance in determining the number of apartment entrances and their positioning is the size of contact zone between the apartment and common communication areas, as well as the configuration of the apartment. The aims of this paper include the analysis of the main positions of the entrance and the concepts of apartment organization that they determine, analysis of characteristic concepts of two-entrance apartments in multi-storey, multi-family buildings and re-examination of the relation between the introduction of the additional entrance and the necessity of having constant or occasional segregation of certain activities in them.
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Kovács, Lóránt. "A historical survey of the Corunca Castle, Romania, based on the military survey maps and present-day measurements." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2015-0011.
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Abstract Corunca is situated at 4.5 km SE from Târgu-Mureș, near the Salt Stream, the Bozeni Stream, and the Vațman Stream. Its area is inhabited from ancient times. Both prehistoric and Roman findings were reported to have been found within the village boundaries. Its neighbouring medieval village, Sárvári, perished in the 16th century, while Kisernye was devastated by Turkish troops in 1661. The settlement was first recorded in 1332 as Korunka. The Reformed Church was built between 1769 and 1778, while its spire dates from 1793. The earlier church was surrended by high protective walls, which were demolished in 1769. The extremely ruinous castle with its neoclassical façade and a couple of neighbouring farm buildings appear on the left side of the European route E60 travelling from Târgu-Mureș to Sighișoara. Today, this is a barren place, although once it was surrounded by a grove the size of 120 cadastral acres [2]. During the reign of John Sigismund Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania and ruler of a part of the Kingdom of Hungary, the village belonged to Thomas Mihályfy. The castle was ravaged in 1562 by the revolted Szeklers. After the fall of the Mihályfy family, the Chancellor of Transylvania, Farkas Kovacsóczi owned the estate, which later came down to the Tholdalagi family. The Tholdalagi family belongs to one of the great magnate families of Transylvania, with nicknames deriving from Ercea and Iclod, but originating from Toldal, Mureș County, Romania – their ancient demesne from the 16th century. Mihály I. Tholdalagi (1580–1673), one of the wisest diplomats in the Principality, reshaped the original building to an impressive castle in the 1630s, whose size and adjoining buildings are described in the Inventory dating from 1680. The first members of the Tholdalagi family came to Transylvania from Hungary. According to the family traditions, and also mentioned in their Certificate of Count, their ancestor is the extinguished Alaghi family member, András, who obtained Toldalag settlement together with its neighbouring Ercse in 1453; hence the nickname “Ercsei”. Thus, Mihály Tholdalagi’s parents were Balázs from Gáldtő and Borbála Bessenyei [1].
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Wirawan, I. Wayan Ardhi. "Dynamic Ideology of Traditionality in Developing Holy Places at Hindus Family in Cakranegara Territory Mataram City." Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33363/swjsa.v3i1.435.
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This study aims to examine the dynamics of traditionality ideology in building holy place among Hindus families in Cakranegara territory, Mataram city. This research was designed in the type of interpretative qualitative research using a case study model. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed through the stages of classification, reduction, and interpretation. Tri angulation techniques, both tri angulation methods and tri angulation of data sources were used to check the validity of the data. The results showed that the dynamics of traditional ideology in building holy place of Hindu families had been indicated by transformation of cultural traditions at Hinduism practices in four dimensions. First, the position of placing the holy place later no longer applies traditional concepts in a rigid and standard manner. Second, with regard to the spatial size in the construction of holy place in at Hindu families is no longer fixed on the size of the spatial layout that is traditionally applied but adjusted to the situation and condition of karang paumahan (area of home). Third, the form of holy has adapted to the inclusion of external culture. Fourth, the number of pelinggih (holiy place buildings) tends to decrease, especially in the relatively small area of home.
Keywords: dynamics, traditionality ideology, holy place, Hindu families.
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Matys, Wojciech. "Low-rise intensive residential development genesis and shaping the model." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1696.
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The article focuses on exploring prototypic, historical examples of low – rise intensive residential developments. In terms of the form, such buildings are reminiscent of modern residential constructions in single family housing complexes, however, they are characterized by the presence of two flats in one residential segment. Such dwelling units have the size of a three-room flat as in multi-family housing but at the same time they are built on the basis of the law regulations reserved for single-family housing.
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Sale, Malan Dipak, and V. Chandra Prakash. "Traffic-based floor preference for the scheduling of elevators in elevator group control system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp835-842.
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<p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Modern high-rise buildings require complex yet efficient Elevator Group Control Systems (EGCSs). In vertical transportation through an elevator, a passenger must make a hall call by pressing a landing call button installed at each floor and located near the cars of the elevator group. Conventionally, the EGCS allocates one of the cars for each hall call. Waiting time for the arrival of car and journey time inside a car are two parameters, which provide a suitable measure for quality and efficiency of EGCSs. The proposed system deals with this car-call allocation problem</span></span><span style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The proposed work analyzes the generated traffic patterns to dispatch a certain number of cars to certain floors in order to reduce overall wait time of passengers. The proposed algorithm is simulated for high-rise building with 20 floors and provides a better result with the reduced wait time for more number of passengers.</span></span></p>
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Kuijt, Ian. "Material Geographies of House Societies: Reconsidering Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 565–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774318000240.
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This paper explores how people within Neolithic villages were connected to co-resident multi-family households, and considers the potential material footprint of multi-family households within Neolithic villages. Drawing upon data from Çatalhöyük, I suggest that Neolithic communities were organized around multiple competing and cooperating Houses, similar to House Societies, where house members resided in clusters of abutting buildings, all largely the same size and with similar internal organization. These space were deeply connected to telling the generative narratives of the House as a historical and genealogical social unit, including the lives and actions of the ancestors, and in some cases embedding them physically within the fabric of the building. Çatalhöyük multi-family House members decorated some important rooms with display elaboration that focused on the past, the future and the family, while the dead from the households, who in many ways were still alive and part of the ancestral House, lived beneath the floor. This study underlines that researchers need to consider social scales beyond the single-family household and consider how the multi-family House existed as an organizational foundation within Neolithic villages.
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Foryś, Iwona, Ewa Putek-Szeląg, and Beata Ziembicka. "Model of the Market Value of Apartments Including a Time Variable and Energy Features of a Building." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0007.
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AbstractResearch background: The implementation of EU directives in national legislations imposes an obligation to monitor energy efficiency in every sector of the economy, including construction. In the era of energy conservation, which results from environmental requirements, as well as from constantly increasing energy prices, the energy consumption of premises and buildings becomes an important prerequisite for decision-making processes in the real estate market. There have also been changes in the provisions of the Act on Real Estate Management, which impose an obligation on the professional group of property appraisers to incorporate energy performance certificates for buildings and premises into the valuation process. Energy intensity in terms of the demand for heating of multi-family residential buildings will be the basis for the assessment of its impact on the market value of residential units.Purpose: The article analyses the energy intensity of different types of buildings (e.g. low and high-rise buildings) and the diverse distribution of units in the building, especially with regard to their exposure to the different point of the compass. The research covered the Słoneczne housing estate in Szczecin, in a situation where the property appraiser does not have access to the energy performance certificates of the estimated apartments as well as apartments taken for comparison. The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between energy intensity and market value of residential units on the selected real estate market. The analysis will be based on data from the Price and Value Register of the County Office, a collection of statistics and public information as well as on the authors’ own databases and research.Research methodology: A multidimensional analysis will be used to distinguish homogeneous groups of residential units due to their property attributes. The study will also employ a valuation model including energy intensity and time variables.Results: The study showed that building type is one of the features determining energy consumption by a building. Depending on the period, the introduced attributes explained the evolution of the unit price at 78%, 75% and 24%. The parameters of the variables Size, Neighborhood and Time were found to be statistically significant. What is more, in all three periods, the value of the residential unit was significantly affected by the type of building which determined the energy performance of the building.Novelty: Energy intensity in terms of the heating demand of multi-family residential buildings will be the basis for the assessment of its impact on the market value of residential units. The article analyses the energy intensity of different types of buildings (e.g. low and high buildings) and the different location of units in a building, especially in relation to the directions of the world.
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Ooi, Koon Beng, Mohammad Omar Abdullah, and Masa Noguchi. "An Update of a Simulation Study of Passively Heated Residential Buildings." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0019.
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Abstract “A simulation study of passively heated residential buildings” published in Procedia Engineering 2015 showed how circulating 15-17°C water from a 50-m deep U-tube to a floor radiator and solar-heated water from a 30 evacuated tube solar collector and a 2-m3 indoor tank to a wall radiator could keep a 30-m2 Melbourne, Australia house thermally comfortable. This paper presents a summary of the ongoing review of publications together with three updates: - (1) Report on that water heated by a 100-metre deep U-tube is 22-24°C, i.e., 2-4 °C warmer than thermal comfort temperature. (2) May 2016 experimental validations of the simulated results which show that when the outdoors is below 10°C, the temperature of the floor radiator is 2-4°C less than the 15-17°C water heated by a 50-m deep U-tube and 25 W fish tank pumps could circulate the waters. (3) Simulations with the addition of phase change materials (PCM) to inside faces show that though a PCM halves the diurnal indoor temperature variations, it confirms that such PCM does not significantly increase the 20°C temperature in a 2-m3 storage tank at the end of winter. Therefore, the size of intersessional thermal storage would be a problem for family-sized houses. German Guidelines indicate that 1-2 boreholes could provide enough heat for family-sized houses. The heat extracted in winter can be replenished in summer. Thus the geothermal heat from about 100-m deep boreholes with 22-24°C bottom temperature could sustainably keep residential buildings in cool climates similar to Melbourne's cool temperate thermally comfortable.
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Heinz, Andreas, and Christian Gaber. "Combinations of heat pump and photovoltaics for renovated buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101003.
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The aim of this work is the analysis of hybrid heating systems consisting of an air source heat pump, a storage tank and a photovoltaic (PV) system for the use in renovated residential buildings. The potential for decreasing the electrical energy consumption of the heat pump from the grid by targeted operation of the speed controlled compressor with electricity from PV is determined by means of dynamic system simulations in TRNSYS for a renovated single family house under the assumption that the existing radiator heating system is not replaced, and that therefore relatively high supply temperatures are necessary. Different variants were considered with regard to the size of the PV system, the storage volume and the influence of the heat emission system.
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Matys, Wojciech. "Biologically active area in low-rise high-denisty housing development with an example of Bialystok." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1506.
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The biologically active area is one of the most important elements of residential development. Its size is determined by the percentage factor established in local spatial development plans and laws regulations. The publication was set minimum values for this ratio for single-family and multi-family housing, and the outcomes were compared with a new type of housing, currently popular in Poland, low-rise high-density residential development. The studies were done on the example of the city of Bialystok, where there are many buildings of this new type of housing.
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Żywicki, Jerzy. "Henryk Bekker (Chaim Beker) – żydowski architekt międzywojennego Lublina. In memoriam." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.4-5.
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The publications to date have characterized Henryk Bekker (1886-1942) as a political and self-government activist and President of the Council of the Jewish Religious Community. None of them has yet discussed his activities in the field of construction and architecture. He was born in Białystok as Chaim Beker, presumably in a family of assimilated Jews who often “Polonized” their first and last names. It is probably for that reason that in the later years of his life he was known as Henryk Bekker. From 1906 he studied in Munich at the Königlich Bayerische Technische Hochschule, where he received a degree of Construction Engineer in 1911. Little is known about his life during the next dozen or so years except that he married a Lublin resident Helena Zynger and stayed with her in eastern Ukraine, where their daughter Irena was born in 1918. Somewhere at the beginning of 1922 the Bekker family came to Lublin and took up their residence at Bernardyńska St. no. 24/3. In Lublin H. Bekker worked as a freelance construction engineer. The current state of research makes it possible to connect his architectural and construction work with 27 construction designs, mostly commissioned by Jewish investors. They comprise buildings of different status, size and architectural value. He executed the projects in Lublin and the Lublin region: these included large tenement houses and tenement annexes, schools, ritual bathhouses, shops, craftsmen’s workshops, small industrial plants and waterworks/sewage installations. Among the buildings distinguished by both the size scale and the architectural level, we should mention the constructions in Lublin, including two buildings built for the Jewish Cooperative Housing Association “Spółdom” (at Probostwo St. no. 19 and Wieniawska St. no. 6), tenement houses at Okopowa St. no. 10, Krótka St. no. 4 and Ogrodowa St. no. 19 and the Perec House. Those buildings were associated with the trend of modernism. Their architecture was characterized by simplified building bodies, functional interior solutions, and reduction of decorative detail. Although none of them displayed any special avant-garde forms or avant-garde technical solutions, they all contributed to the modernization of the architecture of interwar Lublin.
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Smilevska, Sinolichka. "Housing in an Example of Low - Rise Residential Structure in Debar Maalo, Skopje." South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2019 (March 12, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/seejad.2019.10045.
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From city quarter with urban villas, yard houses and pittoresque ambient values, Debar Maalo in Skopje in recent time, is turning into a construction site of the intense rise of the building mass and filling in on every potential void, where the typology of multifamily residential buildings is dominant.
But, can it be different? The marginalized forms of single-family housing, once a dominant lifestyle in Debar Maalo, single family yard houses, houses with ground contact are the remains of a passed image of this city quarter that should be the referent milieu of this research. This typology of a low-rise residential structure, should represent the renovation tactics of the the single-family dwelling in this part of the city of Skopje. The creation process of the new urban landscape of housing with characteristics of a dense and low-rise structure will be through the forward two stages: analysis and design. The location of interest will be analysed through architectural project of a housing block with the typology of a low-rise housing structure that should provide high urban density of 120 houses per hectare. The suggested typology of the housing structure should provide housing that will meet the new lifestyles and will achieve diversity of the houses according to their size, structure, and comfort.
This thesis should refer to the idea of rethinking and reminiscing on the elementary architectural city image, low rise housing structure typology as a building type at the level of the morphology of the city of Skopje.
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Ostańska, Anna. "The effect of current thermomodernization projects on energy performance of multi-family residential buildings and perspectives for new regeneration projects: the case of a housing estate in Lublin." Budownictwo i Architektura 7, no. 2 (December 13, 2010): 089–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2271.
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Managers of large housing estates whose stocks consist mainly of precast concrete plate buildings of 1970ies, due to their sheer size and technical condition far from being perfect, are especially concerned with searching for solutions that would reduce energy consumption. Thermal modernization projects provide an opportunity to adopt a holistic approach to the problem of obsolescence of this relatively new housing stock and to consider it in terms of urban regeneration. The paper describes the energy saving policies in Poland and results of pilot studies of Building Research Institute (ITB) aimed at defining optimal scope of thermomodernization of precast concrete plate housing. The paper investigates into the effects of thermomodernization of a particular, though typical, housing estate in Lublin in order to give grounds for future actions in the field of energy saving measures.
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Wang, Jin, and Hua Shao. "Application of Wireless Sensor Network Technology in Security Control of Intelligent Buildings." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 05 (May 25, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i05.8652.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">When a wireless sensor network is used to perform real-time security monitoring inside a building, there are drawbacks like multi-path signal fading and difficulty in spectrum sensing. In light of these problems, this paper proposes an improved signal spectrum sensing algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM), which inhibits the impacts brought by the low signal-noise-ratio (SNR) environment in the transmission process of wireless sensor signals through the embedded cyclostationary characteristic parameters. Based on this, considering the low efficiency and poor fault tolerance of multi-task monitoring and scheduling inside the building, this paper also proposes a multi-task coordination and scheduling algorithm based on physical information integration, which achieves multi-task scheduling and execution through intelligent breakdown and prioritization of general tasks. The simulation test shows that, compared with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and the maximum-minimum eigenvalue (MME) algorithm, the proposed algorithm has much better spectrum sensing effect under low SNR, takes less computation time, and achieves higher accuracy in large-scale multi-task coordination and scheduling. The research conclusions can provide new ideas for the application of wireless sensor network in intelligent building security monitoring.</span>
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Lenoch, Josef, and Petra Hlaváčková. "The Assessment of the Character Profile of Wood-based House Users in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051697.
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In the years 2012–2014 the authors carried out an extensive marketing research among users of wood-based buildings in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey had 1,000 respondents – Czech households using a wood-based house. The survey was conducted separately in each region of the Czech Republic (40–100 questionnaires per region). The results were evaluated separately for each region and for the Czech Republic as a whole. Questionnaires consisted of four thematic groups of questions. This paper deals with processing and evaluation of results of the first group of questions. This group addresses characteristics of people using wood-based family houses. The results are evaluated for individual regions and for the whole Czech Republic. The evaluation covers seven characteristics of adults using the surveyed buildings: age of users, type of the buildings’ ownership, educational attainment, sector of employment, profession, type of previous housing, and the size of municipality of the previous housing. The aim of the paper is to create profile of a “common user” of wood-based buildings. The results of the marketing research can be used to enhance competitiveness of companies in the woodworking and construction sector.
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Kononowicz, Alena. "Examples of modernization of historical housing estates in the outskirts of Wrocław – opportunities and threats." Budownictwo i Architektura 17, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_171_10.
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Recent decades have seen increased housing development activities in the outskirt housing estates of Wrocław, apparently driven by a trend of city dwellers escaping from the city somewhere “closer to nature”. This applies also to Brochów and Psie Pole, former independent small towns with characteristic spatial arrangement. Once absorbed by Wrocław, these housing estates were subjected to on-going expansion whose size exceeded many times their historical core area. Restoration of the historical centre of Psie Pole undertaken by the City in 2009 has produced controversial results. The modernised old Marketplace has become a dead space in spite of renovated buildings and modern spatial development of the square. Along with the market stalls at the former bus terminal the people disappeared, too. Commercial traffic was moved to the rear of one of the frontages, a so-called “shopping arcade”, in the vicinity of trash bins; whilst the benches in the renovated Marketplace are most frequently occupied by homeless people. Modernisation activities at the historical centre include: restoration, reconstruction or demolition of old buildings, construction of infill buildings, that often fail to harmonise with their surroundings.Effects of the modernisation works carried out at the historical housing estate for railway employees in Brochów, where, for example, only halves of the semi-detached multi-family houses were refurbished; confirm the necessity to adopt a comprehensive approach to the renovation process. Elsewhere, thermal retrofitting with polystyrene left the facades of the buildings deformed and their original character was permanently lost.
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Neunteufel, Roman, Laurent Richard, and Reinhard Perfler. "Water demand: the Austrian end-use study and conclusions for the future." Water Supply 14, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.190.
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Demographic and climate change will affect in the long term the total water consumption and therefore the planning and management of the related infrastructures. End-use studies provide information on water consumption and its influencing factors. However the availability of such detailed data is very limited. The research project carried out was based on total daily water consumption collected from 12 Austrian water supply areas for periods covering up to 10 years. The general data were complemented with high resolution measurements (ranging from day to 10 second intervals) of household consumption of residential buildings, semi-detached houses, single family homes, and weekend cottages as well as with meteorological data and comprehensive socio-economic and personal information. The major factors influencing residential household consumption are: demographic dynamics; age distribution; household size/family size; living conditions; and regional economic development. In the short term, water consumption is influenced by temperature, precipitation, day of the week and time. For residential consumption, these last parameters were found to be the main causes for the existing peak demands. Modernisation will lead to a further decrease of the indoor per capita water demand. The outdoor demand and its peaks are expected to increase due to climate change.
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Li, Geng, and Yu-na Su. "Intelligent Building Control System Based on Mobile Wireless Internet of Things." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 10 (November 7, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i10.7746.
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<p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: medium;">In order to develop an advanced intelligent building control system, the new system based on mobile wireless Internet of things is designed. By analyzing the new technology, it is proved that the application and development of the Internet of things technology provides a new method for the effective control of intelligent buildings. In addition, a series of researches are carried out on the core technology of the construction equipment networking system. The hardware, software and wireless self-organization networks of the intelligent terminal are designed and implemented, and the key indexes of the intelligent terminal are tested. The fixed transmit power test results show that when the fixed emission frequency is 10 dB, the communication distance is inversely proportional to the communication rate, which means that the smart terminal wireless network has strong ability to pass through obstacles. Based on the above finding, it is concluded that the stability of the mobile internet wireless network intelligent terminal can fully meet the performance requirements of intelligent building control, which lay is a good basis for its flexible use of the future.</span></span></p>
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Baron, S., J. Bridges, N. McGrath, H. C. Roberts, and K. Ibrahim. "92 Relocation in Care Homes (RICH) Study: The Experience of Different Stakeholders." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i30—i32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz194.03.
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Abstract Introduction In the UK, care homes in unsuitable older buildings are closing. Involuntary relocation is associated with increased mortality and negative emotions among residents. Extensive planning can mitigate this. The aim was to understand the experience of a planned relocation between two care homes. Methods In the UK, care homes in unsuitable older buildings are closing. Involuntary relocation is associated with increased mortality and negative emotions among residents. Extensive planning can mitigate this. The aim was to understand the experience of a planned relocation between two care homes. Results Seven themes were identified and organised under three stages: pre-move (communication and involvement; preparation for the move; and attitudes towards the move), day-of-the-move (organisation of the move), and post-move (environmental change and impact; staff organisation and management; and settling in). Family and staff members reported that the pre-move information provided was inconsistent and staff did not feel involved in the planning and design process. Pre-move visits and staff and family support were beneficial for residents’ preparation for the move. All participants expressed sadness about the closure, and reported apprehension about moving. The moving day felt disorganised and stressful to staff who had to spread between the two homes. Post-move, the new care home was perceived by many participants as a ‘hotel’ rather than a home. Its larger size and confusing layout impacted negatively on residents and staff. New staff and changes in management structure were perceived by the different stakeholders to cause increased staff workload. Residents adjusted variably to the new home, with family support and staff continuity of care proving to be facilitators. Conclusions Despite extensive planning, relocation and adjustment was challenging. Recommendations for future relocations include: increasing involvement of staff in the planning and design of the home; ensuring consistent communication and organising staff rotas to maintain continuity of care.
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Tika Ram, Pokharel, and Rijal Hom Bahadur. "Hourly Firewood Consumption Patterns and CO2 Emission Patterns in Rural Households of Nepal." Designs 4, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4040046.
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Nepal has low per-capita energy use and a majority of its rural residents use firewood as their primary energy source. Excessive use of firewood in improperly ventilated buildings degrades the indoor environment and health condition of the inhabitants. This study aims to assess the influence of hourly firewood consumption patterns on CO2 emissions and resulting concentrations in rural households in Nepal. A field survey was conducted for 24 h in 16 households during winter. The results suggest that most of the households tend to use more firewood during the morning and evening hours. Family size and number of animals reared by the households were positively correlated with firewood consumption, whereas family size was negatively correlated with per-capita firewood consumption. Per-capita firewood consumption was found to be 1.8 kg/(capita·day). Household firewood consumption and CO2 emissions were 12 kg/(family·day) and 14.26 kg CO2 e/(household·day), respectively. The larger households spent more time for cooking, while their consumption rate was similar (1.3 kg/h) to that of smaller households. High indoor CO2 emissions in the morning and evening hours due to high firewood consumption may pose severe health risks to the inhabitants. Therefore, intensive awareness programs and pollution control programs are suggested for improving indoor air quality and health condition of the rural population.
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Belén, Zárate Rivero, and Gas-Aixendri Montserrat. "Family as a Source of Intergenerational Solidarity. Special Attitude to Senior Societies: Example of Spain." Logos et Praxis, no. 4 (December 2019): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2018.4.11.
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Methodological basis of the study includes approaches to intergenerational solidarity. The following issues were studied: stability of family values, processes of mutual assistance and solidarity between different generations, family impact on the individual well-being of its members, main conflicts arising in the family, family and friendly relations, attitude to other generations, gratitude and sense of equality, health, leisure, using ICT, availability of paid work, participation in social and political as well as volunteer activities, social capital, idea of oldness etc. The quota sampling (sample size - 629 interviews) was based on the distribution of elderly population aged 65 to 74 years in Spain (including the islands). The only distortion of the theoretical sampling was inability to build it on quotas that would accurately reflect the distribution of the selected age population with children, since official statistic data are unavailable to the public on the number of parents with children by age group. Locations of interviews were chosen randomly, taking into account the distribution of the elderly population aged 65 to 74 years across the country, divided into autonomous regions (17) and locations (5 types). Selection process was based on 85 indicators. Territorial areas and within them streets for interviews were also randomly selected according to each indicator within the selected locations. Numbers of buildings and floors were chosen randomlyto search for individuals matching the sampling (meeting the quota requirements), and then they were interviewed. The following conclusion was made: the value of individualism is growing in society, family solidarity helps older people to overcome many psychological and social problems.
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Wagiman, Khairul Rijal, and Mohd Noor Abdullah. "Intelligent Lighting Control System for Energy Savings in Office Building." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp195-202.
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Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.<em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.</span></em>
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El-Awadly, Radwa Amr, and Ahmed A. Abdel-Rehim. "Performance and Economical Analysis of Different Insulating Materials Used to Reduce the Heat Load of an Existing Residential Building." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (February 26, 2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.16.
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The energy consumption from the residential sector is an important element which has an impact on the total energy consumption in any country. The heating and air conditioning loads can be reduced through many means. Using thermal insulation in buildings does not only contribute in reducing the required air conditioning system size, but also in reducing the annual energy cost for the whole building. In this case, the energy saving varies according to the building type, the climatic conditions at which the building is located as well as the type of the insulating material used. In the present study, an existing single family house has been studied by applying two main solutions to insulate the walls and the roof using six different materials on the exterior walls that have the most heat gain, such as silica aerogel, polystyrene foam boards (XPS), spray cork, glass ceramic, cool coating enforced by phase change material (PCM), and straw boards. The study took place in El-Shorouk city, Egypt. The energy analysis was estimated by using TRNSYS simulation for the total internal house loads in summer season (June, July, and August) to be 13410 kW. The prototype house is about 300 m2 on two floors and a roof. The results showed that the aerogel has the best insulation followed by XPS then straw boards and glass ceramic which have efficiencies of 48.33%, 38.36%,36.46% and 34.38%. Because of its economical and environmental aspects, straw boards were selected to apply further investigations to indicate the relative efficiencies for the offered solution with the corresponding cost analysis.
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Ciputra, Alfian Rizal Andre, Pitri Ermawati, and Syaifudin Syaifudin. "Pecinan Tambak Bayan Surabaya Dalam Fotografi Dokumenter." spectā: Journal of Photography, Arts, and Media 3, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/specta.v3i1.2837.
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Documentary Photography of Chinatown in Tambak Bayan Surabaya. Chinese etchnic of Surabaya has been living in the settlement, called Tambak Bayan Surabaya, around Kalimas River. Most of the families living there are the third and fourth generation of the Chinese ethnic whom migrated to Surabaya several years ago. Those families occupied the buildings formerly were horse stables during colonial period. Their economic condition was classified as middle to lower class. Hence, they did not have other choices but those settlements. Documentary photography is a way to describe their everyday conditions in a 4x4 quadrangle house that is high. Chinese identities that surround their homes are each the size of each family inhabiting the house. The families residing in Chinatown Tambak Bayan Surabaya can be visualized into several documentary photographic works showing their condition and their dwelling places. Keywords: documentary photography, Chinatown’s Tambak Bayan Surabaya, Chinese New year
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Марченко, B. "THE SOVIET POLITICAL AND LEGAL RULES AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF THE FORMALITY OF THE MILITARY UKRAINIAN VILLAGE." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11940.
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The given article deals with the influence of Soviet political and legal regulations on the everyday life of a post-war Ukrainian village. The level of topic development in the scientific literature was analyzed. A considerable source group consists of materials, connected with the party and economic documents. They give an opportunity to find out those aspects of rural everyday life, which deals with the peasants’ manufacturing life, tangible security, village specialists supporting, etc. It was found that there were statutory regulations, that determined the permissible size properties. Excessive land was divested from the peasants, which caused their resistance and indignation. Therefore, it influenced the family’s nutrition. It was revealed that the decree of 1948, according to which the agricultural tax rate increased, affected negatively to the financial possibilities of the peasant family. Before this decree, families whose relatives died in the war and did not have able-bodied workers, except for widows, especially with children under the age of 8, were completely exempt from tax. Now they had to pay 50% of the tax. The laws concerning the production sphere of the village were analyzed. For example, the decree «About the eviction of people who viciously evade work in agriculture and lead an antisocial, parasitic lifestyle from the Ukrainian SSR» should have influenced the peasants’ attitude to work in the collective farm. It empowered the local authorities to settle the issue of exportation outside the village, the republic of virtually any peasant farmer who did not work minimum hours, as well as the residents of the village who were not members of the collective farm through the collective farms and village gatherings. In making a decision, often reasons were not usually taken into account. A significant number of sentences was unfair. The problem of the rehabilitation of rural housing was considered. In 1945. a decree was adopted, named «About the construction of residential buildings of collective farmers, industrial buildings, cultural and household structures in the countryside». It shifted the main construction works, including the provision of building materials, to the collective farms.
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Henn, Tamás, and Róbert W. Pál. "Evaluation of desiccated and deformed diaspores from natural building materials." Ethnobiology Letters 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2015): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.6.1.2015.229.
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With the increasing sophistication of paleoethnobotanical methods, it is now possible to reconstruct new aspects of the day-to-day life of past peoples, and, ultimately, gain information about their cultivated plants, land-use practices, architecture, diet, and trade. Reliable identification of plant remains, however, remains essential to the study of paleoethnobotany, and there is still much to learn about precise identification. This paper describes and evaluates the most frequent types of deformed desiccated diaspores revealed from adobe bricks used in buildings in Southwestern Hungary that were built primarily between 1850 and 1950. A total of 24,634 diaspores were recovered from 333.05 kg adobe samples. These seeds and fruits belong to 303 taxa, and the majority were arable and ruderal weed species. A total of 98.97% of the diaspores were identified to species. In other cases, identification was possible only to genus or family (0.93% and 0.10% of diaspores, respectively). Difficulties in identification were caused mainly by morphological changes in the size, shape, color, and surface features of diaspores. Most diaspores were darker in color and significantly smaller than fresh or recently desiccated seeds and fruits. Surface features were often absent or fragmented. The most problematic seeds to identify were those of Centaurea cyanus, Consolida regalis, Scleranthus annuus and Daucus carota ssp. carota, which are discussed in detail. Our research aids archaeobotanists in the identification of desiccated and deformed diaspores.
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Sušanj Protić, Tea. "O urbanizmu Osora nakon 1450. godine." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.931.
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he renovation of Adriatic towns under Venetian rule included all major urban settlements on the islands in the Quarnero Gulf. The size of Osor, the Roman centre of the Cres-Lošinj group of islands, radically decreased during this period. The scholarship holds that the town of Cres started to grow in the second half of the fifteenth century while Osor fell into disrepair. Apart from the new Renaissance Cathedral, other late Gothic and Renaissance buildings in Osor have never been thoroughly studied, partly because their state of preservation is modest and party because of the deep-seated opinion that the fifteenth century was only an epilogue to Osor’s great past. As a consequence, no basic analysis of local architecture has ever been done and the urban layout of historic Osor is not very well known. The causes of Osor’s demise, on the other hand, are well known. The population was decimated by illness and the town itself was destroyed by wars in the fourteenth century. Furthermore, maritime navigation changed from coastal to that accustomed to the open sea and Osor lost the strategic importance it held when it came to sailing along the Adriatic. The relocation of the local Count to Cres, frequently underlined as one of the key moments in the history of Osor’s decline and dated to 1450, does not seem to be as fateful as the reduced number of its inhabitants and the loss of naval and trading significance. The relocation created a dual government of sorts and a bimunicipal county was established. The historical importance of Osor as a traditional seat of power was paramount to Venice and the town maintained the prestige it had acquired during the Roman period as a town which controlled a large territory. In the mid-fifteenth century Osor was a building site: architectural structures were maintained, repaired and built anew. In the fourteenth century, a Gothic church of St Gaudentius was constructed on the main street and in the first half of the fifteenth century the Town Hall was built on the site of the ancient Roman curia. Until now, it was held that the reason for the construction of the new cathedral was the bisection of Osor which occurred in the mid-fifteenth century when the new fortification walls – with a reduced catchment area –were erected and so excluded the old cathedral from the perimeter. However, the decision to reduce the circumference of the new walls was made only in the last quarter of the fifteenth century, that is, after the foundations for the new cathedral had been laid. This means that the plans drawn up in the second half of the fifteenth century covered a larger area than previouslt thought and that they were done during the pontificate of Bishop Antun Palčić who was originally from Pag and who witnessed first-hand the building of the new town of Pag. A decree of 1581 records the construction of the town walls at Cres and Osor. The new fortification walls of Cres were being built throughout the sixteenth century and so it is likely that the transversal wall at Osor was constructed at the same time as the new walls at Cres, during the sixteenth century. The building of the new wall was not an ambitious feat of fortification construction but a simple encircling of the remodelled town centre. The new wall was just a consequence of urban reorganization and its direction was determined by the pre-existing defence buildings which were utilised and incorporated in the new addition. In the late fifteenth century, the main town square was fully developed and surrounded by the most important public and religious buildings. The Town Hall stood on the south-east corner and the new cathedral was built on the square’s south side. The Episcopal Palace extended along the entire west flank of the square. The Palace’s long and narrow east wing, facing the square, connected the two main wings of the complex. Despite its modest role as nothing more than a link, the east front was the widest part of the Palace and closed the square’s west side, respecting the new, small-scale urban layout of Osor. The north-east corner of the complex is decorated with an engaged colonette topped by a leaf capital. Its counterpart can be found on a building at the opposite side of the square, which was subsequently heavily rebuilt. These corresponding engaged colonettes indicate that the architects wanted to create a meaningful urban space. The north side of the square no longer exists in its original shape. In the mid-fifteenth century, this area was occupied by religious buildings traces of which can be seen in the present-day modest houses. These traces are mostly elements of Gothic decoration and so it can be concluded that this side of the square featured Gothic structures. The analysis of the architecture on the main square demonstrates that it there were consecutive building phases and that the Cathedral was the last building to be built. There was no unifying stylistic concept; the buildings on the square were either Gothic or Renaissance. This does not reduce the importance of this feat of public building because the Episcopal Palace and Osor Cathedral were built at the same time, by the same master builders, for the same patron, the difference being that the former in the Gothic and the latter in the Renaissance style. This, in my opinion, means that the value of the main square at Osor should not be assessed through stylistic unity but by considering the harmonious spatial relationships between its structures, the attention given to their design, their role as public buildings and the balance achieved by adapting the newly built structures to the pre-existing ones. It is well known that the late fifteenth century was the time when traditional Gothic decoration was used alongside new Renaissance forms and so the stylistic inconsistency apparent in Osor’s main square was done in the spirit of time. The remodelling of the town centre lasted for the whole century and the town was also well maintained in the period that followed. Archival records tell us that a grain store was built in the late fifteenth century but nothing is known about its location or appearance. Despite the efforts and large-scale building campaigns of public and religious architecture, the migration of able-bodied people looking for work continued and Osor was gradually transformed into an occasional dwelling place of the nobility and the clergy – a town of the Church and aristocracy. Today, Osor is a town with low-density architecture. The legacy of medieval town building can be seen only in the row of houses that face the main street. They are huddled together and arranged around communal courtyards, which is a characteristic of local medieval town planning on the island of Cres. The most prominent residential building is the palazzetto of the Draža family, an old noble family of Osor. The location of the Draža house and its spatial relationship with the surrounding, more modest houses, implies that it embodied the medieval concept of densely built town blocks dominated by a single aristocratic building. Other aristocratic houses at Osor are more isolated and surrounded by green spaces. These large green areas were once occupied by Roman and medieval houses and insulae. Following the late middle ages, the decaying architectural structures were not repaired but used to create gardens: their perimeter walls were neatly re-arranged and became the dividing walls between different gardens while the spaces they contained were filled with a layer of soil, as archaeological test pits have shown. Apart from large gardens and courtyards, the residential character of Osor as an aristocratic resort is attested by the Latin inscriptions on the building façades but also by the written records about noble families which possessed estates in both Cres and Osor during the period that followed the formation of the bimunicipal county in the fifteenth century. All these events created a set of specific characteristics in Osor during the late fifteenth and the sixteenth century. Its importance as the seat of a commune and a bishop was reflected in the main town square which was planned in the spirit of the Renaissance and according to the redesign of towns under the Venetian rule. The medieval legacy is still evident in the buildings on the main street which are densely huddled around communal courtyards and which centre around dominant aristocratic houses. In contract to them, large gardens and the aforementioned historic circumstances indicate that Osor was a residential resort of the local nobility. From the fifteenth century onward, the most frequently recorded features of Osor were its decay and mala aria (bad air). Nevertheless, as late as 1771, Alberto Fortis described it as the only town on the island of Cres to have kept the legacy of its noble past. In addition to the aforementioned Gothic and Renaissance elements of architectural decoration, many more were rebuilt into later houses. They are as frequent as the Roman and early medieval spolia and were reused in the same manner. Their existence witnesses that Osor had had another important historic phase in its long life.
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Abdillah, Olvi Verdian, Hefrizal Handra, and Adrimas Adrimas. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT." Jurnal Benefita 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jbe.v4i3.4502.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EN-US">This study aims to analyze the factors that affect of the Local Own-Source Revenue (OSR) in West Sumatra. As for the data used is the data panel, which is the combination of time series data for 2010-2017 and cross-section data in 19 regencies/city in West Sumatra. Based on the the regression test using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) obtained results that all of the three independent variables are significantly affect to OSR. On the other hand, based on the partial test, obtained that only dummy variables which representing the policy of transfer authority to managing of rural and urban land and buildings taxes (PBB-P2) from the central government to the local government does not significantly affect the OSR, while the two other variables per-capita GDRP and the number of electric customers partially significantly affect PAD.</span></em></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span></em></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EN-US">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Sumatera Barat. Adapun data yang digunakan merupakan data panel, yaitu kombinasi data time series tahun 2010-2017 dan data cross-section pada 19 Kabupaten/Kota di Sumatera Barat. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi menggunakan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) diperoleh hasil bahwa secara bersama-sama ketiga variabel bebas signifikan mempengaruhi PAD.Sementara pada uji parsial diperoleh hasil bahwa hanya variabel dummy yang mewakili kebijakan transfer kewenangan pengelolaan Pajak Bumi Bangunan Pedesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) dari pusat ke daerah tidak signifikan mempengaruhi PAD, sementara dua variabel bebas lainnya yaitu PDRB Perkapita dan jumlah pelanggan listrik secara parsial signifikan mempengaruhi PAD.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">ABSTR</span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EN-US">ACT</span></em></strong><strong></strong></p><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" lang="EN-US">This study aims to analyze the factors that affect of the Local Own-Source Revenue (OSR) in West Sumatra. As for the data used is the data panel, which is the combination of time series data for 2010-2017 and cross-section data in 19 regencies/city in West Sumatra. Based on the the regression test using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) obtained results that all of the three independent variables are significantly affect to OSR. On the other hand, based on the partial test, obtained that only dummy variables which representing the policy of transfer authority to managing of rural and urban land and buildings taxes (PBB-P2) from the central government to the local government does not significantly affect the OSR, while the two other variables per-capita GDRP and the number of electric customers partially significantly affect PAD.</span></em>
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Sušanj Protić, Tea. "O urbanizmu Osora nakon 1450. godine." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.520.
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The renovation of Adriatic towns under Venetian rule included all major urban settlements on the islands in the Quarnero Gulf. The size of Osor, the Roman centre of the Cres-Lošinj group of islands, radically decreased during this period. The scholarship holds that the town of Cres started to grow in the second half of the fifteenth century while Osor fell into disrepair. Apart from the new Renaissance Cathedral, other late Gothic and Renaissance buildings in Osor have never been thoroughly studied, partly because their state of preservation is modest and party because of the deep-seated opinionthat the fifteenth century was only an epilogue to Osor’s great past. As a consequence, no basic analysis of local architecture has ever been done and the urban layout of historic Osor is not very well known. The causes of Osor’s demise, on the other hand, are well known. The population was decimated by illness and the town itself was destroyed by wars in the fourteenth century. Furthermore, maritime navigation changed from coastal to that accustomed to the open sea and Osor lost the strategic importance it held when it came to sailing along the Adriatic. The relocation of the local Count to Cres, frequently underlined as one of the key moments in the history of Osor’s decline and dated to 1450, does not seem to be as fateful as the reduced numberof its inhabitants and the loss of naval and trading significance. The relocation created a dual government of sorts and a bimunicipal county was established. The historical importance of Osor as a traditional seat of power was paramount to Venice and the town maintained the prestige it had acquired during the Roman period as a town which controlled a large territory.In the mid-fifteenth century Osor was a building site: architectural structures were maintained, repaired and built anew. In the fourteenth century, a Gothic church of St Gaudentius was constructed on the main street and in the first half of the fifteenth century the Town Hall was built on the site of the ancient Roman curia. Until now, it was held that the reason for the construction of thenew cathedral was the bisection of Osor which occurred in the mid-fifteenth century when the new fortification walls – with a reduced catchment area –were erected and so excluded the old cathedral from the perimeter. However, the decision to reduce the circumference of the new walls was made only in the last quarter of the fifteenth century, that is, after the foundations for the new cathedral had been laid. This means that the plans drawn up in the second half of the fifteenth century covered a larger area than previouslt thought and that they were done during the pontificate of Bishop Antun Palčić who wasoriginally from Pag and who witnessed first-hand the building of the new town of Pag. A decree of 1581 records the construction of the town walls at Cres and Osor. The new fortification walls of Cres were being built throughout the sixteenth century and so it is likely that the transversal wall at Osor was constructed at the same time as the new walls at Cres, during thesixteenth century. The building of the new wall was not an ambitious feat of fortification construction but a simple encircling of the remodelled town centre. The new wall was just a consequence of urban reorganization and its directionwas determined by the pre-existing defence buildings which were utilised and incorporated in the new addition. In the late fifteenth century, the main town square was fully developed and surrounded by the most importantpublic and religious buildings. The Town Hall stood on the south-east corner and the new cathedral was built on the square’s south side. The Episcopal Palace extended along the entire west flank of the square. The Palace’s long andnarrow east wing, facing the square, connected the two main wings of the complex. Despite its modest role as nothing more than a link, the east front was the widest part of the Palace and closed the square’s west side, respecting the new, small-scale urban layout of Osor. The north-east corner of the complex is decorated with an engaged colonette topped by a leaf capital. Its counterpart can be found on a building at the opposite side of the square, which was subsequently heavily rebuilt. These corresponding engaged colonettes indicate that the architects wanted to create a meaningful urban space. The north side of the square no longer exists in its original shape. In the mid-fifteenth century, this area was occupied by religious buildings traces of which can be seen in the present-day modest houses. These traces are mostly elements of Gothic decoration and so it can be concluded that this side of the square featured Gothic structures. The analysis of the architecture on the main square demonstrates that it there were consecutive building phases and that the Cathedral was the last building to be built. There was no unifying stylistic concept; the buildings on the square were either Gothic or Renaissance. This does not reduce the importance of this feat of public building because the Episcopal Palace and Osor Cathedral were built at the same time, by the same master builders, for the same patron, the difference being that the former in the Gothic and the latter in the Renaissance style. This, in my opinion, means that the value of the main square at Osor should not be assessed throughstylistic unity but by considering the harmonious spatial relationships between its structures, the attention given to their design, their role as public buildings and the balance achieved by adapting the newly built structures tothe pre-existing ones. It is well known that the late fifteenth century was the time when traditional Gothic decoration was used alongside new Renaissance forms and so the stylistic inconsistency apparent in Osor’s main squarewas done in the spirit of time. The remodelling of the town centre lasted for the whole century and the town was also well maintained in the period that followed. Archival records tell us that a grain store was built inthe late fifteenth century but nothing is known about its location or appearance.Despite the efforts and large-scale building campaigns of public and religious architecture, the migration of able-bodied people looking for work continued and Osor was gradually transformed into an occasional dwelling place of the nobility and the clergy – a town of the Church and aristocracy. Today, Osor is a town with low-density architecture. The legacy of medieval town buildingcan be seen only in the row of houses that face the main street. They are huddled together and arranged around communal courtyards, which is a characteristic of local medieval town planning on the island of Cres. The mostprominent residential building is the palazzetto of the Draža family, an old noble family of Osor. The location of the Draža house and its spatial relationship with the surrounding, more modest houses, implies that it embodied the medieval concept of densely built town blocks dominated by a single aristocratic building. Other aristocratic houses at Osor are more isolated and surrounded by green spaces. These large green areas were once occupied by Roman and medieval houses and insulae. Following the late middle ages, the decaying architectural structures were not repaired butused to create gardens: their perimeter walls were neatly re-arranged and became the dividing walls between different gardens while the spaces they contained were filled with a layer of soil, as archaeological test pits have shown. Apart from large gardens and courtyards, the residential character of Osor as an aristocratic resort is attested by the Latin inscriptions on the building façades but also by the written records about noble familieswhich possessed estates in both Cres and Osor during the period that followed the formation of the bimunicipal county in the fifteenth century.All these events created a set of specific characteristics in Osor during the late fifteenth and the sixteenth century. Its importance as the seat of a commune and a bishop was reflected in the main town square which was planned in the spirit of the Renaissance and according to the redesign of towns under the Venetian rule. The medieval legacy is still evident in the buildings on the main street which are densely huddled around communal courtyards and which centre around dominant aristocratic houses. In contract to them, large gardens and the aforementioned historic circumstances indicate that Osor was a residential resort of the local nobility. From the fifteenth century onward, the most frequently recorded features of Osor were its decay and mala aria (bad air). Nevertheless, as late as 1771, Alberto Fortis described it as the only town on the island of Cres to have kept the legacy of its noble past. In addition to the aforementioned Gothic and Renaissance elements of architecturaldecoration, many more were rebuilt into later houses. They are as frequent as the Roman and early medieval spolia and were reused in the same manner. Their existence witnesses that Osor had had another important historic phase in its long life.
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Wang, Wenjie, Bo Zhang, Lu Xiao, Wei Zhou, Huimei Wang, and Xingyuan He. "Decoupling forest characteristics and background conditions to explain urban-rural variations of multiple microclimate regulation from urban trees." PeerJ 6 (August 16, 2018): e5450. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5450.
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Background Rapid urbanization in semi-arid regions necessitates greater cooling, humidifying, and shading services from urban trees, but maximizing these services requires an exact understanding of their association with forest characteristics and background street and weather conditions. Methods Here, horizontal and vertical air cooling, soil cooling, shading, and humidifying effects were measured for 605 trees from 152 plots in Changchun. Additionally, weather conditions (Tair, relative humidity, and light intensity), forest characteristics (tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), under-branch height, canopy size, tree density, and taxonomic family of trees) and background conditions (percentage of building, road, green space, water, and building height, building distance to measured trees) were determined for three urban-rural gradients for ring road development, urban settlement history, and forest types. Multiple analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to find the urban-rural changes, while redundancy ordination and variation partitioning were used for decoupling the complex associations among microclimate regulations, forest characteristics, background street and weather conditions. Results Our results show that horizontal cooling and humidifying differences between canopy shade and full sunshine were <4.5 °C and <9.4%, respectively; while vertical canopy cooling was 1.4 °C, and soil cooling was observed in most cases (peak at 1.4 °C). Pooled urban-rural data analysis showed non-monological changes in all microclimate-regulating parameters, except for a linear increase in light interception by the canopy (r2 = 0.45) from urban center to rural regions. Together with the microclimate regulating trends, linear increases were observed in tree density, Salicaceae percentage, Tair, light intensity outside forests, tree distance to surrounding buildings, and greenspace percentage. Redundancy ordination demonstrated that weather differences were mainly responsible for the microclimate regulation variation we observed (unique explanatory power, 65.4%), as well as background conditions (12.1%), and forest characteristics (7.7%). Discussion In general, horizontal cooling, shading, and humidifying effects were stronger in dry, hot, and sunny weather. The effects were stronger in areas with more buildings of relatively lower height, a higher abundance of Ulmaceae, and a lower percentage of Leguminosae and Betulaceae. Larger trees were usually associated with a larger cooling area (a smaller difference per one unit distance from the measured tree). Given uncontrollable weather conditions, our findings highlighted street canyon and forest characteristics that are important in urban microclimate regulation. This paper provides a management strategy for maximizing microclimate regulation using trees, and methodologically supports the uncoupling of the complex association of microclimate regulations in fast urbanization regions.
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Mannan, Sayyad, J. Paul Knox, and Sumit Basu. "Correlations between axial stiffness and microstructure of a species of bamboo." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 160412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160412.
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Bamboo is a ubiquitous monocotyledonous flowering plant and is a member of the true grass family Poaceae . In many parts of the world, it is widely used as a structural material especially in scaffolding and buildings. In spite of its wide use, there is no accepted methodology for standardizing a species of bamboo for a particular structural purpose. The task of developing structure–property correlations is complicated by the fact that bamboo is a hierarchical material whose structure at the nanoscopic level is not very well explored. However, we show that as far as stiffness is concerned, it is possible to obtain reliable estimates of important structural properties like the axial modulus from the knowledge of certain key elements of the microstructure. Stiffness of bamboo depends most sensitively on the size and arrangement of the fibre sheaths surrounding the vascular bundles and the arrangement of crystalline cellulose microfibrils in their secondary cell walls. For the species of bamboo studied in this work, we have quantitatively determined the radial gradation that the arrangement of fibres renders to the structure. The arrangement of the fibres gives bamboo a radially graded property variation across its cross section.
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Opačić, Vuk Tvrtko. "Vikendice na otoku Krku - prostorni raspored i strukturna obilježja vlasnika." Geoadria 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.567.
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The period of the conversion of the existing and abandoned residential dwellings into second homes (mostly in 1960s and 1970s) on the island of Krk, as well as along the whole stretch of the Croatian littoral, was followed by the period of the construction of purpose-built dwellings for vacation and recreation, i.e. of family weekend-houses (in 1970s and 1980s). This was manifested through the purchase and conversion of agricultural land into building sites which initially targeted the most desirable locations along the coast of the island, and later less desirable locations in the island hinterland. From mid 1990s onwards the island of Krk, and especially certain parts of it, experienced a more intensive construction of multi-apartment buildings for vacation and recreation which brought about radical geographical transformation. The study analyses the characteristics of the recent developmental dynamics of the second home phenomenon on the island of Krk as a representative case study of a receiving second home region within the Croatian littoral. The study is based on the analysis of the spatial distribution of dwellings for vacation and recreation and the comparison of their number with the number of dwellings for permanent occupancy. In order to achieve a more accurate picture of the intensity and directions of the second home mobility which exists among emissive and receiving second home regions, an analysis is provided of the structural characteristics of the owners of second homes on Krk. They are grouped by the place of their permanent residence, the distance between the place of permanent residence and the receiving second home region and by the size of the place of permanent residence.
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Tognola, Gabriella, Emma Chiaramello, Marta Bonato, Isabelle Magne, Martine Souques, Serena Fiocchi, Marta Parazzini, and Paolo Ravazzani. "Cluster Analysis of Residential Personal Exposure to ELF Magnetic Field in Children: Effect of Environmental Variables." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224363.
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Personal exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF MF) in children is a very timely topic. We applied cluster analysis to 24 h indoor personal exposures of 884 children in France to identify possible common patterns of exposures. We investigated how electric networks near child home and other variables potentially affecting residential exposure, such as indoor sources of ELF MF, the age and type of the residence and family size, characterized the magnetic field exposure patterns. We identified three indoor personal exposure patterns: children living near overhead lines of high (63–150 kV), extra-high (225 kV) and ultra-high voltage (400 kV) were characterized by the highest exposures; children living near underground networks of low (400 V) and mid voltage (20 kV) and substations (20 kV/400 V) were characterized by mid exposures; children living far from electric networks had the lowest level of exposure. The harmonic component was not relevant in discriminating the exposure patterns, unlike the 50 Hz or broadband (40–800 Hz) component. Children using electric heating appliances, or living in big buildings or in larger families had generally a higher level of personal indoor exposure. Instead, the age of the residence was not relevant in differentiating the exposure patterns.
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Huang, Bin, Ke Xing, Stephen Pullen, and Lida Liao. "Exploring Carbon Neutral Potential in Urban Densification: A Precinct Perspective and Scenario Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124814.
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Decarbonising the urban built environment for reaching carbon neutrality is high on the agenda for many cities undergoing rapid expansion and densification. As an important urban form, precincts have been increasingly focused on as the context for urban redevelopment planning and at the forefront for trialling carbon reduction measures. However, due to interplays between the built forms and the occupancy, the carbon performance of a precinct is significantly affected by morphological variations, demographical changes, and renewable energy system deployment. Despite much research on the development of low-carbon precincts, there is limited analysis on aggregated effects of population growth, building energy efficiency, renewable energy penetration, and carbon reduction targets in relation to precinct carbon signature and carbon neutral potential for precinct redevelopment and decarbonisation planning. In this paper, an integrated carbon assessment model, including overall precinct carbon emissions and carbon offset contributed by precinct-scale renewable energy harvesting, is developed and applied to examine the lifecycle carbon signature of urban precincts. Using a case study on a residential precinct redevelopment, scenario analysis is employed to explore opportunities for decarbonising densification development and the carbon neutral potential. Results from scenario analysis indicate that redevelopment of buildings with higher-rated energy efficiency and increase of renewable energy penetration can have a long term positive impact on the carbon performance of urban precincts. Meanwhile, demographical factors in precinct evolution also have a strong influence on a precinct’s carbon neutral potential. Whilst population size exerts upward pressure on total carbon emissions, changes in family types and associated consumption behaviour, such as travelling, can make positive contributions to carbon reduction. The analysis also highlights the significance of embodied carbon to the total carbon signature and the carbon reduction potential of a precinct during densification, reinforcing the notion that “develop with less” is as important as carbon offsetting measures for decarbonising the precinct toward carbon neutrality.
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Grabar, Ivan, and Olga Grabar. "Influence of the stationary and perturbed state of the central force field on the fractal characteristics of the attractor." Scientific Horizons 23, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.23(11).2020.39-52.
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The paper states that the known algorithms for generating and constructing fractal sets can be significantly expanded through the family of new algorithms proposed by the authors. These algorithms are based on modelling the attractors of motion of a material point in the field N of central forces in a discrete formulation. When only one of these forces is accidentally switched on at any given time, the point attractor has a strictly fractal structure. It is shown that the perturbation of one or more of the N central forces leads to a change in the structure of the attractor. Thus, the areas of the attractor Dp , controlled by the perturbed forces, with an increase in the perturbation radius, evolve to the perturbation trajectory. For biharmonic perturbations, it is shown that these subsets belong to the inner region of the 2n–point. It has been established that for small values of the perturbation radius R the parameter n → ∞, and for large values of R the parameter n → 1. For the field of central forces in the form of matrices 2*2; 3*3; 5*5 the quantitative models n(2R/B; m) are constructed and their close correlation with the perturbation parameter R, the size of the side B of the square matrix of the field of central forces and the “gravitational” parameter m is shown. It is shown that the gnoseology of the proposed algorithms originates from the wellknown algorithm of M. Barnsley, but the physical and software components are significantly improved and developed. The proposed family of algorithms allows to expand the possibilities of generating original (exclusive) fractal sets up to ~ 1040… 1050 pieces. At the same time, it is possible to control the fractal dimension, porosity, specific gravity, aerodynamic and hydraulic resistance, noise, sound and thermal insulation properties, colour of individual subregions, etc. in a wide range of values. It is shown that a significant part of such fractal sets, especially those with a high degree of symmetry, can be useful for solving problems in the field of design, ergonomics and aesthetics, for decorating buildings, clothing, footwear, haberdashery, toys, as well as for creating puzzles, IQ-tests, etc.
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Sušanj Protić, Tea. "Renesansna kuća Moise u Cresu - rezultati konzervatorskih istraživanja 2011. godne." Ars Adriatica, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.501.
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The Renaissance residential architecture in the town of Cres is represented by a small number of preserved houses (palazzetti) of the local nobility which are attributed to the established stone-cutting workshop grouped around master Francesco Marangonich, a Lombard stone-cutter who arrived at Cres from the building sites of Venice and introduced Renaissance stylistic elements on the Quarnero islands. The best-known Renaissance residential building at Cres is the Marcello-Petris house which was built in the 1510s for the Minister Provincial and Bishop, Friar Antun Marcello-Petris. The Renaissance houses of the Cres nobility are characterized by their relatively large size, ashlar masonry, and the strict rhythm of the decorated openings on the representative facades. One of such buildings is the Moise house, situated in the medieval centre of the town, at a prominent site where the two main streets of the time crossed. Documents from the archive of the Franciscan monastery at Cres witness that in 1441, “Ser Andrea Moisenich” exchanged a garden for the house of “Nobilis Ser Stefano de Petris”, who had the Petris palace built before 1405, meaning that the present-day Moise house might be identified with the old Petris palace. It features the coats of arms of these two families from the same period, and, therefore, it could have functioned as a shared residence of both families, which was frequently the case in Venice, for example, when it came to large palaces with two residential floors and two courtyards, which are both elements of the Moise house. The Moise house is the largest residential building of Renaissance Cres and, through its size, it can be compared to prominent examples of large palaces in Dalmatian towns. It has not been the subject of scholarly and expert research because of its many alterations, the relatively poor preservation of its original features, and the loss of its representative appearance, all of which means that its basic characteristics remained unknown. Conservation works revealed the layout of its ground plan and established that it was conceived as an emulation of the Venetian model, with a central hall and four lateral chambers. These features set the Moise house apart from other Renaissance residential buildings at Cres as the only one which adopted and displayed the high Renaissance symmetry of ground plan, which is also reflected on the representative facade. Analysis of the plaster samples taken from the walls has resulted in their stratigraphy, which confirms the hypothesis that all the walls of the central salone were painted a secco in the seventeenth century.The conservation works carried out on the representative facade unveiled the position of the Renaissance windows, which indicates that the articulating rhythm was two single-light windows – a double-light window – two single-light windows, which was corroborated by the discovery of the dressed inner window splays. Such an arrangement was common practice in Venetian Gothic residential architecture but, in the territory of present-day Croatia, it gained prominence only in the Renaissance, and the Moise house is the only example of this at Cres. The second floor of the Moise house repeated the plan of the first, which implies that originally there would have been two sumptuous storeys. The vaulted rooms on the ground floor did not communicate with one another but formed separate units in a direct relationship with the street or courtyards and it is likely that they had a utilitarian function as shops or storage spaces, having no vertical communication inside the house with the residential floors, which were connected by means of a single flight staircase. The building had two representative courtyards; the west one gave way to subsequent additions but it was recorded in the Land Registry as early as 1821. On the ground floor, the courtyard had a porch with two arches above which was a gallery with a balustrade, traces of which were discovered through test-probes in the floor. In the small east courtyard, the remains of the Renaissance porch, supported by the excellently carved pillars have been preserved, while in the floor under the staircase vault, a circular, finely-dressed stone opening belonging to a well was found; its well head is today located on the ground floor of the house. The two representative courtyards are an exception in the densely-knit urban texture of Cres, which places the Moise house in a wider context of Renaissance residential architecture in the Adriatic. Its local variety would be the positioning of the well under the vault of the staircase, which is characteristic of the vernacular architecture in medieval Cres. In comparison to other similar buildings at Cres, the Moise house is unique in that it is the only Renaissance house of the nobility with a regular plan; other Renaissance houses are of a mostly irregular quadrangular plan, including the most representative example of the palazzetto of the Cres nobility, the Marcello-Petris house. The Moise house is also the only building to have a symmetrical interior layout, which resonates with the symmetrical articulation of the representative facade, while in the case of the Marcello-Petris house, the consistent rhythm of the richly decorated windows in the south facade are a screen of sorts placed before the asymmetrically-arranged interior space.The construction of such a large building, at a dominant position in the medieval core can be explained by the role of the original commissioners, the Petris family, as the most prominent noble family at Cres, while the credit for the contemporary Renaissance organization of the interior – with the only extant example of a central representative hall in the Renaissance residential architecture at Cres – belongs to the builders, who had already demonstrated knowledge of contemporary Venetian models on the well-known portal of the collegiate church at Cres.The Moise house was marginalized in previous overviews of the Renaissance residential architecture because of the modest state of preservation of its Renaissance stone sculpture. The results of the conservation works, and the analysis of the spatial organization, ground plan, and location of this building, but also the analysis of historical records, should contribute to a clearer perception of the Moise house in the context of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century residential architecture on the east Adriatic coast, and to a re-assessment of its diminished representative importance, the value which is hidden in the architectural structure, concept and context, within the frame of the urban texture of medieval Cres.
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Heilmann, Rachel MF, Stephanie M. Campbell, Beverly A. Kroner, Jenel R. Proksel, Sarah J. Billups, Daniel M. Witt, and Dennis K. Helling. "Evolution, Current Structure, and Role of a Primary Care Clinical Pharmacy Service in an Integrated Managed Care Organization." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 47, no. 1 (January 2013): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1r495.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of the declining number of primary care physicians is exacerbated by a growing elderly population in need of chronic disease management. Primary care clinical pharmacy specialists, with their unique knowledge and skill set, are well suited to address this gap. At Kaiser Permanente of Colorado (KPCO), primary care clinical pharmacy specialists have a long history of integration with medical practices and are located in close proximity to physicians, nurses, and other members of the health care team. Since 1992, Primary Care Clinical Pharmacy Services (PCCPS) has expanded from 4 to 30 full-time equivalents (FTEs) to provide services in all KPCO medical office buildings. With this growth in size, PCCPS has evolved to play a vital role in working with primary care medical teams to ensure that drug therapy is effective, safe, and affordable. In addition, PCCPS specialists provide ambulatory teaching sites for pharmacy students and pharmacy residents. There is approximately 1 specialist FTE for every 13,000 adult KPCO members and every 9 clinical FTEs of internal medicine and family medicine physicians. All clinical pharmacy specialists in the pharmacy department are required to have a PharmD degree, to complete postgraduate year 2 residencies, and, as a condition of employment, to become board certified in an applicable specialty. The evolution, current structure, and role of PCCPS at KPCO, including factors facilitating successful integration within the medical team, are highlighted. Patient and nonpatient care responsibilities are described.
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Alqaed, Saeed, Jawed Mustafa, Kevin P. Hallinan, and Rodwan Elhashmi. "Hybrid CHP/Geothermal Borehole System for Multi-Family Building in Heating Dominated Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 7772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187772.
Full textAbstract:
A conventional ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) can be used to supplement heat rejection or extraction, creating a hybrid system that is cost-effective for certainly unbalanced climes. This research explores the possibility for a hybrid GCHP to use excess heat from a combined heat power (CHP) unit of natural gas in a heating-dominated environment for smart cities. A design for a multi-family residential building is considered, with a CHP sized to meet the average electrical load of the building. The constant electric output of the CHP is used directly, stored for later use in a battery, or sold back to the grid. Part of the thermal output provides the building with hot water, and the rest is channeled into the GCHP borehole array to support the building’s large heating needs. Consumption and weather data are used to predict hourly loads over a year for a specific multi-family residence. Simulations of the energies exchanged between system components are performed, and a cost model is minimized over CHP size, battery storage capacity, number of boreholes, and depth of the borehole. Results indicate a greater cost advantage for the design in a severely heated (Canada) climate than in a moderately imbalanced (Ohio) climate.
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Goldberg, Louise F., and Garrett Mosiman. "THE ENERGY SAVINGS POTENTIAL OF OPTIMIZED SLAB-ON-GRADE FOUNDATION INSULATION RETROFITS." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 116–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.3.116.
Full textAbstract:
A recently developed 3-dimensional earth contact simulation program that operates as a subroutine of the EnergyPlus whole building energy simulation program was used to evaluate the energy performance and cost-effectiveness of retrofit slab-on-grade (SOG) foundation insulation. An optimized retrofit insulation design utilizing hydro-vacuum excavation was developed that generated 8.4 % larger metered (or site) energy savings at a $428 lower cost than the IECC 2012 requirement in a Minneapolis, MN climate for a 400 ft2 test building. The energy performance and cost effectiveness of single and multi-family buildings was assessed for climate Zones 4 – 7. With reference to the Building America B10 benchmark, the highest site energy savings of 5 % was realized for a single family home in Duluth, MN, and the lowest savings of 1.4 % for a 4-unit townhouse in Richmond, VA. SOG foundation insulation retrofit simple paybacks ranged from 18 to 47 years. Thus it is likely that larger energy savings of 10% or more with concomitantly reduced simple paybacks can only be realized in well-insulated buildings.
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Watmough, Gary R., Charlotte L. J. Marcinko, Clare Sullivan, Kevin Tschirhart, Patrick K. Mutuo, Cheryl A. Palm, and Jens-Christian Svenning. "Socioecologically informed use of remote sensing data to predict rural household poverty." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 4 (January 7, 2019): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812969116.
Full textAbstract:
Tracking the progress of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targeting interventions requires frequent, up-to-date data on social, economic, and ecosystem conditions. Monitoring socioeconomic targets using household survey data would require census enumeration combined with annual sample surveys on consumption and socioeconomic trends. Such surveys could cost up to $253 billion globally during the lifetime of the SDGs, almost double the global development assistance budget for 2013. We examine the role that satellite data could have in monitoring progress toward reducing poverty in rural areas by asking two questions: (i) Can household wealth be predicted from satellite data? (ii) Can a socioecologically informed multilevel treatment of the satellite data increase the ability to explain variance in household wealth? We found that satellite data explained up to 62% of the variation in household level wealth in a rural area of western Kenya when using a multilevel approach. This was a 10% increase compared with previously used single-level methods, which do not consider details of spatial landscape use. The size of buildings within a family compound (homestead), amount of bare agricultural land surrounding a homestead, amount of bare ground inside the homestead, and the length of growing season were important predictor variables. Our results show that a multilevel approach linking satellite and household data allows improved mapping of homestead characteristics, local land uses, and agricultural productivity, illustrating that satellite data can support the data revolution required for monitoring SDGs, especially those related to poverty and leaving no one behind.
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Duś, Edward. "Allotment gardens and spatial development – two case studies from the Katowice conurbation, Poland." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Allotment gardens are a characteristic feature of the industrial landscape of Upper Silesia. The purpose of the study has been to present various aspects of allotment location in the urban landscape. A more than a 100-year-old development process has shaped the contemporary structure of the allotments which constitute a multi-functional part of the development. In the historical development, there have coexisted the following functions: economic, recreational, ecological, landscape and socio-educational. Under the existing administrative restrictions, they were developed as a result of an unfavourable economic situation and focused on food production. Allotment gardens usually developed without the interference of urban planners, which had, and still have, many organizational consequences. Distance from the centre is the main factor influencing the spatial distribution of allotment gardens in urban areas. The detailed location is determined by the environmental conditions and administrative decisions that are usually taken, albeit under pressure, due to the high demand for allotments. Distance-related profiles demonstrate the relationship between the distance from the centre and the share of allotments in the land surface as well as the size of the time-space changes resulting from the development of the city. In many cities, there are concentric concentration zones at a certain distance from the centre. Analysis has shown that allotments are quite clearly linked to the structural units of the city. Larger concentrations are formed on the outskirts of residential multi-family buildings. The results of the research confirm compliance with the design recommendations that the distance should not cause too much time loss for users.