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1
Gladiy, M. V., S. I. Kovtun, and M. G. Porkhun. "ANDRIY PETROVYCH KRUGLYAK – FAMOUS SCIENTIST AND PRACTITIONER IN THE FIELD OF SELECTION AND REPRODUCTION OF FARM ANIMALS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 62 (December 8, 2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.02.
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On December 20, 2021, Andriy Petrovich Kruglyak, a well-known scientist and leading researcher of the Department of Cattle Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding nd. a. M.V.Zubets of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, will turn 80 years old. The jubilee was born in the village of Kupchyntsi, Illinetsky district, Vinnytsia region, into a peasant family. In 1962 he graduated from the Illinetsky Agricultural Technical School, worked as a zootechnician-manager of a cattle farm of the Kamyanogirsky sugar factory of the Illinetsky district of the Vinnytsia region.
 After serving in the Soviet Army he studied at the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy: 1965–1970 – a student of the Faculty of Zootechnics, 1970–1972 – an intern at the Department of Farm Animal Breeding, where he worked under the guidance of Professors I. V. Smirnov and M. A. Kravchenko, 1972–1974 – graduate student of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy.
 In 1974 he defended his dissertation "Age features of the reproductive capacity of bulls in connection with the types of higher nervous activity" in the specialty 06.02.01 – breeding and selection of farm animals. He was awarded the title of senior researcher in 1980.
 1974–1976 – senior researcher at the Central Research Station for Artificial Insemination of Farm Animals. Since 1976, the scientific activity of A. P. Kruglyak is connected with the Ukrainian Research Institute of Breeding and Artificial Insemination of Cattle (now the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine), where he holds the position of senior researcher, head of the laboratory for reproduction of farm animals, and since 1996 – the laboratory for breeding red-white cattle and gene pool of breeds (now the department of Selection of Cattle).
 The scientific's research is aimed at further development of the breed process through the effective use of the world's best gene pool and improver breeders of domestic breeds, improvement of biotechnology methods for reproduction of farm animals and conservation of genetic resources of farm animals.
 On the initiative of A. P. Kruglyak in 1975, as a basis for the accelerated breeding of domestic dairy and beef breeds, technological and organizational method of conservation and rational use of local and endangered domestic breeds, the Bank of Genetic Resources of Cattle at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Breeding and Artificial Insemination of Cattle (t-n Brovary) was created, which concentrated the genetic material of prominent bulls of 50 breeds and breed combinations of the world. The operation of this bank has ensured the accelerated breeding of dairy and beef breeds of cattle in Ukraine through the effective use of the best world gene pool of specialized breeds on all improved breeds of the country as a whole and preservation of local gene pool of local Gray Ukrainian and White-headed Ukrainian breeds.Due to the accelerated implementation of scientific developments of scientists of the institute in selection using genetic material of the gene pool bank, at the personal request of A. P. Kruglyak, the bank of genetic resources was awarded the status of National Heritage (order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from August 19, 2002 № 472-r.).
 With the consent of NAAS and the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine in 2003–2007, A. P. Kruglyak headed the selection center "Genetic Resources". With his direct participation, the best in Europe breeding and technological center in cattle breeding has been built and the selection work, of which is aimed at improving dairy and beef breeds of cattle, was organized.
 From 2007 to 2011 he worked as a leading researcher at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, and from 2014 to the present – a leading researcher at the Department of Cattle Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine.
 Andriy Petrovich is a co-author of the first domestic specialized dairy – Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, its central, Carpathian intrabreed, Kyiv and Bukovyna factory types and 10th factory bloodlines.
 Dairy productivity of cows of the active part of the population for 305 days of the last completed lactation in 2020 was 7174 kg, and in the 12 best herds – 10.0–12.0 thousand kg, which corresponds to the level of productivity of cows in the most developed countries. During the last 10, creative collective of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. М.V.Zubets of NAAS of Ukraine and specialists of breeding plants of experience economies of NAAS of Ukraine state plant "Khrystynivske", "Nyva", "Hontarivka, the own plant "Agroecologija", LTD plant "Krok-Ukrzalizbud", LTD plant "Kolos", "Bohdanivske", breeding enterprises LTD plant "The Genetic resources", LTD "The Ukrainian genetic company", JSC "Poltavaplemservis" and PSC SPC "Progress", under scientifically-methodical guidance of Andriy Petrovich works on the leadingout of new high-performance protein- fet- dairy Leader 1926780 bloodline in the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, that now ratified Ministry development economy, trade, and agriculture (order № 2121 from 06.01.2021) as a breeding achievement in stock-breeding.
 He has prepared a number of original works on biotechnology of cattle breeding: is a co-author of recommendations for breeding, use and evaluation of bulls in complexes, instructions for grading cattle of dairy and dairy-beef breeds, artificial insemination of farm animals, developed a two-stage method of sperm thawing, long-term storage of thawed bull semen and native boar semen at positive temperatures, using the method of hypobiosis, developed and implemented at the Institute of Fisher Economy of NAAS of Ukraine method of freezing fisher gamets.
 A. P.Kruglyak's scientific achievements include more than 370 publications, including monographs, programs on breeding new breeds and types of cattle, reproduction of farm animals and preservation of the gene pool of breeds, sire catalogs, state books of breeding animals of cattle, articles in collections and periodicals, abstracts of reports, etc. Scientific achievements are protected by 17 copyright certificates and patents.
 Andriy Petrovich is a co-executor of international projects on selection and reproduction of animals, which were carried out together with scientists and practitioners from Canada, the USA, Switzerland and Poland.A. P. Kruglyak has long been a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine and the Academic Council of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine, a member of the editorial board of the scientific collection "Animal Breeding and Genetics" (1991–2006).
 Under the leadership of A. P. Kruglyak, 4 candidates of agricultural sciences, 16 graduates of the zootechnical faculty of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and more than 2,000 livestock specialists were trained. For the last 40 years he has been giving a course of lectures on selection and biotechnology of reproduction of farm animals at the School of Advanced Training of Livestock Specialists (t-n. Brovary).
 In 1993, A. P. Kruglyak was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology for the development of methods and breeding of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of cattle.
 By the decision of the Presidium of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine A. P. Kruglyak was awarded a memorable anniversary medal "100 years of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine". The Presidium of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the staff of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine sincerely congratulate dear Andriy Petrovich and wish him good health, creative longevity and further success in the scientific field!
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Myers, Caitlin Rose. "“I’m told I’m famous on the internet” – Henri the Cat and the Critical Possibility of Anthropomorphism." Humanimalia 6, no. 2 (2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9910.
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This paper examines the phenomenon of feline Youtube celebrity in the context of human/nonhuman animal interactions and the construction of the posthuman subject. I argue that “Henri,” or Henry, the Youtube star, presents the particularized difficulties of both human and nonhuman animals, including Derridean “nonpower,” manipulation through medium (virtual or otherwise), and the performativity of identity. While Derrida explicitly derides anthropomorphism as “a moralizing subjection, a domestication” in his The Animal That Therefore I Am,I will further argue for the critical possibilities of anthropomorphism using popular responses to the Henri videos alongside recent theoretical perspectives that argue for its necessity. This multimedia presentation aims to demonstrate that it is possible to draw the public fascination with feline celebrities into conversation with questions of what it means to be “human” or “animal,” as well as what it means to present oneself as “being” in a posthuman world.
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Keller, Barbara, and Heribert Gierl. "Effectiveness of Animal Images in Advertising." Marketing ZFP 42, no. 1 (2020): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2020-1-3.
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The effectiveness of showing animal images compared to displaying human models in advertisements and the effectiveness of using animals for further marketing instruments such as brand names, mascots, logos, product packaging designs, slogans, and product shapes has rarely been investigated in the academic research. Moreover, the characteristics of the animals used (e.g., species, pose, age, and beauty) for creating effective advertising have been ignored to date. This lack of research is surprising because many companies use animal images for promoting their brands and products. Our findings indicate that advertising practice can benefit from showing animals instead of human models. In particular, we recommend using animals in advertising as follows. Both pets and undomesticated animals are found to be superior to human models in eliciting positive emotions such as pleasant surprise and happiness/joy. Furthermore, they are advantageous in evoking pleasant feelings of entertainment. If advertisers aim to induce such positive affective states in consumers, they should consider using animal images. Famous examples of this strategy are the commercials entitled “Buster, the Boxer” promoting John Lewis and “Lost Puppy” promoting Budweiser beer. The animals’ cuteness additionally positively influences feelings of entertainment. If the advertiser aims to enhance message credibility, we recommend using images of pets instead of depictions of undomesticated animals. Although we recommend using animals in advertising and in particular cute animals (infantile animals or cute species) and pets, we advise practitioners to be careful when showing animals as role models. People easily link and compare themselves to images of role models and might feel insulted. Therefore, we recommend against using animals such as the retailer Netto did in its “Netto Cats” commercial.
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Epanchintsev, R. V., and E. E. Zabusova. "ANIMAL IMAGES IN GEORG TRACKL’S POETRY." Juvenis Scientia, no. 5 (2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2019.05.07.
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The article analyzes the images of animals in lyrical works of the famous Austrian expressionist poet Georg Trakl. Animals are the representatives of the biological kingdom of the same name. The images of mammals, as well as the images of insects, birds, and a worm are sequentially considered. There are twelve representatives. The images of animals are analyzed as elements of the artistic world of the works of the poet, which determines the novelty of the conclusions of this article. Each of the animals, according to the hypothesis, has a symbolic meaning, and the meaning is very stable, it moves from one poetic work to another. The symbolic meanings of the images of the animal kingdom in the poems of Georg Trakl are generally consistent with those established in common European culture, as evidenced by reference to the dictionaries of symbols (four authoritative sources are used). The authors reveal the semantic content of the image of each animal in specific texts, and compare it with the interpretation of its symbolic meaning in culture. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the coincidence of the full or partial semantic meaning of images in European culture (literature) and in Trakl's poems.
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Boothby, Thomas C., Jennifer R. Tenlen, Frank W. Smith, et al. "Evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer from the draft genome of a tardigrade." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 52 (2015): 15976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510461112.
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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), or the transfer of genes between species, has been recognized recently as more pervasive than previously suspected. Here, we report evidence for an unprecedented degree of HGT into an animal genome, based on a draft genome of a tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini. Tardigrades are microscopic eight-legged animals that are famous for their ability to survive extreme conditions. Genome sequencing, direct confirmation of physical linkage, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that a large fraction of the H. dujardini genome is derived from diverse bacteria as well as plants, fungi, and Archaea. We estimate that approximately one-sixth of tardigrade genes entered by HGT, nearly double the fraction found in the most extreme cases of HGT into animals known to date. Foreign genes have supplemented, expanded, and even replaced some metazoan gene families within the tardigrade genome. Our results demonstrate that an unexpectedly large fraction of an animal genome can be derived from foreign sources. We speculate that animals that can survive extremes may be particularly prone to acquiring foreign genes.
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Schultz, Rodrigo Rizek, and Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci. "Congenital prosopagnosia: A case report." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 5, no. 1 (2011): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05010010.
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Abstract Prosopagnosia is a visual agnosia characterized by an inability to recognize previously known human faces and to learn new faces. The aim of this study was to present a forty-six year-old woman with congenital prosopagnosia, and to discuss the neural bases of perception and recognition of faces. The patients had a lifetime impairment in recognizing faces of family members, close friends, and even her own face in photos. She also had impairment in recognizing animals such as discriminating between cats and dogs. The patient's basic visual skills showed impairment in identifying and recognizing the animal form perception on the coding subtest of the WAIS-R, recognizing overlapping pictures (Luria), and in identifying silhouettes depicting animals and objects (VOSP). Unconventional tests using pictures evidenced impairment in her capacity to identify famous faces, facial emotions and animals. Her face perception abilities were preserved, but recognition could not take place. Therefore, it appears that the agnosia in this case best fits the group of categories termed "associative".
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Sánchez, Ignacio. "When the Beasts Lost Their Voice: Fables, Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ and Dramatic Irony in The Case of the Animals versus Man of the Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ". Journal of Abbasid Studies 8, № 1 (2021): 38–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340065.
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Abstract The most famous piece of the collection of Rasāʾil written by the Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ is probably the animal fable included in Epistle 22, known in its English translation as “The Case of the Animals versus Man before the King of the Jinn.” The complexity and thematic richness of the work allows multiple readings and it has often been interpreted as a fable denouncing cruelty against animals. The abrupt ending of the work recognising the superiority of men, however, seems to contradict the ecological spirit that animates the debate. This article approaches this contradiction from a narratological point of view. Together with the genre of animal fables, especially the Kalīla wa-Dimna, the Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ rely heavily on the tradition of the qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ to recreate a setting that would have evoked in the educated audiences both the descriptions of the pre-Adamite era, where animals were free and had the ability to speak, and the consequences of the creation of Adam and his preordained fall. The recognition of these parallelisms and other proleptic clues creates a gap between the expectations of the characters and those of the readers, which can be interpreted as dramatic irony.
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Cox, Dana, and Jane-Jane Lo. "Math by the Month: Comparing Sizes." Teaching Children Mathematics 16, no. 4 (2009): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.16.4.0204.
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This month's problems are all about measurements related to sizes in the world, such as gigantic candy bars, signs, and animals. The letters on the famous Hollywood sign are 50 feet tall. The wooden Trojan horse was so big that a small army of soldiers could hide inside.
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Pylypchuk, Oleh. "Beginning of scientific activity of prominent home zoologist А.О. Kowalewski". History of science and technology 6, № 8 (2016): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2016-6-8-168-181.
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The article tells about the beginning of the research activities of famous evolutionary biologist, darwinist, academician оf Petersburg Academy of Sciences Alexander Kovalevsky (1840–1901). It is noted that the scientific work of a scientist in the field of zoology, comparative embryology, physiology of invertebrates animals got worldwide acknowledgment.
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Parsons, Michele B., Dominic A. Travis, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, et al. "Antimicrobial Resistance Creates Threat to Chimpanzee Health and Conservation in the Wild." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040477.
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Infectious disease is recognized as the greatest threat to the endangered chimpanzees made famous by the groundbreaking work of Dr. Jane Goodall at Gombe National Park (GNP), Tanzania. The permeable boundary of this small protected area allows for regular wildlife–human and wildlife–domestic animal overlap, which may facilitate cross-species transmission of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. Few studies have examined the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in wild ape populations. We used molecular techniques to investigate the presence of genes conferring resistance to sulfonamides (often used to treat diarrheal illness in human settings in this region) and tetracycline (used in the past—though much less so now) in fecal specimens from humans, domestic animals, chimpanzees, and baboons in and around GNP. We also tested stream water used by these groups. Sulfonamide resistance was common in humans (74%), non-human primates (43%), and domestic animals (17%). Tetracycline resistance was less common in all groups: humans (14%), non-human primates (3%), and domestic animals (6%). Sul resistance genes were detected from 4/22 (18%) of streams sampled. Differences in sul gene frequencies did not vary by location in humans nor in chimpanzees.
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Barnbrook, Gioia. "Returning the Look." Society & Animals 24, no. 6 (2016): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341434.
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It has been argued that a contemporary penchant for wildlife images serves to cloak the various destructive impacts human actions have on nonhuman animals, as well as to distract us from our ever-decreasing direct encounters with them. However, this form of media has also demonstrated its effectiveness as a method for communicating conservation messages to the wider public. This paper seeks to examine this tension through an analysis of a famous reunion clip from the documentary Christian the Lion (1971), exploring how audiences have reacted to this clip through a selection of YouTube comments and asking what these comments can tell us about contemporary ideas relating to human/animal inter-subjectivity.
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Strekopytov, Stanislav. "John Hunter's Directions for preserving animals." Archives of Natural History 45, no. 2 (2018): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0524.
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Directions for preserving animals, an undated anonymous pamphlet, privately published by the famous anatomist John Hunter (1728–1793), has not been a subject of a dedicated study so far in spite of its importance as a set of instructions influencing zoological collecting throughout the nineteenth century. A donation entry in the 1788 edition of Regulations and laws of the Lyceum Medicum Londinense allowed assigning 1788 as the most probable publication year of Hunter's pamphlet. The bibliographic analysis of Hunter's private press publications shows that the pamphlet was likely to have been produced by the same press. The pamphlet was reprinted in an amended form in 1809, and further amendments were done for the 1826 and 1835 editions published by the Royal College of Surgeons in London. In spite of Richard Owen (1804–1892) claiming a (co-)authorship of the 1835 edition, there is no evidence that his role exceeded minor editorial corrections. Since Owen made a reference in his correspondence to Hunter's manuscript instructions that he supposedly used in the preparation of the 1835 edition, an attempt was made to trace published and unpublished manuscript instructions for zoological collecting that could be attributed to Hunter. Manuscripts of the Society for Promoting Natural History preserved at the Linnean Society of London showed involvement of John Hunter and Everard Home (1756–1832) in the preparation of a hitherto undescribed comprehensive set of instructions for natural history collectors that was planned to be published by the Society.
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Marinelli, Lydia, and Andreas Mayer. "The Receding Animal: Theorizing Anxiety and Attachment in Psychoanalysis from Freud to Imre Hermann." Science in Context 29, no. 1 (2016): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889715000381.
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ArgumentAnimals played an important role in the formation of psychoanalysis as a theoretical and therapeutic enterprise. They are at the core of texts such as Freud's famous case histories of Little Hans, the Rat Man, or the Wolf Man. The infantile anxiety triggered by animals provided the essential link between the psychology of individual neuroses and the ambivalent status of the “totem” animal in so-called primitive societies in Freud's attempt to construct an anthropological basis for the Oedipus complex in Totem and Taboo. In the following, we attempt to track the status of animals as objects of indirect observation as they appear in Freud's classical texts, and in later revisionist accounts such as Otto Rank's Trauma of Birth and Imre Hermann's work on the clinging instinct. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Freudian conception of patients' animal phobias is substantially revised within Hermann's original psychoanalytic theory of instincts which draws heavily upon ethological observations of primates. Although such a reformulation remains grounded in the idea of “archaic” animal models for human development, it allows to a certain extent to empiricize the speculative elements of Freud's later instinct theory (notably the death instinct) and to come to a more embodied account of psychoanalytic practice.
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Hamburger, Kai, and Florian Röser. "The Role of Landmark Modality and Familiarity in Human Wayfinding." Swiss Journal of Psychology 73, no. 4 (2014): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000139.
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What characteristics constitute a “helpful” landmark for wayfinding and how are they represented in the human brain? Experiment 1 compared recognition and wayfinding performance for visual, verbal, and acoustic landmarks (animals) learned in our virtual environment SQUARELAND. Experiment 2 investigated landmark semantics, namely, famous versus unfamiliar buildings. The results showed that, first, the best recognition performance was observed for words (verbal condition) followed by sounds. Performance was worst for the pictorial landmark information. In the wayfinding phase, a similar level of performance was observed for all three modalities. Second, famous buildings were better recognized than unfamiliar ones, indicating a semantic influence. We conclude that nonvisual information may successfully constitute a landmark and discuss this within the context of current research on landmarks and human wayfinding.
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Slusar, N. V., V. I. Kovalchuk, and Yu L. Slyusarenko. "THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF ETHOLOGY AS SCIENCE ON BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 53 (April 27, 2017): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.53.26.
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The science of behavior in the search for objective laws and attempts to develop concepts that could explain normal and abnormal behavior, has gone through several stages of development - reflex, biheviorialnyy, ethological. These steps taken oppose each other, but we believe that each of them is the basis for further development.
 In Ukraine, the famous ethologist was Professor of Kharkiv University Karazin AP Krapivny. His works are devoted to interspecies relations animals and bioecological aspects zoopsychology philosophical, mathematical analysis of complex behavior of animals. Kyiv National University. Shevchenko animal behavior and regulatory mechanisms mizhtvarynnyh relations actively exploring Podobaylo AV and VA Gorobchyshyna.
 The current stage is characterized not only by the lack of a unified theory in ethology, but also the availability of interdisciplinary connections, especially with comparative psychology and neurophysiology. Modern ethology phase lasts quite a long time, and it sometimes distinguish different stages. A number of famous ethologist believe that since the mid 80s of last century ethology entered a new stage of its development - the stage of the so-called "broad ethology." It is characterized, in their opinion, no discipline regarding the consolidation of a theory of private conduct and interaction based on the existence of one ethological approach. Anthropologists, although limited to the study of primates, made a significant contribution to the development of modern science of animal behavior at all.
 An important contribution to science made by psychiatrists, specialists in social psychology, veterinary doctors and employees of zoos and sanctuaries.
 The ultimate goal of the study of animal behavior that determines the practical role of ethology, behavior management believe (L. Baskin). Theoretical bases of behavior management: the theory of hierarchical social behavior of animals exposed mechanisms ritualization (demonstrative behavior that prevents aggression), communication systems, mechanisms for organizing your social behavior. However, the right to use the patterns found for the modernization and industrial livestock farming is not possible. We have to solve many specific issues related to specific species, his reaction to domestication (domestication of animals) and welfare. It found a significant number of rather similar problems related laws and domestication synanthropization (adaptation of organisms to exist near the person), their impact on the environment and animal behavior
 The development of animal husbandry is by creating new options for interaction of organisms with new physical and biological conditions. Excluding the effect of limiting factors, one introduces animals into new ecological niches. However, we are seeing with only weak changes in norms of reaction types. In most cases we are talking about the use of the existing range of standards reactions. Changing behaviors people use natural mechanisms to ensure lability behavior: simple recombination of elements within the complex, developing new responses to stimuli. Translating animals in the new environment, every time we have to review all aspects of their integrated behavior, creating the need for adequate reaction and eliminating unsuitable to the new conditions.
 In general, we can talk about a special field of research - Applied Ethology, in front of which are the following problems:
 
 Creation of an integrated model of behavior animals in artificial environments. Development ethological aspects neoevolyutsiyi (domestication and synanthropization).
 Delimitation variability coherent behavior and its elements in species important to the economy and development of methods of purposeful formation behavior.
 Study and use patterns of behavior in vitro livestock facilities, livestock grazing and intensive industrial economy.
 
 Conclusion
 The evolution of ideas about the "mind" of animals and establishment of basic concepts of thinking (mental activity) animals and its effect was found in various areas of behavior over time. At all stages of the development of science questions the presence of mind in animals, its degree of development and role of psychology and behavior were mixed.
 The current stage of development of ethology characterized not only by the lack of a unified theory, but also the availability of connections, especially from comparative psychology and neurophysiology.
 Great contribution to the major trends of experimental and comparative approaches to the study of higher mental functions such animals have researchers like Pavlov.
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Miazga, Katarzyna, Johan Joubert, Megan Sinclair, and Anna Cywińska. "Releasing Three Orphaned White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) to the Game Reserve in South Africa. Rehabilitation, Translocation and Post-Release Observations." Animals 10, no. 12 (2020): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122224.
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White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is one of the most famous victims of poachers in Africa. One of the methods for dealing with decreasing rhino numbers is rehabilitating wounded and/or orphaned animals to successfully release them back into the wild. The status of rescued animal differs among individuals, but general procedures must be established and constantly improved. This study presents the history of successful release of three orphaned white rhino females; rehabilitated for 15 months in Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in a private game reserve in South Africa. Female A was three years old, female B was one year old and the youngest female was three months old on arrival. The animals were rehabilitated together despite the differences in their age and size, with particular attention paid to keeping them as wild as possible. After being weaned and becoming old enough to go back to the wild, they were released at a distance from the rehabilitation centre, which required immobilization and translocation. Since the rhinos were released, they have been successfully living in the wild. All procedures used in this study proved to be sufficient for preparing the animals for life in the wild and can be recommended for other centres.
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Uralov Rustam Abduraimovich. "THE SPECIES OF HOPLOPHYLLUM FAMILY DISTRIBUTED IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN GISSAR DISTRICT." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 11 (2020): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.833.
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Our nature is rich in a variety of wonders: from small animals and plants to the wonders of the flora, which is famous for its greatness. In this article we will consider one of these natural wonders, the Hoplophyllum family, which is widespread in Gissar district. We will talk in detail about its types, properties and significance. We will pay special attention to its medical benefits.
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Bai, Hong-Min, Tao Jiang, Wei-Min Wang, Tian-Dong Li, Yan Liu, and Yi-Cheng Lu. "Functional MRI mapping of category-specific sites associated with naming of famous faces, animals and man-made objects." Neuroscience Bulletin 27, no. 5 (2011): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-011-1046-0.
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Van Deinsen, Lieke, and Jan De Hond. "Beastly Condemnation: The Representation of Oldenbarnevelt’s Twenty-Four Judges as Animals." Rijksmuseum Bulletin 69, no. 4 (2021): 322–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52476/trb.11391.
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The Rijksmuseum’s History Department holds a remarkable early eighteenthcentury album titled Regtspleging van Oldenbarnevelt (The Trial of Oldenbarnevelt). The album contains a collection of thirty-eight watercolour drawings on parchment with written explanations on paper and deals with the infamous trial of the Land’s Advocate. At its heart are cartoons of the twenty-four judges who signed Oldenbarnevelt’s death warrant, with the judges depicted as animals. The Rijksmuseum album is similar to albums in the National Library of the Netherlands and Rotterdam City Archives. In this article we show that Oldenbarnevelt’s judges continued to be subjects of general interest for more than a century. We locate the satirical portrayal of the judges as animals in the broader tradition of animal allegories used as a vehicle for political criticism, and explore the function of the album. It probably served as a key to a painting – not Cornelis Saftleven’s famous work Satire op de berechting van Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (Satire of the Trial of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt) in the Rijksmuseum, but a later composition by an anonymous artist now in the Six Collection. Finally, we come to the conclusion that the album is part of a game of concealment and revelation that is typical of the Remonstrants’ memorial culture.
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Pham, Thuy Giang. "Conceptual Metaphor “WOMEN ARE ANIMALS” In 20th-century Vietnamese Literature." ICTE Conference Proceedings 3 (January 6, 2023): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54855/ictep.2333.
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From the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, the paper analyzes the conceptual metaphor WOMEN ARE ANIMALS in 20th-century Vietnamese literary works. The theoretical framework for this study includes the Conceptual Metaphor Theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the Great Chain of Being model of Lakoff and Turner (1989), and the Metaphor Identification Procedure of Pragglejaz Group (2007). Through a survey of 50 short stories and novels written by famous Vietnamese authors, 6 low-level metaphors as well as the mapping mechanism from the source domain to the target domain, is discovered and explained. The findings reveal that women are mainly portrayed as wild animals, livestock, pets, or birds. Metaphorical linguistic expressions, then, convey a biased view towards the low and inferior role and position of women in the family and society. Negative ideological values in the representation of women are explored to show that women are considered to be small, weak, dependent on men, and serve as their recreation. Vietnamese people's thinking and cultural characteristics are also reflected in this metaphor.
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Al-Rifai, Nada Yousuf. "Ahmad Shawqi and Educational Poetic Stories on the Tongues of the Animals." English Language and Literature Studies 5, no. 4 (2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v5n4p108.
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<p>Ahmad Shawqi, the most famous Egyptian poet, used the animal world to narrate children stories. He began using this genre as a student in France to express his moral, national, and social desires and to awaken his fellow countrymen’s outrage against colonialism and its machinations. He narrated fifty-six tales, the first of which, entitled “Al-Deek Al-Hindi wa Al-Dajaj Al-Baladi” (The Indian Rooster and the Local Chicken), was published in the newspaper Al-Ahram in 1892. Shawqi’s tales were often written in the form of odes, following the rajaz rhythm, and using variable rhymes. They are easy to read, short, often educational, and can be easily memorized. Shawqi used the Holy Quran, books of proverbs, and Arabic wise sayings as his primary influences. Indeed, Shawqi’s tales are definitely Islamic in nature and tone.</p>
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Tesorone-Lebro, Fabio. "“Deconstruction of Ethology” A Reading of Jacques Derrida in the Light of the Ethological Debate." Altre Modernità, no. 26 (November 29, 2021): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7680/16810.
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Derrida developed his most famous reflections on Animality in the Seminars: The Beast & The Sovereign (2001-2003). My hypothesis is that there we can find Derrida’s explicit interest for the ethological debate and its development. Indeed, I will show how deconstruction and ethological science are strictly connected for many reasons. If the historical scientific development of ethological sciences promoted the deconstruction of anthropomorphism (K. Lorenz, 1962), anthropocentrism (D. R. Griffin, 1979) and logocentrism (C. Safina, 2015; A. Neven, 2020), the theory of deconstruction uses these results with the aim to develop new conceptualities over the limits between Animals and Man. Thus, my aim will be to track the conceptual points of connection between Ethology and Deconstruction considering also the recent develops of cognitive and post-cognitive animal studies.
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Hengst, Richard, and J. Keith Rigby. "Apatosaurus as a Means of Understanding Dinosaur Respiration." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009527.
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Dinosaur activity has been the object of speculation since the first skeletal reconstructions were completed in the last century. Charles Knight, the famous artist, painted dinosaurs as active agile animals whereas researchers later portrayed them as slow moving and clumsy due to some similarities with modern reptiles. Modern research leans toward an active lifestyle for such enormous animals. This implies that dinosaurs needed a lot of oxygen to supply the necessary energy for these activities, but is it possible to estimate just how much this really was? Modern investigations confirm that the ability to supply oxygen to active tissues such as muscle is the factor most likely to set the limits of performance.
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Gethmann, Daniel. "Levels of communication: The talking horse experiments." Science in Context 33, no. 4 (2020): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889721000156.
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ArgumentIn the early twentieth century, counting and speaking horses, like the famous Clever Hans or the “Horses of Elberfeld,” became widely debated subjects in experimental psychology. The idea was to determine whether their learning success was only a fraud, or if it might open up a new chapter in “animal psychology” - or even belong to the realm of parapsychology and telepathy. When their tricks were discovered, the teachers of the animals were marked as charlatans. Both the attempts to detect charlatans and the efforts to avoid this accusation during the talking horse experiments proceeded using the method of introducing new levels of communication into the human-animal interaction process in order to substantiate each respective standpoint. This paper argues that the scientific studies and debates on the talking horses are relevant not only from psychological, biological, and semiotic vantage points, but also from the perspective of communications theory, giving rise to the foundational issue of levels of communication.
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Lane, Nick. "The unseen world: reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) ‘Concerning little animals’." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1666 (2015): 20140344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0344.
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Leeuwenhoek's 1677 paper, the famous ‘letter on the protozoa’, gives the first detailed description of protists and bacteria living in a range of environments. The colloquial, diaristic style conceals the workings of a startlingly original experimental mind. Later scientists could not match the resolution and clarity of Leeuwenhoek's microscopes, so his discoveries were doubted or even dismissed over the following centuries, limiting their direct influence on the history of biology; but work in the twentieth century confirmed Leeuwenhoek's discovery of bacterial cells, with a resolution of less than 1 µm. Leeuwenhoek delighted most in the forms, interactions and behaviour of his little ‘animalcules', which inhabited a previously unimagined microcosmos. In these reflections on the scientific reach of Leeuwenhoek's ideas and observations, I equate his questions with the preoccupations of our genomic era: what is the nature of Leeuwenhoek's animalcules, where do they come from, how do they relate to each other? Even with the powerful tools of modern biology, the answers are far from resolved—these questions still challenge our understanding of microbial evolution. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .
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Kozyreva, Maria. "Changing Philosophical Perspectives: "Turn to Animals" in the New Anthropology." Philosophical anthropology 7, no. 1 (2021): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-64-79.
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The period of the end of the twentieth — the beginning of the twenty-first century can be called the heyday of human rights movements that advocate the inclusion of new agencies in the political, ethical, social and other fields. Among them arose the animal rights movement, which later developed into a philosophical turn called animal turn, which is now one of the most popular in the Western philosophical and anthropological discourse. Being mostly a media and popular science project, animal turn has been little studied and criticized from an academic point of view. In this article, it is proposed to explore the history of the turn, its development and, most importantly, how the ideas about man, animal and their relationships changed within the framework of animal turn. The new anthropology, which also includes the turn under discussion, inextricably links the concept of man with the concept of boundary, stating it as a necessary element for the constitution of the human self. As a part of a general philosophical trend to expand the discourse of the Other, animal turn suggests to consider the animal as a universal example of Otherness, which can not only coexist with a human, but also be an integral part of his self-perception. The article proposes to consider how the transition from the recognition of animals as "also feeling" was gradually made to the idea of maximum inclusiveness, openness and hospitality. It is also proposed to critically comprehend the new concept of man as a being who strives for maximum positive harmony with himself and the material world. As examples, the texts of the most famous representatives of animal turn are analyzed: P. Singer, T. Regan, J. Derrida, B. Massumi, P. Godfrey-Smith and V. Despre.
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Poltoratska, Alla. "Humans and animals in Bernard Werber’s novel «Tomorrow the Cats» (Demain les Chats)." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, no. 23 (2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-23-99-105.
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Characters of animals have been present in the literature since its emergence up to present times. However, at the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XXI century they gained growing interest of literary critics, philosophers, historians, anthropologists, biologists and ecologists that gives scope for studying characters of animals as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. The purpose of the present paper is to study the position of animals in human culture, society, and the relationship between people and animals. It is worth noting that the contemporary authors tend to abandon the dominant position of a person and reveal one of the modern issues, namely, the vulnerability of all creatures before the cruelty of the world. One of such novels is “Tomorrow the Cats” written by the famous French writer, Bernard Werber. The main idea of the novel is to depict a person through lens of an animal. In his novel, Bernard Werber shows the world through cats’ eyes and predicts the proper evolution of humanity. A new perspective of human-animal interaction is the leveling differences between them. In the novel animals can understand language, read, perceive information, predict, behave like a person having a purpose to make friends with people. Bernard Werber points to the rights and protection of animals of humiliations they have been experiencing throughout human history. Contemporary human being has to understand: neither man should rule over nature, nor nature should rule over man. The writer’s vision of the future relationship between species and the conditional symbiosis of animals for their salvation is examined in the article. Besides, new transformations of human-animal relations are studied in the paper and the reasons for mentioned changes are outlined. After all, against the background of the war, the author depicts the contemporary problem of human interaction with the outside world, in which the threat to all creatures is not only looting, but also a plague of rats seeking domination in the city. For the common salvation of animals they are joining to humans. So the author interprets in such a way the image of animal as species closed to man. Thus, Bernard Werber represents changes in human perception of the animal, characterized by man’s desire to worry about the lives of other species. The author seeks to warn a man describing a number of situations in which a man is cruel to the world around him and to his own species. The writer seeks to warn people of the terrible consequences of their actions in order to protect them. Bernard Werber says that the mission of people on the earth is changing, they should worry not only about their existence, but also about existence of the world around them.
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Dyer, Adrian G., Andrew D. Greentree, Jair E. Garcia, Elinya L. Dyer, Scarlett R. Howard, and Friedrich G. Barth. "Einstein, von Frisch and the honeybee: a historical letter comes to light." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 207, no. 4 (2021): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-021-01490-6.
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AbstractThe work of the Nobel Laureate Karl von Frisch, the founder of this journal, was seminal in many ways. He established the honeybee as a key animal model for experimental behavioural studies on sensory perception, learning and memory, and first correctly interpreted its famous dance communication. Here, we report on a previously unknown letter by the Physicist and Nobel Laureate Albert Einstein that was written in October 1949. It briefly addresses the work of von Frisch and also queries how understanding animal perception and navigation may lead to innovations in physics. We discuss records proving that Einstein and von Frisch met in April 1949 when von Frisch visited the USA to present a lecture on bees at Princeton University. In the historical context of Einstein’s theories and thought experiments, we discuss some more recent discoveries of animal sensory capabilities alien to us humans and potentially valuable for bio-inspired design improvements. We also address the orientation of animals like migratory birds mentioned by Einstein 70 years ago, which pushes the boundaries of our understanding nature, both its biology and physics.
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Kathiravan, P., D. K. Sadana, B. P. Mishra, et al. "Survey and characterization of South Kanara buffaloes in India." Animal Genetic Resources Information 43 (April 2008): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002741.
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SummaryKanarese buffaloes are medium built animals distributed in the South Kanara region on the west coast of South India. These buffaloes are dual purpose animals used mainly for agricultural operations in wet fields and for some milk production. They are famous for racing in water-bound fields. South Kanara buffaloes are moderate milk yielders producing about two to seven litres daily for a lactation period that ranged between 210 to 360 days. Genetic diversity analysis was performed using 10 microsatellite markers in a panel of 48 unrelated animals. The average number of alleles was estimated to be 6.30 with an average heterozygosity of 0.62 per locus. The population showed departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at all of the 10 loci tested. The heterozygote deficiency was estimated as 9.2% suggesting the presence of considerable inbreeding in the population. The allele frequency distribution followed the normal L-shaped form suggesting that the breed had not encountered a genetic bottleneck in the recent past.
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Gladiy, M. V., Yu P. Polupan, S. I. Kovtun, and I. S. Borodai. "PROFESSOR I. V. SMIRNOV (1911–1993) – ORGANIZER OF THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK, FOUNDER OF THE THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY." Animal Breeding and Genetics 61 (May 27, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.61.01.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the main milestones in the life and creative path of the famous scientist in the field of animal husbandry, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor I. V. Smirnov, his contribution to the formation of the sectorial experimental work and the spread of higher professional education. Research methods – general scientific (analysis, synthesis, classification), special historical (problem-chronological, comparative-historical, biographical), source studies. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the detailed study of the Terezyno period of I. V. Smirnov's activities, during which the new technological solutions were established and implemented contributing to the development of the theory and methodology of artificial insemination of farm animals. It is proved that on the basis of the Kiev Experimental Station of Animal Husbandry "Terezyno" the scientist implemented the concept of the development of higher professional education, based on the combination of the educational process with long-term industrial practice; laid the foundations for international cooperation in the field of reproduction biotechnology in animal husbandry. The main components of the I. V. Smirnov's creativity are highlighted, namely: methods of sperm long-term storage, technologies and techniques of artificial insemination, biology and physiology of reproduction of farm animals, etc. The researcher developed the theory of anabiosis, the theory of cold sperm shock, established the methods for mammalian sperm diluting and evaluating. He updated research on the use of blood groups for testing the lineage of animals and artificially regulating the sex of the offspring. It is shown that the method of mammalian sperm long-term storage formed the theoretical basis for the reorganization of domestic breeding on the basis of the widespread introduction of artificial insemination, contributed to a fast transformation of the gene pool of farm animals due to the involvement of genetic resources of foreign breeding in the selection process. It has been proved that thanks to the I. V. Smirnov's creative initiatives, the foundations have been laid for the development of a new direction in the science of the reproduction of organic species – reproductive biotechnology of farm animals.
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Zhu, Haiqing, and Yurui Li. "Sylvia’s Self-realization in Sarah Orne Jewett’s A White Heron From the Perspective of Deep Ecology." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 3 (2022): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i3.208.
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In her short novel A white Heron, the famous American regional writer Sarah Orne Jewett pays attention to ecological problems. Sylvia, the protagonist of the novel, gradually realizes the significance of nature in the process of Self-realization. By living in the wood and befriending animals, she also changes from the stage of ego to social self and finally to ecological self. This process of Self-realization is a possible approach to the better relationship between human and nature.
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Lockwood, Alex. "[Review] Paula Acari. Making Sense of ‘Food’ Animals: A Critical Exploration of the Persistence of Meat. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 356 pp." Animal Studies Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/asj/v9.i2.16.
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[Review] Paula Acari. Making Sense of ‘Food’ Animals: A Critical Exploration of the Persistence of Meat. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 356 pp. There are many audiences for Paula Acari’s new book on the persistence of meat as edible matter, Making Sense of Food Animals, and not all of them academic. One of the striking facets of this well-researched, clearly argued and empirical analysis, drawing on 41 interviews with Australian meat eaters and meat producers, is the lessons for animal advocacy organisations for rethinking their messaging strategies. Central to the book’s argument is Acari’s challenge to narratives of transparency and visibility, often employed by such groups, made famous by activist Linda McCartney’s claim that ‘if slaughterhouses had glass walls, everyone would be a vegetarian’ (often wrongly attributed to her husband, Paul). Acari demonstrates, drawing on interview data and a robust interpretation of Foucauldian theory, that both looking and knowing are easily absorbed into the ‘already encoded eye’ of a human gaze that comes pre-trained by the ‘normalised entitlement’ of animal exploitation (263); as such, without a ‘de- or re-coding’ of that human gaze, calls for more transparency of slaughtering merely reinforce rather than disrupt the sense of animals’ edibility. As the cognitive linguist George Lakoff advises those advocating for change, it is unwise to utilise the stories of those whose power you wish to disrupt. Recirculating such stories strengthens the existing cognitive models and the beliefs which rest upon them. To challenge such cognitive codification, which, in relation to the edibility of animals, has ‘been socially, culturally and economically normalised over centuries’ (274), requires a more radical approach that highlights existing mechanisms of power, and has ‘rigorous, comprehensive strategies ready to challenge and refute them, not simply piecemeal responses as part of an apparently balanced discussion or debate’ (291). Acari’s book is a useful tool in helping animal advocacy groups rethink their campaigns to construct (and test) new messages that might ‘land’ with meat eaters, whose cognitive models continue to ‘make sense’ of animals as edible. What Acari hopes is that we reach a ‘heterotopia’ where it makes ‘no sense’ that animals are edible. As she readily admits, this is a ‘big nut to crack’. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try, nor try to be more effective in our efforts.
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Gladiy, M. V., Yu F. Melnik, Yu P. Polupan, S. I. Kovtun, I. S. Borodai, and O. V. Boiko. "ACADEMIC V. P. BURKAT – PAGES OF BIOGRAPHY AND CREATIVITY OF A FAMOUS SCIENTIST, PATRIOT AND PUBLIC FIGURE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 57 (April 24, 2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.57.01.
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The life course and directions of scientific activity of the doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, academician of the UAAS V. P. Burkat are analyzed. It summarizes the main achievements in the development of the theory and methodology of breed formation in cattle breeding, the breeding of specialized highly productive breeds of cattle, and the preservation of the gene pool of farm animals. The contribution to the development of the genetic and biotechnological bases of breeding in the cattle breeding of Ukraine is characterized. An assessment of the scientific and organizational activities of the scientist in the context of the formation of leading research institutions, enhancement of scientific research is given. The scientific advisory and social activities of V. P. Burkat are covered.
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Kornyat, S. B. "Vadym Yanovych — Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor (1930–2011)." Animal Biology 22, no. 3 (2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol22.03.018.
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A short essay on the biography and creative path of Vadym Yanovych to the 90th anniversary of his birth is presented. Due to his personal abilities and great perseverance and ability to work, the ability to unite around him scientists and specialists V. G. Yanovych became a famous organizer of biological and agricultural sciences, prepared a group of scientists and headed the school of physiologists and biochemists on individual animal development. Yanovych Vadym Heorhiyovych was born on December 16, 1930 in the village of Komarivka, Volodarsko-Volynsky (now Khoroshivsky) district, Zhytomyr region. From 1962 to 1965 he was a graduate student of the Laboratory of Age Physiology and Biochemistry of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals. V. G. Yanovych research concerns the study of ontogenetic features of lipid, fatty acid and ketone body metabolism in organs and tissues of cattle and pigs; ontogenetic features of lipid and protein metabolism in the created cattle and pigs, development of scientific basic lipid nutrition pigs, cattle, poultry and fish; study of the regularity of quantitative use of amino acids in the synthesis of proteins, lipids, glucose, glycogen and energy processes in the tissues of cattle and rats, given the lipogenic role of amino acids in organs and tissues of animals.
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Zhang, Na. "The Concept of “A Community of Shared Destiny” in Robert Frost’s Poems." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 16 (March 26, 2022): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v16i.474.
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Robert Frost was one of the most well-known poets in the United States. He used to live in the farm in New Hampshire. With familiarity with the natural scenery. Frost’s Poems were famous for the specific images in New England. However, his poems were rarely so plain as it appeared. Frost seemed likely to use the simple words to express the deep meanings. In his poems, the concept of “A community of Shared Destiny” was gradually but deeply implicated. The “community” included “Nature and Man”, “Animals and Man” “Man and Man” and so on.
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Baldassarri, Fabrizio. "Being Alive in Descartes' Physiology: Animals and Plants, the Immutatio and the Impetus." RIVISTA DI STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIA, no. 1 (March 2021): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sf2021-001004.
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In René Descartes' works there are four major references to living bodies as objects of his natural philosophy. The first is contained in the Fifth part of the Discours de la Méthode, published in June 1637, where Descartes provides a mechanical explanation of the heartbeat and other living functions of the body. The second is in a bio-medical note collected in the Excerpta anatomica dated November 1637, where he discusses nutrition and growth. The third is the famous claim on the absence of a section on living bodies in the Principia philosophiae, published in 1644. The fourth is in La Description du corps humain, Descartes' late physiology likely dated 1647-1648. In this article, by exploring these passages and contextualizing his physiological observations of animals and plants, I reassemble Descartes' science of life: his dismissal of soul, his mechanical framework, his interpretation of bodily self-maintenance and growth, his understanding of living bodies as integrated and organic systems, and the role of a power such as the immutatio and forces such as the impetus.
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Lohse, Brian. "Synthetic antivenoms for snakebites: a slithering road!" Biochemist 41, no. 6 (2019): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04106006.
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Since Adam and Eve, humankind has been equally frightened and fascinated by snakes. The ancient Egyptians worshipped the cobra, which decorate sarcophagi and the famous mask of Tutankhamun. Even today, the snake is integral to the Staff of Asclepius, a symbol of medicine. To some extent, medicine has forgotten about the snake, however, bites from venomous snakes still pose a deadly impact on people in low-and middle-income countries. It is estimated that venomous snakes kill between 81,000 and 137,000 people every year, and maim around 400,000, which represents a huge impact both on families and social economics. Around 125 years ago, Calmette began to produce antivenom serum for snakebite victims. Since then, production methods have not changed significantly; then and now, antivenom is made by immunizing animals. Isolated antibodies can neutralize some of the most lethal toxins, thereby saving many lives. However, there is still a need for animals such as horses or sheep, as well as a snake farm, in order to acquire enough venom for immunization procedures. Animal-derived antibodies pose a threat, because they are foreign components injected into the human body, which can give rise to adverse immunogenic reactions. In a worst-case scenario this can lead to anaphylactic shock and death. Synthetic antivenom, is an interesting avenue, which could reduce or entirely remove the need for immunized animals and snake farms. Synthetic antivenoms could be made to high purity and eliminate many current challenges, such as batch-to-batch variations, high costs, limited shelf life and the need for ‘cold-chain’ transportation.
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Grob, Robin, Pauline N. Fleischmann, and Wolfgang Rössler. "Learning to navigate – how desert ants calibrate their compass systems." Neuroforum 25, no. 2 (2019): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nf-2018-0011.
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Abstract Navigating through the environment is a challenging task that animals cope with on a daily basis. Many animal species have impressive capabilities to navigate in complex or even harsh environments. Cataglyphis desert ants are a famous example. These ants use a remarkable navigational repertoire to find their way home after far-reaching foraging trips. How do naïve ants calibrate their visual navigational systems? The ants perform stereotyped sequences of learning walks before switching from tasks inside the darkness of their nest, to foraging under bright sunlight. Here, naïve ants align nest-directed views using the earth’s magnetic field as a compass reference. Neuronal plasticity was mapped in two visual pathways to higher brain centers during this transition. Both their first exposure to light, and the performance of learning walks lead to distinct changes in synaptic circuits along both visual pathways, reflecting calibration and memory formation in the ants’ visual compass systems.
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Slozhenkina, M. I., I. F. Gorlov, and Aliresa Seidavi. "Prospective areas of research in the field of production and processing of livestock products." Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 11 (September 29, 2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2020-11-22-34.
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Aim. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the problem of increasing the efficiency of using the genetic potential of agricultural animals and birds in specific agroecological conditions of the south of the Russian Federation to increase the production of high-quality meat, dairy and poultry products. Material and Methods. The research was conducted using analysis of statistical materials, compari-son method, analogy and systematization, analysis and comparison of empirical material. Discussion. Application of the achievements of advanced science in the field of studying the complex molecular genetic structure, genetic variation, and detailed characterization of populations of breeds of farm animals and birds bred in certain geographical and climatic conditions is an im-portant area of animal husbandry. Scientific research involves the creation of resource-saving tech-nologies aimed at the expansion and rational use of genetic farm animals and birds bred in the southern territories of the Russian Federation, the development of mechanisms and methods to in-crease the efficiency of production and processing of livestock products, including production of functional food products based on regional raw materials. The novelty of the development in this di-rection lies in the fact that such detailed studies of the characteristics of genetic resources in Russian livestock and poultry farming, with the involvement of famous foreign scientists, are carried out on the basis of scientifically based approaches, methods and mechanisms for improving adaptive abili-ties productive animals and birds, breeding and their rational use in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, using modern molecular genetic methods, with the introduction of new ap-proaches to create optimal zoo-hygienic conditions for feeding and keeping will be carried out for the first time. Conclusion. The planned research is primarily aimed at obtaining high-quality food products, in-cluding functional ones, based on regional dairy, meat and poultry raw materials.
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ROLLS, ALISTAIR. "Primates in Paris and Edgar Allan Poe’s Paradoxical Commitment to Foreign Languages." Australian Journal of French Studies 58, no. 1 (2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2021.07.
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Drawing on recent innovations in detective criticism in France, this article broadens the quest to exonerate Poe’s famous orang-utan and argues that the Urtext of modern Anglo-American crime fiction is simultaneously a rejection of linguistic dominance (of English in this case) and an apologia for modern languages. This promotion of linguistic diversity goes hand in hand with the wilful non-self-coincidence of Poe’s detection narrative, which recalls, and pre-empts, the who’s-strangling-whom? paradox of deconstructionist criticism. Although “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” is prescient, founding modern crime fiction for future generations, it is entwined with a nineteenth-century tradition of sculpture that not only poses men fighting with animals but also inverts classical scenarios, thereby questioning the binary of savagery versus civilization and investing animals with the strength to kill humans while also positing them as the victims of human violence.
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LEHOUX, DARYN. "Why does Aristotle think bees are divine? Proportion, triplicity and order in the natural world." British Journal for the History of Science 52, no. 3 (2019): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087419000165.
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AbstractConcluding his discussion of bee reproduction in Book 3 ofGeneration of Animals, Aristotle makes a famous methodological pronouncement about the relationship between sense perception and theory in natural history. In the very next sentence, he casually remarks that the unique method of reproduction that he finds in bees should not be surprising, since bees have something ‘divine’ about them. Although the methodological pronouncement gets a fair bit of scholarly attention, and although Aristotle's theological commitments in cosmology and metaphysics are well known, scholars have almost universally passed over the comment about bees and divinity in silence. This paper aims to show why that comment is no mere throwaway, and offers an exploration and elaboration of the ways in which divinity operates even at fairly mundane levels in his natural philosophy, as an important Aristotelian explanation for order, proportion and rationality, even in the lowest of animals.
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Föllmer, Moritz. "The sociology of individuality and the history of urban society." Urban History 47, no. 2 (2019): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000877.
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AbstractThis article explores the role of individuality in Europe's urban past. In so doing, it builds on Georg Simmel's famous article ‘The metropolis and mental life’ as well as recent work especially by Bernard Lahire, Niklas Luhmann and Uwe Schimank. The article brings out key sociological insights and links them to a range of studies by urban historians, which are thus revisited from a fresh angle. The focus is on three key dimensions of the modern city: first, sites of social and cultural life; secondly, politics and government; thirdly, non-humans such as material objects, animals and natural elements.
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Ling, Chen, Yuanhui Zhang, Jun Li, Wenli Chen, and Changquan Ling. "Clinical Use of Toxic Proteins and Peptides from Tian Hua Fen and Scorpion Venom." Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, no. 3 (2019): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203719666180622100641.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced in China for thousands of years. As a complementary and alternative treatment, herbal medicines that are frequently used in the TCM are the most accepted in the Western world. However, animal materials, which are equally important in the TCM practice, are not well-known in other countries. On the other hand, the Chinese doctors had documented the toxic profiles of hundreds of animals and plants thousand years ago. Furthermore, they saw the potential benefits of these materials and used their toxic properties to treat a wide variety of diseases, such as heavy pain and cancer. Since the 50s of the last century, efforts of the Chinese government and societies to modernize TCM have achieved tremendous scientific results in both laboratory and clinic. A number of toxic proteins have been isolated and their functions identified. Although most of the literature was written in Chinese, this review provide a summary, in English, regarding our knowledge of the clinical use of the toxic proteins isolated from a plant, Tian Hua Fen, and an animal, scorpion, both of which are famous toxic prescriptions in TCM.
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Ashok Khandhar, Diren, Hardev Kaur, Rosli Bin Talif, and Zainor Izat Binti Zainal. "Ecological Unconscious, Animals and Psychological Trauma in Monique Roffey’s Archipelago Diren Ashok." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 3 (2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.3p.31.
Full textAbstract:
Monique Roffey is a Trinidadian-born award winning writer who has produced a number of famous novels and a memoir. In her recent novel, Archipelago (2012), issues on redemption, loss of hope and healing were highlighted in the wake of a devastating natural disaster that swept across the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Life was a complete change for the chief protagonist, Gavin Weald, as the catastrophic flood not only destroyed his home but also put great psychological strains which affected him and his family. In order to combat the distressing ordeal, Gavin and his daughter- alongside with their dog- decided to set sail and to make peace with the very ocean that caused the misfortune upon them. This research aims to validate the authenticity and importance nature plays in overcoming trauma that has been caused by the flood. In order to carry out this research, the concepts of ecological unconscious and dualism under the lenses of Eco-psychology by Theodore Roszak and Andy Fisher as well as trauma by Cathy Caruth will be employed in analysing how nature plays a pertinent role in healing trauma caused by the floods in this novel. This study aspires to explicate further the relationship between human and animals and how this union helps to overcome psychological disturbances experienced by the characters.
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Kobayashi, Tsutomu, Takashi Ito, and Masashi Shiomi. "Roles of the WHHL Rabbit in Translational Research on Hypercholesterolemia and Cardiovascular Diseases." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/406473.
Full textAbstract:
Conquering cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important problems in human health. To overcome cardiovascular diseases, animal models have played important roles. Although the prevalence of genetically modified animals, particularly mice and rats, has contributed greatly to biomedical research, not all human diseases can be investigated in this way. In the study of cardiovascular diseases, mice and rats are inappropriate because of marked differences in lipoprotein metabolism, pathophysiological findings of atherosclerosis, and cardiac function. On the other hand, since lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits closely resemble those in humans, several useful animal models for these diseases have been developed in rabbits. One of the most famous of these is the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, which develops hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis spontaneously due to genetic and functional deficiencies of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The WHHL rabbit has been improved to develop myocardial infarction, and the new strain was designated the myocardial infarction-prone WHHL (WHHLMI) rabbit. This review summarizes the importance of selecting animal species for translational research in biomedical science, the development of WHHL and WHHLMI rabbits, their application to the development of hypocholesterolemic and/or antiatherosclerotic drugs, and future prospects regarding WHHL and WHHLMI rabbits.
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Krugliak, O. V., and T. O. Krugliak. "CREATOR OF MODERN SELECTION PROGRESS IN LIVESTOCK OF UKRAINE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 62 (December 8, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.03.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to highlight the main milestones of the scientific achievements of the famous scientist in the field of animal husbandry, candidate of biological sciences A. P. Krugliak and his contribution to the development of research in biology and selection of farm animals. Research methods - general scientific (analysis, bibliographic), retrospective and source studies.
 The scientific novelty of the article lies in the presentation of the results of the main scientific works of A. P. Krugliak, which contributed to the development of the theory of biology of reproduction and selection of animals, and their practical application. Among them: -improvement of methods of biotechnology of reproduction of farm animals at the stage of introduction of deep freezing of sperm; -development of methods of creation of domestic specialized dairy breeds of cattle by use of the best world gene pool; -development of methods for effective use of bulls-improvers; -breeding and prospects for improvement of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed of cattle; -development of methods for preserving the gene pool of local and small domestic breeds of farm animals.
 The researcher developed the theory of the mode of use of bulls, developed a method of their effective use, established the minimum allowable criteria for the evaluation of frozen sperm and a method of two-stage thawing. At the initiative and direct leadership of A. P. Kruglyak at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V.Zubets NAAS created a state gene pool sperm embryo bank, the operation of which provided accelerated breeding of a number of specialized dairy and beef cattle in Ukraine, and the preservation of the gene local grey Ukrainian and white-headed Ukrainian breeds.
 It is proved that thanks to the creative initiatives of AP Kruglyak laid the foundations for the accelerated formation of breed and genealogical structure, and further improvement of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed, the method of breeding animals along short lines is substantiated. The milk yield of cows for 305 days of the last lactation was 7174 kg and in the best herds – 10.0–11.0 thousand kg. With the direct participation of AP Kruglyak, the work of the best in Europe breeding and technological centre in cattle breeding was built and organized, the functioning of which significantly influenced the improvement of dairy breeds of cattle.
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Hao, Jiajing. "Analysis on the Design Style of William Morris Pattern." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 19 (August 30, 2022): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v19i.1595.
Full textAbstract:
William Morris (1834-1896) was a famous artist and designer in Europe in the 19th century, the founder of the Arts and Crafts movement and the father of modern design, with a pivotal position in the design world. The patterns he designed take animals and plants in nature as elements and integrate them into his own pattern design. Through regular arrangement, he created vivid and elegant patterns, which influenced designers from generation to generation. William Morris is of epoch-making significance. This paper analyses the background of the formation of Morris pattern, Morris pattern with plant as motif, color analysis, structural framework and organizational form of Morris pattern.
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A.S, Raja. "History and Culture of the Papanasa Kaani People in Anthropological Perspective." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (2022): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s233.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the paper is to know the history, culture and tradition of the ancient kani people. The methodolgyis to collect the materials orally and taking personal interviews. the place is located in Tenkasi district, Ambasamudrum and pabanasam areas. In ancient days kani people used eat animals honey and Tuber and bulbs but now they eat rice and grains. They are living in huts. They are planting medicinal plants and one famous pharmacy is there. For centuries they have been giving medicine for jaundice. They are worshipping Goddess like petchiamman. They also built a church for Christian congregation.They prefer love marriages. divorce and remarriage are allowed and acceptable.
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Kumar, Dr Pintu. "A Case Study of Blood and Śarāb Thirsty Aboriginal Village Gods from Greater Magadha: An Interpretation through Polythetic Approach of McClymond." YMER Digital 21, no. 01 (2022): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.01/07.
Full textAbstract:
Bronkhorst rightly argued that the Brāhmaṇical religion and rituals were not rooted deeply in the society of Greater Magadha and maintained its tradition of local Dravidian gods due to its situation beyond the eastern limit of purely Āryan Culture. Besides famous Brāhmaṇical Gods, each village of Greater Magadha has its own local non-Brāhmaṇical Dravidian gods, situated in small rude temples or shrines. These locally originated minor village gods are almost always appeased with blood or animal sacrifices followed by offering of śarāb i.e. alcoholic drink whenever a wish (mañnat) is fulfilled. The offered small indigenous animals like chicken or bird are cooked at the shrine and served as prāsād to all. It is believed that the deity will be satisfied after drinking blood and wine and bless you anything in an intoxicated mood. The present paper will locate these village gods through the ‘polythetic approach’ and understand the traditional sacrifices offered. It further intends to explore the relationship between the modern theory and the contemporary indigenous practice in dynamic collaboration with seven components of sacrificial deeds.
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Prabawa, I. Gede Galang Surya, I. Nyoman Piarsa, and Gusti Agung Ayu Putri. "Auction Application for Beringkit Animal Traditional Market Based on Android." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 21, no. 3 (2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v21i3.149-158.
Full textAbstract:
Beringkit Animal Market is one of the large traditional animal markets in Bali which is famous for selling superior cows. In addition to selling superior cows, Beringkit Animal Market also sells dogs and various types of poultry such as chickens, ducks and roosters. However, in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak, traditional markets are considered as the main cluster for the spread of COVID-19 due to the large number of interactions between buyers and traders. The implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) has resulted in a lack of income for traders at the Beringkit Animal Market. This study aims to design an Android-based online animal auction application as a medium for buying and selling animals to minimize physical interaction between buyers and traders, the online auction transaction process is chosen because the auction transaction process can bring together traders and buyers in the same online media and make offers up to reach the highest agreed price. The research method applied is the DSRM method or Design Security Research Method, application development uses Android Studio to develop mobile applications, and uses Visual Studio Code to develop web-based systems. Data storage and web server management in this study using MySQL and Laravel. The results of this study are in the form of an Android-based animal auction application that can be used as a medium for transactions between buyers and traders who have gone through the blackbox testing process with the test results as expected.