Relevant bibliographies by topics / Famous problems

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Famous problems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Famous problems"

1

Abbott, Steve, and Art Johnson. "Famous Problems and Their Mathematicians." Mathematical Gazette 84, no. 500 (2000): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3621702.

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Bálint, Vojtech. "Some Famous Problems of Discrete Geometry." Acta Mathematica Nitriensia 1, no. 1 (2015): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17846/amn.2015.1.1.24-43.

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Newmark, Jonathan. "Neurological Problems of Famous Musicians: The Classical Genre." Journal of Child Neurology 24, no. 8 (2009): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073809332764.

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杨, 筱菡. "Some Famous Problems Solved by Full Probability Formula." Advances in Education 07, no. 06 (2017): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ae.2017.76051.

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Bishop, Jessica Pierson, Lisa L. C. Lamb, Randolph A. Philipp, Bonnie P. Schappelle, and Ian Whitacre. "First graders outwit a famous mathematician." Teaching Children Mathematics 17, no. 6 (2011): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.17.6.0350.

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Xinhua, W., and D. Wufeng. "FAMOUS GARLICS NATIVE TO CHINA: ITS PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 433 (May 1997): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.433.11.

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Bagheri, Mohammad. "Mathematical Problems of the Famous Iranian Poet Nās·er-e Khosrow." Historia Mathematica 24, no. 2 (1997): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/hmat.1996.2144.

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si, Lin. "Some problems about geometric lattice." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817303002.

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In this paper, the survey about some results of the convex lattice set are given and the invariance of projection problem of convex lattice set is also obtained. And combining a famous result in the graph theory, several conjectures about the convex lattice set are presented.
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Blodi, Frederick C. "Some famous persons with visual problems as shown on postage stamps." Documenta Ophthalmologica 77, no. 4 (1991): 295–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00156973.

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Wolski, Mariana M., Luciano de Paola, and Hélio A. G. Teive. "Scott Fitzgerald: famous writer, alcoholism and probable epilepsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 75, no. 1 (2017): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160167.

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ABSTRACT Scott Fitzgerald, a world-renowned American writer, suffered from various health problems, particularly alcohol dependence, and died suddenly at the age of 44. According to descriptions in A Moveable Feast, by Ernest Hemingway, Fitzgerald had episodes resembling complex partial seizures, raising the possibility of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Famous problems"

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Cook, Brian, and Brian Cook. "(In)famous Angel: The Cherub Company and the Problem of Definition." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12369.

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This dissertation examines the effects of conventionally categorizing working artists and looks specifically at the Cherub Company, London, as a case study. Cherub was an alternative British theatre company whose work in the 1980s defied most of the categories which inscribed theatre practice in Britain. Because they did not fit canonical definitions, Cherub was said to be producing “bad” theatre. When governments, critics or historians use a canonical approach to separate the supposedly good from the bad, artists who do not conform are often ignored and become lost to history. In order to genealogically trace the influence of the Cherub Company and to accurately depict its legacy, this dissertation examines both the company’s archive and repertoire as well as the field of cultural production in which it operated. British theatre in the late 1970s was often hostile to foreign performance techniques, led by the opinions of the theatre staff of the Arts Council of Great Britain, the primary issuer of government arts subsidy. Cherub’s production of Two Noble Kinsmen melded a classic English text with Eastern European production methods and was derided by the ACGB. This response along with similar views on the company’s other early productions formed the backbone of the ACGB’s contention that Cherub should not receive subsidy. Despite the company’s maturation, demonstrated by the international success of their production of Kafka’s THE TRIAL,which won a Fringe First at the Edinburgh Festival, the ACGB continued to refuse subsidy. Eventually the company was selected by the British Council, a government organization whose mission was to send quality British cultural products abroad, for numerous international tours. These tours allowed the company to stay alive during the difficult years of the mid-1980s, though this also meant they were rarely producing in the UK. Ultimately, the company would lose its prominence, and though they continued producing into the new millennium, they never regained their former stature. Cherub’s story demonstrates that historiographic impact and importance should not be limited only to those who achieve conventional success, and this dissertation represents a more inclusive and less power-centered model for documenting and writing history.<br>10000-01-01
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Gayo, Jairo. "O problema que tornou Euler famoso." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/579.

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CAPES<br>Nesta dissertação é apresentado o Problema da Basileia cuja resposta tornou Leonhard Euler famoso. Apresenta a prova de Euler que por muito tempo continha uma passagem tida como incorreta, mas que após o Teorema da Fatoração de Weierstrass foi aceita. Aborda também outras resoluções para o problema, sua representação geométrica e uma aplicação. Discute também, por meio deste problema, a importância da História da Matemática para o professor desta disciplina.<br>In this study we present the Basel Problem whose answer has Leonhard Euler famous. Presents the Euler’s Proof which long contained a passage regarded as incorrect, but that after the Weierstrass Factorization Theorem was accepted. Also addresses other resolutions to the problem, its geometric representation and an application. It also discusses, through this problem, the importance of the History of Mathematics for the teacher of this discipline.
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Gregio, Bruno Chioderoli. "Sequências de números reais e as famosas constantes matemáticas e, π e ϕ /". São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150789.

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Orientador: Pedro Toniol Cardin<br>Banca: Luis Antonio Fernandes de Oliveira<br>Banca: Régis Leandro Braguim Stábile<br>Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para o estudo de sequências de números reais, sobretudo no ensino médio. A partir da de nição de uma sequência, estudamos os casos particulares das progressões aritméticas e geométricas. Como sabemos, é praxe os livros didáticos encerrarem o assunto sobre sequências por aqui, porém neste trabalho avançamos os estudos apresentando a noção de limite de uma sequência e os principais resultados sobre sequências convergentes. Tendo compreendido que cada número real pode ser obtido como o limite de uma sequência de Cauchy de números racionais, apresentamos as famosas constantes matemáticas e, π e φ, além dos números da forma √ a, como o limite de certas sequências de Cauchy de números racionais<br>Abstract: This work presents a proposal for the study on sequences of real numbers, especially in high school. From the de nition of a sequence, we study the particular cases of arithmetic and geometric progressions. As we know, it is usual for textbooks to terminate the subject of sequences here, but in this work we have advanced the studies presenting the notion of limit of a sequence and the main results on convergent sequences. Having understood that each real number can be obtained as the limit of a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers, we introduce the famous mathematical constants e, π and ϕ, beyond the numbers of the form √a, as the limit of certain Cauchy sequences of rational numbers<br>Mestre
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Freitas, Juliana Martins de [UNESP]. "Os três problemas clássicos da Matemática grega." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122209.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-22Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000809291.pdf: 454961 bytes, checksum: 3231045e46f133324a8aaaf81e96ab6f (MD5)<br>Os séculos V e IV a.C. constituíram um período extremamente ativo da matemática no mundo grego. Aproximadamente neste período, têm início o estudo dos três problemas clássicos da matemática grega, os quais iremos abordar como tema principal. Esses problemas ficaram conhecidos como duplicação do cubo, trissecção do ângulo e quadratura do círculo. Aparentemente de enunciados simples, são problemas geométricos que envolvem construções utilizando unicamente régua não graduada e compasso. O estudo destes três problemas geométricos desafiaram o poder inventivo de inúmeros matemáticos e intelectuais durante mais de dois mil anos, e somente no século XIX demonstrou-se a impossibilidade dessas construções utilizando-se apenas régua não graduada e compasso. Em suma, a concepção fundamental que este trabalho tem a proporcionar é que a magia da Matemática não se restringe apenas nas respostas dos problemas, antigos ou atuais, mas nas novas descobertas, estratégias e métodos empregados advindos dos caminhos que conduzem às resoluções. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar estes três problemas, a impossibilidade da resolução dos mesmos utilizando-se apenas régua não graduada e compasso, resoluções possíveis utilizando-se outros instrumentos e uma aplicação da duplicação do cubo em sala de aula, utilizando origami<br>The fifth and fourth centuries BC were an extremely active period of mathematics in the Greek world. About this period, begin the study of three classical problems of Greek mathematics, which we will address as the main theme. These problems were known as duplicating the cube, trisection of the angle and squaring the circle. Apparently simple statements are geometric problems involving constructions using only not graduate ruler and compass. The study of these three geometric problems challenged the inventive power of numerous mathematicians and intellectuals for over two thousand years, and only in the nineteenth century demonstrated the impossibility of such constructions using only not graduate ruler and compass. In short, the fundamental conception that this work has to provide is the magic of mathematics is not only restricted in the responses of former and current problems, but the new findings, strategies and methods employed arising out of the paths that lead to resolutions. The objective of this paper is to present these three problems, the impossibility of solving them using only not graduated ruler and compass, possible resolutions using other instruments and an application of the doubling cube in the classroom, using origami
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Freitas, Juliana Martins de. "Os três problemas clássicos da Matemática grega /." São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122209.

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Orientador: Clotilzio Moreira dos Santos<br>Banca: Marcio de Jesus Soares<br>Banca: Antonio Aparecido de Andrade<br>Resumo: Os séculos V e IV a.C. constituíram um período extremamente ativo da matemática no mundo grego. Aproximadamente neste período, têm início o estudo dos três problemas clássicos da matemática grega, os quais iremos abordar como tema principal. Esses problemas ficaram conhecidos como duplicação do cubo, trissecção do ângulo e quadratura do círculo. Aparentemente de enunciados simples, são problemas geométricos que envolvem construções utilizando unicamente régua não graduada e compasso. O estudo destes três problemas geométricos desafiaram o poder inventivo de inúmeros matemáticos e intelectuais durante mais de dois mil anos, e somente no século XIX demonstrou-se a impossibilidade dessas construções utilizando-se apenas régua não graduada e compasso. Em suma, a concepção fundamental que este trabalho tem a proporcionar é que a magia da Matemática não se restringe apenas nas respostas dos problemas, antigos ou atuais, mas nas novas descobertas, estratégias e métodos empregados advindos dos caminhos que conduzem às resoluções. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar estes três problemas, a impossibilidade da resolução dos mesmos utilizando-se apenas régua não graduada e compasso, resoluções possíveis utilizando-se outros instrumentos e uma aplicação da duplicação do cubo em sala de aula, utilizando origami<br>Abstract: The fifth and fourth centuries BC were an extremely active period of mathematics in the Greek world. About this period, begin the study of three classical problems of Greek mathematics, which we will address as the main theme. These problems were known as duplicating the cube, trisection of the angle and squaring the circle. Apparently simple statements are geometric problems involving constructions using only not graduate ruler and compass. The study of these three geometric problems challenged the inventive power of numerous mathematicians and intellectuals for over two thousand years, and only in the nineteenth century demonstrated the impossibility of such constructions using only not graduate ruler and compass. In short, the fundamental conception that this work has to provide is the magic of mathematics is not only restricted in the responses of former and current problems, but the new findings, strategies and methods employed arising out of the paths that lead to resolutions. The objective of this paper is to present these three problems, the impossibility of solving them using only not graduated ruler and compass, possible resolutions using other instruments and an application of the doubling cube in the classroom, using origami<br>Mestre
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Freitas, Aline Claro de. "ORIGAMI : o uso como instrumento alternativo no ensino da geometria /." São José do Rio Preto, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134280.

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Orientador: José Roberto Nogueira<br>Banca: Enio Garbelini<br>Banca: Suetônio de Almeida Meira<br>Resumo: Frente à realidade do ensino contemporâneo que demanda a necessidade de diversificar o uso de estratégias de ensino, pretendemos propor uma abordagem, por meio de material concreto e que pode tornar-se bastante significativa no ensino da matemática. Este trabalho discute sobre a história, aplicações clássicas e utilização do origami em sala de aula. Após uma breve apresentação histórica sobre o origami, apresentamos uma abordagem axiomática deste instrumento. Dois dos três famosos problemas matemáticos gregos da antiguidade que não podem ser solucionados através da régua e compasso: trissecção do ângulo e duplicação do cubo encontram uma solução por meio das técnicas de origami. Além disso, apresentamos sugestões de roteiros de aulas e a atividade aplicada em sala de aula que obteve resultado satisfatório<br>Abstract: Faced with the reality of contemporary teaching that demands the need to diversify the use of teaching strategies, we intend to propose an approach through concrete material and can become quite significant in mathematics education. This monograph discusses about the history, classic applications and use origami in the classroom. After a brief historical introduction about origami, we present an axiomatic approach of this instrument. Two of the three famous Greek mathematical problems of antiquity that can't be solved by ruler and compass: trisection angle and doubling the cube find a solution through of origami techniques. In addition, we present suggestions classes scripts and the activitie applied in the classroom that obtained satisfactory result<br>Mestre
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Adams, Patrick Guy. "A numerical approach to Tamme's problem in euclidean n-space." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33911.

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Books on the topic "Famous problems"

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Knorr, Wilbur Richard. The ancient tradition of geometric problems. Birkha user Boston, 1986.

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Knorr, Wilbur Richard. The ancient tradition of geometric problems. Dover, 1993.

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Knorr, Wilbur Richard. The ancient tradition of geometric problems. Birkhäuser Boston, 1986.

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1947-, Morris Sidney A., and Pearson Kenneth R, eds. Abstract algebra and famous impossibilities. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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1952-, Falconer K. J., and Guy Richard K, eds. Unsolved problems in geometry. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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1952-, Falconer K. J., and Guy Richard K, eds. Unsolved problems in geometry. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Famous Americans. Quality Books, 1987.

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1919-, Iseki Kiyoshi, Abe Jair Minoro, and Tanaka shotaro 1928-, eds. Unsolved problems on mathematics for the 21st century: A tribute to Kiyoshi Iséki's 80th birthday. IOS Press, 2001.

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Cui, Rongyan. 3800年七大数学"死题"破解: Solution for seven major geometrical "[d]ead puzzles" [3]800 years ago. Xin da lu chu ban she you xian gong si, 2007.

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Gilbert, Lawall, and Perry David, eds. Fabulae Romanae: Stories of famous Romans. Longman, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Famous problems"

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Kleiner, Israel. "Famous Problems in Mathematics." In Excursions in the History of Mathematics. Birkhäuser Boston, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8268-2_14.

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Reus, Bernhard. "Famous Problems in P." In Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27889-6_16.

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Bajnok, Béla. "A Cornucopia of Famous Problems." In Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6636-9_16.

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Giles, David. "The problems of being famous." In Illusions of Immortality. Macmillan Education UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09650-0_6.

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Peltola, Marja, Heidi Huilla, Tiina Luoma, and Riikka Oittinen. "Everyday Life in Schools in Disadvantaged Areas." In Finland’s Famous Education System. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8241-5_13.

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AbstractIn Finland, urban segregation has been identified as a new and increasing challenge for pursuing the ideal of the egalitarian comprehensive school. Yet very little is known of particular school contexts, and public concern over school segregation runs a risk of reproducing segregation by focusing in a stigmatising manner on schools in less advantaged areas. In this chapter, we draw on interview data from five comprehensive schools in the metropolitan area of Helsinki to examine how students of schools located in areas that may be considered disadvantaged talk about their everyday life in the school and residential area. We build on the idea that young people represent their lives as ordinary rather than adopting ‘in-risk’ positions, and examine ways in which the schools and residential areas are discussed. We argue that despite their awareness of local problems and racialised and social class-based inequalities, young people are attached to their schools and residential areas, and tend to describe the problems encountered as manageable. While there are statistical similarities between disadvantaged residential areas, the particular local contexts and their effects for young people’s everyday lives vary from one area to another and according to the young people’s social class and racialised background. This highlights the need to understand the particularities and connections between schools and residential areas in discussions of segregation and in attempts to address it.
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Lehtonen, Jukka. "Rainbow Paradise? Sexualities and Gender Diversity in Finnish Schools." In Finland’s Famous Education System. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8241-5_17.

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AbstractThe Finnish education system, welfare state and Finland’s position in respect to lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) human rights have been praised. In this chapter, the utopian image of Finnish education system as a ‘rainbow paradise’ is questioned. Legislation, curricula, teachers, school textbooks, experiences of non-heterosexual, trans and intersex youth as well as LGBTI human rights organisations’ work are discussed, as well as the influence of COVID-19. All are looked at from the viewpoint of heteronormativity. Even if there have been several advancements in acknowledging sexual and gender diversity within Finnish education, particularly in the area of legislation and educational policies, there are serious everyday problems in making schools safe for LGBTI students and teachers, as well as with treating everyone equally despite their sexual orientation and gender identity or expression. Teacher training, teaching and textbooks used in schools are often still heteronormative, and teachers lack tools and motivation in resisting heteronormative starting points in their work. Youth culture has changed in recent years, it has become more diverse and less judgemental towards LGBTI youth but non-heterosexual, trans and intersex students are still clearly experiencing more violence in schools than cisgender heterosexual students. The mainly heteronormative Finnish education system creates stress and mental health problems for LGBTI youth. Counselling and health care services are still not fully able to respond to their needs. The COVID-19 pandemic has only made the situation worse. In short, it will require a sustained effort to make the Finnish education system anything close to a ‘rainbow paradise’.
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Mikander, Pia. "Racism in Finnish School Textbooks: Developments and Discussions." In Finland’s Famous Education System. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8241-5_18.

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AbstractWhile the Finnish education system has been celebrated for promoting equality, recent reports point to problems concerning racism within Finnish schools. Kristín Loftsdóttir suggests looking at racism from three angles: everyday racism, prior immobility, and structural racism. This chapter draws on this idea, showing how racism is present in Finnish school textbooks in history, social science and geography. Many textbooks seem to deviate from the curricular core values of equality by portraying the West as superior to the rest of the world. This is visible in different ways. While old racist or colonial words are removed from textbooks, the perspective may still only promote a Western worldview. Changes in textbooks might stay on a superficial level, rather than reaching the epistemological perspective. History textbook passages about colonial times might include images of racist caricatures to express the explicit racism of this era. Similar caricatures are being removed from consumer products, and we might ask whether they belong to history teaching, particularly if they do not encourage a discussion about continued racism. Using textbooks with racist content requires that teachers are aware of racism. The teacher needs to know how to lead critical reflection, while keeping the classroom safe from racist remarks. During a pandemic, when students are alone with textbooks, there is a particular concern about the democratic task of educating for anti-racism. This is especially important in a world largely influenced by a media discourse that makes certain racist opinions unremarked or seen as a matter of common sense.
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Blodi, Frederick C. "Some famous persons with visual problems as shown on postage stamps." In History of Ophthalmology. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2564-2_3.

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Pickenhain, Sabine. "On Adequate Transversality Conditions for Infinite Horizon Optimal Control Problems—A Famous Example of Halkin." In Dynamic Systems, Economic Growth, and the Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02132-9_1.

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Blinder, Caroline. "Animating the Gudgers: On the Problems of a Cinematic Aesthetic in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men." In New Critical Essays on James Agee and Walker Evans. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230111868_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Famous problems"

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Lu, Ke, Yimeng Chen, and Zhonghao Qu. "Research on Synergistic Governance of Famous Historical and Cultural Villages." In 2nd International Conference on Judicial, Administrative and Humanitarian Problems of State Structures and Economic Subjects (JAHP 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-17.2017.10.

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Mescherina, E. "NIKOLAUS ARNONCOURT: “NEW UNDERSTANDING” AND PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION OF ANCIENT MUSIC." In Aesthetics and Hermeneutics. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2547.978-5-317-06726-7/61-64.

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The approach proposed by the famous conductor of our time N. Arnoncourt to interpret the music of the past as the “language of its era” includes a number of components (understanding music based on its own laws; the need for historical knowledge, etc.) and opposes “aesthetic music making”, which demonstrates exclusively the technical side of the execution.
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Fujime, Hiroyuki, Shinji Abe, Kazuya Yamaji, Daisuke Sato, and Hideki Matsumoto. "Evaluation Technique With MCNP for Temperature Dependent Problems." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29252.

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Monte Carlo calculation has come to be used as reference solutions instead of experiments in nuclear design code validation and verification (V&amp;V), although comparisons with measurements are still indispensable for V&amp;V in nuclear design. MCNP [1] is one of the most famous Monte Carlo codes widely used in the world. Many reference results are given for the analyses of critical experiments. When using the use MCNP calculations for validations of commercial design codes, we will face to a problem of lacking temperature dependent cross-sections. The cross-sections can be generated by the NJOY code [2]. However, if the model has complex temperature distribution, many NJOY calculations are necessary. Besides, if the temperature profile changes with fuel power and so on, many NJOY calculations have to be performed again and again. These back and forth procedures make us give up using MCNP for commercial LWR calculations. In order to solve this problem, we propose an easy approximation to solve the temperature problems using MCNP. Note that our technique does not require any code modifications.
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Grunina, E. N., I. V. Belova, N. V. Glumova та Yu S. Budanova. "Экстрактовые масла Acacia dealbata Link. для элитной парфюмерной продукции". У CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-12.

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The aim of this survey was to find the best way for the extraction of essential oils from the Acacia dealbata Link. floral raw materials, as well as discover samples of elite perfumery products of various brands that use this aroma in perfumery compositions. Two methods of extraction with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent were used, namely, 1) Soxhlet extraction; 2) extraction of raw materials by the method of triple infusion in a solvent at a low positive temperature (+ 3 °C). To obtain absolute, concrete was extracted in a classical manner. In the first variant, the yield of concrete was 1.46 % of the weight of raw materials; in the second – 1.18 % but its aroma was more delicate. The content of absolute in the samples was 28.4 % and 24.6 % of the concrete mass, respectively. Famous brands using mimosa fragrance are L`Artisan Parfumeur (Mimosa Pour Moi), Jo Malone (Mimosa &amp; Cardamom), Dolce &amp; Gabbana (Velvet Mimosa Bloom), Calvin Klein (Eternity Summer), Kenzo (Summer by Kenzo), etc.
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Russo, Davide, and Valentino Birolini. "A Computer Aided Approach for Reformulating “Ill-Defined” Problems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47212.

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It is proven that a low accuracy in setup or an insufficient attention during the problem structuring [1] may affect the accuracy of the final solution [2], while a problem that is properly defined is virtually solved [3], especially for “ill-defined” problems. Many efforts have been made since the 1970s for improving problem assessment, managing problem information (their functioning, constraints and requirements) and avoiding psychological barriers and memory loads [4]. Other studies have been focused on overcoming trivial points of view, such as lateral thinking [5] and to systematize an abstraction path for the initial situation by using theoretical models as functional models [6], cause effect analysis, and contradictions [7]. This work takes into account this background in problem solving methods, especially root cause analysis [8] and TRIZ [7], the theory of inventive problem solving. In this paper, a set of steps, called BOB-UP® have been conceived in order to support designers during the correct reformulation of the initial problem. This procedure has the aim to reformulate every technical problems, turning an ill-defined initial problem into a well-defined final problem. In this paper the framework of the procedure based upon an inedited cause-effect analysis is widely shown. For completing each design step, ontologies, linguistic rules, modeling tools and sketches are carefully integrated. Novel and key points are extensively presented in this paper, together with an exemplary case about a toaster implementation. The overall procedure was translated into software to ease the completion. The output of such computer aided reformulation consists of a “well defined” problem reformulation. Unlike the most famous and traditional cause-effect approaches, in the BOB-UP® environment the user is guided step by step to identify the best level of detail, focusing on the undesired effect(s), and finally identify the crucial element on which intervention is needed. A preliminary validation, conducted with 9 industrial cases by 30 users selected from the teaching staff of the University, research assistants and PhD and Master Degree students in Mechanical Engineering, has demonstrated the effectiveness of the method.
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Buliņa, Elīna, and Andrejs Cibulis. "Fostering Teachers’ Mathematical Competence in Problem Solving." In ATEE 2022 Annual Conference. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/atee.2022.44.

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The problem of a growing shortage of qualified mathematics teachers, which is emerging in many countries today, is also quite acute in Latvia. Moreover, there are only few students in Latvia who want to study mathematics at a serious level and become mathematics teachers. A shortage of students and teachers is one of the reasons for the decline in the quality of mathematics teaching. Teaching and learning mathematics is impossible without understanding and problem solving, which, as noted by the famous mathematician Paul Halmos, is ‘the heart of mathematics’. It is a well-known idea that by developing problem-solving skills, we learn not only how to tackle mathematical problems, but also how to logically work our way through any problems we may face. Unfortunately, this idea does little to contribute to a successful tackling of the teacher shortage, which is not a mathematics problem for which somebody can find a quick and easy solution. This article offers some research topics that may be useful for teachers working with their gifted pupils; deals with a non-trivial problem of constructing magic polygons on a triangular lattice, which is recommended as a research topic for teachers to encourage them and their students to better master different solution strategies and so-called big ideas in mathematics; the article also gives some insights into mathematics teacher training education in Latvia.
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Ismail, Mohamed A., Attia H. Gomaa, and Ashraf O. Nassef. "Solving the Multi-Objective Facility Layout Problem Using Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21067.

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The multi-objective facility layout problem is defined in the literature as an extension of the famous quadratic assignment problem (QAP). Most previous mathematical models tried to combine both the quantitative and the qualitative objectives into a single objective by using weighting factors. This paper introduces a multi-objective mathematical model and solves it using the revised Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEAII). The purpose of this paper is to find an efficient set of solutions “Pareto optimal set” which could be introduced to the decision maker to select the best alternative, while considering conflicting and noncommensurate objectives. A computer program is developed to define the mathematical model, code candidate solutions into genetic form, and use Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization algorithms (EMO) to find the efficient set of solutions. The problem model is built according to its customized data input. The suggested model and solution algorithms are applied to a wide set of different benchmark problems. Results showed the superiority of the suggested models and algorithms in terms of the quality of solution and objective space exploration.
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Westmoreland, Sophoria, and Linda C. Schmidt. "What Engineering Designers Leave Behind: Developing a Cognitive Coding Scheme for Student Design Journals." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38997.

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Some historically successful engineering inventions have been designed by trial and error as was the famous case of Thomas Edison’s light bulb. No contemporary design researcher would advocate a tedious, trial-and-error methodology as the basis for engineering practice. The 21st century engineer is expected to create innovative solutions to real world problems with limited resources and limited time. Successful engineering design methods are those that substitute trial-and-error with practice-based guidance (e.g., TRIZ), mathematical analysis (e.g., optimization), general problem-solving strategies (e.g., functional decomposition and synthesis), or good cognitive thinking strategies (e.g., Synectics). This research is placed in the last category, studying the cognitive processes that can be observed in recorded work of engineering designers. This study is the first step in research intended to go further into the designers mind and reveal new insights about the design process. This paper presents a cognitive coding scheme model to organize and categorize designer “thinking” as recorded in design documentation. The product of this research can be used to instruct curriculum on teaching the design process for students and professional engineers.
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Kozitsin, Alexander Serggevich, Sergey Alexandrovich Afonin, and Dmitry Alexeevich Shachnev. "Method for expert search using bibliographic data." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-5.

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The use of modern methods of thematic analysis for the analytical processing of information is currently used in almost all areas of human activity, including scientometrics. Many scientometric and citation systems, including the world famous WoS, Scopus, Google Shcolar, develop thematic categories for searching and processing information. Most important tasks that can be solved using thematic classification methods are: assessment of the dynamics of the development of thematic areas in the organization, country and in world science; search for articles on a given topic; search and assessment of the authority of experts; search for journal for publication and other relevant tasks. The Lomonosov Moscow State University is currently developing and using the system ISTINA. In this project, algorithms have been created that solve some of the problems listed. Scientific research is underway to create new effective mathematical models and algorithms in this area.
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Liu, Zongmin, Lifu Liang, Tao Fan, and Haiyan Song. "Gurtin-Type Quasi-Variational Principle for Large Deformation Elasto-Dynamics Based on Base Forces Theory." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12488.

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Considering that “gap function” is a nuisance term that contains both the stress and the quadratic function of displacement, it is difficult to establish Gurtin-type variational principles for large deformation elasto-dynamics. Luo En, Finlayson B. A. and Scriven L. established Gurtin-type variational principles by restricted variational idea. Based on base forces theory framework, the basic equations for large deformation elasto-dynamics are defined. Using the concept of base forces, Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle for large deformation elasto-dynamics can be established by variational integral method directly. When the base forces and the conjugate variable “displacement gradients” are taken as the basic unknowns, there is no “gap function” in the functional of Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle. Then quasi-stationary value conditions of Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle are derived. One of the quasi-stationary value conditions is the famous wave equation. Finally, some correlative problems are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Famous problems"

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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Zahid Ahmed, Galib Bashirov, Nicholas Morieson, and Kainat Shakil. Islamist Populists in Power: Promises, Compromises and Attacks on Democratic Institutions. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0013.

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This paper comparatively examines the ruling religious populist governments in Turkey and Pakistan through a theoretical framework that focuses on populists’ promises, their compromises, and their attacks on democratic institutions. Through our three-legged framework, we examine how these religious populists behave in power and how strategic necessities, the realities of governing, and structural constraints shape their policies. Similar to the other populists in other parts of the world, before coming to power, Islamist populists make sweeping promises to the people and quick fixes to major problems of the country—most famously, quick and substantial economic development. While they may want to retain their uncompromising style and lofty goals, the realities of governing force populists to make serious compromises to their designated ‘enemies’ and on their values once they are in power. Finally, like other authoritarian politicians, Islamist populists attack formal institutions of democracy such as the judiciary, the media, and civil society; they politicize them, evacuate them, and eventually capture them from within. Keywords: Religion, populism, Islamism, authoritarianism, populists in power, democratic backsliding, Turkey, Pakistan
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Campion, Anita, Mark D. Wenner, and Jeremy Coon. Financing Agricultural Value Chains in Central America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008552.

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Agricultural value chain financing (VCF) is an emerging phenomenon in the region but it is not well studied. Historically, small- and medium-sized famers experience problems accessing formal finance. Participation in a well-structured and dynamic supply chain seems to improve chances of obtaining financing, either directly from larger more liquid agents in the same chain or indirectly from external formal lenders based on the type of relationships and degrees of connectedness in the chain (advance sale contracts, technical assistance agreements, length of transaction history, etc.). Four value chains were studied in Nicaragua (diary and plantains) and Honduras (plantains and horticulture, sweet peppers and tomatoes specifically) to discover how and under what terms and conditions financing was being provided and to understand the challenges in expanding the use of this type of financing. The main findings are (i) VCF is occurring in Nicaragua and Honduras, but it is mostly indirect; (ii) the specific instruments used to support VCF are simple¿lead firm vouching for and even providing guarantees for smaller actors, relying on donor financed guarantee funds, and buyer/exporter finance; (iii) creditor rights are weak in both countries; (iv) financial institutions that are participating in VCF are not lowering interest rates despite fewer risks faced; (v) the legacy of inappropriate government interventions, namely debt forgiveness programs, and generally weak support services for producers dampens the enthusiasm of formal financial intermediaries to expand agricultural lending; and (vi) high quality technical assistance is serving as an accelerant and facilitating VCF, but it is donor financed and it is important to find ways to sustain this intervention over time.
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