Academic literature on the topic 'Fang she yi xue'

Abstract Though docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy becomes the standard care for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), some patients could not benefit from this therapy. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that DCAF7 was highly expressed in TPF resistant NPC patients, and promoted the cisplatin resistance and metastasis of NPC cells. Mechanistically, DCAF7 facilitates the interaction between USP10 and G3BP1, resulting in the removal of K48-linked ubiquitylation of G3BP1 at Lys76 mediated by USP10, thus preventing the degradation of G3BP1 through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and facilitates the stress granule (SG)-like structures formation. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 successfully reversed the SG-like structures formation and oncogenic effects exerted by DCAF7. Importantly, NPC patients with elevated DCAF7 expression exhibited high risks of metastasis, and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study identifies DCAF7 as a pivotal cisplatin resistance gene, and sheds light on the underlying mechanism of TPF resistance in NPC patients. The DCAF7-USP10-G3BP1 axis provides potential therapeutic targets and biomarker for NPC treatment. Citation Format: Qing-Jie Li, Xue-Liang Fang, Ying-Qin Li, Jia-Yi Lin, Cheng-Long Huang, Shi-Wei He, Sheng-Yan Huang, Jun-Yan Li, Sha Gong, Kai-Lin Chen, Na Liu, Jun Ma, Yin Zhao, Ling-Long Tang. DCAF7 acts as a scaffold to recruit USP10 for G3BP1 deubiquitylation and facilitates chemoresistance and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1999.

Abstract Radiotherapy is the main and preferred treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), owing to its high sensitivity to radiation. However, there are ~20% patients suffering from tumor recurrence. Accumulating evidences show that protein ubiquitination plays a vital role in radiation caused DNA damage response. Here, we identified that the deubiquitinase USP18 is highly expressed in NPC tissues, and inversely associated with radiosensitivity of NPC cells. USP18 interacts with TRIM29 and promotes its K27-linked ubiquitination independent of its deubiquitinase activity. Further investigation reveals that USP18 acts as a scaffold to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 to directly ubiquitinate TRIM29 at Lys307, thus promoting its oligomerization and nuclear translocation, and thereby facilitates the DNA damage repair of NPC cells after irradiation. Clinically, higher expression of USP18 indicates poor response to radiotherapy and worse prognosis in NPC patients. Our findings reveal the critical role of USP18 in regulating radiosensitivity, and targeting USP18-TRIM21-TRIM29 axis maybe a novel strategy to synergize with radiotherapy for NPC patients. Citation Format: Jia-Yi Lin, Wei-Wei Zhang, Qing-Jie Li, Xue-Liang Fang, Jun-Yan Li, Shi-Wei He, Ying-Qin Li, Jun Ma, Na Liu, Yin Zhao, Rui Guo. USP18 impairs the sensitivity of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma by promoting the ubiquitination and nuclear translocation of TRIM29 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1113.

Introdução: Lesões endoperiodontais são lesões originadas de produtos inflamatórios encontrados tanto em periodonto quanto em polpa. Tais lesões podem se originar devido a uma infecção pulpar ou periodontal. Visando o prognóstico favorável, é imprescindível o conhecimento da etiologia, realização do correto diagnóstico e elaboração do plano de tratamento que envolve o tratamento endodôntico precedido do tratamento periodontal. Objetivo: O propósito do presente trabalho foi de relatar um caso clínico de lesão endoperiodontal e o tratamento realizado. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente gênero feminino, 51 anos, compareceu à clínica com uma fístula na região do dente 46, procedeu-se com exame radiográfico, rastreamento de fístula, testes endodônticos e avaliação periodontal. Foi diagnosticada lesão endoperiodontal. Executou-se, então, o tratamento endodôntico em sessões múltiplas, utilizando hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal e o tratamento periodontal concomitante; finalizou-se endodontia obturando-se os canais radiculares. Conclusão: Observou-se, no controle, que a associação de tratamentos foi eficaz e houve melhora significativa do quadro, constatando-se silêncio clínico e sucesso do tratamento. Realizar o tratamento conservador a despeito da exodontia foi a melhor escolha para a paciente. Descritores: Endodontia; Periodontia; Polpa Dentária; Periodonto. Referências Sunitha VR, Emmadi P, Namasivayam A, Thyegarajan R, Rajaraman V. The periodontal - endodontic continuum A review. J Conserv Dent. 2008;11(2):54-62. Betancourt P, Elgueta R, Fuentes R. Treatment of endo-periodontal lesion using leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin - a case report. Colomb Med. 2017;48(4):204-7. Lopes HP, Siqueira JF. Endodontia: Biologia e Técnica. Rio de Janeiro: Medsi-Guanabara Koogan; 2015. Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP. Tratado de periodontia clínica e implantologia oral. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2010. Anand V, Govila V, Gulati M. Endo-perio lesion part II (the treatment) - a review. 2012;3(1):10-6. Rotstein I, Simon JH. Diagnosis, prognosis and decision-making in the treatment of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. J Periodontol. 2004;34:165-203. Parolia A, Gait TC, Porto ICCM, Mala K. Endo-perio lesion: a dilemma from 19th until 21st century. J Interdisp Dent. 2013;3(1):2-11. Kim E, Song JS, Jung IY, Lee SJ, Kim S. Prospective clinical study evaluating endodontic microsurgery outcomes for cases with lesions of endodontic origin compared with cases with lesions of combined periodontal-endodontic origin. J Endod. 2008;34(5):546-51. Heasman PA. An endodontic conundrum: the association between pulpal infection and periodontal disease. Br Dent J. 2014;216(6):275-9. Schmidt JC, Walter C, Amato M, Weiger R. Treatment of periodontal-endodontic lesions--a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2014; 41(8):779-90. Jivoinovici R, Suciu I, Dimitriu B, Perlea P, Bartok R, Malita M, Ionescu C. Endo-periodontal lesion--endodontic approach. J Med Life. 2014;7(4):542-44. Estrela C. Endodontia laboratorial e clínica, Série Abeno: Odontologia Essencial - Parte Clínica. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 2013. Vera J, Siqueira JF Jr, Ricucci D, Loghin S, Fernández N, Flores B et al. One-versus two-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histobacteriologic study. J Endod. 2012;38(8):1040-52. Mohammadi Z, Dummer PMH. Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology. Inter Endod J. 2011;44(8):697-730. Batista VES, Olian DA, Mori GG. Diffusion of hydroxyl ions from calcium hydroxide and aloe vera pastes. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):212-16. Pereira TC, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Graeff MSZ, Ribeiro MCM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxidepastes. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1253-62. Andolfatto C, da Silva GF, Cornélio AL, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G, Bonetti-Filho I, Cerri PS. Biocompatibility of intracanal medications based on calcium hydroxide. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:904963. Duque TM, Prado M, Herrera DR, Gomes BPFA. Periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(1):53-63. Kim D, Kim E. Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part I. In vitro studies. Restor Dent Endod. 2014; 39(4):241-52. Adl A, Motamedifar M, Shams MS, Mirzaie A. Clinical investigation of the effect of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing on bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduction from infected root canals. Aust Endod J. 2015;41(1):12-6. Hilton TJ, Ferracane JL, Mancl L; Northwest Practice-based Research Collaborative in Evidence-based Dentistry (NWP). Comparison of CaOH with MTA for direct pulp capping: a PBRN randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2013;92(7 Suppl):16S-22S. Labban N, Yassen GH, Windsor LJ, Platt JA. The direct cytotoxic effects of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on human dental pulp cells. Dent Traumatol. 2014;30(6):429-34. McIntyre PW, Wu JL, Kolte R, Zhang R, Gregory RL, Bruzzaniti A, Yassen GH. The antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, and differentiation potential of double antibiotic intracanal medicaments loaded into hydrogel system. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1051-59. Bergenholtz, G., Hasselgren, G. Endodontics and periodontics. In: Lindhe, K., Karring, T., Lang, N. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. Copenhagen:Munksgaard; 2015. Harrington GW, Steiner DR, Ammons WF. The periodontal-endodontic controversy. Periodontol 2000. 2002;30:123-30. Fernandes LA, Martins TM, Almeida JM, Nagata MJ, Theodoro LH, Garcia VG, Bosco AF. Experimental periodontal disease treatment by subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride in rats. J Appl Oral Sci. 2010;18(6):635-40. Storrer CM, Bordin GM, Pereira TT. How to diagnose and treat periodontal endodontic lesions? 2012;9(4):427-33. Verma PK, Srivastava R, Gupta KK, Srivastava A. Combined endodontic periodontal lesions: A clinical dilema. J Interdiscip Dent. 2011;1(2):119-24. Oh SL, Fouad AF, Park SH. Treatment strategy for guided tissue regeneration in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions: case report and review. J Endod. 2009;35(10):1331-36. Malli R, Lele P, Vishakha. Guided tissue regeneration in communicating periodontal and endodontic lesions - a hope for the hopeless. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(4):410-13. Ghezzi C, Virzì M, Schupbach P, Broccaioli A, Simion M. Treatment of combined endodontic-periodontic lesions using guided tissue regeneration: clinical case and histology. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2012;32(4):433-9. Sun J, Liu Q. [Bio-Oss collagen bone grafting in the treatment of endodontic-periodontic lesion]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009;29(9):1905-6. Sharma R, Hegde V, Siddharth M, Hegde R, Manchanda G, Agarwal P. Endodontic-periodontal microsurgery for combined endodontic-periodontal lesions: An overview. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(6):510-16. Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zhou X, Xie K. [The clinical study on the use of diode laser irradiation in the treatment of periodontal-endodontic combined lesions]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012;30(2):161-64, 168. Narang S, Narang A, Gupta R. A sequential approach in treatment of perio-endo lesion. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(2):177-80. Pereira AL, Orzechowski PR, Filho SB, Cortelli JR. Subepithelial connective tissue graft: an alternative application for treating endoperiodontal lesions. Gen Dent. 2013;61(2):50-3. Yoneda M, Motooka N, Naito T, Maeda K, Hirofuji T. Resolution of furcation bone loss after non-surgical root canal treatment: application of a peptidase-detection kit for treatment of type I endoperiodontal lesion. J Oral Sci. 2005; 47(3):143-47. Shenoy N, Shenoy A. Endo-perio lesions: diagnosis and clinical considerations. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21(4):579-85. Gerritsen AE, Allen PF, Witter DJ, Bronkhorst EM, Creugers NH. Tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:126.

The need for clean and sustainable energy sources has witnessed a sudden upsurge in recent years owing to rising environmental degradation and climate disruption brought on by an overdependence on fossil fuels [1-3]. Electrochemical energy conversion technology is a crucial complement to the storage and on-demand utilization of renewable energy resources [4-6]. Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained a significant research upsurge in recent times owing to their attractive potential for large-scale energy storage applications. In addition to low cost and naturally abundant raw materials, AZIBs technology offers competitive electrochemical performance and compatibility with water-based electrolyte systems, thereby eliminating the safety concerns associated with prevalent lithium-based battery technology. Moreover, multivalent AZIBs offer the opportunity to attain high energy and power density by permitting multiple electron transfers during reversible electrochemical operations [7]. In the context of AZIBs, significant research efforts are being actively pursued to develop high energy density cathode materials and to address the issue of Zn dendrite formation [8]. However, the selection of stable and low-cost current collectors is equally important as it serves as a bridge between the battery components and the external circuit, thereby influencing the battery capacity and its rate capability [9-10]. In this work, we have analyzed the electrochemical behavior of potential current collectors that are used globally in battery applications, namely Ni, Al, carbon paper, Cu mesh, graphite, and stainless steel in near-neutral aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte (pH value = 5-6). The electrochemical stability of different current collectors has been investigated using linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques for their application as anode and cathode collectors. Scanning electron microscopy analysis has also been performed to understand the sign of corrosion post-electrochemical study. With stability up to 2.3 V w.r.t. Zn/Zn2+, Ni has proved to be the most corrosion-resistant current collector among the tested collectors on the cathode side. Although Zn itself is sufficiently stable at the anode side than any other current collector under the ZnSO4 electrolyte environment, Ni has shown considerable stability. Nonetheless, understanding the electrochemical stability of current collectors for AZIBs is a vital step in their design and future practical applications. References [1] Anand, Abhas, and Amitabh Shankar. "Study of Coal Cake Bulk Density and Its Shear Strength for Stamp Charging Coke Making Technique at Tata Steel." Coke and Chemistry 64, no. 7 (2021): 311-321. [2] Mukherjee, Subhrajit, Soumendu Boral, Hammad Siddiqi, Asmita Mishra, and Bhim Charan Meikap. "Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat–A global review." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2021): 104973. [3] Singh, Manish Kr, Jayashree Pati, Deepak Seth, Jagdees Prasad, Manish Agarwal, M. Ali Haider, Jeng-Kuei Chang, and Rajendra S. Dhaka. "Diffusion mechanism and electrochemical investigation of 1T phase Al-MoS2@ rGO nano-composite as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries." Chemical Engineering Journal (2022): 140140. [4] Dixit, Ram Ji, Kaustava Bhattacharyya, Vijay K. Ramani, and Suddhasatwa Basu. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of furfural using non-noble-metal electrocatalysts in alkaline medium." Green Chemistry 23, no. 11 (2021): 4201-4212. [5] Dixit, Ram Ji, and C. B. Majumder. "CO2 capture and electro-conversion into valuable organic products: A batch and continuous study." Journal of CO2 Utilization 26 (2018): 80-92. [6] Tiwari, Pankaj Kr, and Suddhasatwa Basu. "Testing of 5x5 cm2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in Direct Methane." ECS Transactions 91, no. 1 (2019): 349. [7] Li, Tian Chen, Daliang Fang, Jintao Zhang, Mei Er Pam, Zhi Yi Leong, Juezhi Yu, Xue Liang Li, Dong Yan, and Hui Ying Yang. "Recent progress in aqueous zinc-ion batteries: a deep insight into zinc metal anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 10 (2021): 6013-6028. [8] Guo, Na, Wenjie Huo, Xiaoyu Dong, Zhefei Sun, Yutao Lu, Xianwen Wu, Lei Dai et al. "A review on 3D zinc anodes for zinc ion batteries." Small Methods 6, no. 9 (2022): 2200597. [9] Kühnel, Ruben-Simon, and Andrea Balducci. "Comparison of the anodic behavior of aluminum current collectors in imide-based ionic liquids and consequences on the stability of high voltage supercapacitors." Journal of Power Sources 249 (2014): 163-171. [10] Chakrabarty, Sankalpita, J. Alberto Blázquez, Tali Sharabani, Ananya Maddegalla, Olatz Leonet, Idoia Urdampilleta, Daniel Sharon, Malachi Noked, and Ayan Mukherjee. "Stability of Current Collectors Against Corrosion in APC Electrolyte for Rechargeable Mg Battery." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 8 (2021): 080526. Figure 1

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287;112921. Terán E, Mayta-Tovalino F. Risk Factors, Self-perceived Stress, and Clinical Training among Dentistry Students in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(5):561-5. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatligil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well-being, health, and stress sources in Turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013:77(10):1345-55. Agius AM, Gatt G, Vento Zahra E, Busuttil A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Cortes ARG et al. Self-reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12409. Hu J, Zou H, Dai Y, Feng Z. How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12420. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e17-8. Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: the impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas). 2020;37:e200067.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 323-342). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

The intellectual development in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) could be generally divided into two phases, with the first one inherited from the Han Wei period focusing on the meaning of words, while the second phase focuses on the teaching of the Confucian classics. Among the various scholars during the course of this transformation, Dan Zhu (啖助,724-770) has been recognized as a non-mainstream but yet very influential character. To avoid the An-Shi Rebellion, Dan Zhu resided in the south-eastern part of the country where he taught Lu Chun (陸淳) the Chun Qiu (春秋) classic. Many famous Tang political reformers including Lu Wen (呂溫) and Liu Zong Yuan (柳宗元) are considered by historians as Dan Zhu’s students and followers. This has made Dan Zhu even more influential than other Confucius scholars in that period. Nevertheless, due to the controversial nature of his teachings, Dan Zhu was heavily criticized by Ouyang Xiu (歐陽修) as being specious and at the same time appraised by Cheng Yi (程頤) to be one of the fore-runners who founded the Song Confucianism. This research reveals that Dan Zhu abandons the approach of focusing on the meaning wording and goes directly into the teachings of the classics. He considers that there are large amount of mistakes in the then contemporary explanation of Chun Qiu, he also considers that Tang scholars have not just worked in isolation without much view sharing, but also misinterpreted Confucius’ teachings. Moreover, the Tang scholars are treating Chun Qiu as history or even as literature, rather than Confucius’ teaching on how the society should be run. From Dan Zhu’s perspective, Confucius was trying to make use of histories to set proper behavioural standards and protocols for running the country, with an objective of saving the imperial control of Zhou (周). During the mid-Tang period, China was undergoing major social changes from a feudal to a modern society. Tang imperials whose ancestors carried a nomadic blood stream tried to strengthen their control by adopting Confucianism; and placing more emphasis on the south-eastern region where the Han Chinese of the Southern Dynasty was concentrated. Coupling with the civil examination (科舉) reform and the impacts of Zen Buddhism, the Tang society was undergoing major social-political transformation which Dan Zhu was situated right on its course. The research concludes that Dan Zhu’s ideas fit well with Xuan-zong’s (唐玄宗) appeal for revival of Confucius teachings and the social-political setting in Mid-Tang. Although Dan Zhu is considered a non-mainstream scholar, his teachings have brought about significant impacts on later development of the Neo-Confucianism. Nonetheless, Dan Zhu has not deviated from the fundamental principles of a Confucian whose destiny is to serve the people and the country, and of course for Dan Zhu, the Tang Dynasty.
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Chinese
Master
Master of Philosophy