Journal articles: 'Farm buildings'

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Kowalczyk, Zbigniew, and Katarzyna Grotkiewicz. "Wear of Farm Buildings in Selected Farms." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0032.

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AbstractThe objective of the article was to compare the level and structure of wear and tear of various types of the most popular agricultural buildings in the selected agricultural farms. A comparative analysis of physical and functional wear as well as investment expenditures of the selected objects in 2010-2014 was carried out. The scope of the article covered agricultural buildings with which 90 farms in the southern Poland are equipped. These farms were varied on account of the surface area and the production nature. The detailed analysis covered: cowsheds, piggeries, garages, fruit and vegetable storages, greenhouses and barns. The average age of the majority of farm buildings as well as a considerable degree of physical wear in comparison to a lower functional wear was determined.

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Wrest Park History Contributors. "Chapter 10 Farm buildings." Biosystems Engineering 103 (January 2009): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.11.016.

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Cillis, Giuseppe, Dina Statuto, and Pietro Picuno. "Vernacular Farm Buildings and Rural Landscape: A Geospatial Approach for Their Integrated Management." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010004.

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Over the centuries, farm buildings, which accompany the development of agriculture, have played an important role in defining spatial and environmental planning. In some European countries in particular, these rural structures have been built based on traditional agricultural needs and typical land characteristics. Considering the land abandonment that has occurred over the last five decades, with farmers moving to more comfortable residences in neighboring urban settlements, historical farm buildings have often been abandoned, thus causing a leakage of the historical-cultural heritage of the rural landscape. Nowadays, open data and geographic technologies together with advanced technological tools allow us to gather multidisciplinary information about the specific characteristics of each farm building, thus improving our knowledge. This information can greatly support the protection of those buildings and landscapes that have high cultural and naturalistic value. In this paper, the potential of Geographic Information Systems to catalogue the farm buildings of the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) is explored. The analysis of these buildings, traditionally known as masserie, integrates some typical aspects of landscape studies, paving the way for sustainable management of the important cultural heritage represented by vernacular farm buildings and the rural landscape.

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Gilbertson, D. D., and C. O. Hunt. "The UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey XXI: Geomorphological Studies of the Romano-Libyan Farm, its Floodwater Control Structures and Weathered Building Stone at Site Lm4, at the Confluence of Wadi el Amud and Wadi Umm el Bagul in the Libyan Pre-desert." Libyan Studies 21 (1990): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900001448.

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AbstractThe Romano-Libyan farm Lm4 includes a ‘barrage’, water control walls and farm buildings. These were built as part of an agro-hydrological farm system at the confluence of the Wadi el Amud and the Wadi Umm el Bagul in the Libyan pre-desert. The farm appears to have functioned in a geomorphological environment not dissimilar to that which prevails today — with occasional rain storms producing overland flow and floods interrupting a dominance of aeolian processes. Field mapping revealed that substantial scatters of midden made up of abraded pottery, bone, and animal dung occur around the buildings. Animals appear to have been kept near to these buildings, which lead to coprolites becoming a very important component of these anthropogenic sediments. Such activity gave rise to significant bioturbation of the sediments, and a notable former vegetation cover. The petrology of the building stones used in the farm buildings is described using petrographic thin section studies. Cavernous weathering and case-hardening are shown to have developed after the stone was incorporated within the building. The size and distribution of these features are shown to relate to the nature of the bedrock used — especially the form and distribution of joints and sedimentary parting planes — as well as the distribution and thickness of the surficial soils and sediments, and the shape and form of the building.

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Barnwell, P. S. "Farm Buildings and the Industrial Age." Industrial Archaeology Review 27, no. 1 (May 2005): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030907205x44466.

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Roberts, Brian. "Farm Buildings in England and Wales." Journal of Rural Studies 2, no. 3 (January 1986): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(86)90012-4.

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Benni, Stefano, Elisabetta Carfagna, Daniele Torreggiani, Elisabetta Maino, Marco Bovo, and Patrizia Tassinari. "Multidimensional Measurement of the Level of Consistency of Farm Buildings with Rural Heritage: A Methodology Tested on an Italian Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154242.

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The industrialization after World War II marked a severe discontinuity between rural heritage and contemporary farm buildings. Rural landscapes have thus become more and more uniform; historical buildings are often abandoned and degraded, while contemporary buildings are often disconnected from their surrounding environment. Besides aiming to protect and restore rural heritage—more and more acknowledged as a common good contributing to societal identity—attention should be paid to increasing the quality of new buildings, a crucial issue to improve landscape quality in everyday landscape contexts. Based on a series of previous studies carried out to develop and test a robust methodology allowing the analysis of the main formal features of rural buildings, organized in a comprehensive framework known as the FarmBuiLD model (Farm Building Landscape Design), this study aims to perform an integrated and compared analysis of sets of traditional and contemporary rural buildings through experimental trials on an Italian case study. In particular, the study focuses on defining and measuring indexes allowing the quantification of the level of consistency of contemporary buildings with the traditional typologies. A contemporary farm building is evaluated based on the distance of each of its formal features from those which proved to be representative of the corresponding traditional building type, evaluated through a cluster analysis of the typological characters of traditional buildings in the study area. The results showed that different degrees of dissonance can be detected. Similarities have been found, in particular with respect to the shape of buildings and their closure with regards to landscape. The major dissonances are related to the perception of buildings as flattened on the ground, due to their excessively elongated shape, and in the case of buildings completely permeable to landscape, this being necessary for structural purposes and for the type of use of historic buildings. The expected impact of this study is to provide designers and planners with indicators allowing the evaluation, on an objective basis, of the level of consistency of new buildings with local rural heritage, thus supporting both design phases and project evaluation as well as building management processes (maintenance, restoration, extension, change in use, etc.).

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Van Allen, Nicholas. "Michigan Family Farms and Farm Buildings: Landscapes of the Heart and Mind." Journal of Rural Studies 27, no. 3 (July 2011): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.05.003.

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Mackay, Michael, Tracy Nelson, and Harvey C. Perkins. "Agritourism and the adaptive re-use of farm buildings in New Zealand." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0047.

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AbstractThis paper reports findings from a study of the adaptive re-purposing of farm buildings for a wide array of agritourism activities. The research is being conducted in New Zealand where the international visitor sector is thriving. In response, an increasing number of farmers are attempting to boost their farm incomes by adding tourism ventures to their business portfolios. In doing so, many of them are using and preserving rural cultural heritage, particularly old agricultural and other rural buildings, while also diversifying farm activity. This element of agritourism therefore has an important role in the protection and adaptive re-use of farm buildings, farm landscape change, and the creation of new value and values in the countryside. In the cases we have studied, this entrepreneurial activity is largely farmer-driven and undertaken with some, but limited, financial support from central and local government. In considering the policy implications of our work, we call for the provision of advisory services to facilitate and enable New Zealand farmers to create profitable and sustainable high-quality tourism services that simultaneously preserve farm buildings.

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Wisdianti, Dara, Faurantia Forlana Sigit, Purwo Siswoyo, and M. Aly Mujahidin. "Living Lab Farm Area Building Design." International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology (ICESST) 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/icesst.v2i1.259.

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A living lab is an open innovation ecosystem in a real-life environment that uses an iterative feedback process across innovation lifecycle approaches to create sustainable impact. Living lab is an area that is projected to become a field laboratory and workshop center that accommodates all study programs at UNPAB. This area is also planned to become Ecoedutourism. This analysis resulted in the design of supporting buildings in the Al Amin Science and Industrial Park (Living Lab) farm area. The results of this design are expected to be a direction for the development of supporting buildings in the Farm area of Al Amin Science and Industrial Park (Living Lab).

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Blumendeller, Esther, Martin Hofsäß, Arne Goerlitz, and Po Wen Cheng. "Impact of wind turbine operation conditions on infrasonic and low frequency sound induced by on-shore wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 032048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032048.

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Abstract In this paper, the influence of wind turbine operation conditions, like rotational speed, nacelle position and output power, on the low- and infrasonic sound emissions at the wind farm and sound immissions at residential buildings will be investigated. For this purpose, parallel measurements were carried out at a wind farm on the Swabian Alb in complex terrain and at four residential locations in the vicinity of the wind farm over a period of two months. Distinctive tones can be assigned to the blade passage at different rotational speeds. Furthermore, tones at 28.9 Hz (rated) and 18.3 Hz (below rated) with two higher harmonics can be attributed to the wind turbine generator. Wind farm infrasonic tones at the blade passing frequency were detected at the wind farm and residential buildings. At the residential buildings infrasonic tones were detected mainly for maximum rotational speed of the wind turbines and seem to be independent from wind direction.

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Bottino-Leone, Dario, Dagmar Elisabet Exner, Jennifer Adami, Alexandra Troi, and Jessica Balest. "An Energy Self-Sufficient Alpine Hut: The Refurbishment of an Ex-Tobacco Farm Using Building Integrated Photovoltaics." Buildings 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2024): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020518.

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The abandonment and deterioration of historic rural buildings in Europe raise significant issues, including hydrogeological risks, the loss of productive land, and cultural heritage decline. Despite being underestimated, these structures hold significant potential for cultural and productive activities. Renovating these structures is crucial for local communities committed to preserving their heritage, and it is a more sustainable approach than constructing new buildings. This study explores activities undertaken in the Interreg IT/AT project “SHELTER” in Valbrenta (IT): through a participatory approach involving communities, stakeholders, designers, and researchers, an energy concept is developed for refurbishing an abandoned tobacco farm, chosen by the community, to be an alpine hut. Due to the inability to connect to the city electricity grid, the new energy concept focuses on minimizing consumption through envelope refurbishment, efficient heating, and domestic hot water systems. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources, particularly Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), is emphasized to preserve the building’s original appearance. This study demonstrates the feasibility of meeting seasonal energy needs entirely through renewables and explores the potential integration of biomass for meeting annual energy requirements.

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Et. al., Zhaina Zhanaykyzy TOLEGEN,. "Agricultural Product Safety: Vertical Farm Project Concept." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 11 (May 10, 2021): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.5984.

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In this article, we propose the concept of developing a modular cell for the construction of a vertical truss, which is attached to the bulk of residential buildings. The main idea is to introduce a modular cell in the Kazakhstan market for the development of urban farming. Vertical farms made up of modular cells are designed for growing organic agricultural products in urban environments. It is proposed to place vertical trusses in the blind, functionally undeveloped ends of residential buildings.The relevance of the production of organic agricultural products is outlined in the strategic development plan of the country, as one of the important areas responsible for the growth of the well-being of the people and the health of the younger generation. One of the well-known methods of organizing organic agriculture in urban settings is the use of vertical farms. Vertical trusses are widely used in the form of separate equipment-racks located inside the room. There are design proposals for vertical trusses in the form of separate independent buildings. The vertical truss proposed in this study consists of modular cells, which allows you to apply different compositional solutions. This cell has the ability to be arranged in different ways and adapt to any area. Vertical trusses will be built into the blind ends of residential buildings. After all, it is known that the area under the blind ends of 5-9-storey residential buildings do not find their high-quality use and very often create unfavorable, to some extent criminally dangerous sections of the city. According to the latest statistics of criminology, most of the crimes committed in the city occur in areas with blind ends of residential buildings. The height and total area of the vertical trusses will depend on the height of the residential buildings and on the overall aesthetic design of the spatial organization of the environment. The competitive advantage of the developed modular cell is the versatility of its application, mobility, as well as the interdisciplinary basis of the combined areas-architecture, design, agriculture, healthcare, construction, etc.The expected result is the qualitative development of urban farming, which can become a new market niche for the production of organic products. Urban farming can become new jobs for the residents of the houses in which vertical farms are built. And also, one of the directions in solving the problems of creating conditions for the growth of the well-being of the people and the health of the younger generation.

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Álvarez, Carlos J., Manuel F. Marey, and Carlos Amiama. "Criteria for assessing dairy farm types." Recursos Rurais, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/rr.id5319.

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In Galicia and in the rest of Spain, dairy barns are going through a transition to implement the latest technologies, improve labour efficiency, and increase size. Barns with capacity for more cows are required due to the new market demands. Such barns must be perfectly defined, so that the construction of new buildings may entail reduced investment and operating costs. A wrong decision in the design phase can lead to serious financial trouble, even to the extent of making the farm economically non-viable.This study focuses in determining the factors that most strongly affect the construction costs of dairy housing, based on the most common barn designs in Galicia. Such factors are determined by implementing different indices that analyse the shape of the building.The implemented indices concern the design of the building –mainly its shape– and consider in all cases the relation of the design to the total cost and cost per item of the different constructions. Among these indices, the ‘ratio of area to perimeter squared’ or shape index (dimensionless), and elongation (ratio between the length and the width of the building), enable the determination of the shapes that are more convenient from the economic perspective. The cost of the building envelope per square meter varies as the barn area increases. The relation between the variation in the cost of the building envelope and both indices is studied for the different design options considered.With the data obtained, some guidelines are suggested in order to help project designers find the most appropriate result for their design work.

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Hopkins, Lewis D. "Book Review: Michigan Family Farms and Farm Buildings: Landscapes of the Heart and Mind." Journal of Planning Education and Research 31, no. 3 (August 24, 2011): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x11400029.

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Snyder, Eldon E. "Teaching Qualitative Research: The Meanings Associated with Farm Buildings." Teaching Sociology 23, no. 1 (January 1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1319372.

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Peters, J. E. C. "Post-Medieval Roof Trusses in Some Staffordshire Farm Buildings." Vernacular Architecture 19, no. 1 (June 1988): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/vea.1988.19.1.24.

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Alcock, Nathaniel W. "A history of farm buildings in England and Wales." Journal of Rural Studies 1, no. 3 (January 1985): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(85)90115-9.

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Khalin, S., and V. Smolyar. "ANALYSIS OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN SMALL POULTRY FARMS." Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine 1, no. 32(46) (2023): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-15.

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Summary Purpose of the study is to analyze the requirements for the construction of modern small poultry farms for keeping poultry of various species. Research methods. Analytical studies devoted to the requirements for the construction of small poultry farms were conducted based on available scientific and informational reports by means of an analysis of the current state of this problem in European countries. Results. It was noted that during the construction of small poultry farms, it is important to comply with the requirements for the placement of poultry, depending on the available land in the farm and the dimensional characteristics of buildings for keeping poultry. Research in the conditions of a poultry farm was analyzed, with a comparison of different types of bedding materials. The main trends in the construction of small poultry farms were noted: the placement of poultry depending on the available land in the farm and the dimensional characteristics of the buildings; small hangar-type buildings for keeping poultry; mobile poultry houses; the main method of keeping poultry is floor; cascading keeping of chickens on three levels; the floor in the poultry house must be waterproof; the slatted floor can occupy only a limited area of the poultry house; use of bedding materials, including non-traditional ones; calculation of the thermal balance of the building; organic production of poultry products; landscaping of walking areas for birds. Conclusions. The analysis of the requirements for the construction of modern small poultry farms testified that in European countries with developed poultry farming there is a constant process of improving buildings for keeping poultry in order to effectively manage the industry and obtain high-quality products. The materials presented in the publication will be useful in the future for the development of design solutions for buildings for keeping poultry of various species. Key words: poultry, geese, turkeys, ducks, chickens, poultry farming.

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Zilgalvis, Jānis. "Laidu Manor House School. Assessment of Cultural Heritage Assets upon Closing of the School." Landscape architecture and art, no. 20 (November 8, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2022.20.02.

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The architecture of Courland manor houses is rich in classical monuments. Many of them form impressive building ensembles. The use of the buildings varies, historically – schools, parish boards, farm administrations, nowadays – guesthouses, private properties and still schools. One such site is in Laidi, where the existence of a school is problematic.

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Rowe, Frederick P., Roger J. Quy, and Thomas Swinney. "Recolonization of the buildings on a farm by house mice." Acta Theriologica 32 (May 10, 1987): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.87-1.

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Смирнова, Елизавета Михайловна, and Наталия Николаевна Карпина. "Legal Characteristics of Constructing Residential Buildings on Agricultural Lands." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2022.46.78.014.

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В статье рассмотрен вопрос о нововведении в законодательстве, а именно о возможности строительства жилых домов на территории земель сельскохозяйственного назначения. Вопрос касается собственников земельных участков, ведущих фермерское хозяйство или крестьянское хозяйство, начиная с 1 марта 2022 г. Это нововведение направлено на ликвидацию имеющегося барьера по строительству домов на территории крестьянского (фермерского) хозяйства и выполнения условий, которые предъявляются к региональным органам власти и органам местного самоуправления, с одной стороны, и фермерам - с другой, в целях сохранности указанной категории земель от непрофильной застройки. We consider novelties in legislation, namely the possibility of building residential houses on agricultural lands. The issue concerns the owners of land plots running a farm or a peasant farm since March 1, 2022. The novelty in question is aimed at eliminating the existing barrier to the construction of houses on the farm territory as well as meeting the requirements placed on regional state authorities and local governments on the one hand, and farmers on the other hand, to preserve this category of land from non-core development

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Lee, Jieun, Eunteak Lim, Nahyang Byun, and Donghwa Shon. "Eco-Friendly Technology Derivation and Planning for Rooftop Greenhouse Smart Farm." Buildings 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020398.

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Rooftop greenhouse-type smart farms are a promising solution to the climate and food crises because they can utilize waste heat and CO2 from buildings for plant growth and supply fresh produce to urban areas at a low price. However, legal and structural constraints make it difficult to expand existing rooftops to accommodate smart farms, and standardized glass greenhouses are often installed as is, which may not be the most efficient or eco-friendly approach. The purpose of this study is to present a plan for integrating eco-friendly technologies between buildings and smart farms. In the study, 214 eco-friendly and smart farm cases were collected, and a database was built from the perspective of the environment and eco-friendly technology for plant growth. Thirty experts from architects, professors, and greenhouse installation companies were evaluated to determine which eco-friendly technologies can be applied to smart farms. From a building integration perspective, eco-friendly technologies applicable to smart farms were derived from a plant growth perspective. Based on the derived eco-friendly elements, it can be used in planning a rooftop greenhouse-type smart farm.

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Blakely, Edward J. "A Review of “Michigan Family Farms and Farm Buildings: Landscapes of the Heart and Mind”." Journal of the American Planning Association 77, no. 3 (July 2011): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2011.588582.

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Hislop, Malcolm, Shane Kelleher, and Susanna Wade Martins. "'Vernacular' or 'Polite'? George Tollet's Farm Buildings at Old Hall Farm, Betley, Newcastle Under Lyme, Staffordshire." Vernacular Architecture 39, no. 1 (December 2008): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174962908x365037.

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Hartung, J. "Health Risks in Farm Animal Buildings due to the Air." ASU International 2014, no. 08 (August 4, 2014): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asui.2014-08-04-01.

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Rowe, F. P., T. Swinney, and R. J. Quy. "Reproduction of the House mouse (Mus musculus) in farm buildings." Journal of Zoology 199, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb02094.x.

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Dowrick, D. J., and D. A. Rhoades. "Damage ratios for domestic buildings in the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 30, 1990): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.23.2.137-149.

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This paper describes an analysis of damage costs to house and farm property in the Ms = 6.6 Edgecumbe New Zealand earthquake of 2 March 1987. The study investigated damage ratios for dwellings, plus their associated garages and farm buildings. The damage costs were converted to damage ratios, by dividing them by the total value of the relevant property in the intensity zones concerned. The mean values and statistical distributions of these damage ratios were then found, the lognormal distribution fitting very well. The mean damage ratio for house buildings at MM intensity IX was 0.08, and the mean damage ratios were generally smaller than previous studies had shown.

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Bisiani, Thomas, Sara Basso, Pierluigi Martolana, and Adriano Venudo. "Vertical Farm: from Agriculture to a New City Architecture." Going high! The pros and cons of city verticalization, no. 25 (October 25, 2023): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/f410020015.

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The paper deals with the architectural theme of high-rise construction by cross-referencing it with that of soilless agriculture, recognizing new typologies and critically identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a new relationship between architecture, city and agriculture. From a disciplinary point of view, the text is organized in four distinct topics. The first part deals with height construction from a theoretical and disciplinary point of view. An excursus identifies in the high-rise buildings a human archetype that today defines certain features of architecture and landscapes in the age of globalization. The second part delves into the subject of soilless agriculture in terms of agronomic technique, with the aim of understanding its origin, efficiency and potential, but also its limits and weaknesses. The analysis is carried out by investigating the production factors at play, such as land, labor and capital, in relation to the revolutions that have characterized the agricultural production sector since the 16th century. The third part analyses three different cases of vertical farms from an architectural perspective because they are alternative to each other and paradigmatic. The skyscraper model is transformed. Agricultural activity, housing models and aggregated urban functions give rise to complex buildings. The first case is Richard Rogers' 2015 Skyfarm, the second is Carlo Ratti's Jian Mu Tower designed in Shenzen in 2021, the third example is Chris Precht's 2019 Farmhouse. The last part addresses a broader picture: food, cities, social justice, but also urban regeneration, recovery and recycling. Vertical farms are observed from an urban planning angle and considered as a useful element for guiding development and growth in cities and rewriting the relationship between architecture and the countryside. An opportunity to reinvent the multifunctional tall building, open to new ways of living and to redefine the design of the city

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Helgesson, Bertil, and Håkan Aspeborg. "An Iron Age Magnate Farm at Odarslöv – a local centre in the realm of Uppåkra." Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History, no. 20 (February 13, 2023): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/jaah.vi20.88.

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In this article, a newly excavated Iron Age farm with an associated gravefield and its surrounding landscape outside the city of Lund is examined, discussed, analysed and placed in its context. The biography of the farm spans about 400 years, from the Late Roman Iron Age to the Early Vendel Period. Through all phases, the farm remains on a restricted plot and shows both stability and prosperity. It is argued that the farm, based on its size, the number and types of buildings and the find material, can be considered a magnate farm. As magnates, the farm owners must have played an important role in the local community during a time when society underwent change and transition. The farm and the farm owners’ relation to Uppåkra and the rulers of the central place are discussed.

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Torreggiani, Daniele, Valentina Corzani, Stefano Benni, and Patrizia Tassinari. "Design of farm winery façades for the optimisation of indoor natural lighting: a case study." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 43, no. 4 (June 14, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2013.e3.

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This paper deals with the theme of daylighting performances of rural buildings, within a broader research context aimed at establishing design criteria for farm wineries. The objective is to benchmark the performances of different window systems in order to define design guidelines directed towards the optimisation of natural lighting to improve visual comfort and reduce energy consumption. A winegrowing and producing farm with standard features in the Emilia- Romagna region, Northern Italy, is considered as a case study. Particular attention was given to the part of the building designated for tasting activities. The study considered several opening solutions in the building envelope, and showed the effectiveness of those involving south <em>façade</em> glazing with appropriate screening systems. Further analyses will aim to investigate the performance of windows distributed on several fronts, including heat balance assessment.

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Little, Stephen, Andrew Woodward, Glenn Browning, and Helen Billman-Jacobe. "Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113268.

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Drinking water distribution systems (WDSs) within buildings on pig farms have critical elements of their design and management that impact water provision to pigs, water quality, the efficacy of in-water antimicrobial dosing, and, thus, pig health and performance. We used a mixed-methods approach to survey managers of 25 medium to large single-site and multi-site pig farming enterprises across eastern and southern Australia. We found wide variation in the configuration (looped or branched) and total length of WDSs within buildings across farms and in pipe materials and diameters. Within many conventional buildings and some eco-shelters, WDSs were ‘over-sized’, comprising large-diameter main pipelines with high holding volumes, resulting in slow velocity water flows through sections of a WDS’s main pipeline. In over half of the weaner buildings and one-third of grower/finisher buildings, the number of pigs per drinker exceeded the recommended maximum. Few farms measured flow rates from drinkers quantitatively. WDS sanitization was not practiced on many farms, and few managers were aware of the risks to water quality and pig health. We identified important aspects of water provision to pigs for which valuable recommendations could be added to industry guidelines available to pig farm managers.

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Guéneau, Virgile, Ana Rodiles, Jean-Christophe Piard, Bastien Frayssinet, Mathieu Castex, Julia Plateau-Gonthier, and Romain Briandet. "Capture and Ex-Situ Analysis of Environmental Biofilms in Livestock Buildings." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010002.

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Little information about biofilm microbial communities on the surface of livestock buildings is available yet. While these spatially organized communities proliferate in close contact with animals and can harbor undesirable microorganisms, no standardized methods have been described to sample them non-destructively. We propose a reproducible coupon-based capture method associated with a set of complementary ex-situ analysis tools to describe the major features of those communities. To demonstrate the biofilm dynamics in a pig farm building, we analyzed the coupons on polymeric and metallic materials, as representative of these environments, over 4 weeks. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed a rapid coverage of the coupons with a thick layer of biological material and the existence of dispersed clusters of active metabolic microorganisms. After detaching the cells from the coupons, counts to quantify the CFU/cm2 were done with high reproducibility. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region shows bacterial diversity profiles in accordance with reported bacteria diversity in pig intestinal ecosystems and reveals differences between materials. The coupon-based methodology allows us to deepen our knowledge on biofilm structure and composition on the surface of a pig farm and opens the door for application in different types of livestock buildings.

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Judge, Johanna, Robbie A. McDonald, Neil Walker, and Richard J. Delahay. "Effectiveness of Biosecurity Measures in Preventing Badger Visits to Farm Buildings." PLoS ONE 6, no. 12 (December 29, 2011): e28941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028941.

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Bergeron, Jean-Marie, and Guy D'Astous. "House mouse populations in different farm buildings and livestock Feed Losses." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 28, no. 2 (November 13, 2008): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01944.x.

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Mittal, Gauri S., Lambert Otten, and Ralph B. Brown. "Short-term monitoring and performance evaluation of solar-heated farm buildings." Energy and Buildings 9, no. 3 (August 1986): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(86)90019-8.

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Vikhorev, A. K., and Yu A. Bagdasarov. "Foundations of farm buildings in tamped trenches on dense moraine soils." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 23, no. 6 (November 1986): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01716687.

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Shon, Donghwa, Eunseok Lee, Yejin Lee, Jieun Lee, and Nahyang Byun. "Characteristics of Smart Farms for Architectural Planning and Design." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010093.

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In the 21st century, humanity is facing unprecedented climate and food crises caused by population growth, urbanization, environmental pollution, and carbon emissions. As a response to the climate and food crisis, the following concept has emerged: smart urban agriculture that can reduce carbon emissions from buildings and achieve self-sufficiency in food. Various architectural designs that include smart farms are being explored worldwide. Nevertheless, the concept does not seem to have gained sufficient popular traction. This study attempted to materialize the concept by presenting types and characteristics from an architectural planning and design perspective by examining cases of smart farm constructions worldwide. After collecting 171 smart farm cases from around the world and building a database in terms of city, architecture, environment, and crops, the types were classified through SOM analysis, an artificial neural network-based cluster analysis methodology. As a result of the analysis, smart farm types were classified into seven types, and the characteristics of architectural planning and design were extracted for each type. It is meaningful that a specific form was presented so that planning and design can be easily accessed according to the situation placed through the type of smart farm.

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Gough, Kevin Christopher, Claire Alison Baker, Steve Hawkins, Hugh Simmons, Timm Konold, and Ben Charles Maddison. "Rapid recontamination of a farm building occurs after attempted prion removal." Veterinary Record 184, no. 3 (January 2, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105054.

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The transmissible spongiform encephalopathy scrapie of sheep/goats and chronic wasting disease of cervids are associated with environmental reservoirs of infectivity. Preventing environmental prions acting as a source of infectivity to healthy animals is of major concern to farms that have had outbreaks of scrapie and also to the health management of wild and farmed cervids. Here, an efficient scrapie decontamination protocol was applied to a farm with high levels of environmental contamination with the scrapie agent. Post-decontamination, no prion material was detected within samples taken from the farm buildings as determined using a sensitive in vitro replication assay (sPMCA). A bioassay consisting of 25 newborn lambs of highly susceptible prion protein genotype VRQ/VRQ introduced into this decontaminated barn was carried out in addition to sampling and analysis of dust samples that were collected during the bioassay. Twenty-four of the animals examined by immunohistochemical analysis of lymphatic tissues were scrapie-positive during the bioassay, samples of dust collected within the barn were positive by month 3. The data illustrates the difficulty in decontaminating farm buildings from scrapie, and demonstrates the likely contribution of farm dust to the recontamination of these environments to levels that are capable of causing disease.

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Solarz, Krzysztof, Celina Pająk, Olga Pawełczyk, Rafał Bobiński, Maria Ciechacka, Mieczysław Dutka, and Izabela Ulman-Włodarz. "Mites occurring in farm buildings as allergic agents and indicators in forensic analyses." Acarologia 62, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/gsxm-p9jj.

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Storage mites, especially several species in the families Acaridae, Glycyphagidae, and Chortoglyphidae are commonly found in farming and occupational environments. They are a source of clinically important allergens, and may also have a significant impact on forensic analyses. They may be of use in forensic situations, particularly as allergenic taxa, in relation to workers who are occupationally exposed to mites. Additionally, because many of them are present through all stages of vertebrate decomposition, they may provide valuable information as indicators of time and circumstances of death. This study aimed to investigate the possible occurrence and abundance of allergenic mites in farm buildings, as well as to examine and analyse collected material samples in relation to forensic medicine. A total of 58 samples from 15 farms in the Żywiecki district (Silesian Province, Poland) were examined as potential sources of allergenic mites in farm buildings with a special reference to forensic acarology. Mites were found in all the examined samples. A total of 4,473 specimens were isolated and 22 mite species were identified. Most of them were found in barns and pigsties. The species composition of the acarofauna was varied across the particular types of farm buildings examined. Generally, the dominant species were representatives of families Acaridae and Glycyphagidae (Astigmatina). This knowledge may be useful in a variety of cases or situations in the field of forensic medicine.

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Bennett, Paul, and Ahmed Buzaian. "A preliminary survey of Gasr Shibna, Benghazi." Libyan Studies 37 (2006): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026371890000399x.

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AbstractThis paper provides a preliminary record of a recently damaged Roman farm and late Roman fortified building (gasr) located in the eastern suburbs of Benghazi. The remains of the farm buildings are briefly described, together with the more substantial remains of the gasr. The site was truncated during the building of a new road, with further damage occurring during the construction of a major water main and the building of new houses. The plight of Gasr Shibna and other sites threatened by development in the outskirts of Benghazi is discussed, with the conclusion that these sites are representative of the ongoing, rapidly increasing and widespread destruction of Libyan cultural heritage by development across the country as a whole. The paper concludes with an appeal for the development of a stronger, well-resourced Department of Antiquities, the establishment of a National Sites and Monuments Record to assist with the curation and protection of ancient sites and improved planning legislation to ensure that future prosperity is not being secured at the cost of Libyan heritage.

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Inerbaev, B. O., S. N. Mager, I. A. Khramtsova, A. T. Inerbaeva, and N. V. Chaiko. "Technological solution of a modular family farm." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 4 (January 5, 2024): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2023-42-4-42-50.

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The technological solution of a modular family farm for producing high-quality and environmentally friendly beef is presented. The development aims to make beef using bulls-producers of meat and graded dairy cows. The family farm project was developed considering the generalisation of the best practices of organising peasant farms and scientific research of SIBNIPTIZH. It assumes a comprehensive solution for a family farm, including, in addition to industrial housing facilities with outbuildings and a personal plot, the introduction of the most acceptable methods for keeping animals, type of feeding, design parameters of industrial buildings and elements of technology equipment, small-sized machinery, as well as the organisation of labour and production. The technological solution is to grow and fatten young animals using the low-cost technology of beef cattle breeding "cow-calf" from culled dairy cows suitable for reproduction. The optimal scheme of placement and movement of technological groups of cows and repair young animals has been determined. Variants of space-planning solutions for building a modular family farm for 26 cows have been developed. Cows, repair heifers and calves are kept in a lightweight cowshed. Cows are kept on a leash. Calves are kept loose. Young animals, after weaning from cows, are transferred to another room. From the age of 6 months, heifers and bulls are kept separately. Young animals in winter are in a lightweight room with a deep litter. Bulls older than 12 months are not grazed. They are intensively reared and fattened up to 17 months when they reach a live weight of 439 kg.

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Gorączko, Marcin, and Aleksandra Gorączko. "Vernacular architecture and traditional rural landscape in new socio-economic realities - a case study from Central Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 30, no. 30 (December 1, 2015): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0034.

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Abstract The article presents the results of the research survey of the old rural constructions in the Koło Basin (Central Poland) and its closest vicinity, conducted by the authors in the period 2011-2013. From the beginning of the 19th century until the late 1960s, the population of that region tended to use for construction limestone, instead of wood which for centuries was the most common building material on Polish lowlands. Using the local deposits of limestone, excavated near Rożaniatow village, various structures were built, with the parts of the building most endangered by degradation made of ceramic bricks (for corners and window/door frames) or glacial erratics (for wall base), thereby forming structures with specific architectural and aesthetic features, unique to that region. The survey was conducted in 165 villages of the region, cataloguing more than 2,000 such structures - residential buildings, farm facilities, industrial buildings. Many of these buildings display a similar elevation style of same-coloured stones, making them one of the most specific elements of the landscape. The analysed area, just like the majority of rural Poland, is currently undergoing socio-economic changes which started in the 1990s and intensified after Poland joined the European Union. Changes in production profiles and farm sizes, migration of rural population to cities or countries of Western and Northern Europe, and progress of suburbanization are some of the main factors which trigger significant changes in the settlement network of the country. This is the right moment to assess whether the traditional solutions applied in the rural construction of the Koło Basin are worth modern application or whether they are only an element of cultural heritage valuable just from the historical perspective.

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Kačániová, Miroslava, Margarita Terentjeva, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Mária Babošová, Jana Ivanič Porhajašová, Wafaa M. Hikal, and Mariia Fedoriak. "Bacteriota and Antibiotic Resistance in Spiders." Insects 13, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13080680.

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Arthropods are reported to serve as vectors of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans, animals, and the environment. The aims of our study were (i) to identify the external bacteriota of spiders inhabiting a chicken farm and slaughterhouse and (ii) to detect antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. In total, 102 spiders of 14 species were collected from a chicken farm, slaughterhouse, and buildings located in west Slovakia in 2017. Samples were diluted in peptone buffered water, and Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), Triple Sugar Agar (TSI), Blood Agar (BA), and Anaerobic Agar (AA) were used for inoculation. A total of 28 genera and 56 microbial species were isolated from the samples. The most abundant species were Bacillus pumilus (28 isolates) and B. thuringensis (28 isolates). The least isolated species were Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (one isolate), Kocuria rhizophila (two isolates), Paenibacillus polymyxa (two isolates), and Staphylococcus equorum (two isolates). There were differences in microbial composition between the samples originating from the slaughterhouse, chicken farm, and buildings. The majority of the bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics were isolated from the chicken farm. The isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia, and Salmonella spp., which possess multiple drug resistance, is of public health concern.

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Rovang, Sarah. "Envisioning the Future of Modern Farming." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.2.201.

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At the 1939 New York World’s Fair, the Electric Utility Industry sponsored a one-acre working model called the Electrified Farm. Facing increasing competition from the New Deal’s Rural Electrification Administration, the farm’s corporate sponsors used the exhibit to advocate a new, electrified rural lifestyle enabled by private power and industry. Sarah Rovang demonstrates that the eight buildings of the Electrified Farm, designed by the firm of Harrison & Fouilhoux, evinced a cohesive modern aesthetic that stylistically echoed the modernity of the exhibit’s electrical lighting, appliances, and farm equipment. At the exhibit, electricity rendered farm work and domestic labor more efficient and professional, but it did not fundamentally disrupt entrenched ideals of the family farm. Contextualizing the farm’s architecture within contemporary stylistic and cultural trends, Envisioning the Future of Modern Farming: The Electrified Farm at the 1939 New York World’s Fair reveals the sponsors’ multiple and ultimately incompatible ambitions for the future of American agriculture, highlighting in particular the problematic implications of the Electrified Farm for gender relations and farm labor.

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Adesanya, Misbaudeen Aderemi, Wook-Ho Na, Anis Rabiu, Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo, Timothy Denen Akpenpuun, Adnan Rasheed, Yong-Cheol Yoon, and Hyun-Woo Lee. "TRNSYS Simulation and Experimental Validation of Internal Temperature and Heating Demand in a Glass Greenhouse." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 8283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148283.

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The energy demand in greenhouses is enormous, and high-performance covering materials and thermal screens with varying radiometric properties are used to optimise the energy demand in building energy simulations (BES). Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) software is a common BES tool used to model the thermal performance of buildings. The calculation of the greenhouse internal temperature and heating demand in TRNSYS involves the solution of the transient heat transfer processes. This study modelled the temperature and heating demand of two multi-span glass greenhouses with concave (farm A) and convex (farm B) shapes. This study aims to investigate the influence of the different BES longwave radiation modes on greenhouse internal temperature in different zones and the heating demand of a conditioned zone. The standard hourly simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the standard and detailed modes accurately predicted greenhouse internal temperature (the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) > 0.7 for all three zones separated by thermal screens) and heating demand (NSE > 0.8) for farms A and B. The monthly heating demand predicted by the simple and standard radiation modes for farm A matched the experimental measurements with deviations within 27.7% and 7.6%, respectively. The monthly heating demand predicted by the simple, standard, and detailed radiation modes for farm B were similar to the experimental measurements with deviations within 10.5%, 6.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. In the order of decreasing accuracy, the results showed that the preferred radiation modes for the heating demand were standard and simple for farm A, and detailed, standard, and simple for farm B.

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Song, Jung-Min. "Emission Characteristics of Odorous Compounds from a Swine Farm on Jeju Island, Korea." Atmosphere 15, no. 3 (March 6, 2024): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030327.

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This study investigated 26 malodorous substances emitted from a swine farm on Jeju Island, South Korea, to discern their specific emission characteristics and potential implications for workers’ health and environmental management. A detailed analysis of emissions from livestock buildings, the compost facility, and the manure storage tank was conducted. Accurate quantification involved rigorous collection methods measuring concentrations of NH3, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), trimethylamine (TMA), aldehyde compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), p-cresol, indole, and skatole. High concentrations of NH3 and H2S, particularly in the manure storage tank, raised concerns about the health of workers. TMA levels were notably elevated in the livestock building, whereas aldehydes and VOCs remained within limits. VFAs were prevalent in the livestock building, with p-cresol, indole, and skatole in the manure storage tank. Distinct emission profiles across farm facilities highlight the need for tailored odor management strategies, ensuring worker well-being and effective environmental practices. These findings offer valuable insights for implementing targeted mitigation measures in similar agricultural settings.

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Tassinari, Patrizia, and Stefano Benni. "STATE OF THE ART OF SEISMIC DESIGN OF RC PRECAST FARM BUILDINGS." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2008.2.19.

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Visser, Thomas D. "A Primer on Conservation Assessments and Emergency Stabilization for Historic Farm Buildings." APT Bulletin 25, no. 3/4 (1993): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504469.

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Guyot, Y., L. Ravon, G. Laval, A. Collin, L. Guilloteau, A. Redo, F. De Louw, et al. "On-farm hatching is it possible in buildings equipped with radiant heats?" Animal - science proceedings 13, no. 5 (October 2022): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anscip.2022.05.152.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Farm buildings'

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