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1
Peeples, Scott. "Poe, Brennan Farm, and the Literary Life." Poe Studies 49, no. 1 (2016): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/poe.2016.a643024.
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Less than two months after moving from Philadelphia to New York, Poe, Virginia, and Maria Clemm moved in with the Brennan family in their farmhouse near present-day Amsterdam Avenue and Eighty-fourth Street, about five miles north of the densely populated portion of the city During this productive period of Poe’s career, he seems to have been more than usually obsessed with the perils of the magazine publishing world and his place in it. His letters and published writing reveal that he felt isolated, reflecting a frustration with his current situation while pointing the way toward the high-profile literary life he sought. “The Raven,” which he completed and published during this time, was the vehicle to greater renown; as an attention-grabbing tour de force about interior experience, it also mirrors the productive tension Poe found between the publishing hub of lower Manhattan and the seclusion of Brennan Farm.
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Maddux, Carolyn, and Bruce Bair. "Good Land, or, My Life as a Farm Boy." Antioch Review 55, no. 4 (1997): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4613588.
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Charles, David, Alice Miller, Ami Sawran, et al. "Why aren't students choosing farm animal practice and what can be done about it?" Livestock 28, no. 3 (2023): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.3.134.
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The profession faces a recruitment and retention problem, whilst at the same time increasing numbers of students aren't selecting careers within farm animal practice. Recent research from universities and the student Farm Animal Veterinary Society have considered causes and barriers. More recent movements by several farm vets and veterinary associations have sought to highlight farm vets without ‘traditional’ farm vet backgrounds. This article considers the FAVS report ( Owen, 2023 ) alongside other literature and research into potential barriers to students entering farm animal practice, whilst the panel discussions provides the views of experienced veterinary surgeons working in the farm sector as to what practitioners, and the wider profession can do to increase the number of students considering and choosing careers in farm animal practice.
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Jiménez, Francisco. "The Transformative Power of Teachers and Literature." Talking Points 15, no. 2 (2004): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/tp20042974.
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Francisco Jiménez, an award-winning author who began his life in the United States as a migrant farm worker, recounts two childhood experiences with teachers who helped shape his attitude toward literature and motivated him to become a teacher and a riter. Article available in print version only.
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George, Adam J., and Sarah L. Bolt. "Livestock cognition: stimulating the minds of farm animals to improve welfare and productivity." Livestock 26, no. 4 (2021): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2021.26.4.202.
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Historically, farm animal cognition has not always been considered on commercial enterprises, but it has emerged as an important aspect of managing livestock to enhance welfare and increase productivity. The aim of this review is to summarise literature on the subject of cognition in livestock and discuss techniques to stimulate the minds of animals to enhance welfare practices on farm.
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Rowe, Elizabeth, and Siobhan Mullan. "Advancing a “Good Life” for Farm Animals: Development of Resource Tier Frameworks for On-Farm Assessment of Positive Welfare for Beef Cattle, Broiler Chicken and Pigs." Animals 12, no. 5 (2022): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050565.
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There is increasing recognition that farm animal welfare standards should ensure positive welfare, as well as prevent negative welfare. Resources that are valued by an animal and that provide opportunities to engage in motivated behaviours can elicit positive physical and emotional states and therefore positive welfare and a “good life” for farmed animals. Evaluation of resource provision is considered the best way of assessing positive welfare at present, in the absence of validated and practical animal-based measures. Previous research has outlined a framework of three tiers of increasingly positive welfare (Welfare +, Welfare ++, Welfare +++) containing resources that incrementally increase the opportunities for a good life over and above the requirements of UK law and code of practice. Based on this blueprint, “Good Life Frameworks” were developed for beef cattle, broiler chickens and pigs, containing resources that increase good life opportunities according to the scientific literature and expert consultation. We describe the initial development of these frameworks, including a piloting exercise with the UK farm assurance industry, to further refine the frameworks according to auditor and farmer feedback, and test the frameworks as a method of on-farm assessment and assurance of a “good life” for farm animals.
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Steinberg, Jennifer Weathersbee, and Gayle M. Roux. "Midwestern Farm Widows: Adaptation Following Spousal Loss." Nursing Science Quarterly 31, no. 3 (2018): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318418774949.
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The purpose of this descriptive study was to co-create oral histories of Midwestern farm widows. Rural widows constitute a vulnerable population due to issues of bereavement and depression compounded by emotional and geographical isolation. A farm widow is often forced to maintain viability of the farm for the family’s livelihood. Oral history interviews with nine Midwest farm widows were conducted and analyzed. Three overarching themes emerged: competence, industriousness, and inner strength. Women shared stories of overcoming insurmountable obstacles. This study contributes to the literature on grief and expanding inner strength among rural widows. Further research could inform theory related to inner strength following a challenging life event.
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Shun-Cheng Chang and Chin-Chiuan Lin. "CASE STUDY OF INNOVATION BUSINESS MODEL TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE OF PRIVATE FARM IN TAIWAN." International Journal of Application on Economics and Business 1, no. 3 (2023): 1227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaeb.v1i3.1227-1236.
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This study investigation modern sustainable agricultural business model of private farm in Taiwan. Enter the real field, understand the rural environment on the spot, and hope to bring substantial help to the current agricultural environment in Taiwan. Conduct Zhang-Jia farm as the case, based on local ecology, production and life to analyse the management characteristics of the farm. Combine with the theory of ideas explored in the literature to verify the relevance of its actual mode of operation and goals. Observe the local tribal ecology and industrial context to find problems, and compile various conceptual factors that affect the sustainable development of Taiwan's agriculture based on the literature. Through developing organic agriculture, promoting leisure agriculture, developing diversified agricultural products, promoting food agricultural education, and organized production and marketing groups as strategies. Through diversification activities, construct a field environmental relationship brimming with "agricultural production", "peasant life" and "rural ecology", and practice the concept of respect for nature. To maintain the survival of the farm and leave a beautiful homeland, further to increase agricultural production, increase income, maintain natural ecology, create the best areas for farming and living, attract more young people to return to the countryside, and to promote sustainable agriculture in Taiwan.
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Broderick, Michael, and Sean Gleason. "We kill our own: towards a material ecology of farm life." Text and Performance Quarterly 36, no. 4 (2016): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10462937.2016.1230677.
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Yahya Al-Hilo, Mujtaba Muhammedali, and Hayder Ali Gebreen. "Totalitarianism in George Orwell's Animal Farm." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i4.318.
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The Animal Farm attempts at representing a realistic analysis of the revolution and changing of systems and regimes. However, change may not be necessarily a positive one as long as there is not a just and fair system upon which the sons of the revolutions depend. As history has proved, the majority of revolutions fail to achieve the utopian goals they had been seeking. Then, it fails to achieve the goals that are sought from it. Eventually, the reality becomes worse than that which it aimed to change. Since the theme of this novel is applicable for all people in any place at any time, and the big role that political discourse played in its event, we have chosen it to be our subject to analyze and discuss in our graduation project. After this short abstract, we will present an introduction in which we show the author’s contribution in the world of literature, his famous works and their significance. After that, we move on to deal with the language and discourse, rhetoric speech and discourse of Orwel and his ideology. The we tend to cover the author’s life, political discourse, and finally the political discourse of the author in The Animal Farm. We end our paper with a conclusion which includes our points of view to the importance of the political discourse in the novel and the moral lessons the mankind can draw out from such great piece of literature.
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Muhammad, Mukhtar, Jessica E. Stokes, Lisa Morgans, and Louise Manning. "The Social Construction of Narratives and Arguments in Animal Welfare Discourse and Debate." Animals 12, no. 19 (2022): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192582.
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Stakeholders can hold conflicting values and viewpoints, on what animal welfare is and how a good life is achieved and can signal different problems, or problematize specific aspects of farm animal welfare, and propose different actions or interventions within food supply chains. The aim of the study is to explore the contribution of narrative and argumentative discourse to the social construction and framing of animal welfare and its implications. The methodological approach in this research is composed of two phases with phase 1 being the foundational structured literature search in both academic and grey literature. Phase 2 was the analysis of the secondary data from the literature review to develop a synthesized iterative paper and in doing so develop a typology of five narratives: the ‘farming as a business’ narrative, the ‘religion-based’ narrative, the ‘research, legislative and political based narrative’, the ‘higher welfare’ narrative, and the “animal rights/power-based” narrative. Our findings demonstrate the contestation within the stakeholder discourse of the articulation of why farm animals should have a good life. Performance-related perspectives are rooted in the value-laden language and narratives that shape the arguments regarding notions of good and bad welfare; the emergent positioning of positive welfare for farm animals as well as how to achieve a good life in practice. The novel contribution of this review is the application of an explanatory word-language-discourse-person-situation-environment framework in this specific context to inform future research on animal welfare discourse analysis.
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Zira, S., E. Röös, E. Ivarsson, R. Hoffmann, and L. Rydhmer. "Social life cycle assessment of Swedish organic and conventional pork production." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 10 (2020): 1957–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01811-y.
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Abstract Purpose Sustainable animal food systems are increasingly important to society. Yet for pork, the most consumed meat product in Europe, there is no social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) in the literature. The breath and complexity of social issues and lack of data makes the task challenging. This study examines the risk of negative social impacts in Swedish pork production systems and includes workers, farmers, consumers, local community, society, and pigs as stakeholders. Methods The objective was to assess the risk of negative social impacts for the production and consumption of 1000-kg pork (fork weight—bone free meat including cooking losses) originating from two different systems: organic and conventional pork production. Relevant social sustainability issues for pork production systems were identified through a literature search and a consultative workshop with experts. A life cycle inventory was conducted to collect data for activity variables and compute Social Risk (SR), a measure of the risk of negative social impacts related to a reference (here the average European social conditions). Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used to obtain weights for subcategories. The SR scores and the weights were used to calculate Social Risk Time (SRT) that relates the Social Risk to the functional unit by considering the ‘exposure’ to the risk, and the Social Hotspot Index (SHI), which relates the SRT to the worst possible situation for that system. Results and discussion The conventional pork system had 42% of inventory indicators with SR > 0.5 and the organic pork system had 32%. For all stakeholders, the pig farm had the largest SRT in both production systems except for workers in the organic pork system where the soybean farm had the largest SRT. In the conventional pork system, society as well as farmers at the pig farm had SHI > 0.5 slightly, meaning performing the same as European average. In the organic pork system, SHI < 0.5 for all stakeholders and subsystems. Conclusion Swedish pork production has lower risk of negative social impacts than the average European social conditions for most of the stakeholders: workers, pigs, local community, and consumers. Farmers and society at the subsystem pig farm have the same risk of negative social impacts as the average European social conditions. Due to the dependence of the results of the chosen reference level, the reliance on certification, and the indicators included, results should be interpreted and used with care.
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Stokes, Jessica E., Elizabeth Rowe, Siobhan Mullan, et al. "A “Good Life” for Dairy Cattle: Developing and Piloting a Framework for Assessing Positive Welfare Opportunities Based on Scientific Evidence and Farmer Expertise." Animals 12, no. 19 (2022): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192540.
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On-farm welfare assessment tends to focus on minimising negative welfare, but providing positive welfare is important in order to give animals a good life. This study developed a positive welfare framework for dairy cows based on the existing scientific literature which has focused on developing positive welfare indicators, and trialled a participatory approach with farmers; refining the framework based on their recommendations, followed by a vet pilot phase on farm. The results revealed that farmers and scientists agree on what constitutes “a good life” for dairy cattle. Farmers value positive welfare because they value their cows’ quality of life, and want to be proud of their work, improve their own wellbeing as well as receive business benefits. For each good life resource, the proportion of farmers going above and beyond legislation ranged from 27 to 84%. Furthermore, barriers to achieving positive welfare opportunities, including monetary and time costs, were not apparently insurmountable if implementation costs were remunerated (by the government). However, the intrinsic value in providing such opportunities also incentivises farmers. Overall, most farmers appeared to support positive welfare assessment, with the largest proportion (50%) supporting its use within existing farm assurance schemes, or to justify national and global marketing claims. Collaborating with farmers to co-create policy is crucial to showcase and quantify the UK’s high welfare standards, and to maximise engagement, relevance and uptake of animal welfare policy, to ensure continuous improvement and leadership in the quality of lives for farm animals.
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ANDERSON, DOUGLAS. "The Blithedale Romance and Post-Heroic Life." Nineteenth-Century Literature 60, no. 1 (2005): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2005.60.1.32.
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Miles Coverdale's complex emotional posture at the close of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Blithedale Romance (1852) embodies the plight of post-heroic life in the 1850s: a decade in which the self-proclaimed "children" of America's revolutionary founders wrestled with the lingering contamination introduced into public life by the invidious nexus of slavery and the Mexican War. America, as Theodore Parker fiercely proclaimed in 1846, had become "a dead nation corrupting beside its golden tomb." Hawthorne's third novel in three years-a feverish rate of production-portrays a cultural climate obsessed with its secret and shameful wounds. The prophylactic zone of Blithedale farm, in fact, hosts a variety of spiritual and physical contagions, perfectly suited to Coverdale's epidemiological imagination and reflected in the moody volatility of his story. Each of the book's central characters responds to what its narrator terms the "diseased action" of the heart, forming a collective portrait of social and moral pathology that no utopian dream can effectively check. Zenobia's eloquent delirium at the book's conclusion, and Miles Coverdale's enigmatic malaise, capture in distinct and poignant ways the painful conjunction of majesty and futility to which the post-heroic condition ultimately leads.
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Mohammad, Shahrul Nizam, Rozana Zakaria, Wahid Omar, et al. "Potential of Solar Farm Development at UTM Campus for Generating Green Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.553.
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Energy is an important element in human life. Previous study discovered that buildings consumed more than 40% of global energy mainly electricity and emit 1/3 of global greenhouse gas through combustion of fossil fuels for generating electricity. Nowadays, global warming come to be a major issue facing the world and it leads to a better awareness about renewable energies as alternatives in generating electricity. In certain countries, solar farm has been adopted as an alternative in producing electricity. UTM spent millions of money every year for electricity bills and UTM could consider solar farm as an energy option in generating green electricity due to suitable climate and huge land bank. Governments incentives and decreasing PV panel price are opportunities to be appreciated for UTM to implement solar farm. However, high initial investment is needed to construct the solar farm. Additionally, decision will be based on financial benefits of the solar farm development. The aim of this study is to identify potential of solar farm implementation in generating green electricity. Data will be acquired via literature review, questionnaire survey, record review, and expert interview. Calculations on payback period and net present value were made based on interview data to identify potential of investment for solar farm. The study outlines the suitability factors for UTM to implement solar farm, at the same time financial benefits of solar farm implementation is portrayed.
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Mañetto Quick, Madelena. "Worlding Sanctuary." Ethnographic Edge 7, no. 1 (2024): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/ee.v7i1.271.
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My PhD thesis centres the shared life-worlds of human and nonhuman animals within farm animal sanctuaries as a means to understand and re-imagine multispecies relations. With a focus on the co-creation of sanctuary spaces and practices as acts of worlding and world-building, this paper presents a case study of the challenges and opportunities that arise when combining ethnography and creative practice. Beginning with a cultural analysis of farm sanctuary memoirs, I situate my local project within global narratives. Then I describe my experience doing short-term ethnographic fieldwork and its relation to my creative practice. Comparing and contrasting this with the anthropological literature on animal sanctuaries, I argue that a purposeful entanglement of multispecies ethnography and speculative narrative offers a unique way to not just understand multispecies relations but to also imagine new life-worlds.
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Dong, Wei-Hua, and Zhi Chen. "Leptospirosis with pulmonary haemorrhage and multiple organ failure: a case report and literature review." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 5 (2021): 030006052110196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211019665.
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Pulmonary haemorrhage is an important complication of leptospirosis. We herein report an uncommon case of severe pulmonary haemorrhage and multiple organ failure caused by leptospirosis in a 49-year-old man who was previously healthy. He was a farm worker who was admitted to the hospital because of haemoptysis. He had worked in a paddy field 4 days prior to admission. Chest computed tomography revealed pulmonary haemorrhage, which rapidly deteriorated into haemorrhagic shock and multiple organ failure. Based on the patient’s possible history of contact with contaminated water and the DNA sequence of Leptospira detected in his bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary haemorrhagic leptospirosis. Despite the administration of a fluid bolus, norepinephrine, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and haemostatics, and even with administration of a blood transfusion and extracorporeal life support, the pulmonary haemorrhage could not be controlled effectively. The patient eventually died of haemorrhagic shock. Leptospirosis can be a life-threatening disease despite aggressive treatment, even with extracorporeal life support. Next-generation sequencing can provide important diagnostic clues for patients with atypical leptospirotic symptoms.
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Roberts, Jude. "Selective treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows." Livestock 29, no. 2 (2024): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2024.29.2.58.
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Over the last few years, the author, alongside many other dairy vets, has been working with dairy farmers to support them in carrying out selective dry cow therapy in their herds, while ensuring that cow health and welfare are not compromised. We can now have more informed discussions about the selective treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. This has been enabled by the recent advances and availability of cow-side pathogen testing, with several publications in the scientific literature evaluating farms carrying out selective treatment of clinical mastitis compared to blanket treatment, as well as the improved on-farm data we have around mastitis cases and mastitis patterns in our herds. The advantage of selective treatment is predominantly the reduced antibiotic use aligned with the One Health approach to the responsible use of antibiotics. There are other advantages to the selective treatment of cases, including targeted (narrow spectrum) antibiotic use and the increased farm focus and close monitoring of mastitis cases and cure rates on farm that come with reviewing mastitis treatment protocols. Vets can also be actively engaged in discussing the treatment and monitoring outcomes of mild and moderate cases of clinical mastitis, an area that has often been overlooked as a result of the focus on sick cows or toxic/severe cases requiring more involved and tailored therapy. Rapid and accurate cow-side pathogen tests allow selective treatment of clinical mastitis to be carried out on farm without compromising on treatment delay, so that the most effective treatment can be given to the appropriate mastitis cases. The focus of mastitis control must always remain on preventative measures to reduce the number of new infections. Through on-farm engagement with a wider mastitis discussion and creating bespoke tailored mastitis treatment programmes as part of selective treatment of clinical mastitis, this can serve as a regular reminder that prevention of new infections will always lead to the most significant benefits. This article reviews the available information on the selective treatment of clinical mastitis and presents some initial steps in data gathering and evaluation to ensure that the appropriate farms are undertaking selective treatment of mastitis cases.
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Kurniyawan, Enggal Hadi, Malikal Balqis, Muhammad Irfan Aditya Pratama, et al. "Farm Family Support in Increasing Health Awareness." Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ) 1, no. 6 (2023): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v1i6.122.
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Health problems such as under-five nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, breast examination, and adherence to taking TB medication in children have become a global concern to increase awareness of the health of farming family members. Low health among farming families is often caused by low family support. This can lead to an increased risk of severe health conditions and diseases and affect the overall quality of life and well-being of farming family members. Therefore, family support is needed to improve family health status. This study aims to analyze support farming families for health awareness. The method used in this study was a literature review article from article search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, which was analyzed using the PRISMA technique by including articles published in the last five years. The study results show that the support of the farming family is very influential on health awareness. Family support is very influential on health awareness. Family support can increase family awareness to improve nutrition, comply with treatment, realize the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies, and be able to do regular health checks. Action and education are needed to improve social functions and family communication, increase family support, and encourage better family health awareness.
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Afandi, Alfid Tri, Enggal Hadi Kurniyawan, Putri Nabilah, et al. "Overview Leptospirosis in Agricultural: Literature Review." Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ) 1, no. 5 (2023): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v1i5.116.
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The spread of leptospirosis worldwide shows a high incidence rate. The disease is transmitted through the urine of animals infected with leptospira bacteria. Factors that can affect the incidence of leptospirosis are gender, age, uncovered food storage, the presence of rats, the presence of pets and contact with standing water. The writing method used is literature review. The literature search used Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with the period 2019-2023. The results of a review of 10 national and international journal articles show that leptospirosis has considerable potential for farmers because the spread occurs directly through blood or urine containing germs into the human body, and indirect transmission can occur through stagnant water, rivers, lakes, drains, and mud contaminated by animal urine. The harmful effects of spreading leptospirosis in an agricultural environment can lead to infection in humans and livestock. Early symptoms in humans include fever, headache, and nausea. If not treated promptly, the disease can progress to a more serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Therefore, the role of nurses in monitoring the health of farm animals and educating farmers on preventive measures is crucial in maintaining animal health and keeping the agricultural sector sustainable.
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Wojcieszak-Zbierska, Monika, Michał Roman, and Tadeusz Nadolny. "FUNCTIONING OF CARE FARMS IN POLAND ON THE EXAMPLE OF A SELECTED CASE STUDY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIV, no. 3 (2022): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9839.
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The aim of the article is to present the most important issues and key information regarding the concept of foster farms in shaping local development. The article uses the method of analysis of secondary materials, including the literature on the subject – Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Theoretical and practical conditions, methods and hitherto effects of implementing the concept of care farms were presented. An example of a caring farm with regard to the services provided was presented. The role and significance of this type of services are presented, which are undoubtedly an attractive product (service) that can be used by seniors. The establishment of foster farms in rural Poland is an innovative idea that is implemented in the context of social agriculture. In the future, social farming activities (social farming) can contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas. This will enable an increasingly sustainable development of rural areas by reducing poverty and increasing farm incomes. Such activities can stabilize social and economic life in rural areas.
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Ghisellini, Patrizia, Amos Ncube, Gloria Rotolo, et al. "Evaluating Environmental and Energy Performance Indicators of Food Systems, within Circular Economy and “Farm to Fork” Frameworks." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041671.
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This study proposes a framework of environmental and energy performance indicators identified and critically evaluated within the scientific literature and the Agricultural European Database for the monitoring and evaluation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. The identified set of performance indicators encompasses the whole life cycle of agri-food systems from primary production stage until end-of-life stage in agreement with the circular economy and EU “farm to fork strategy” frameworks. In particular, the practices/goals/targets suggested in the latter (e.g., organic farming goals, more relevance assigned to plant-based diets, support for the creation of short supply chains, and reduction in food losses and waste) have guided the search for the main topics of interest in our analysis and the associated environmental and energy indicators. The results of this study evidence a proposed set of performance indicators selected from the literature among LCA and non-LCA indicators (midpoint LCA impacts, cumulative energy use, emergy accounting, and material flow accounting, among others) that could be helpful in integrating the EU CAP indicators for monitoring and evaluating efforts and achieved results toward implementing and controlling the effectiveness of the adopted “farm to fork” policy and related legislative measures, as well as the application of the circular economy model.
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Kinne, Marko, Muhammad Farhan, Ronald Schneider, and Sebastian Thöns. "Influence of the structural integrity management on the levelized cost of energy of offshore wind: a parametric sensitivity analysis." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 36 (August 18, 2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.36.0090.
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The levelized cost of energy (LCoE) is an important measure to quantify the macro-economic efficiency of an offshore wind farm and to enable a quantitative comparison with other types of energy production. The costs of the structural integrity management - which is required to ensure an adequate lifetime reliability of the turbine support structures - are part of the operational expenditures of an offshore wind farm. An optimization of the structural integrity management may reduce the operational expenditures and consequently the LCoE. However, the effect of the structural integrity management on the LCoE is hardly known. To investigate this effect, this paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the LCoE of a generic offshore wind farm. The probabilistic models of the parameters influencing the LCoE are based on a literature study including an explicit model for the structural integrity management. The analysis reveals that LCoE may potentially be reduced if an optimization of the structural integrity management enables a service life extension.
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Veliz, Kevin, Leticia Chico-Santamarta, and Angel D. Ramirez. "The Environmental Profile of Ecuadorian Export Banana: A Life Cycle Assessment." Foods 11, no. 20 (2022): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203288.
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Ecuador is one of the largest banana exporters in the world. This sector generates wealth and employment in the country. Life cycle method tools support finding critical points and improvement measures in systems. In this study, the Ecuadorian banana is evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA), including agriculture, packaging, transfer to the Port of Guayaquil, and transport to a foreign port. OpenLCA software was used, applying the Recipe Midpoint (H) V1.13 impact evaluation method and using primary data collected from a local producer and secondary data from Ecoinvent 3.6 databases, Agribalyse 3.0.1, and the literature. Functional units were established at three levels: “1 ton of Banana at-the-farm-gate”; “1 ton of Banana at-the-packaging-stage-gate”; and “1 ton of Banana at-the-port-of-destination”. The impact categories evaluated are climate change (GWP100), fossil depletion (FDP), freshwater eutrophication (FEP), marine eutrophication (MEP), ozone layer depletion (ODPinf), particulate matter formation (PMFP), formation of photochemical oxidants (POFP), and terrestrial acidification (TAP100). The carbon footprint (GWP100) of “Banana at-the-farm-gate”, “Banana at-the-packaging-stage-gate”, and “Banana at-the-foreign-port” ranged from 194 to 220, 342 to 352, and 615.41 to 625.44 kg CO2-Eq/Ton banana, respectively. Hotspots of the system are the fertilizer field emissions, cardboard packaging, rachis disposal, and maritime transport. Improvement measures should focus on reducing the amount of fertilizers and developing circular alternatives for residual biomass valorization.
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Wyss, Annah B., John S. House, Jane A. Hoppin, et al. "Raw milk consumption and other early-life farm exposures and adult pulmonary function in the Agricultural Lung Health Study." Thorax 73, no. 3 (2017): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210031.
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Literature suggests that early exposure to the farming environment protects against atopy and asthma; few studies have examined pulmonary function. We evaluated associations between early-life farming exposures and pulmonary function in 3061 adults (mean age=63) from a US farming population using linear regression. Childhood raw milk consumption was associated with higher FEV1 (β=49.5 mL, 95% CI 2.8 to 96.1 mL, p=0.04) and FVC (β=66.2 mL, 95% CI 13.2 to 119.1 mL, p=0.01). We did not find appreciable associations with other early-life farming exposures. We report a novel association between raw milk consumption and higher pulmonary function that lasts into older adulthood.
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Hsin-Ying, Liu,, Lo, Chih-Yao, Hou, Cheng-I, and Lee, Ta-Sheng. "Research on Application of Brand building of Chiang Ma Yuan Recreational Farm Area." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 7 (2015): 5943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v14i7.1891.
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In modern society, people face expedited information communication, fast-paced life, and high-pressure work. People are eager for the natural environment of relaxation. The government in Taiwan has paid special attention to the development of leisure agriculture. Events that incorporate farm landscape and agriculture have been held, and rural living has been promoted. Through public engagement and experience, it is expected that agriculture can be promoted into a leisure industry with unique recreational features, in order to bring in additional incomes for the farmers, drive the regional economic development, elevate the living standards of the farmers, promote employment, protect and develop rural culture, and realize ecological conservation.This paper explores the factors for brand building in leisure agricultural area, and treats Chiang Ma Yuan Recreational Farm Area in Dahu Township, Miaoli County, as the target. Literature review was first conducted to develop the semi-open questionnaire. Then modified Delphi method was adopted for expert interviews, in order to collect expert consensus, and identify the constructs and elements for the brands in hierarchal analysis. The results were used to analyze the constructs and elements of brand building in Chiang Ma Yuan Farm Area, and suggest its future development direction.Â
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Velvin, Jan, Kristian Bjørnstad, and Erling Krogh. "Social value change, embeddedness and social entrepreneurship." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 3 (2016): 262–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-08-2014-0015.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the shift in social and cultural values in the wake of ongoing change; specifically, the degree of embeddedness of these values among farm-based entrepreneurs. The authors examine how this value-change-embeddedness continuum can further the development of theories in the field of social entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach The authors use an exploratory and a descriptive approach when interviewing eight farmers and members of their respective households. The sample encompasses almost all the providers of farm-based tourism in this particular area of rural Norway. The empirical materials form the basis for selecting our theoretical approach, one of which is a structural life-mode analysis. Findings The findings show that the social value of self-reliance, when taken to extremes, can hinder the growth of deeper commercial cooperation between farmers. This constitutes a challenge to efficiency and effectiveness on a larger scale, given a need for both independence and interdependence together with flexible entrepreneurial network cooperation in social entrepreneurship. The findings also indicate that social entrepreneurship does not necessarily have to include a cognitive shift in values and roles for the exclusion of a productive entrepreneurial identity. Originality/value By focusing on value changes in social entrepreneurship, this paper addresses a significant gap in the entrepreneurship literature relating to the process of value creation. By using the structural life-mode analysis, this study identifies the underlying value changes that are fundamental to entrepreneurial processes, allowing that process to unfold and take hold to the betterment of affected farm-based communities.
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Van, Thien D., Do T. Hue, Cynthia D. K. Bottema, Gebremeskel Mamu Weird, Rebel Skirving, and Kiro R. Petrovski. "Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Failed Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves from Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Australasia." Animals 13, no. 11 (2023): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13111792.
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Monitoring and minimizing the prevalence of failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy replacement calves within the first week of life is crucial for calf health and farm profitability. In this study, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted on papers reporting the prevalence of FTPI in calves from pasture-based dairy farms in Australia and New Zealand. Two search methods, a “traditional method” and a “search engine method”, were conducted to identify published studies on FTPI in Australia and New Zealand. Data from a total of 13,430 calves from eight studies in Australasia were included in the analysis for FTPI within 8 days of birth. The meta-analysis revealed that the average prevalence of FTPI was 33% across the two countries, with the lowest FTPI (9%) in Western Australia and the highest FTPI (59%) in New Zealand. Using farm data from three studies, the average prevalence of FTPI at the farm level in Australasia was 38%, with the lowest prevalence found in a farm in South Australia (6%). In conclusion, the meta-analysis confirmed the need for good management of cows and newborn calves after birth in pasture-based systems to reduce FTPI in calves. Collecting newborn calves from pasture at least twice per day after birth and providing colostrum of sufficient quantity and quality as soon as possible were the best practices for preventing FTPI in Australasian dairy systems.
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Fresan, Ujue, Helen Harwatt, and Joan Sabate. "Developing a Methodology for Estimating Transport-Related CO2 Emissions for Food Commodities." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p47.
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There is a significant and growing interaction between the transport sector and the food sector as globalized markets continue to increase the demand for &lsquo;food miles&rsquo; i.e. the number of miles a food item travels throughout its life cycle. The concept of &lsquo;food miles&rsquo; has become interesting to the public and policy makers as a way to assess the relative carbon footprint of food choices. However, there is currently a lack of information available about the transport-related greenhouse gas emissions that would allow to accurately differentiate between food items. To help address these current knowledge gaps, this paper presents a transferable methodological approach to estimating the transport related CO2 emissions of 10 popular food commodities transported from the farm gate to the retailer. The methodology combines GIS, data from the scientific literature and detailed commodity specific data from personal communication with one of the largest food retailers in California. To travel from the farm gate to the retailer, the amounts of CO2 emissions varied amongst the 10 foods, ranging from 47 g CO2/kg oranges, to 78 g CO2/kg almonds. While California was used as a case study, this method would be replicable across other locations and food life cycle assessments.
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Ikram Ullah, Tehmeena, Nazia Malik, Sadaf Mahmood, and Farhana Nosheen. "Sociological study of work load and autonomy among female farm workers in Punjab Pakistan." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 2, no. 2 (2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v2i2.45.
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Literature suggests that the women are underprivileged around the globe in all spheres of life with mere differences. Female labor participation in agricultural sphere is most significant for economic development of any country especially for developing countries. Almost 43% of agricultural labor consists on female workers around the world and 67% of female labor force work in agriculture in Pakistan. The research in hand was gender based study conducted to assess the work load and level of autonomy among female farm workers in Punjab Pakistan. It was cross sectional quantitative study, interview schedule was used as data collection tool, multistage and proportionate sampling was used to draw sample of 400 female respondents from Punjab. SPSS was used for Univariate, bivariate and Multivariate data analysis. The study concluded that female in farming bear heavy work load with least level of autonomy in Punjab Pakistan.
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Dhanapala, Susanthika, Helitha Nilmalgoda, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, Upaka Rathnayake, and Eranga M. Wimalasiri. "Energy Balance Assessment in Agricultural Systems; An Approach to Diversification." AgriEngineering 5, no. 2 (2023): 950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5020059.
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The energy in agricultural systems is two-fold: transformation and utilization. The assessment and proper use of energy in agricultural systems is important to achieve economic benefits and overall sustainability. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the energy balance of crop and livestock production, net energy ratio (NER), and water use efficiency (WUE) of crops of a selected farm in Sri Lanka using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In order to assess the diversification, 18 crops and 5 livestock types were used. The data were obtained from farm records, personal contacts, and previously published literature. Accordingly, the energy balance in crop production and livestock production was −316.87 GJ ha−1 Year−1 and 758.73 GJ Year−1, respectively. The energy related WUE of crop production was 31.35 MJ m−3. The total energy balance of the farm was 736.2 GJ Year−1. The results show a negative energy balance in crop production indicating an efficient production system, while a comparatively higher energy loss was shown from the livestock sector. The procedure followed in this study can be used to assess the energy balance of diversified agricultural systems, which is important for agricultural sustainability. This can be further developed to assess the carbon footprint in agricultural systems.
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Burke Wood, Patricia. "Significance of Horses: Control Legislation and Impact on Irish Travellers." Society & Animals 27, no. 5-6 (2019): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341566.
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AbstractThis paper documents the significance of horses to Irish Travellers, on several fronts, to demonstrate their unusual relationship with horses as companion animals and as work animals in a non-farm context. Their multiple attachments and engagement are analyzed in the context of the literature in human–nonhuman animal relations and animal geographies, which helps illuminate the ways in which horses have shaped Traveller geographies and identities, and how these associations have become politicized. The 1996 Control of Horses Act has led to greater restrictions on the keeping of horses; the impact of the loss of this animal from Traveller daily life is discussed. This research also helps fill a gap in the literature on horses and urban and rural landscapes in Ireland, which has to date largely excluded Travellers.
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Ceraldi, Gabrielle. "Advertising the Self: The Culture of Personality in E. B. White's Charlotte's Web." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 6, no. 1 (2014): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.6.1.77.
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E. B. White’s Charlotte’s Web reflects the emergence of what Warren I. Susman has termed the “culture of personality.” This shift from an older culture of character to a newer culture of personality is thrown into sharp relief in the novel, which juxtaposes the bucolic Zuckerman farm against an emerging consumeristic society in which self-promotion has become necessary for success. While White acknowledges the need for confident self-promotion, he also interrogates the culture of personality, resurrecting aspects of the culture of character as a corrective to the competitive and egoistic norms of modern life.
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Lakshmypriya, K., Rashmi Rai, Shrinivas Kulkarni, Gowri Shankar, and Leena James. "Fox’s Head or Lion’s Tail? Work Life Balance of Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture and farm Ventures and its Antecedent Effect on Quality of Life." International Journal of Professional Business Review 7, no. 2 (2022): e465. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i2.465.
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Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence work life balance of women entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture and allied products and how the family demands affect their work-life balance. Further, the paper explores the conflict between parental demand and running a business. Theoretical framework: Literature review points out that despite, an increase in the number of women entrepreneurs over the years, according to the (Global entrepreneurship monitor report, 2020), fewer women pursue entrepreneurship due to various challenges of managing personal and business responsibilities and striking the right balance. Work-life balance is frequently examined in the context of human resource management (Etienne St-Jean and Duhamel M.,2020)but not much has been explored in an entreprenurial context.Hence this study is to investigate and understand the influence of various factors affecting work life balance from an entrepreneurial standpoint. Design/methodology/approach: Triangulation method was used for the study by utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data. The researchers developed a questionnaire to measure work-life balance experienced by women entrepreneurs with 12 independent variables to measure the dependent variable work-life balance.The sample consisted of 450 women agripreneurs Findings: The findings reveal that the age of the children is a major determinant of the extent of parental demand a woman goes through in her life and family support systems are critical in reducing overlap and conflict between the life domains. A positive spillover between the domains significantly enhances quality of life of women entrepreneurs. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research into other Personality traits and macro environmental factors which can have a bearing on work life balance of women entrepreneurs which would enable an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Originality/value: The researchers have concluded that positive spillover between the domains significantly enhances quality of life of women entrepreneurs.
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S, Rejina. "A Study of the Problems of People's lives in the novels ‘Malarum Sarugum (The Flower and the Dried Leaf)’, ‘Thaakam (Thirst)’, ‘Setril Manitharkal (Humans in the Mud)’, ‘Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum (Out with the Old)’, and ‘Sennel (Red Rice)." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22425.
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Novel literature, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, was a form of literature that emerged to describe and explain the new society. The novel literature is based on the conflict that arises within man and between man and society, as well as the problems, struggles, and human nature that are directly related to real life. The issues of life, struggle, and consequences of the grassroots people mentioned in Tamil novels, the literary creativity of the teachers, etc., are the subjects of study in novels such as T. Selvaraj’s 'Malarum Sarukum', Ku Chinnappa Bharathi’s 'Thaakam', Rajam Krishnan’s 'Setril Manitharkal', Sivakami’s 'Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum' and Solaisundara Perumal’s 'Sennel'. In these novels, the landlessness of the poor, wage problems, unemployment, and the caste inequality that results from it are deepening, and the slavery, the inability to fight together as an organization, the exploitative tendencies of the farm landlords, and thus the poverty among the labourers becomes the basis of many problems and weakens the lives of the labourers. Novel literature highlights the social contradictions and the various problems that arise in people's lives. In this way, the title of this thesis has been undertaken with the objective of examining these novels, which are centered on the workers who are the axis of society, and to identify and reveal the various problems found in them.
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Borrero, Juan D. "Expanding the Level of Technological Readiness for a Low-Cost Vertical Hydroponic System." Inventions 6, no. 4 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040068.
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Climate and social changes are deeply affecting current agro-food systems. Unsustainable agricultural practices and the low profitability of small farmers are challenging the agricultural development of rural areas. This study aims to develop a novel, modular and low-cost vertical hydroponic farm system through reviews of the patented literature, research literature and variants of commercial products. After a detailed conceptualization process, a prototype was fabricated and tested at my university to validate its technology readiness level (TRL). The outcomes supported the usability and performance of the present utility model but highlighted several changes that are necessary before it can pass to the next TRL. This study shows that the prototype has the potential to not only solve food sovereignty but also to benefit society by advancing the innovations in food production and improving quality of life.
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Mancini, Simone, Jesse Bloothoofd, Vinit Dighe, and Harald van der Mijle Meijer. "Development and verification of a discrete event simulation tool for high-fidelity modelling of offshore wind and solar farm decommissioning campaigns." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2745, no. 1 (2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2745/1/012010.
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Abstract The number of offshore wind turbines to be decommissioned is expected to grow in the next decade but some of the oldest wind farms in the North Sea region are already approaching the end of their service lives. This means that several detailed decommissioning plans will need to be prepared in the coming 2-5 years. So far, only small-scale wind farms consisting of relatively small turbines located in shallow, near-shore, or confined waters have been decommissioned. The limited experience and data available yield high uncertainty in the estimation of costs, duration, and environmental footprint of upcoming offshore wind farm decommissioning campaigns. High-fidelity logistic simulation tools as well as high-level cost models are both needed to support end-of-life decision-making. While several holistic cost models have been proposed, the literature lacks high-fidelity models to support the detailed planning and execution of offshore wind farm decommissioning projects. Given that offshore operations are the greatest source of costs, emissions, and safety risks in decommissioning campaigns, these require special attention when seeking optimization opportunities. In this work, a high-fidelity logistic simulation module for the decommissioning of offshore wind and solar farms has been developed within the discrete event simulation platform UWiSE. The new UWiSE Decommission module enables detailed assessment of alternative decommissioning scenarios taking into account offshore operation complexities like weather and resource dependencies, which are not included or heavily approximated in holistic cost models. The new tool has been verified against publicly available analytical cost model results from recent literature. A short assessment of the impact of weather delays on cost and duration estimates for the considered offshore wind farm decommissioning campaign has also been performed as an example of how UWiSE Decommission may bring value to the planning of offshore decommissioning projects.
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Pant, Rajendra Prasad. "Utopia Turns into Dystopia: Orwell’s Critic of Stalinist Marxist Innovativeness in Animal Farm." KMC Journal 6, no. 1 (2024): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcj.v6i1.62335.
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This paper aims to examine modernity in Marxism as an allegory of the animals' revolution in George Orwell's Animal Farm. The major concern of this paper is to explore the modernity and its impact of utopian Marxist conception of state considering essential characteristics of political movements and the possible relationship existed between them. One is immediately puzzled by the fact that modernist literature, art, and political theory seem to have little or nothing to do with Marxism, and are, in fact, reactionary to Marxism. Modernity in Marxism is change in the life of the people belonging to lower class or proletariats. The research tool used for research is Marxism and modernity, with reference to Robert Bocock, Abram L. Harris, and Henri Lefebvre. The research methodology used for analysis is textual analysis. The major finding is the concept of Utopia where there is everybody happy and prosperous; that is the main idea of this concept from Marxism. This notion of modernism comes into existence from different political movements in global context. The historically changing process is the base for the modernity in the society that shows the abuse of power practised by Stalin in Russia in the name of Marxism.
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Dallago, Gabriel M., Kevin M. Wade, Roger I. Cue, et al. "Keeping Dairy Cows for Longer: A Critical Literature Review on Dairy Cow Longevity in High Milk-Producing Countries." Proceedings 73, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ieca2020-08827.
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The ability of dairy farmers to keep their cows for longer could positively enhance the economic performance of farms, reduce the environmental footprint of the milk industry, and provide overall help in justifying a sustainable use of animals for food production. However, there is little yet published on the current status of cow longevity and we hypothesized that a reason may be a lack of standardization and an over narrow focus of the longevity measure itself. The objectives of this critical literature review were: (1) to review the metrics used to measure dairy cow longevity in order to determine those most commonly employed; (2) to describe the status of longevity in high milk-producing countries. Current metrics are limited to either the length of time the animal remains in the herd or if it is alive at a given time. To overcome such a limitation, dairy cow longevity should be first defined as an animal having an early age at first calving and a long productive life spent in profitable milk production. Combining age at first calving, length of productive life, and margin overall costs would provide a more comprehensive evaluation of longevity by covering both early life conditions and the length of time the animal remains in the herd once it starts to contribute to the farm revenues, as well as overall animal health and quality of life. In addition, this review confirms that dairy cow longevity has decreased in most high milk-producing countries over time and its relationship with milk yield is not straight forward. Increasing cow longevity by reducing involuntary culling would cut health costs, increase cow lifetime profitability, improve animal welfare, and could contribute towards a more sustainable dairy industry while optimizing dairy farmers’ efficiency in the overall use of resources available.
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Dallago, Gabriel M., Kevin M. Wade, Roger I. Cue, et al. "Keeping Dairy Cows for Longer: A Critical Literature Review on Dairy Cow Longevity in High Milk-Producing Countries." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030808.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of dairy farmers to keep their cows for longer could positively enhance the economic performance of the farms, reduce the environmental footprint of the milk industry, and overall help in justifying a sustainable use of animals for food production. However, there is little published on the current status of cow longevity and we hypothesized that a reason may be a lack of standardization and an over narrow focus of the longevity measure itself. The objectives of this critical literature review were: (1) to review metrics used to measure dairy cow longevity; (2) to describe the status of longevity in high milk-producing countries. Current metrics are limited to either the length of time the animal remains in the herd or if it is alive at a given time. To overcome such a limitation, dairy cow longevity should be defined as an animal having an early age at first calving and a long productive life spent in profitable milk production. Combining age at first calving, length of productive life, and margin over all costs would provide a more comprehensive evaluation of longevity by covering both early life conditions and the length of time the animal remains in the herd once it starts to contribute to the farm revenues, as well as the overall animal health and quality of life. This review confirms that dairy cow longevity has decreased in most high milk-producing countries over time and its relationship with milk yield is not straight forward. Increasing cow longevity by reducing involuntary culling would cut health costs, increase cow lifetime profitability, improve animal welfare, and could contribute towards a more sustainable dairy industry while optimizing dairy farmers’ efficiency in the overall use of resources available.
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García-Gudiño, Javier, Alessandra N. T. R. Monteiro, Sandrine Espagnol, Isabel Blanco-Penedo, and Florence Garcia-Launay. "Life Cycle Assessment of Iberian Traditional Pig Production System in Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020627.
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Traditional Iberian pig production is characterized by outdoor systems that produce animals fed with natural resources. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of such systems through Life Cycle Assessment. Environmental impacts were analysed per kilogram of live weight at farm gate. Iberian pig production in montanera had the lowest impacts for climate change (CC), acidification (AC), eutrophication (EU) and cumulative energy demand (CED), being 3.4 kg CO2 eq, 0.091 molc H+ eq, 0.046 kg PO43− eq, and 20.7 MJ, respectively, due to the strict use of natural resources (acorns and grass) during the fattening period. As Iberian farms had a greater dependence on compound feed in cebo campo, environmental impacts on CC, AC, EU and CED were 22, 17, 95 and 28% higher, respectively, than with montanera. For land occupation (LO), however, cebo campo had a lower impact (31.6 m2·year) than montanera (43.0 m2·year) system. Traditional Iberian pig production systems have environmental impacts higher than conventional systems studied in literature but are similar to other traditional systems. Based on the present assessment, it is necessary to account for the contribution of emissions resulting from the consumption of natural resources to avoid the underestimation of environmental impacts.
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Bevilacqua, Kathryne. "“What a Farmer Reads Shows in His Farm”: Performing Literacy with Adult Reading Primers." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, no. 5 (2018): 1118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.5.1118.
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Cora Wilson Stewart's Country Life Readers (1915-17), beginning reading primers designed for white Appalachian adults, contain lessons in the social meaning of reading. he formal interplay of the readers’ illustrations, text, and handwriting exercises show how Stewart's primers teach not how to read but rather how to act like a reader. By instructing students in the habits, attitudes, and behaviors that will make them seem “literate” to the wider world, the primers argue that these performances (some textual, many not) are not supplements to literacy but literacy itself. Setting Stewart's primers against other adult primers from the period further shows how these literate performances were circumscribed by race and region. Rather than dismiss this version of literacy as irredeemably “mythic,” I suggest that sources like Stewart's are evocative reminders to attend to the ways in which nonreading is always implicated in reading's meaning.
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Nazarov, Dmitry, and Marina Sidorova. "The origins of the teaching accounting in russian universities: lecturer and researcher Stepan Usov (1797 – 1859)." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 18, no. 2 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v18i2.437.
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The authors of the paper explore the life and professional activity of Stepan Mikhailovich Usov (1797-1859), as well as his views on the theory and practical implementation of new accounting techniques in agriculture. Usov was a talented researcher, an expert in agricultural sciences, political economy, history, and the publisher and editor of a number of Russian magazines. He worked hard all his life to disseminate knowledge about progressive technologies of agronomy and farm bookkeeping. Usov became one of the first lecturers in accounting, which he taught at St. Petersburg University in 1836 and this is in the focus of the study. Based on the Actor–network theory of Bruno Latour (ANT), the authors contribute to the previous literature within biographical studies and accounting education by identifying Usov’s role in the development of Russian accounting as a mediator in the network of educational institutions, which transformed accounting into a university discipline.
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Paçarada, Rita, Stefan Hörtenhuber, Torsten Hemme, Maria Wurzinger, and Werner Zollitsch. "Sustainability Assessment Tools for Dairy Supply Chains: A Typology." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (2024): 4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16124999.
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The dairy sector faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices. Various tools have been developed to evaluate sustainability of the dairy supply chain. This paper provides an overview of these tools, highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding sustainability dimensions, indicators, and system boundaries. A systematic literature search identified 27 tools that were then categorized into a typology based on dimensions of sustainability, geographical applicability, and accessibility. In-depth analysis was conducted on six tools: Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture (SAFA), Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment RouTine (SMART), Response-Inducing Sustainability Evaluation (RISE) 3.0 version, Swiss Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment (SALCAsustain), MOnitoring Tool for Integrated Farm Sustainability (MOTIFS), and Technology Impact and Policy Impact CALculations (TIPICAL). Assessment focused on the relevance of covered sustainability dimensions to the dairy sector, level of supply chain coverage, type of indicators, accessibility, and practicability. The review identified tools which integrate multiple sustainability aspects in a comprehensive way (SAFA and SMART) and tools offering accurate quantification of the impact on sustainability dimensions of the production system (SALCAsustain, RISE, MOTIFS, TIPICAL). Only two tools extend assessment past the farm gate (SAFA, SMART). Future users should select tools based on the specific objectives of measuring sustainability in dairy systems. This review contributes to the literature by addressing various aspects of sustainability assessment tools, by addressing the need for an integrated and comprehensive view, and by considering the entire dairy supply chain.
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Steele, Mike. "Evaluating evidence in practice." Livestock 26, no. 2 (2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2021.26.2.94.
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Evaluating evidence-based medicine (EBM) techniques can be an extremely rewarding part of the advisory process. The result of applying the ‘best evidence’ approach from a careful appraisal of the scientific literature available and the data from a clinical case, should significantly reduce the risk of an adverse outcome. Sharing the consequences of using a Knowledge Summary with other professionals either within a practice or in a wider field, can make consultation a much more efficient and risk-averse process. Once the value to be obtained from the EBM search is aligned between stakeholders, a project can be built that is both accountable and measurable within the group and clear differences determined, between the start and end of the project. The evaluation process should include all possible parameters, including those from the case and the stakeholders' time saved after improvement has been found. In future, the ability to share the outcome of EBM case management within an online platform could be beneficial to both advisory, farm and companion animal health businesses.
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Et al., Kannikar Khaw-ngern. "Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for Sustainable Food." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 1399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.920.
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Ending hunger, achieving food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture are the goals to be achieved by 2030 according to Sustainable Development Agenda. It aims to achieve the goals through increasing the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers which include indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers. The purpose of this article is to study causes of global hunger and SDGs Goal 2 for the guidelines of ending hunger and to suggest an aligning principle of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for solutions to hunger. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. It is found that Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP), consistent with the SDG2 goal, has produced many best practices for the past two decades. It suggests the model of small farm management under “New Theory” based on Sufficiency Thinking. It provides guidelines for farmers to divide their plots into four sections under the 30:30:30:10 formula for integrated farming. This basic model can be modified to suit different geographical conditions and farm sizes, but it requires farmers to live their life with moderation, respect for, recognition of local knowledge and local management of natural resources. It can be a means to improve the quality of life in rural areas, ensure enough food for present and future generations, and generate sufficient income for farmers. Apart from gaining year-round food security from integrated farming, farmers eventually become debt-free and end hunger.
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Gava, Oriana, Zahra Ardakani, Adela Delalic, and Stefano Monaco. "Environmental Impacts of Rice Intensification Using High-Yielding Varieties: Evidence from Mazandaran, Iran." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (2024): 2563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062563.
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This article aims to show the potential contribution of high-yielding rice varieties to achieve sustainable intensification in paddy farming, by focusing on a developing country. A comparative life cycle assessment of traditional vs. high-yielding varieties is carried out by comparing the area-based and yield-based results. Primary data are collected through a farm survey (49 farms in the Mazandaran province, Iran; spring 2018). The results highlight that high-yielding varieties can reduce the yield-scaled impacts. However, area-scaled impacts are subject to increase for most impact categories. Statistically significant trade-offs involve global warming potential (+13% per ha and −28% per t in high-yielding varieties) and fossil resource depletion (+15% per ha and −26% per t in high-yielding varieties). Pesticide management is the most alarming practice. High-yielding varieties increase pesticide consumption and related toxicity impacts both per t and per ha. This study is a new contribution to the literature by improving and broadening the mainstream productivity perspective of current life cycle assessment research about crop varieties. The lessons learnt from this study suggest that the trade-offs between yield-scaled and area-scaled impacts should be carefully considered by decision-makers and policymakers, especially in developing countries that, like Iran, are affected by the overexploitation of natural resources. Targeted policy and the development of farmer education and advisory services are needed to create the enabling conditions for farm management changes, including conscious use of production inputs while avoiding heuristics.
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Sholeh, Mohammad Shoimus, Luluk Mublihatin, Nur Laila, and Siti Maimunah. "Kontribusi pendapatan usahatani terhadap ekonomi rumah tangga petani di daerah pedesaan : review." AGROMIX 12, no. 1 (2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v12i1.2330.
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The majority of people in rural areas in their daily life work as farmers and rely on agricultural products to meet their daily needs. The problem is that the income from farming is not sufficient to meet daily needs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the contribution of farm income to total household income. The method used in this research is the literature review method. The results of several studies indicate that the characteristics of farmers in rural areas have an average primary school education (more than 50%), while the average age of farmers is still in the productive age. The average contribution value of rice farming from several studies with different areas from several research results is more than 50%, meaning that farmers depend on rice farming days to fulfill all their daily needs rather than relying on side jobs, while the contribution of tobacco farming from several research results from less than 50%. In calculating the contribution of many researchers who have not included time susceptibility, either yearly, seasonally, or monthly, this will affect the tabulation of the calculation of non-farm income.
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Wisesa, Arga Satria, and Siti Inayatul Faizah. "PENERAPAN SISTEM MUZARA’AH PADA BURUH TANI SUGIO LAMONGAN PERSPEKTIF KESEJAHTERAAN MENURUT ASY-SYATIBI." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol7iss20201pp1-20.
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This research aims to find out about the welfare of farm workers at the sub-district of the Lamongan districts, Sugio, using Asy-Syatibi’s indicator of wellness which consists of five indicators: religion, soul, mind, offspring and wealth. All of those indicators must fulfiled the dharuriyyat level, after that those indicators must be maintained in the hajiyyat level and then perfected in the tahsiniyat level. The method used in this research are qualitative approach with case-study explanatory. Primary data are collected by interviewing and observation directly at the informant which is the leader of “Mulyo Tani” Farmer’s Associations and its respective members. The secondary data are collected from journal, books, BPS, village data, internet access and other relevant literatures. This research founds that, the farm workers at Sugio, Lamongan has fulfiled the religion, soul, mind, offspring and wealth indicators at dharuriyat level. The farming cooperation, which is conducted by the cultivator and the owner of the field, are using the muzara’ah contract with the welfare approach held by “Mulyo Tani” Farmer’s Associations in Sugio, Lamongan, which in turn increased the overall welfare of the farm workers. Those cooperations can also bring positive impacts in the daily life of the farm workers and increasing the economic activities. Therefore, it can be said that the farm workers at Sugio, Lamongan are prosperous based on Asy-Syatibi’s perspective.
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Devant, Maria, Marta Ruiz-Colmenero, Marta Terre, et al. "PSXI-1 A Case Study of the Environmental Footprint of Dairy-Beef Production in Catalonia: a Tool to Improve Sustainability." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (2023): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.690.
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Abstract This study aims to assess the environmental impact of the dairy beef meat value chain in Catalonia, north-eastern Spain, from cradle to distribution, using the methodology recommended by the European Commission’s in its Product Environmental Footprint (PEF; EC, 2021) initiative. Case studies and the construction of regionalized databases are needed, together with addressing the challenges when utilizing the PEF methodology in real-world applications, to address primary sector large variability. For that, the PEF methodology was applied in 2 beef farms which grow calves from 120 kg to 410 kg fed with 2 different feed compounds each (growing and finishing). Data gathering was performed at the distribution gate including the following stages: raw milk production at farm, transport to dairy centrals, milk processing and packaging, and transport to market and supermarket centrals. The contribution analysis showed that the farm was the life cycle stage with the major contribution to the environmental impact (65% or more in all 16 PEF indicators). Results at farm gate showed the overall importance of the feed production impact (between 30% and 90% of the impact at farm gate in all indicators). Looking specifically at climate change (CC), emissions produced at the farm from manure management and enteric fermentation (IPCC & EMEP/EEA, 2019) were a major contributor to the impact: 19 and 36% contribution to CC respectively. Results of this study showed an average final carbon footprint of 6.62 kg CO2 eq per kg body weight at farm gate, what corresponds to 12.00 kg CO2 eq per kg carcass at farm gate (55% carcass dressing). This value increases slightly to 12.7 kg CO2 eq per kg carcass meat at distribution gate. These results are considerably below the benchmark value found in literature of 32.5 kg CO2 eq per kg carcass meat sold to retailers (TS Red meat FCR, 2019). This benchmark is calculated considering an average mix of production systems and technologies using both dairy and beef enterprises (TS Red meat FCR, 2019). Currently, different feed alternatives are being studied with the aim to improve beef production sustainability, without compromising animal performance and wellbeing. These might include assessing alternative ingredients that are nutritionally equivalent to the major impact contributors, additives that reduce emissions, research for optimizing crop production rates, and assessing different geographical origin of ingredients where improved agronomic practices are used or where crop production is located in ecosystems with lower susceptibility to environmental impact.