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Journal articles on the topic 'Farm machinery industry'
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1
., A. K. M. Saiful Islam, M. A. S. Kowser Sarker ., M. A. Rahman ., M. M. Hossain ., and M. M. Alam . "Production Problems of Farm Machinery Manufacturing Industry in Bangladesh." Journal of Biological Sciences 1, no. 10 (2001): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.955.959.
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Pudup, Mary Beth. "From Farm to Factory: Structuring and Location of the U.S. Farm Machinery Industry." Economic Geography 63, no. 3 (1987): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/143950.
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GEARY, U., N. LOPEZ-VILLALOBOS, D. J. GARRICK, and L. SHALLOO. "Spring calving versus split calving: effects on farm, processor and industry profitability for the Irish dairy industry." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, no. 3 (2013): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000397.
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SUMMARYA combined farm systems and processing sector model was used to determine the effect on industry profitability of changing from the current seasonal milk supply profile to a less seasonal milk supply profile. Differences in investment costs, product portfolio, product storage and financing costs at processor level were included in the analysis. It was found, based on the underlying model assumptions, that a less seasonal supply profile allowed better capacity utilization, enabled higher volumes of high-value products to be produced and generated higher net returns (€1540·7 million) for the processing sector than the seasonal milk supply profile (€1474·9 million); it therefore warranted paying a higher milk price to farmers. In contrast, at farm level the seasonal milk supply profile resulted in lower costs and higher net farm profit, with net margin per litre being 1·6 cents per litre higher relative to the less seasonal milk supply profile. Higher concentrate, labour, silage, machinery hire and heifer replacement costs in the less seasonal supply profile relative to the seasonal milk supply profile were the main factors that contributed to the lower farm profitability. From a national perspective, including processor and farm sector interests, the seasonal milk supply profile was more profitable by an estimated €83 million; the difference in costs at farm level outweighed the increased milk price at processor level found in the less seasonal milk supply profile.
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Smith, Donalda M. "Health and Disease in Farm Workers." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 3 (1986): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500303.
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Occupational diseases, such as silicosis in miners, are widespread but it is only comparatively recently that they have received the serious attention they demand. Leaving aside accidents associated with machinery and agrochemicals, farm workers are particularly liable to a large number of health hazards – physical, chemical, and biological. The nature of the industry – small groups of workers often employed in remote places under primitive conditions – makes it difficult to assess the real incidence of work-associated diseases and to organise effective treatment and preventive measures.
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Mohd Nawi, Nur Syazwani, Baba Md Deros, Norani Nordin, and Ezrin Hani Sukadarin. "DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY MECHANIZATION ACCEPTANCE AND USE ACTION PLAN." Journal of Information System and Technology Management 5, no. 16 (2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jistm.516005.
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The palm oil industry is an advanced industry that benefits the country's economic stability. However, working in the oil palm plantations is very challenging and the farmworkers are exposed to many risks when doing day-to-day work. Most of the work on the farm is still using manual tools. There are farm management and workers who do not want to use machine tools due to reasons such as high cost, difficult to maintain, and burdensome. This study used an observation method in oil palm plantations and interviews with field managers to collect information. Verification of a pre-action plan is made before developing the final action plan. As such, the model was proposed as a step towards increasing the use of machinery in oil palm plantations to help ease the workload that the workers are carrying.
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Cardenas, Victor M., Ruiqi Cen, Melissa M. Clemens, et al. "Morbidity and Mortality from Farm Tractor and Other Agricultural Machinery-Related Injuries in Arkansas." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 4 (2018): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12828.
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Abstract. This study applied a text string search algorithm to ascertain suspect farm tractor or agricultural machinery-related injuries in data sources available for 2000-2014 in the state of Arkansas. The occurrences of tractor or other agricultural machinery-related injuries were compared with data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). For death certificates that assigned an external cause of death, the authors first collected all those that were coded as related to agricultural machinery, based on search strings for occupation and industry and a description of how the injury occurred. They then inspected each case individually and removed those that were likely unrelated to agricultural machinery. This approach significantly increased (by 7.8 times) the number of suspect agricultural machinery-related fatalities compared to the number reported to CFOI, but there was only a 17% (not statistically significant) increase compared to NCHS. All hospital records with any discharge diagnosis coded as related to agricultural machinery were selected. Descriptive analysis of the fatalities and hospital records showed a significantly increased risk among men above retirement age, peaks during the summer, and an increased risk in the Mississippi delta region. About one-third of the agricultural machinery-related fatalities were due to overturns. The use of the algorithm can improve ascertainment of fatal agricultural machinery-related injuries in Arkansas. The death records were found to be rich in data on the circumstances of the injuries, which can be used to screen for tractor-related fatalities and, if confirmed, translated into action to improve the safety of Arkansas farmers. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Farm, Farming, Injury, Risk, Statistics, Tractors.
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H. Kursat CELIK, Allan E. W. RENNIE, and Ibrahim AKINCI. "A Potential Research Area Under Shadow In Engineering: Agricultural Machinery Design and Manufacturing." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 2 (2020): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol4iss2pp66-86.
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As a branch of the global machinery industry, the agricultural (farm) machinery design and manufacturing or agricultural engineering industry has become one of the most important industries to be supported and focussed on in the era of hunger threats foreseen in the World’s future. In order to produce sufficient volumes of food from current limited agricultural land, well-designed machinery and high technology-supported mechanisation of the agricultural production processes is a vital necessity. However, although novel improvements are observed in this area, they are very limited. There is a lack of implementation of advanced engineering design and manufacturing technologies in this industry, therefore agricultural engineering could be considered a potential engineering research area with this in mind. This study aims to highlight the potential, gaps, sector specific challenges and limitations of the agricultural engineering research area at a macro level. Under consideration of the sector‑specific indicators, the study revealed a major result: there is an insufficient level of sector-specific research on implementation strategies for up-to-date design and manufacturing technologies.
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WINDER, CORDON M. "Following America into the second industrial revolution: new rules of competition and Ontario's farm machinery industry, 1850–1930." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 46, no. 4 (2002): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2002.tb00752.x.
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Prikner, P., and A. Grečenko. "Farmland protection by means of tyre load rating." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 1 (2008): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2131-rae.
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At present, the professionals in the industry and farming still miss comparative technical data indicating the potential of agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery to inflict compaction damage upon the cultivated soil. Harmful compaction means especially the increase of soil bulk density above a critical level required for efficient plant production. In general, it seems reasonable to restrict the excessive soil compaction by loaded wheels starting from the design of farm power and machinery, which means to provide technical data on the compaction potential of tyres. This paper presents the technique of tyre rating by means of the index Compaction Capacity (<i>CC</i>), which simply reflects the compaction potential of any individual tyre contained in a tyre catalogue within the whole range of loads and inflation pressures.
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İnanç, Taş, and Akay Abdullah Emin. "Productivity Analysis of Modified Farm Tractors in Forwarding Industrial Wood Products." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 20 (June 4, 2020): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/412018.
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Public demands for forest products and services have been increasing gradually in many countries all over the world. Among the forest products, mostly round woods are produced in Turkey due to high economic value. On the other hand, there is a significant increase in demand for industrial woods in the domestic market in recent years. The reason behind this increase is the need of domestic companies in the wood-based panel industry for a large amount of wood raw material. . Farm tractors are the most widely used forest machinery in the extraction of industrial wood in Turkey. Farm tractors can be effectively used in mechanized harvesting operations after receiving some modifications and additional attachments. The modified farm tractors are affordable machinery for small logging contractors since their initial purchasing costs and hourly operating costs are quite low comparing with the forest harvesting equipment (i.e. skidder, forwarder, cable yarder). In this study, productivity of a modified farm tractor was analyzed during forwarding of industrial wood products. The study was implemented in Pinus nigra stand located in (?) the city of Afyonkarahisar in Turkey. In the study, the effects of forwarding distance on productivity were evaluated using statistical analysis. The results indicated that the most time-consuming work stage was unloading the truck and piling the wood products at the landing area, followed by ( in terms of time-consumption) collecting woods and loading the tractor at the stump. The average productivity of the forwarding operation was 6.06 stere/h (stere is the amount of wood pile with the height, width, and depth of one meter). It was also found that the productivity of the forwarding was significantly affected by the forwarding distance.
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László, Magó, Kosta Gligorević, Milan Dražić, and Mićo Oljača. "Determination of main parameters of ISOBUS system based agricultural machinery management." Poljoprivredna tehnika 46, no. 3 (2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2103040m.
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ISO organization (https://www.iso.org) in early 90s defined an industry standard for the communication protocol among electronic devices of different manufacturers of agricultural machines. After that, all of the market actors recognised that this technology would be very important for agricultural electronics. The appearance of ISOBUS products in the market was in the mid-2000s. ISOBUS description could be found in ISO-11783 (https://www.iso.org). Through the standards and the related technical background, the production processes and the operations could be followed and monitored by the extensive Data Management. Farmers' and users legitimate needs and developing goal is to elaborate a decision support systems that follow-up the utilisation of the machines and ensure the quality of operations. For this purpose, it is essential to determine which technical, economical, technological parameters detection, measurement, transmission, processing, and evaluation becomes necessary. In our work, we reviewed which mechanical characteristic, settings are monitored within the ISOBUS system by the major machine manufacturers. We developed the system of parameters and derived features that provide effective farm-, and land-management in case of attached equipment for spreading of input materials, plant protection and tillage implements.
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Horan, B., and J. R. Roche. "Defining resilience in pasture-based dairy-farm systems in temperate regions." Animal Production Science 60, no. 1 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18601.
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The sustainable intensification of pasture-based food-production systems provides an opportunity to align the ever-increasing global demand for food with the necessity for environmentally efficient ruminant production. Biophysically and financially resilient grazing systems are designed to harvest a large amount of the pasture grown directly by the cow, while minimising the requirement for machinery and housing, and exposure to feed prices. This is primarily achieved by matching the feed demand of the herd with the annual pasture supply profile (i.e. seasonal milk production). Ideally, the entire herd is calved before pasture growth equals herd demand; breeding and drying-off policies facilitate this. The type of cow is also important; she must be highly fertile and have good grazing-behaviour characteristics. Pasture species are chosen to best suit the predominant climate, and pasture management aims to maximise the production and utilisation of chosen species. Purchased supplementary feeds support biophysical resilience and can be successfully incorporated into grazing systems, if stocking rate (SR) is increased to achieve high pasture utilisation. However, industry databases indicate that, on average, profitability declines with increasing purchased supplementary-feed usage, because of reduced pasture utilisation and lower than expected marginal milk-production responses. In the present paper, we outline the characteristics of resilient pasture-based dairy systems in the context of the necessity for the sustainable intensification of global food production.
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Simbirskikh, Ye S., and NIKITA O. RACHEEV. "TEACHING CAPABILITIES OF ROBOTIC VR- CONSTRUCTORS IN THE TRAINING PROGRAMS OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS FOR THE DOMESTIC FARM INDUSTRY." Agricultural engineering, no. 2 (2021): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-2-75-79.
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The paper discusses the didactic advantages and features of the use of such immersive technologies as “virtualconstructor” in the practical training of BSc students (training area 35.03.04 “Agricultural Engineering”) for the domestic farmindustry. VR-constructors are software products that fully emulate a virtual environment with a 360° view, the distinctive featureof which is to maximize the possibilities for interacting with virtual objects in terms of their study, movement and transformationof the object system. As applied to the training of agricultural engineers such systems of virtual objects can be represented by properlydesigned training mechanisms of engines, various irrigation systems in hydroponic installations or a specifi c soil profi le with itsindividual horizons. The authors conducted analysis of scientifi c literature, refl ecting the practice of the application of virtualreality technology to be used in the training of university students. The study has revealed the lack of precedents comprehensiveintroduction of VR technology as an eff ective learning tool in higher agricultural education in Russia and abroad. After conductingthe experiment based on a number of expert assessment methods, two VR software products of the “VR-constructor” type wereidentifi ed, which are recommended for implementation in course syllabi for BSc training in agricultural engineering in: “3D-cardfi le of soil sections” and “VR-atlas of agricultural machinery”. The study of the teaching capabilities of these curricula has statedthe need to change the traditional roles of the teacher and the student and the necessity for further scientifi cally-based introductionof university course syllabi of various levels to train more competitive and highly qualifi ed personnel for the innovative agriculture of Russia.
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Zhang, Zhao, Anand Kumar Pothula, and Renfu Lu. "Economic Evaluation of Apple Harvest and In-Field Sorting Technology." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 5 (2017): 1537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12226.
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Abstract. The U.S. apple industry, which generated more than $2.7 billion in revenue at the farm gate in 2013, is facing critical challenges with decreased availability of labor and increased labor and production costs. To address these challenges, a self-propelled apple harvest and in-field sorting machine is being developed in our laboratory. This article reports on the economic evaluation of this prototype machine by considering machine cost (annual ownership and operating costs), harvest productivity increase (including that due to decreased occupational injuries), and cost savings in postharvest storage and packing resulting from in-field sorting of fresh market quality apples from processing apples for both fresh apple growers and processing apple growers. The economic evaluation was conducted based on the assumptions that the machine increases harvest productivity by 43% to 63% and operates for 360 h during the harvest season. For fresh apple orchards with processing apple incidences of 5% to 15%, the net annual benefits that would accrue from owning one machine range from $13,500 to $78,400 when the machine price is between $100,000 and $160,000. For processing apple orchards with processing apple incidences of 80% to 90% and the same machine price range, the net annual benefits that would accrue from owning one machine range from $23,900 to $81,700. Overall, the benefits gained from in-field sorting outweigh those from the harvest productivity increase, and integration of the harvest-assist and in-field sorting functions is more beneficial to apple growers. This technology will help the U.S. apple industry improve labor productivity and reduce production costs, and thus it looks promising for commercialization. Keywords: Apples, Economic evaluation, Harvest-assist, In-field sorting, Machinery system, Occupational injuries.
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Hoque, MA, MZ Hossain, and MA Hossain. "Design and development of a power groundnut sheller." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 4 (2018): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i4.39162.
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In Bangladesh groundnut shelling is done manually which is laborious, time consuming and costly. Shelling of groundnut pod with the help of mechanical power can be a probable solution of this problem. A power groundnut sheller was designed and fabricated in Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering (FMPE) Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2011-13. The sheller was made of Mild Steel (MS) angle bar, MS flat bar, MS rod, MS sheet, MS sieve, rubber pad etc. The shelling capacities of power groundnut sheller were 110 and 115 kg/h for Dhaka-1 and BARI Badam-8, respectively. Average breakage of groundnut kernel was 2% at 7.5% moisture content (wb). The maximum and minimum unshelled pods were about12.4% and 9.18% for Dhaka -1 and BARI Badam-8, respectively. The shelling efficiency of the power groundnut sheller for Dhaka-1 and BARI Badam-8 were 86.6 and 88.82% respectively at 11.5% moisture content (wb). Winnowing efficiency was found to be 99% in the power groundnut sheller. The use of power groundnut sheller can reduce the cost of shelling by 76% over the manual groundnut sheller. This power groundnut sheller is recommended for shelling of groundnut at farm level and small industry level in Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 631-645, December 2018
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Dorokhov, Alexey, Alexander Aksenov, Maksim Mosyakov, and Nikolay Sazonov. "Determining the speed of soil particles during the covering of set onion with a disk-type working element featuring a soil guide." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127305009.
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In Russia, the major share of vegetable products is produced during the period of March to August. This is due to the inadequate volumes of vegetables fit for long-term storage, and the use of technologies of early production of vegetable cultures. Apart from the above, vegetable farming is highly dependent on imported seed stock. In view of the above, import phaseout and improvement of competitiveness of vegetable cultures in Russia should focus on the development of technologies of production of storable products, as well as on methods of early harvesting of vegetables (during the period of May to July). With regards to the production of bulb vegetables, this problem may be solved by expanding industrial cultivation of onions from set onions, as well as planting of both seeds and seedlings during the autumn season. In particular, techniques of production of set onion, bulb onion from seedlings, and of blackseed onion have poor scientific and methodological background. This deficiency results in a gap between domestic and international process and engineering aspects. This calls for the development and introduction of machines designed for production of onion from seedlings that would be in line with the modern level of development of farm machinery industry for vegetable production.
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Nesmiyan, A. Yu, and Yu S. Tsench. "Tendencies and Prospects for the Development of Domestic Machinery for Sowing Grain Crops." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, no. 3 (2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-3-45-52.
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The design of domestic grain drills largely determines the quality of sowing and the effectiveness of technologies for cultivating farm grain and seed crops in general. (Research purpose) To consider the development stages of domestic industrial production of grain drills and, in the form of an analytical review, to present the main information a chronological order. (Materials and Methods) the authors have conducted an expert analysis of the results of domestic scientists’ research on the effect of the surface distribution of seeds on the yield of grain crops and determined general trends in the development of sowing machines, which made it possible to implement various methods of sowing cereals. The authors have also identified the main trends and stages of industrial production of grain drills in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. (Results and discussion) The contribution of Russian and Soviet scientists to the improvement of grain drills and the issues of the optimization of structural and operational characteristics of sowing units have been analyzed in the paper. The authors have determined and examined the main directions of development of grain drill in the pre-perestroika period, as well as characterized the state of the domestic agricultural machinery industry at the present stage. (Conclusions) Basing on the results of the conducted research, the authors have found that the development of grain drill designs in the domestic agrarian market is influenced by various reasons and has several directions. Among the most obvious trends we can single out the following ones: the use of the best foreign samples as prototypes; a tendency to increase the area of plant nutrition; the use of operational experience and comparative test results; optimization of design and technological parameters of drills based on the results of targeted scientific research; the development of machines that ensure the rational utilization of the energy resources used; extending the functionality of sowing machines as a result of combining operations and carrying out sowing on stubble backgrounds.
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Shimoda, T., M. H. Heine, R. C. Woodhouse, and P. Rowlinson. "From where do dairy farmers get their information?" Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022352.
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Dairy Farmers receive information from the whole range of the sector relating to the dairying industry, whether they actively seek information or not. The survey carried out attempted to identify British farmers’ perception of the information sources of greatest value to them. This survey was limited to a sample of dairy farmers in England and Wales.A postal survey was conducted with questionnaires being sent to 306 dairy farmers selected from the Public Register of the Milk Marketing Board of England and Wales. The sample size was 1.0% of registered dairy farmers from each of the eleven MMB regions. The questionnaire was in six parts. The first contained three questions on the farm itself (i.e. the MMB region, breed of cow, herd size). The remaining parts concerned five categories of potential information sources. These were: (1) hard copy (i.e. printed) publications from official or semi-official bodies, firms which provided agrochemicals, feedstuffs, machinery etc and their sales agencies, and the farming press; (2) broadcasting services on the radio and TV; (3) databases services from database producers or viewdata/teletext; (4) individual contacts which were precoded as MAFF/ADAS advisers, the MMB/Genus consultants, private consultants, other farmers, agrochemicals/fertilsers suppliers, feedstuffs suppliers, pharmaceutical suppliers, machinery suppliers and veterinary surgeons; and (5) other institutions which identified such remaining sources as educational institutes, research institutes, information centres, public libraries, and farming organisations.
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Ryan, Mark. "Agricultural Big Data Analytics and the Ethics of Power." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33, no. 1 (2019): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09812-0.
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AbstractAgricultural Big Data analytics (ABDA) is being proposed to ensure better farming practices, decision-making, and a sustainable future for humankind. However, the use and adoption of these technologies may bring about potentially undesirable consequences, such as exercises of power. This paper will analyse Brey’s five distinctions of power relationships (manipulative, seductive, leadership, coercive, and forceful power) and apply them to the use agricultural Big Data. It will be shown that ABDA can be used as a form of manipulative power to initiate cheap land grabs and acquisitions. Seductive power can be exercised by pressuring farmers into situations they would not have otherwise chosen (such as installing monitors around their farm and limited access to their farm and machinery). It will be shown that agricultural technology providers (ATPs) demonstrate leadership power by getting farmers to agree to use ABDA without informed consent. Coercive power is exercised when ATPs threaten farmers with the loss of ABDA if they do not abide by the policies and requirements of the ATP or are coerced to remain with the ATP because of fear of legal and economic reprisal. ATPs may use ABDA to determine willingness-to-pay rates from farmers, using this information to force farmers into precarious and vulnerable positions. Altogether, this paper will apply these five types of power to the use and implementation of ABDA to demonstrate that it is being used to exercise power in the agricultural industry.
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Herndon, Cary W. “Bill.” "The Ethanolization of Agriculture and the Roles of Agricultural Economists." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 2 (2008): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023701.
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First, please permit me the latitude to use a bit of poetic license in coining the term, “ethanolization,” which attempts to describe the upheaval and chaos witnessed across the agricultural sector attributed to the booming corn-based ethanol industry. Ethanolization has focused its impact on agriculture and, in particular, the U.S. agricultural sector as a combination of market-induced and policy-induced factors have created a “perfect storm” that is causing dramatic shocks to virtually every crop and livestock producer and agribusiness. Coining the term ethanolization also borrows from past eras in agriculture described as the “mechanization” of agriculture in the 1940s and 1950s and the “industrialization” of agriculture in the 1990s. Mechanization described a period when widespread adoption of farm machinery occurred across the United States. Then, industrialization, accredited to a body of writings by Draben-stott and Barkema, portrayed a “quiet revolution” of ever-increasing size and specialization of U.S. farms, ranches, and agribusinesses. Now, ethanolization attempts to characterize a similar revolution that is affecting essentially every facet of American agriculture.
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Kovalev, L., and I. Kovalev. "Rationing of material costs in the technical service of animal husbandry." Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2004-02.
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The diversification of the development of animal husbandry in Belarus, and especially its dairy sector, imposes additional requirements for the efficient and rational use of material resources. In the republic and abroad, many scientific articles are published on the issues of resource conservation, rationing and saving of raw materials, materials, fuel and energy. However, the necessary modern scientifically based standards for the needs of the livestock industry in spare parts and materials are currently extremely insufficient. The existing standards either have not found proper practical application in modern production conditions, or are completely outdated and can no longer be applied in the current conditions of rapidly developing market relations. The development of progressive standards for the maintenance and repair of livestock equipment from the point of view of scientific cost rationing practices is a necessary and relevant topic. The current level of development of industrial technologies dictates high requirements for the reliability of machines and equipment as a result of their efficient and economical operation. It is based on the mandatory use of the latest means of control and adjustment of technological equipment and requires a comprehensive approach to solving engineering and technical problems. This problem is particularly relevant for the livestock industry, as here the operating costs of equipment are up to 18 %, and in the dairy sector of livestock, the operating costs of machinery and equipment along the entire chain: from the livestock farm to the processing plant and to the sales counter, can exceed 20% in the cost of final products. In this study, the material costs of technical services in animal husbandry are determined by several normative-forming factors, using the methods of multivariate regression analysis, dependencies are established based on the categories of complexity for maintenance and repair by groups of machines and equipment used in animal husbandry. A clear justification is given for the use of the developed standards in the maintenance of livestock equipment in order to save material resources on livestock farms and in complexes in today's conditions.
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Thomas, G. A., G. W. Titmarsh, D. M. Freebairn, and B. J. Radford. "No-tillage and conservation farming practices in grain growing areas of Queensland - a review of 40 years of development." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06204.
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Early agricultural practices in Queensland inadvertently led to accelerated soil erosion. During the 1940s, the Queensland Government initiated a soil conservation service that worked with the principles of matching land use with its capability, as well as runoff management using earth structures such as contour banks and grassed waterways. A concerted effort began in the 1960s to develop and adapt farming systems that maximised retention of crop residues to maintain surface cover to complement the earthworks. Investigation and promotion of farm machinery capable of dealing with high stubble levels commenced in the mid-1970s. Demonstrations of the benefits of reduced and no-tillage conservation farming practices for improved productivity and soil conservation also began at this time. The combined research, development and extension efforts of farmers, grower organisations, agribusiness and government agencies have contributed to an increase in the understanding of soil–water–crop interactions that have led to the adoption of no-tillage and conservation farming practices in Queensland. In 2005, the overall area under no-tillage was ~50% of the cropping land in the main grain growing areas of southern and central Queensland, but was potentially as high as 85% among some groups of farmers. Conservation farming practices, in their many forms, are now regarded as standard practice, and the agricultural advisory industry is involved considerably in providing advice on optimum herbicide application and crop rotation strategies for these practices. Factors hindering greater adoption of no-tillage include: farmer attitudes and aspirations, machinery conversion or replacement costs, buildup of soil and stubble-borne plant diseases, use of residual herbicides that may limit crop options, dual use of land for grazing and cropping, herbicide resistance, buildup of hard-to-kill weeds, the need for soil disturbance in some situations, and concerns by farmers about the effects of herbicides on the environment and human health. Developments that may aid further adoption of no-tillage systems include: ongoing machinery modifications that allow greater flexibility in the cropping systems, refinement of controlled traffic farming and precision agriculture, improved crop resistance or tolerance to plant diseases associated with stubble retention, availability of more crop options and rotations, development of a broader spectrum of effective herbicides and the use of genetic modification technologies to breed herbicide-resistant crops.
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STAROSTIN, IVAN A. "ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ: ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ, ТЕКУЩИЙ УРОВЕНЬ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ". Agricultural engineering, № 3 (2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-3-4-10.
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Digital technologies have been deeply integrated into our lives and found their application in all areas of human activity, including agriculture. Technological progress, the development of infrastructure in the IT industry, wider access to the Internet, a high level of education and growing computer literacy of the population contribute to the popularization and introduction of digital technologies in agricultural production. The review of the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector has shown that existing software tools help plan the work of an agricultural organization, monitor the state of production, manage the farm, and sell products on virtual trading platforms. Most software products are able to store data in the cloud, and farmers can access the system via their personal account from any device with Internet access. There are also a number of programs on the market that allow farmers to plan, analyze and control the crop or livestock production. Leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment are actively integrating digital technologies into their products. It is now possible to manage a fl eet of vehicles used in the fi elds, and implement unmanned control. Use can be made of tractors equipped with automatic systems for driving along rows or laid paths, turning, and monitoring process parameters. The authors propose a set of digital control means to be used in agricultural production, based on the application of technologies of the Internet of things, cloud data storage, big data processing, and artifi cial intelligence. It is the technologies that digital agriculture will be based on, which use robotic monitoring tools to collect information and transmit it to “cloud data storage”. It is processed there and directed to the control system, which develops the optimal solution and transmits the control signal to the robotic actuators. In this regard, the development of agricultural machinery should be focused on the robotic tools designed for monitoring and performing technological operations. The most diffi cult task is to develop a control system, since it must have elements of artifi cial intelligence and replace humans in agricultural production.
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Rixon, Daphne, and Karen Lightstone. "Passion or profit: Bloody Creek Vineyard." CASE Journal 13, no. 6 (2017): 750–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-09-2016-0071.
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Synopsis Edward Rowan, 89 year-old patriarch and the Rowan family were trying to decide if they should start a vineyard in the Nova Scotia Annapolis Valley. Edward had a life-long dream of starting a vineyard on this five-acre farm. Edward, his son David and granddaughter Mary along with their respective spouses had agreed to be partners and provide financing to start the vineyard. The time had arrived to make a decision because they had to order the vines by the end of the month. While they have an extended family to provide free labor for planting, pruning and harvesting along with free access to the necessary machinery, they wanted to be sure that they did not lose money on the venture. They recognized the first four to five years would not generate profits, but they wanted to ensure that in the long term the venture would be viable. Research methodology This case was developed from an interview with Donna Rowan, a documentary review of the family’s estimates as well as an interview with the owner of a well-established vineyard in the Annapolis Valley. Secondary sources were used to provide information on the industry and average costs to operate a vineyard. The case uses a partial disguise with respect to the names of family members. The case was tested at the Atlantic Schools of Business student case competition where ten teams from different Atlantic universities participated. The authors were not judges and all suggested changes have been incorporated in the case. Relevant courses and levels The relevant courses are: managerial accounting undergraduate programs; intermediate accounting and entrepreneurship courses in undergraduate programs; second-level accounting and entrepreneurship courses in MBA programs; and professional accounting programs’ CPA.
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Georgieva, Maria. "Formation of organizational and production structures in the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in the conditions of European integration." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.02.
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The peculiarities of the formation of new organizational and production structures of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in terms of integration into the European Union are considered. One of the conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of Bulgarian agriculture was the creation of a significant number of farms of various organizational and legal forms. Peculiarities of creation and functioning of private agricultural enterprises against the background of privatization of former labor cooperatives and state farms with observance of a clearly regulated legislative procedure are studied. The peculiarities of creating private agricultural farms in two forms are generalized: private households and large agro-firms. Of course, there were some difficulties with the privatization of agricultural machinery, equipment, technical and farm buildings. Also, difficulties arose with the management of agricultural commodity production due to the long absence of a tradition of private property in agriculture. It is proved that one of the features of the formation of new organizational and production structures was their creation on the basis of decolectivization and privatization. The main task of this process was to create an efficient and competitive environment for the development of the agricultural sector. The basis of agricultural management in Bulgaria in the period 1996-2007 were private agricultural enterprises, which were more efficient in their activities than other organizational and legal forms of management. However, the imperfection of the management system of the agricultural sector did not allow to accelerate the process of productivity of the industry, to attract the latest scientific advances and more efficient use of logistics. In the pre-integration period, no program of management actions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises was developed, which did not contribute to the growth of their financial and economic indicators and the competitiveness of these farms.
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Kabanenko, M. N. "ROLE OF INFORMATION IN THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 7 (2020): 1339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-7-1339-1347.
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Modern digital technologies used in agriculture to realize the goals and solve certain problems are designed to provide the appropriate response centers with the necessary information for making operational management decisions and effectively managing the activities of enterprises in general. The effective implementation of digital technologies in the industry is possible if there is a system of indicators that should be adequate to social and production conditions and the technological process of agricultural production; it should reliably reflect the results of production activities, contribute to the fullest possible coverage of daily production processes and identify on-farm reserves. The indicators used to create the information base for the implementation of digital technologies in agricultural management should be grouped into the following groups: physical, natural, qualitative, technical, regulatory, social, labor, quantitative and environmental. Physical indicators accumulate information about the actual state, availability and use of controlled objects; the natural ones - about the temperature and humidity of the air, the strength and direction of the wind, the level of rainwater, the depth of soil freezing, the suitability of the soil for carrying out certain agricultural works, etc.; the qualitative ones - about the environment of production processes; the technical ones - about the enterprise provision with agricultural machinery, its workload, etc.; the normative ones - about the established norms, approved plans, standards, estimates; the social ones - on the state and development of the social infrastructure of rural areas, the quality of life of the rural population; the labor ones - about labor productivity, etc .; the quantitative ones - about the progress of technological processes (in kind); and the environmental ones - on the use of natural resources, planning and implementation of environmental protection measures. The correct system of indicators will facilitate an immediate response to the process of implementing daily production programs and plans, characterize the controlled object most fully, give users the opportunity to quickly assess, compare the losses and benefits from each specific operation in the process of its implementation.
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Hulugalle, N. R., and F. Scott. "A review of the changes in soil quality and profitability accomplished by sowing rotation crops after cotton in Australian Vertosols from 1970 to 2006." Soil Research 46, no. 2 (2008): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07077.
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In agricultural systems, soil quality is thought of in terms of productive land that can maintain or increase farm profitability, as well as conserving soil resources so that future farming generations can make a living. Management practices which can modify soil quality include tillage systems and crop rotations. A major proportion of Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown on Vertosols (~75%), of which almost 80% is irrigated. These soils have high clay contents (40–80 g/100 g) and strong shrink–swell capacities, but are frequently sodic at depth and prone to deterioration in soil physical quality if incorrectly managed. Due to extensive yield losses caused by widespread deterioration of soil structure and declining fertility associated with tillage, trafficking, and picking under wet conditions during the middle and late 1970s, a major research program was initiated with the objective of developing soil management systems which could improve cotton yields while concurrently ameliorating and maintaining soil structure and fertility. An outcome of this research was the identification of cotton–winter crop sequences sown in a 1 : 1 rotation as being able to sustain lint yields while at the same time maintaining soil physical quality and minimising fertility decline. Consequently, today, a large proportion (~75%) of Australian cotton is grown in rotation with winter cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), or legumes such as faba bean (Vicia faba L.). A second phase of research on cotton rotations in Vertosols was initiated during the early 1990s with the main objective of identifying sustainable cotton–rotation crop sequences; viz. crop sequences which maintained and improved soil quality, minimised disease incidence, facilitated soil organic carbon sequestration, and maximised economic returns and cotton water use efficiency in the major commercial cotton-growing regions of Australia. The objective of this review was to summarise the key findings of both these phases of Australian research with respect to soil quality and profitability, and identify future areas of for research. Wheat rotation crops under irrigated and dryland conditions and in a range of climates where cotton is grown can improve soil quality indicators such as subsoil structure, salinity, and sodicity under irrigated and dryland conditions, while leguminous crops can increase available nitrogen by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, and by reducing N volatilisation and leaching losses. Soil organic carbon in most locations has decreased with time, although the rate of decrease may be reduced by sowing crop sequences that return about 2 kg/m2.crop cycle of residues to the soil, minimising tillage and optimising N inputs. Although the beneficial effects of soil biodiversity on quality of soil are claimed to be many, except for a few studies on soil macrofauna such as ants, conclusive field-based evidence to demonstrate this has not been forthcoming with respect to cotton rotations. In general, lowest average lint yields per hectare were with cotton monoculture. The cotton–wheat systems generally returned higher average gross margins/ML irrigation water than cotton monoculture and other rotation crops. This indicates that where irrigation water, rather than land, is the limiting resource, cotton–wheat systems would be more profitable. Recently, the addition of vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) to the cotton–wheat system has further improved average cotton yields and profitability. Profitability of cotton–wheat sequences varies with the relative price of cotton to wheat. In comparison with cotton monoculture, cotton–rotation crop sequences may be more resilient to price increases in fuel and fertiliser due to lower overall input costs. The profitability of cotton–rotation crop sequences such as cotton–wheat, where cotton is not sown in the same field every year, is more resilient to fluctuations in the price of cotton lint, fuel and nitrogen fertiliser. This review identified several issues with respect to cotton–rotation crop sequences where knowledge is lacking or very limited. These are: research into ‘new’ crop rotations; comparative soil quality effects of managing rotation crop stubble; machinery attachments for managing rotation crop stubble in situ in permanent bed systems; the minimum amount of crop stubble which needs to be returned per cropping cycle to increase SOC levels from present values; the relative efficacy of C3 and C4 rotation crops in relation to carbon sequestration; the interactions between soil biodiversity and soil physical and chemical quality indicators, and cotton yields; and the effects of sowing rotation crops after cotton on farm and cotton industry economic indicators such as the economic incentives for adopting new cotton rotations, farm level impacts of research and extension investments, and industry- and community/catchment-wide economic modelling of the impact of cotton research and extension activities.
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Artz, Georgeanne, Gregory Colson, and Roger Ginder. "A Return of the Threshing Ring? A Case Study of Machinery and Labor-Sharing in Midwestern Farms." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 4 (2010): 805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003977.
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Machinery-sharing provides an alternative for smaller producers to obtain the efficiencies of large farming operations and remain competitive in an increasingly concentrated agricultural industry. This research uses a multiple case study design to examine the motivations for sharing equipment and labor among farms and to better understand how group members handle the transaction costs of sharing. Our case evidence finds that in addition to cost savings, access to reliable labor is an important motivation for participating in a sharing arrangement. Trust and frequent communication among group members helps to minimize the transaction costs incurred from sharing.
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Farinella, Domenica, and Giulia Simula. "Land, sheep, and market: how dependency on global commodity chains changed relations between pastoralists and nature." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 47 (June 28, 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.47.005.
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In this article, we present a historical analysis on how Sardinian pastoralism has become an integrated activity in global capitalism, oriented to the production of cheap milk, through the extraction of ecological surplus from the exploitation of nature and labour. Pastoralism has often been looked at as a marginal and traditional activity. On the contrary, our objective is to stress the central role played by pastoralism in the capitalist world-ecology. Since there is currently little work analysing the historical development of pastoralism in a concrete agro-ecological setting from a world-ecology perspective, we want to contribute to the development of the literature by analysing the concrete case of Sardinian pastoralism. To do so, we will use the analytical framework of world-ecology to analyse the historical dialectic of capital accumulation and the production of nature through which pastoralism -understood as a socio-cultural system that organises nature-society relations for the reproduction of local rural societies- became an activity trapped in the production of market commodities and cheap food exploiting human (labour) and extra-human factors (e.g. land, water, environment, animals etc.). Looking at the exploitation of extra-human factors, the concept of ecological surplus allows us to understand how capital accumulation and surplus was possible thanks to the exploitation of nature, or rather the creation of cheap nature and chap inputs for the production of cheap commodities. We analyse historical pastoralism to understand how geopolitical configurations of global capitalism interact with the national and local scales to change pastoral production, nature and labour relations. We will pay particular attention to the role of land and the relationship between pastoralists and animals. The article is based on secondary data, historical material and primary data collected from 2012 to 2020 through qualitative interviews and ethnographic research. We identify four main cycles of agro-ecological transformation to explore the interactions between waves of historical capitalist expansion and changes in the exploitation of agroecological factors. The first two phases will be explored in the first section of the paper: the mercantilist phase during the modern era and the commodification of pastoralist products, which extend from the nineteenth century to the Second World War. In the mercantilist phase, the expansion of pastoralism finds its external limits in the trend of international demand (influenced by international trade policies that may favour or hinder exports) and its internal limits in the competition/complementarity with agriculture for the available land that results in a transhumant model of pastoralism. In this phase, the ecological surplus needed for capitalist accumulation is produced by nature as a gift, or nature for free, which results in the possibility of producing milk at a very low cost by exploiting the natural pasture of the open fields. The second cycle, “the commodification of pastoralist products”, started at the end of the nineteenth century, with the introduction on the island of the industrial processing of Pecorino Romano cheese, and which was increasingly in demand in the North American market. This pushed pastoralism towards a strong commodification. Shepherds stopped processing cheese on-farm and became producers of cheap milk for the Pecorino Romano processing industry. Industrialists control the distribution channels and therefore the price of milk. Moreover, following the partial privatisation of land and high rent prices, shepherds progressively lose the ecological surplus that was guaranteed by free land and natural grazing, key to lower production costs and to counterbalance the unequal distribution of wealth within the chain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, although the market for Pecorino Romano was growing, these contradictions emerged and the unfair redistribution of profits within the chain (which benefited industrialists, middlemen and landowners to the detriment of shepherds) led to numerous protests and the birth of shepherds' cooperatives. The second section of the paper will explore the third agro-ecological phase: the rise of the “monoculture of sheep-raising” through the modernisation policies (from the fifties until 1990s). The protests that affected the inland areas of Sardinia, as well as the increase in banditry, signal the impossibility of continuing to guarantee cheap nature and cheap labour, which are at the basis of the mechanism of capitalist accumulation. On the basis of these pressures, the 1970s witnessed a profound transformation that opened a new cycle of accumulation: laws favouring the purchase of land led to the sedenterization of pastoralism, while agricultural modernisation policies pushed towards the rationalisation of the farm. Land improvements and technological innovations (such as the milking machine and the purchase of agricultural machinery) led to the beginning of the “monoculture of sheep raising”: a phase of intensification in the exploitation of nature and the extraction of ecological surplus. This includes a great increase of the number of sheep per unit of agricultural area, thanks to the cultivated pasture replacing natural grazing and the production and purchase of stock and feed. Subsidised agricultural modernisation and sedentarisation can once again "sustain" the cost of cheap milk that is the basis of the industrial dairy chain. However, agricultural modernisation results in the further commodification of pastoralism, which becomes increasingly dependent on the upstream and downstream market, making pastoralists less autonomous. Moreover, given the impossibility of further expanding the herd, the productivity need of keeping low milk production costs has to be achieved through an increase in the average production per head. Therefore, there are higher investments in genetic selection to increase breed productivity, higher investments to improve animal feeding and a more intensive animal exploitation to increase productivity. These production strategies imply higher farm costs. In this context, the fourth phase, the neoliberal phase (analysed in the third section of the paper) broke out in Sardinia in the mid-1990s. With the end of export subsidies and the opening of the new large-scale retail channel in which producers are completely subordinate, it starts a period of increased volatility in the price of milk. In order to counter income erosion and achieve the productivity gains needed to continue producing cheap milk, pastoralists have intensified the exploitation of both human (labour) and non-human (nature) factors, with contradictory effects. In the case of nature, the intensive exploitation of land through monocultural crops has reduced biodiversity and impoverished the soil. In the case of labour, pastoralists have intensified the levels of self-exploitation and free family labour to extreme levels and have also resorted to cheaply paid foreign labourers. Throughout the paper, we reconstruct the path towards the production of "cheap milk" in Sardinia, processed mainly into pecorino romano for international export. We argue that the production of ecological surplus through the exploitation of nature and labour has been central to capital accumulation and to the unfolding of the capitalist world ecology. However, we have reached a point of crisis where pastoralists are trapped between rising costs and eroding revenues. Further exploitation of human (cheap labour) and extra-human (nature and animals) factors is becoming unsustainable for the great majority, leading to a polarization between pastoralists who push towards further intensification and mechanisation and pastoralists who increasingly de-commodify to build greater autonomy.
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Quintana, Álvaro Rafael, José Manuel Perea, María Llanos Palop, Ana Garzón, and Ramón Arias. "Influence of Environmental and Productive Factors on the Biodiversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Population from Sheep Milk." Animals 10, no. 11 (2020): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112180.
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Milk is a typical and satisfactory medium for the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These microorganisms are of vital importance in the quality of the milk since they contribute to its preservation and give differential organoleptic properties to the final product. Furthermore, LABs can act as biocontrol agents in the dairy industry by inhibiting the growth of undesirable bacteria present in milk and by improving the quality of dairy products such as cheese. In this context, knowing the transfer routes used by LABs from the livestock environment to the milk is of great importance within the dairy industry. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to expand the knowledge of the LAB population present in the milk of Manchego ewe by means of DNA sequencing techniques and to evaluate the possible transfers of LAB species based on the management of each dairy farm. Samples of bulk tank milk, air (from the milking parlour and from the livestock housing), animal feed and teat surface (taken from 10 sheep per farm) were collected in 12 traditional livestock farms in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), where each farm presented differences regarding their farming practices. A mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the effects of livestock practices on the distribution of LAB species. Results showed that the vast majority of species identified in the milk had an isolate that was also found in other matrices, which could indicate a microbial transference via the livestock environment to the milk. In addition, the mixed model showed that the factors that positively influence the LAB count were the low-line milking system and the daily use of acid detergent in cleaning the milking machine.
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Ma, Yuan-Jia, and Ming-Yue Zhai. "A Dual-Step Integrated Machine Learning Model for 24h-Ahead Wind Energy Generation Prediction Based on Actual Measurement Data and Environmental Factors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102125.
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Wind power generation output is highly uncertain, since it entirely depends on intermittent environmental factors. This has brought a serious problem to the power industry regarding the management of power grids containing a significant penetration of wind power. Therefore, a highly accurate wind power forecast is very useful for operating these power grids effectively and sustainably. In this study, a new dual-step integrated machine learning (ML) model based on the hybridization of wavelet transform (WT), ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO), and feedforward artificial neural network (FFANN) is devised for a 24 h-ahead wind energy generation forecast. The devised model consists of dual steps. The first step uses environmental factors (weather variables) to estimate wind speed at the installation point of the wind generation system. The second step fits the wind farm actual generation with the actual wind speed observation at the location of the farm. The predicted future speed in the first step is later given to the second step to estimate the future generation of the farm. The devised method achieves significantly acceptable and promising forecast accuracy. The forecast accuracy of the devised method is evaluated through several criteria and compared with other ML based models and persistence based reference models. The daily mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the normalized mean absolute error (NMAE), and the forecast skill (FS) values achieved by the devised method are 4.67%, 0.82%, and 56.22%, respectively. The devised model outperforms all the evaluated models with respect to various performance criteria.
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Caruso, Massimo, Vittorio Cecconi, Antonino O. Di Tommaso, and Ronilson Rocha. "A Rotor Flux and Speed Observer for Sensorless Single-Phase Induction Motor Applications." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/276906.
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It is usual to find single-phase induction motor (SPIM) in several house, office, shopping, farm, and industry applications, which are become each time more sophisticated and requiring the development of efficient alternatives to improve the operational performance of this machine. Although the rotor flux and rotational speed are essential variables in order to optimize the operation of a SPIM, the use of conventional sensors to measure them is not a viable option. Thus, the adoption of sensorless strategies is the more reasonable proposal for these cases. This paper presents a rotor flux and rotational speed observer for sensorless applications involving SPIMs. Computer simulations and the experimental results are used to verify the performance of the proposed observer.
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Shine, Philip, Michael D. Murphy, and John Upton. "A Global Review of Monitoring, Modeling, and Analyses of Water Demand in Dairy Farming." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177201.
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The production of milk must be balanced with the sustainable consumption of water resources to ensure the future sustainability of the global dairy industry. Thus, this review article aimed to collate and summarize the literature in the dairy water-usage domain. While green water use (e.g., rainfall) was found to be largest category of water use on both stall and pasture-based dairy farms, on-farm blue water (i.e., freshwater) may be much more susceptible to local water shortages due to the nature of its localized supply through rivers, lakes, or groundwater aquifers. Research related to freshwater use on dairy farms has focused on monitoring, modeling, and analyzing the parlor water use and free water intake of dairy cows. Parlor water use depends upon factors related to milk precooling, farm size, milking systems, farming systems, and washing practices. Dry matter intake is a prominent variable in explaining free water intake variability; however, due to the unavailability of accurate data, some studies have reported moving away from dry matter intake at the expense of prediction accuracy. Machine-learning algorithms have been shown to improve dairy water-prediction accuracy by 23%, which may allow for coarse model inputs without reducing accuracy. Accurate models of on-farm water use allow for an increased number of dairy farms to be used in water footprinting studies, as the need for physical metering equipment is mitigated.
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Ghifari, Muhammad Faisal, and Muhammed Ali Berawi. "Design Optimization on Cost Efficiency and Benefit Increase of Project Construction Unit Production PT.X." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 4, no. 1 (2021): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i1.1142.
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The increased consumption of poultry in Indonesia, opening up greater business opportunities in the industry. The rapid project construction in the livestock business should be questioned whether the implementation of project has been carried out properly? The evaluation of production requirements, project design scenarios, the cost of project, and the value of every component that have been carried out should be identified by evaluating the requirements, specifications, standard quality, the machines and equipment. In the last 4 years, PT.X has built 4 new breeding farm units, in far different locations, typical layouts, land areas, varied building and installation designs. This resulted in the creation of master plan that was not standardized. By conducting an evaluation related to design optimization on the construction of the 4 PT X breeding farm unit, the better standard design is obtained in terms of cost and value. The research of the method done by analyzing the production needs as a scenario design that produce the parameter design as the reference in making the new standard design. The result of the optimization is an efficient cost with suitable function for the production and also giving some extra benefit by providing more facilities and utilities.
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Bodini, Nicola, and Mike Optis. "The importance of round-robin validation when assessing machine-learning-based vertical extrapolation of wind speeds." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 2 (2020): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-489-2020.
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Abstract. The extrapolation of wind speeds measured at a meteorological mast to wind turbine rotor heights is a key component in a bankable wind farm energy assessment and a significant source of uncertainty. Industry-standard methods for extrapolation include the power-law and logarithmic profiles. The emergence of machine-learning applications in wind energy has led to several studies demonstrating substantial improvements in vertical extrapolation accuracy in machine-learning methods over these conventional power-law and logarithmic profile methods. In all cases, these studies assess relative model performance at a measurement site where, critically, the machine-learning algorithm requires knowledge of the rotor-height wind speeds in order to train the model. This prior knowledge provides fundamental advantages to the site-specific machine-learning model over the power-law and log profiles, which, by contrast, are not highly tuned to rotor-height measurements but rather can generalize to any site. Furthermore, there is no practical benefit in applying a machine-learning model at a site where winds at the heights relevant for wind energy production are known; rather, its performance at nearby locations (i.e., across a wind farm site) without rotor-height measurements is of most practical interest. To more fairly and practically compare machine-learning-based extrapolation to standard approaches, we implemented a round-robin extrapolation model comparison, in which a random-forest machine-learning model is trained and evaluated at different sites and then compared against the power-law and logarithmic profiles. We consider 20 months of lidar and sonic anemometer data collected at four sites between 50 and 100 km apart in the central United States. We find that the random forest outperforms the standard extrapolation approaches, especially when incorporating surface measurements as inputs to include the influence of atmospheric stability. When compared at a single site (the traditional comparison approach), the machine-learning improvement in mean absolute error was 28 % and 23 % over the power-law and logarithmic profiles, respectively. Using the round-robin approach proposed here, this improvement drops to 20 % and 14 %, respectively. These latter values better represent practical model performance, and we conclude that round-robin validation should be the standard for machine-learning-based wind speed extrapolation methods.
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Meltebrink, Christian, Tom Ströer, Benjamin Wegmann, Cornelia Weltzien, and Arno Ruckelshausen. "Concept and Realization of a Novel Test Method Using a Dynamic Test Stand for Detecting Persons by Sensor Systems on Autonomous Agricultural Robotics." Sensors 21, no. 7 (2021): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072315.
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As an essential part for the development of autonomous agricultural robotics, the functional safety of autonomous agricultural machines is largely based on the functionality and robustness of non-contact sensor systems for human protection. This article presents a new step in the development of autonomous agricultural machine with a concept and the realization of a novel test method using a dynamic test stand on an agricultural farm in outdoor areas. With this test method, commercially available sensor systems are tested in a long-term test around the clock for 365 days a year and 24 h a day on a dynamic test stand in continuous outdoor use. A test over a longer period of time is needed to test as much as possible all occurring environmental conditions. This test is determined by the naturally occurring environmental conditions. This fact corresponds to the reality of unpredictable/determinable environmental conditions in the field and makes the test method and test stand so unique. The focus of the developed test methods is on creating own real environment detection areas (REDAs) for each sensor system, which can be used to compare and evaluate the autonomous human detection of the sensor systems for the functional safety of autonomous agricultural robots with a humanoid test target. Sensor manufacturers from industry and the automotive sector provide their sensor systems to have their sensors tested in cooperation with the TÜV.
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Fidelibus, Matthew W. "Grapevine Cultivars, Trellis Systems, and Mechanization of the California Raisin Industry." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (2014): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.285.
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Growers in California’s San Joaquin Valley produced >25% of the world’s raisins in 2012, with a farm-gate value of >$590 million, making the United States the leading global producer of raisins. California’s traditional raisin-making method is a laborious process in which clusters of grapes (Vitis vinifera) are harvested by hand onto paper trays, which are left in the vineyard to dry. The drying fruit may need to be turned or rolled, tasks requiring manual labor, and the trays of dried raisins are also picked up by hand. Most California raisins continue to be made in this way, but in recent years, the declining availability and increasing cost of labor has prompted many growers to implement one of two mechanized production systems, “continuous tray” (CT) or “dry-on-vine” (DOV). In CT systems, machines are used to pick the berries, lay them onto a tray, and pick up the dried raisins. The CT system could be considered a short-term strategy: it is compatible with existing conventional ‘Thompson Seedless’ raisin vineyards and has been widely adopted. The DOV system could be considered a medium-term strategy: it is best suited for vineyards specifically designed for DOV, with early ripening grapevine cultivars on expansive trellis systems, which ensures timely drying, and capitalizes on the fact that sunlit row middles are not needed for fruit drying. Grapevine breeding programs are currently working toward the development of raisin grape cultivars with fruitful basal nodes, with fruit that dry naturally upon ripening. This is a long-term strategy to further reduce labor needs by enabling mechanical pruning in winter and eliminating the need for cane severance in the summer.
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Rizov, Marian. "A vision of the farming sector’s future: What is in there for farmers in the time of the Second Machine Age?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, no. 8 (2020): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02690942211010151.
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Recent technological advances both on the farm and in the lab are boosting not only the efficiency of modern farming but have made it also more independent from nature than ever before. Increasingly affordable and accessible new technologies are helping us to better understand and ‘manage’ nature and thus, for first time in history farming is becoming as any other industry – susceptible to specialisation and economies of scale. This in turn, besides increases in productivity and the minimum efficient scale, leads to fundamental organisational change, away from traditional family farms and towards corporate forms with the associated implications for employment and rural livelihoods. Recent evidence from the digitalisation in agriculture suggests that new technologies require developing capabilities in abstract and analytical skills substituting skills in routine tasks. However, this is not the end game for farmers; new partnerships between technology providers and agribusiness players emerge as digitalisation and connectivity become a strategic issue. Thus, while the first Industrial Revolution led to machines replacing ‘muscles’ the new Digital Revolution is leading to machines replacing ‘brains and souls’, and it may eventually end family farming as we know it.
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Merizalde, Yuri, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Oscar Duque-Perez, and Víctor Alonso-Gómez. "Maintenance Models Applied to Wind Turbines. A Comprehensive Overview." Energies 12, no. 2 (2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020225.
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Wind power generation has been the fastest-growing energy alternative in recent years, however, it still has to compete with cheaper fossil energy sources. This is one of the motivations to constantly improve the efficiency of wind turbines and develop new Operation and Maintenance (O&M) methodologies. The decisions regarding O&M are based on different types of models, which cover a wide range of scenarios and variables and share the same goal, which is to minimize the Cost of Energy (COE) and maximize the profitability of a wind farm (WF). In this context, this review aims to identify and classify, from a comprehensive perspective, the different types of models used at the strategic, tactical, and operational decision levels of wind turbine maintenance, emphasizing mathematical models (MatMs). The investigation allows the conclusion that even though the evolution of the models and methodologies is ongoing, decision making in all the areas of the wind industry is currently based on artificial intelligence and machine learning models.
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Grala, Dariusz T. "The Agricultural Reform of 1981 and the Competition for Resources Between Peasant Farms and State-Owned Farms in the 1980s." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 38, no. 1 (2020): 100–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2020-0005.
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Abstract In the economy of the Polish People’s Republic in the field of agriculture, the key resources which were a subject of competition included: land; production assets (machines, devices, tools for agricultural production, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals) and people necessary to work on farms and for farms. The command economy of the times of the People’s Republic of Poland was an example of an economy of permanent shortages, which increased in times of crises of the entire system. The collapse of 1979-1982 was such a socio-economic crisis. The Trade Union of Independent Farmers’ “Solidarity”, which was part of the great social protest movement in 1980-1981, forced a change in the communist regime’s approach to the peasantry and, together with other pressure groups, contributed to the implementation of the agricultural reform covering the entire sphere of agriculture and not only its state farm segment. The reform of 1981, initiated by the Rzeszów-Ustrzyki agreements, gradually changed the living situation of farmers and, above all, led to changes in the profitability of agricultural production and the legalization of trade in meat products at marketplaces as well as the release of prices for food products in 1989. Peasant farms won the competition with state-owned farms for capital resources – new production factors, and they expanded their land acreage (land factor). Farmers, however, were losing competition for workers in confrontation with industry and services in cities and state-owned farms, where farm workers could count on very generous social benefits.
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Жичкин, Kirill Zhichkin, Гусейнов, and Farid Guseynov. "TAXATION OF PRIVATE FARMS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 4 (2014): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7735.
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Much of the food and funds for the building industry went through taxes. During the thirties, private farms were subject to a rather complicated system of taxes. They can be divided into several groups: natural (tax for meat supply, milk, potato and wool), money (insurance, self-taxation, cultural duty, agricultural tax), indirect (loans for the creation of machine and tractor stations (Traktorotsentr shares), the second five-year plan, etc.; taking tax for a place in the market (one-time charge). These taxes are very different in importance and therefore possible to avoid them. If the natural taxes were high priority and almost did not develop, the money (especially local) had a fairly extensive system of benefits. However, this situation was ambiguous. Everything depended on the leadership of the district and village councils, which are adjusted to the specific tax assignments smallholdings. In some places, the authorities took the initiative to establish new taxes. These include: the establishment of tax for housing constructions in rural areas, the for coachman keeping, fire buildings, for an extra staff in rural councils, the beautification of the club. In other cases - unjustifiably inflated rates of existing taxes. A particular story - the imposition of fines and penalties on arrears. In some cases, local authorities have resorted to unjustified repression (assorted home, described the property, etc.). Despite the difficult conditions, during this period smallholders played a positive role in providing rural people with food. So in 1936, compared to the drought at 1930, there were no hunger in the Middle Volga region.
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Castellani, Francesco, and Davide Astolfi. "Editorial on Special Issue “Wind Turbine Power Optimization Technology”." Energies 13, no. 7 (2020): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071796.
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This Special Issue collects innovative contributions in the field of wind turbine optimization technology. The general motivation of the present Special Issue is given by the fact that there has recently been a considerable boost of the quest for wind turbine efficiency optimization in the academia and in the wind energy practitioners communities. The optimization can be focused on technology and operation of single turbine or a group of machines within a wind farm. This perspective is evidently multi-faced and the seven papers composing this Special Issue provide a representative picture of the most ground-breaking state of the art about the subject. Wind turbine power optimization means scientific research about the design of innovative aerodynamic solutions for wind turbine blades and of wind turbine single or collective control, especially for increasing rotor size and exploitation in offshore environment. It should be noticed that some recently developed aerodynamic and control solutions have become available in the industry practice and therefore an interesting line of development is the assessment of the actual impact of optimization technology for wind turbines operating in field: this calls for non-trivial data analysis and statistical methods. The optimization approach must be 360 degrees; for this reason also offshore resource should be addressed with the most up to date technologies such as floating wind turbines, in particular as regards support structures and platforms to be employed in ocean environment. Finally, wind turbine power optimization means as well improving wind farm efficiency through innovative uses of pre-existent control techniques: this is employed, for example, for active control of wake interactions in order to maximize the energy yield and minimize the fatigue loads.
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Shine, Philip, John Upton, Paria Sefeedpari, and Michael D. Murphy. "Energy Consumption on Dairy Farms: A Review of Monitoring, Prediction Modelling, and Analyses." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051288.
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The global consumption of dairy produce is forecasted to increase by 19% per person by 2050. However, milk production is an intense energy consuming process. Coupled with concerns related to global greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, increasing the production of milk must be met with the sustainable use of energy resources, to ensure the future monetary and environmental sustainability of the dairy industry. This body of work focused on summarizing and reviewing dairy energy research from the monitoring, prediction modelling and analyses point of view. Total primary energy consumption values in literature ranged from 2.7 MJ kg−1 Energy Corrected Milk on organic dairy farming systems to 4.2 MJ kg−1 Energy Corrected Milk on conventional dairy farming systems. Variances in total primary energy requirements were further assessed according to whether confinement or pasture-based systems were employed. Overall, a 35% energy reduction was seen across literature due to employing a pasture-based dairy system. Compared to standard regression methods, increased prediction accuracy has been demonstrated in energy literature due to employing various machine-learning algorithms. Dairy energy prediction models have been frequently utilized throughout literature to conduct dairy energy analyses, for estimating the impact of changes to infrastructural equipment and managerial practices.
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Underwood, Greg, Daniel Andrews, Tin Phung, and Lauren E. Edwards. "Incubation, hatchery practice and the welfare of layer hens." Animal Production Science 61, no. 10 (2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20391.
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For modern layers to achieve optimum production performance and welfare state, the entire production process needs to be managed to achieve target bodyweight, body composition and flock uniformity. In addition to genetic improvements, flock health, environment, nutrition and on-farm husbandry practices, incubation and hatchery practices have become a focal point for producing optimum chick quality. Chick quality is a collective term involving chick size and anatomical features, physiology, robustness and liveability over the first week after placement. Chick quality is a key focus for hatcheries as this has been positively correlated with overall flock performance, especially egg production, shell quality, liveability and animal welfare. Recent advances in incubation have focussed on the benefits of all-in–all-out (single-stage) machines. Innovation in incubation systems is completely conducted today by international manufacturers, and is largely driven by the meat chicken industry. Disposal of male layer chicks has increased as a consumer welfare concern, and while investment in research and legislation changes are focussed towards providing or driving new solutions, there are currently no commercial options for industry to deal with this problem before incubation or hatch. Chick transport systems and equipment have also significantly improved in recent years, providing optimum conditions to ensure temperature uniformity and minimal moisture loss during transit before placement, thus optimising chick quality. Together, recent improvements in incubation equipment and hatchery practice can produce commercial layer chicks that are healthy, of high quality, and are then in an optimal physiological state and condition to achieve their genetic potential.
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Mottram, T. T., and L. Masson. "Dumb animals and smart machines: the implications of modern milking systems for integrated management of dairy cows." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500041017.
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AbstractThe dairy industry has continued to innovate to meet the needs of the consumers' specification of milk at a low price, of good hygienic quality and with rising expectations of animal welfare. The introduction of robotic milking offers the opportunity for the cost effective deployment of novel sensors for a variety of milk analytes. Traditional methods of monitoring health changes in animals are based entirely on the human senses. However, in modern milking systems humans rarely have enough time to see the cows to observe for signs of ill health, the extreme case is that of robotic milking. Novel sensors will allow closed loop control systems where the early detection of deviations from optimal performance will enable the farm manager to make management decisions before damage to potential milk yields is irreversible. Where a biological model already exists, for example, in the prediction of ovulation with milk progesterone analysis, rapid progress is being made towards an automated prediction system. Integrated management systems for dairy cows will not only have the traditional goals of efficient milk production but can also be tuned to reduce polluting outputs of ammonia, phosphorus and methane. The main metabolic markers in milk to be monitored are urea, fat, ketones and protein. The detection of mastitis can be achieved by the development of sensor systems to detect enzyme markers of inflammatory response such as Nagase. Multi-disciplinary research is needed to develop integrated management systems drawing all the different elements of dairy cow management into a single system. The major cause of death in dairy cows is dystocia and monitoring systems are needed to ensure that parturition is better managed.
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Нікілєв, О. "THE MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING SPHERE OF THE UKRAINIAN VILLAGE: TASKS OF REFORMING IN HOURS Khrushchev's Thaw." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11941.
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Attempts are being made to reform the Khrushchev leadership of the Ukrainian agricultural sector in the context of a proclaimed policy of a powerful uplift of the agricultural sector in the short term. The ways and methods used to achieve this goal are shown. It was noted that in addition to financial support and reorganization of the structure of management of the material and production sphere of the village, a course was taken to increase the intellectual potential of the management and technological units of the collective farm production and its servicing structures, namely, machine-tractor stations. It is shown that this was planned at the expense of non-agricultural workers and residents of the city. It was found that the course to solve problems of agricultural production at the expense of other sectors of the economy did not justify itself At the same time, it is noted, in the course of its implementation, radical structural and organizational changes have occurred in the industry, the result of which was the abolition of the outdated system of relations between the collective farms and the state. The servicing agricultural artel structures, together with the material base and their employees, were included in the collective farms and became their integral part. At the same time there was a change in the functions of their specialists. Instead of bureaucratic planning and control, they began to implement technological and managerial ones. As a result of such changes, a new professional and industrial unit was formed in the collective farms, and in the countryside - a new social stratum - the production intelligentsia. In essence, this process was a cursory one, as the priority was to increase the productivity of collective farm production in accordance with the increased needs of the state through the elementary quantitative saturation of technological and managerial units of collective farms employees assigned to perform the relevant functions. This testified to the continued underestimation of the agricultural industry and the new management, to treating it as less valuable than other industries. In fact, despite certain quantitative and qualitative shifts, there was a lack of fulfillment of the basic tasks of organizational and economic reform of the material and production sphere of the Ukrainian village, as one of the important components of a powerful uplift of agricultural production.
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Spinelli, Raffaele, Natascia Magagnotti, and Carolina Lombardini. "Low-Investment Fully Mechanized Harvesting of Short-Rotation Poplar (populus spp.) Plantations." Forests 11, no. 5 (2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050502.
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European short-rotation poplar plantations are harvested at 5–8 year rotations and produce relatively small stems (0.05–0.10 m3), which represent a major challenge when designing a cost-effective harvesting chain. Until now, the challenge has been met through whole-tree chipping, which allows mass-handling all through the harvesting chain. However, the production of higher value logs for the panel industry requires devising different solutions. This study presents a fully mechanized low-investment system using an excavator-based feller-buncher shear, a grapple skidder obtained from the conversion of a common farm tractor and an excavator-mounted grapple saw adapted to work as a makeshift slasher. The system was tested in Northwestern Italy, achieving high productivity (between 14 and 20 t fresh weight per scheduled machine hour) and low harvesting cost (between 9 and 14 € t−1 fresh weight). However, crosscutting quality needs further improvement, because almost 50% of the logs did not meet factory specifications. Solutions to solve this issue are proposed. The tested system is suitable for local small-scale operators because it can be acquired with a reasonable capital investment (400,000 €) and it is versatile enough for use in a number of alternative jobs, when the coppice harvesting season is over.
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Ibrahim, Mariam, Ahmad Alsheikh, Qays Al-Hindawi, Sameer Al-Dahidi, and Hisham ElMoaqet. "Short-Time Wind Speed Forecast Using Artificial Learning-Based Algorithms." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (April 25, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8439719.
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The need for an efficient power source for operating the modern industry has been rapidly increasing in the past years. Therefore, the latest renewable power sources are difficult to be predicted. The generated power is highly dependent on fluctuated factors (such as wind bearing, pressure, wind speed, and humidity of surrounding atmosphere). Thus, accurate forecasting methods are of paramount importance to be developed and employed in practice. In this paper, a case study of a wind harvesting farm is investigated in terms of wind speed collected data. For data like the wind speed that are hard to be predicted, a well built and tested forecasting algorithm must be provided. To accomplish this goal, four neural network-based algorithms: artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and a hybrid model convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) that combines LSTM with CNN, and one support vector machine (SVM) model are investigated, evaluated, and compared using different statistical and time indicators to assure that the final model meets the goal that is built for. Results show that even though SVM delivered the most accurate predictions, ConvLSTM was chosen due to its less computational efforts as well as high prediction accuracy.
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Ibendahl, Gregory, Matthew Farrell, Stan Spurlock, and Jesse Tack. "Optimal replacement age of a conventional cotton harvester system." Agricultural Finance Review 74, no. 1 (2014): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-02-2013-0008.
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Purpose – The cotton industry has seen many technological advances throughout history that have greatly decreased the number of labor hours required to produce a bale of cotton. The latest advancement is a harvesting system that replaces the harvester, boll buggy, and module builder with a single machine. This is an asset replacement decision where there are multiple assets being replaced but the old technology (the defender assets) may all have different remaining lives and optimal lifespans. The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal time to replace the multiple defender assets with a single challenger asset (the improved technology). The goal is to determine if the ages of the boll buggy and the module builder affect the replacement age of the conventional picker. Design/methodology/approach – The paper extends the Perrin model to allow for multiple defender assets. Findings – The paper finds that the supporting assets do sometimes affect the decision to replace a conventional cotton picker. If the supporting assets are newer, then the replacement decision may be delayed and if the supporting assets are older then the replacement decision may be accelerated. Field efficiency can affect the decision as well. Originality/value – While the Perrin model has been used extensively, the authors believe the application to a multiple asset defender is unique. Although this type of replacement decision is not common, there could be other applications as new technology is introduced on the farm.
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Yessengaliyeva, S. M., A. I. Gizzatova, and B. K. Rakhimgaliyev. "Scientific foundations of digitalization of agro-industrial production." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-2.2708-9991.06.
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The relevance of this topic of the article is associated with the need to automate and digitalize the branches of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ensuring the country's food security and improving the well-being of the rural population. The main problems of the development of animal husbandry in the republic are considered. The structure of its production by farm categories has been analyzed. It has been determined that about 55% of the industry's products are provided by the households, which contain 55.3% of the cattle population. The purpose of the study is to justify the need to increase the volume of beef cattle breeding through the use of innovative technologies and digitalization of livestock farms, as well as the development and scientific confirmation of rational options and technical solutions for low-cost, environmentally friendly meat production technologies. The work uses the methods of economic and statistical analysis, which consists in summarizing statistical data, illustrative presentation of factual information, etc. Results – the authors state that meeting the existing high demand for Kazakhstani meat products in domestic and foreign markets currently requires a transfer and adaptation of highly efficient technologies based on automation and digitalization of production processes in livestock farming, taking into account the objective conditions in the regions of the country. The data on technology of organizing winter and cultivated pastures in cattle breeding, pasture rotation, seasonal rotations, preparation of scientifically grounded feeding rations, the choice of machines and equipment for the automation of technological processes are presented. An economic assessment of the effectiveness of creating model farms by levels of digitalization was carried out: basic, advanced, digital; indicators of labor productivity, payback period are calculated. The conclusions indicate the need to increase government support for the meat industry.