Journal articles: 'Farm Transportation'

1

Kokoszka, Stanisław, and Zbigniew Daniel. "Farm size and volume of external transportation services at selected farm businesses." BIO Web of Conferences 10 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181002010.

Full text

Abstract:

The present survey and data analysis confirmed the impact of the farm size (based on the Utilized Agricultural Area) on the volume of external transportation services despite the overall improvement of owned means of transport. The main transport characteristic, i.e. shipment distance increases with the farm size. Hence, the largest farm businesses characterized by higher commercial outputs use external transportation services to a greater extent although they own better quality and higher number of farm vehicles. At the average freight volume transported by external services of 4.37 tons per hectare of the Utilized Agricultural Area, the share of contracted transportation services in the total freight transport increases from 13.95 % in the smallest farms to 28.42 % in the largest farm businesses. This analysis was confirmed by the correlation analysis between the farm size and volume of external transportation services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

KURGANOV, Valery, Mikhail GRYAZNOV, Egor TIMOFEEV, and Liliya POLYAKOVA. "KEY FACTORS FOR REDUCING LIVE POULTRY LOSSES DURING TRANSPORTATION." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 113 (December 1, 2021): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.113.9.

Full text

Abstract:

The results of this study on the loss of live poultry at various stages of delivery from the farm to the processing plant by road are given. A factor analysis of the reasons for the loss of livestock delivered from the farm to the processing plant was carried out. The dependencies of livestock losses on loading delays and the duration of the movement of the loaded poultry farm to the processing plant were established. Methodological recommendations for rationing the number of injuries observed during delivery were developed. The study of losses of live birds during delivery to the processing plant from the density of stocking in shipping boxes was carried out; the economic and mathematical model for optimizing the landing of live birds in shipping boxes was proposed. The calculation of the economic impact of the implementation of the results of the study is given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ragland, John D., and Alan L. Berman. "Farm Crisis and Suicide: Dying on the Vine?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 22, no. 3 (May 1991): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dyju-jx3x-6b76-64e7.

Full text

Abstract:

The relationship between the farm economic crisis and farmer suicide rates was examined using data from fifteen states in the United States from 1980 to 1985. Suicide frequencies for farmers and two control occupations (forestry and transportation workers) were obtained, and the 1980 U.S. Census occupational population data were used to convert these frequencies into suicide rates. Suicide rates for farmers were found to be greater than rates for transportation workers (truck drivers), but no different from rates for forestry workers. A significant positive correlation between the “declining farm economy” and “increasing state suicide rates” was also found.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kukharenko, N. S., A. O. Fyodorova, and M. Yu Shchelkanov. "TRANSPORTATION STRESS IN FARM ANIMALS AND ITS CORRECTION BY PROBIOTIC TREATMENT." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-87-98.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to summarise the results of perennial (2008‐2018) research on the effectiveness of the Intestevit TM drug presenting a mixture of probiotics and nutritional supplements for correcting transportation stress in ruminants.Methods. The condition of rumi‐ nant animals being imported into farms in the Amur Oblast were investigated. The condition of animals prior to and following transportation was assessed using 204 indicators. The statistical significance in mean values was estimated using Studentʹs t‐test: a difference with the probability of the alternative hypothesis p <0.05 was considered to be reliable.Results. Under the influence of long‐term transportation, animals experience significant stress, which leads to various psycho‐emotional disorders becoming more pronounced over time. Such animals demonstrate a noticeable loss of weight, decreased muscle strength and reduced resistance to diseases. Consequently, livestock enterprises bear financial loses from the lack of calves, dairy and meat products.Conclusion. The use of probiotics, such as Intestevit TM, can significantly reduce the adverse effects of transportation stress and improve the physiological state of animals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Akay, A. E., and B. Yılmaz. "USING GIS AND AHP FOR PLANNING PRIMER TRANSPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-19-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Primer transportation is one of the most costly and time consuming forestry activities in extraction of timber from forest lands. Transportation methods are essentially determined based on terrain characteristics, especially ground slope. Besides, unsuitable machine selection and unplanned operations may cause ecological damages such as soil disturbance. Soil damage can lead to long term impacts on forest ecosystem. Thus, the optimum transportation methods should be determined by considering not only economic factors but also topographical factors and soil conditions. In recent decades, some of the advanced features of Geographical Information System (GIS) assist decision makers to solve such complex transportation problems with various constraints. In this study, it was aimed to plan forest transportation operation by using GIS integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, considering ground slope, soil type, and available transportation equipment in the region. This method was implemented within the border of İnegöl Forest Enterprise Chief in the city of Bursa in Turkey. Alternative transportation method included cable system, chute system, skidder, and farm tractor. GIS-based method integrated with AHP found that skidder was the optimal transportation method for about 60% of the study area, while farm tractor was the second most suitable method with 25% ground cover. The results indicated that GIS-based decision support systems can be effectively used as rational, quick, and economic tool for forest transportation planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Pagliasso, Giulia, Martina Moriconi, Francesca Fusi, Nicoletta Vitale, Mario Vevey, Alessandro Dondo, Elisabetta Razzuoli, and Stefania Bergagna. "Evaluation of the Immune Response to Transport Stress in the Aosta Valley Breed." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050351.

Full text

Abstract:

Transportation is a recurring event in a farm animal’s life, and it is considered one of the main stressors with possible negative repercussions for both the health and welfare of farm animals. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of transportation on some blood variables of 45 young bulls moved from their original farms to a livestock collection centre. Transportation took no more than 8 h and was carried out between January and March 2021. Blood samples were taken before transportation (T0), upon arrival at the collection centre (T1), and 7 days after arrival (T2). Samples were processed for blood cell count, clinical chemistry analyses, serum protein electrophoresis, and the evaluation of innate immunity parameters. The results showed a typical stress leukogram with neutrophilia and changes in the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. No significant alterations were observed in either serum proteins or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significant, albeit transient, alterations were observed in some clinical chemistry parameters after transportation, which could be accounted for by stressful conditions such as the transportation itself and handling and mixing with other animals. Our results indicated that the adopted transportation conditions only slightly affected the blood variables under study with no significant impact on animal welfare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

AMALIA, EKA LARASATI, Agung Nugroho Pramudhita, and M. Ridlwan Aditya. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Lokasi Pembangunan Peternakan Ayam Menggunakan Metode MOORA." Antivirus : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Informatika 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/antivirus.v13i1.715.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to help beginner farmers to determine the location of the chicken farm construction using the MOORA method. The location factor for determining chicken farms is one of the important factors, because if the farm location is close to the highway, then the chicken will be exposed to transportation noise and easily stressed, but vice versa if the chicken farm is close to the cutting or sales location such as the market, the transportation costs will be relatively cheaper. The MOORA method has simple and stable mathematical calculations. MOORA method has the right mathematical calculation results in making a decision. The MOORA method has advantages over other methods, which are simpler and easier to implement. The level of selection in the MOORA method which is quite good can decide on an alternative solution in a problem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Borychev, S. N., I. A. Uspensky, I. A Yukhin, A. A. Golikov, and D. I. Kosorukov. "Intra-farm transportation of easily damaged agro food products for sustainable development of agricultures." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 965, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/965/1/012048.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The article presents some aspects of the issue of damage to easily damaged agricultural products during intrafarm transportation, as well as the results of a patent and license review of the scientific and technical groundwork of the authors of the article in this research area. Based on the results new scientifically grounded technical solutions of devices for increasing the safety of agricultural products during transportation are proposed, in particular containers, to reduce the damage of products during their transportation by increasing the area of contact between fruits and the container, as well as reducing the space for free movement of products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Reza, MS, MH Osman, SR Islam, MN Uddin, MN Haider, and MNA Khan. "Microbiological analysis strategies for detecting pathogens and assessing biosecurity practices in outdoor earthen shrimp farms." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 13, no. 2 (2024): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2024.13.00398.

Full text

Abstract:

The need for rapid and reliable on-farm bacteriological test methods to detect pathogens and assess the success of biosecurity practices in fish and shrimp farms has been increasing. This study compared on-farm and in-laboratory (after refrigerated transportation) analyses for black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) cultured in two outdoor earthen ponds in low-resource settings on the southeastern coast of Bangladesh, using basic bacteriological facilities. Water quality parameters, including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and salinity were determined at monthly intervals during summer (April to June). Water temperature in two farms ranged from 26.3°C to 29.3°C (27.7±1.6°C in Farm-1 and 27.4±0.9°C in Farm 2), within suitable limits for shrimp culture. DO levels varied from 5.1±0.2 to 5.4±0.5 mg/l, pH from 7.1±0.2 to 7.1±0.6, and salinity from 14.7±1.2 to 15.7±0.6 ppt, all within optimal ranges for shrimp farming. Bacterial loads showed slight variations between sampling periods. On-farm analyses consistently showed lower bacterial loads in shrimp samples compared to in-laboratory analyses with bacterial counts increasing over transportation time. Water temperature significantly influenced bacterial load as reflected by different sampling periods. The total bacterial load in farm water, sediment and shrimp samples showed notable differences between on-farm and in-laboratory analyses, reflecting the impact of environmental conditions, handling practices and time delays. It is concluded that on-farm microbiological analysis strategy is an effective method for detecting pathogens and assessing biosecurity practices in shrimp farms cultured in outdoor earthen ponds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

RAHMAN J, RIYAZULLA. "FARM TO FORK." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 01 (January 11, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28019.

Full text

Abstract:

The Farm to Fork (F2F) concept represents a comprehensive and sustainable approach to the entire food supply chain, emphasizing the seamless integration of agricultural practices, food production, distribution, and consumption. This abstract provides an overview of the key principles and benefits associated with the Farm to Fork initiative. The Farm to Fork model begins at the agricultural stage, promoting environmentally friendly and resource-efficient farming practices. It encourages the use of sustainable farming methods, such as organic farming, agroecology, and precision agriculture, to minimize the environmental impact of food production. By focusing on reducing chemical inputs, optimizing water usage, and promoting biodiversity, F2F aims to create resilient and ecologically balanced farming systems. Moving along the supply chain, Farm to Fork places a strong emphasis on shortening the distance between producers and consumers. Localized and regional food systems are encouraged to reduce transportation- related carbon emissions, support local economies, and provide consumers with fresher, more nutritious produce. The integration of technology, such as blockchain and traceability systems, ensures transparency and accountability in the food supply chain. The Farm to Fork initiative also addresses food waste by promoting responsible consumption and production. Efforts are made to minimize post-harvest losses, optimize food processing, and educate consumers on mindful food choices. By reducing waste at every stage, F2F contributes to the overall sustainability of the food system and alleviates pressure on landfills.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Sumaryanto, S. H. Susilowati, Saptana, Ashari, E. Suryani, and M. Suryadi. "The effects of rural development on main sources of farm households." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012089.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In line with the development of the rural villages, rural employment changes. Consequently, the job opportunities of some farmers will also change. This study aims to estimate the effect of rural development and some other factors on the primary source of household income of farmers in several agroecosystems. The data analyzed were the 2013 Agricultural Census, Village Potential and “PATANAS” data. The results showed that farmers’ opportunity of leaving agriculture as the main source of household income increased if cultivated land was smaller and the inequality of landholding in the village increased. In the set of variables that determine rural development, improvements in the dimensions of basic services and basic infrastructure of non-accessibility/transportation positively affect the opportunities of farmers’ households to make non-agricultural work as their source of income. Improvements in the accessibility/transportation dimension, on the other hand, strengthen the ability of farm households to rely on agriculture as a source of household income. Based on the research results, increasing the agricultural sector as a significant contributor to farmer household income can be achieved by increasing accessibility/transportation facilities and improving the distribution of cultivated land.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sonawane, Mr Milind Devidas. "Design Analysis of Dehydration Trays for Farm Products." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 3531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54345.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Dehydration of fruits and vegetables is one of the oldest types of preservation techniques well known to man and consists mainly of sun drying or artificial drying of fruits and vegetables. Although food preservation is the primary reason for dehydration, dehydration of fruits and vegetables also reduces the cost of packaging, storage and transportation by reducing the burden and volume of the final product.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lengkey, H. A. W., J. A. Siwi, P. Edianingsih, and F. J. Nangoy. "The effect of transportation on broiler meat pH and tenderness." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 2 (2013): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1302331l.

Full text

Abstract:

180 broilers, five weeks old broilers were used to asses the effect of transportation on broiler meat pH and tenderness, has been carried in Bandung, Indonesia. Using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with five levels (P-0 slaughter at the farm, P-1 one hour transportation before slaughter, P-2 two hours transportation before slaughter, P-3 three hours transportation before slaughter, and P-4 four hours transportation before slaughter) and four times replications. Results indicated the meat pH are between 6.33 - 6.63. Even the result shows that the pH values increase when the transportation time more longer, but this results are between the normal meat pH (between 5.2 - 6.6). The meat tenderness were between 124.75 - 176.50 mm/g/10 sec. The meat tenderness was decreased when the transportation was prolonged.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

ZAINULLIN, R. M., A. I. RUD, D. S. YURCHENKO, and A. D. ZAMYATIN. "TECHNOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION, DEFROSTING AND USE OF FROZEN BOAR SEMEN." PIG-BREEDING, no. 4 (2024): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2024-4-14-16.

Full text

Abstract:

Different variants of transportation and storage of frozen boar seed are described, the technology of its thawing and use in conditions of pig farm Ufa Selection and Hybrid Center LLC TAVROS GC is described. The target indicators of insemination efficiency when using frozen semen are given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

LARSEN, S. T., J. D. McKEAN, H. S. HURD, M. H. ROSTAGNO, R. W. GRIFFITH, and I. V. WESLEY. "Impact of Commercial Preharvest Transportation and Holding on the Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Cull Sows†." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 1134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.7.1134.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in cull sows at various stages from the farm to the abattoir. Cull sows (n = 181) were sampled over 10 weeks. Fecal samples (10 g each) were collected on the farm ca. 24 h before loading and at the live-hog market ca. 3 h before loading. Samples (ileocecal lymph nodes, cecal contents, feces from the transverse colon, ventral thoracic lymph nodes, subiliac lymph nodes, sponge swabs of the left and right carcass sections, and chopped meat) were collected at the abattoir. The percentages of positive fecal samples on the farm and at the live-hog market were 3% (5 of 181 samples) and 2% (3 of 181 samples), respectively. After transport from the live-hog market (10 h) and holding at the abattoir (6 h), 41% (74 of 180) of cull sows yielded S. enterica in one or more sampled tissues. The isolation rate for total cecal contents (33%; 60 of 180 samples) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those for ileocecal lymph nodes (7%; 12 of 181 samples), feces (11%; 20 of 181 samples), and ventral thoracic and subiliac lymph nodes (2%; 4 of 181 samples). Before a 2% lactic acid carcass wash (lasting 8 to 9 s), 14% (25 of 180) of carcasses were positive, compared with 7% (12 of 179) after the wash (P < 0.05). Two S. enterica serotypes, Derby and Infantis, were found on the farm and at the live-hog market. At the abattoir, 12 serotypes that had not previously been found on the farm or at the live-hog market were recovered. The results of this study demonstrate that transport and holding practices may contribute to an increase in S. enterica infection prior to slaughter to levels much higher than those found on the farm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Vikash, Vikash, Satyveer Singh Meena, Amita Sharma, Susheel Kumar, R. K. Verma, and V. S. Acharya. "Quantitative Assessment of Post-Harvest Losses of Guava (Psidium guajava) in Rajasthan." Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, no. 3 (January 5, 2024): 1030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.3.31.

Full text

Abstract:

The present research was done for the quantitative assessment of post-harvest losses in guava. Factors responsible for the post-harvest losses in guava were identified and evaluated. The study was performed in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan because the district has the highest guava production (27452 MT) among other districts of Rajasthan. The research was performed during the year of 2022. The data was taken from 40 farmers through judgmental sampling. Modified average formula was employed to quantify the post-harvest losses in guava by taking consideration of all types of losses at 5 level (collection, sorting, grading, packaging and transportation). Friedman’s test was employed to test the difference between factors responsible for the post-harvest losses in guava. The overall post-harvest losses in guava at farm level was 14.05 per cent at district level which was comparatively higher than NABCONS 2022 study on post-harvest losses. The post-harvest losses during collection & transportation to storage house (1.91%), sorting (7.50%), grading (1.73%), packaging (1.32%) and transportation (1.59%) operations at farm level majorly contributed to the post-harvest losses in guava. The highest loss (7.50%) was found during sorting operation among other operation at farm level. Friedman’s test results reflected that inappropriate sorting & grading, heavy rainfall, insect infestation, disease infection and market infrastructure were the major contributing factors for the post-harvest losses in guava.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Zhang, R. G., B. J. Wang, J. B. Wang, H. Lei, and S. C. Xia. "Wind turbine blade failure case analysis and control measures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2047, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2047/1/012014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this paper, combined with the wind farm blade failure cases, the blade failure reasons are analyzed from the aspects of blade design, material performance, manufacturing quality, transportation and hoisting, online monitoring, wind farm operation, and maintenance. In order to prevent blade operation failure, measures and suggestions based on blade selection, supplier selection, operation and maintenance management are proposed, which provide methods for blade design, manufacturing, and production maintenance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Milne, Kirsten I., and Wynand JvdM Steyn. "Optimising the transportation of avocados from farm to packhouse using Bayesian networks." International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation 8, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpti.2021.10038987.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Milne, Kirsten I., and Wynand Jvdm Steyn. "Optimising the transportation of avocados from farm to packhouse using Bayesian networks." International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation 8, no. 1 (2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpti.2021.116080.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ningi, Nasiru Barau, Tata Duala, and Mukhtar Shehu Abdullahi. "Analysis of Intermediate Means of Transportation (IMT) in Burra District of Ningi Local Government, Bauchi State." IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, no. 5 (October 13, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no5.2023.pg1.15.

Full text

Abstract:

The study area consist of seven wards which were categorised according to their accessibility to road before selection of a representation from each category. The IMT owned, showed that Burra (good access) has the highest number of motorcycle, horse and wheelbarrow followed by Kafin Lemo (moderately access) then Kurmi (poor access) with the least. IMT used for trip to farm was found that in Burra, majority used motorcycle followed by bicycle, then Animal drawn. Most of the activities done with IMT by rural dwellers for trip to farm in dry season is to convey manure from home to farm and collection of animal feeds from farm to home, while in rainy season IMT is used to transport harvested produce from farm to market or home. The used of IMT as the means of transport in the area act as an avenue for employment as well as source of income to individuals. The result of the formulated Hypothesis showed a statistically significant relationship between the types of IMT used and the road access, that is motorcycle at Burra; p = 0.014, bicycle p = 0.031 and animal drawn p = 0.005. At Kafin Lemo; motorcycle p = 0.012, bicycle p = 0.037 and animal drawn p = 0.009, and at Kurmi; motorcycle p = 0.010, bicycle p = 0.042 and animal drawn p = 0.014. This relationship implies that motorcycles were frequently used in good access and moderate roads than poor access; while bicycles and animal drawn were used frequently in poor access than good and moderate roads. However, there is no statistically significant relationship at Burra on; Horse p = 0.0580, Donkey p = 0.615, Camel p = 0.675 and Wheelbarrow p = 0.568. At Kafin Lemo Horse p = 0.0582, Donkey p = 0.614, Camel p = 0.677 and Wheelbarrow p =

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Gao, Tianming, Vasilii Erokhin, and Aleksandr Arskiy. "Dynamic Optimization of Fuel and Logistics Costs as a Tool in Pursuing Economic Sustainability of a Farm." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 2, 2019): 5463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195463.

Full text

Abstract:

Improving the performance and economic sustainability of agricultural producers requires the integration of many dimensions, one of which is logistics. Establishing efficient and cost-effective transportation is a key element of establishing sustainable linkages along food supply chains between farmers, storage and transport companies, and consumers. In this regard, infrastructural constraints to sustainability in agricultural production exacerbate transportation costs and risks, and thus result in lower performance of agricultural producers. As fuel consumption is, first, the most significant cost in agricultural logistics and, second, particularly sensitive to disruptions of transport, loading, and storage infrastructure, management of fuel costs is crucial to assure profit margin of an agricultural enterprise. By transforming the standard economic order quantity (EOQ) model, the authors attempt to build an approach to the optimization of fuel costs. The analysis made in the cases of twelve large crop farms in three territories of Southern Russia allowed the consideration of: (1) fragmentation in storage infrastructure; (2) variations in fuel consumption depending on the vehicle load ratio; (3) the use of their own fleet of vehicles against the outsourcing of transport operations. The authors find that the tactics of optimization of fuel costs vary depending on the location of a farm in relation to grain storage facilities. Particularly, the farms located in areas of high concentration of storage facilities benefit from using their own fleet of vehicles, while those experiencing longer distances of transportation should outsource the performance of logistics operations to third parties. To overcome a site-specific nature, the transformed EOQ model should accommodate country-specific requirements, specifically, the level of fragmentation of transport and storage infrastructure, average distance of transportation from a farm to receival site, and average fuel consumption rates depending on the types of trucks commonly used by farmers. The key recommendation is that sustainability-aimed management of logistics costs should consider combining the operation of trucks by a farm with the outsourcing of transportation operations to address the fragmentation of transport and storage infrastructure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Aggestam, Vivianne, and Jon Buick. "A comparative analysis of vehicle-related greenhouse gas emissions between organic and conventional dairy production." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 3 (August 2017): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000322.

Full text

Abstract:

Agricultural industrialisation and globalisation have steadily increased the transportation of food across the world. In efforts to promote sustainability and self-sufficiency, organic milk producers in Sweden are required to produce a higher level of cattle feed on-farm in the hope that increased self-sufficiency will reduce reliance on external inputs and reduce transport-related greenhouse gas emissions. Using data collected from 20 conventional and 20 organic milk producers in Sweden this paper aims to assess the global warming impact of farmyard vehicles and the transportation of feed produced ‘off-farm’ in order to compare the impact of vehicle-related emissions from the different production methods. The findings show organic and conventional production methods have different vehicle-related emission outputs that vary according to a reliance on either road transportation or increased farmyard machinery use. Mechanical weeding is more fuel demanding than conventional agrichemical sprayers. However, artificial fertilising is one of the highest farmyard vehicle-related emitters. The general findings show organic milk production emits higher levels of farm vehicle-related emissions that fail to be offset by reduced emissions occurring from international transport emissions. This paper does not propose to cover a comprehensive supply chain carbon footprint for milk production or attempt to determine which method of production has the largest climatic impact. However, it does demonstrate that Sweden's legal requirements for organic producers to produce more feed on-farm to reduce transport emissions have brought emissions back within Sweden's greenhouse gas inventory and raises questions around the effectiveness of policies to reduce vehicle-related emissions. Further research is needed into the effectiveness of climate change mitigation on food production policies, in particular looking at various trade-offs that affects the entire food supply chain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lyashenko, Anton N. "Selection of the oil terminal tank farm scheme by a set of criteria." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 084–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2018041084-093.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: It is known that to simplify the process of transshipment of goods at the junction of different modes of transport, aimed at reducing the cost of transportation of liquid fuel, terminals are used, representing the capacity of different volumes (as cargo in this article means liquid fuel). The size of the designed terminal depends on many factors, but first of all on the mass of fuel to be stored due to inconsistency in the interaction of modes of transport with each other. In addition to this fundamental factor in the construction are considered and others, which in some cases may be important when choosing a terminal scheme. Such factors include, for example, construction costs, future maintenance costs, payback periods of the new terminal, etc. Problem statement: The development of the new terminal scheme is connected with the solution of a multicriteria problem with an objective choice of the best solution possible. This article shows such a solution using the developed algorithm [3]. Summary: When considering fuel transportation with the participation of terminals, the objective method makes it possible not only to determine the best ways of transportation, but also to find the best schemes of their tank farms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wynand Jacobus van der Merwe, Steyn. "A novel method for the quantification of interfacial tomato stresses during transportation." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 3 (September 29, 2017): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/64/2015-rae.

Full text

Abstract:

Transportation of tomatoes on farm and market roads causes interfacial stresses of tomatoes due to truck dynamics as affected by road and transportation conditions. These stresses may affect the shelf-life of tomatoes if they are high enough to cause damage to the fruit. This paper describes a novel method for the in situ measurement of the stresses during actual transportation of tomatoes, providing the producer information that can assist in taking decisions regarding the use of alternative routes, maintenance of existing routes or changes in packing to prevent excessive stresses onto tomatoes. The process involves measurement of the stresses using a stress-sensor that is recording the interfacial stresses continuously during transportation. These stresses can be correlated to road conditions (quantified through standard road-roughness statistics) and used to subject tomatoes in laboratory conditions to similar stresses to study shelf-life effects of transportation stresses. The paper focuses on the measurement process and first-order data analysis, and excludes a detailed study on the physiological effects of the measured stresses on tomatoes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Krungkaew, Samatcha, Benedikt Hülsemann, Kanokwan Kingphadung, Busarakorn Mahayothee, Hans Oechsner, and Joachim Müller. "New Sustainable Banana Value Chain: Waste Valuation toward a Circular Bioeconomy." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 3453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083453.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the needs of sustainability, a new sustainable banana chip value chain, which is a combination of the traditional banana chip value chain and the banana waste value chain, was designed. Scenarios were created assuming that an anaerobic digester would be implemented to produce biogas—which can act as a substitute for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used in banana processing—from banana wastes. The values of banana residues throughout the value chain were determined depending on farm gate tree price, transportation cost, and the final value of LPG substitution. The value chain was optimized using two objective functions: total chain profit maximization and factory profit maximization. The tree price at the farm gate was determined and assumed to be between USD 0.067 and USD 0.093 per tree, and the transportation cost of tree transportation was assumed to be between USD 0.31 and USD 0.39 per km. Different tree prices and transportation costs affected the profits of all stakeholders throughout the chain. The scenarios that maximized total chain profits showed superior environmental performance compared to the scenarios that maximized factory profits. The proposed sustainable value chain will lead to an increase in farmers’ profits of 15.5–17.0%, while the profits gained by collectors and factory will increase between 3.5 and 8.9% when compared to business as usual.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bel'c, Aleksey, and Viktoriya Ivanova. "PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT BY EXAMPLE OF “NORTHERN FARM-STEAD – NEW-LANDS COMMUNITY” OF TSELINSKY AREA, ROSTOV REGION." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-2-38-43.

Full text

Abstract:

The work purpose consists in the analysis of the situation in passenger transportation of countryside and bus distribution on routes. The route investigation was carried out at different daytime by means of passenger number calculation and data recordings in the prepared tables during a day, a week, a month and also during the year, that is, using a calculating-table method. The analysis of bus operation on a route allowed drawing conclusions that this route may be favorable for investors and economically profitable. Besides, it is socially necessary for low-income population groups having no their transport vehicles. The investigation novelty consists in the adaptation of a calculating-table method to rural routes. Conclusions: modern automobile passenger transportation company is impossible without efficient passenger transportation management; one of the main components in passenger transportation management is passenger service improvement, which can be achieved only by empiric investigations of passenger flows on the routes; at the proper selection of vehicles the analyzed car route can be commercially profitable and long-term that is ensured by a quantitative analysis of vehicles and specification of bus schedule taking into account the need of population in travels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Jean, Marie-Josée. "Road Runners, March 7 to May 30, 2009." Transfers 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2011.010107.

Full text

Abstract:

This exhibition brought together works and documents by over fifteen Canadian and international artists who have focused on the same subject: the road. Presenting works from the 1920s to the present day, the exhibition included works by Ant Farm, Robert Barry, Michel de Broin, Chris Burden, Hans-Peter Feldmann, Peter Gnass, Rodney Graham, Abbas Kiarostami, Margaret Lawther, John Massey, Simon Morris, Ian Baxter, Edward Ruscha, Jon Sasaki, Roman Signer, Stephen Shore, Kerry Tribe, Bill Vazan, Jeff Wall, and Ian Wallace

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Munawar, Mahwish, Xu Shiwei, Yu Wen, and Muhammad Luqman. "Investigating Relationship of Food Security with Market Approachability with respect to Household Food Insecurity Access Index." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 3 (December 8, 2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei3032101.

Full text

Abstract:

Globally rural households with less landholding, especially from developing countries, are more food insecure due to a lack of resources accessibility and fewer marketplaces. This study was planned to inspect the relationship between household food security and market approachability concerning Household Food Insecurity Access Index (HFIAS). For data collection, 200 farming households from five districts (Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Rawalpindi, Rahim Yar Khan and Mianwali) from five agro-ecological zones of Punjab were selected as respondents. So, the results can be comprehensive and widespread at the provincial level. Interviews with household heads were conducted with the help of a well-structured and pre-tested interview questionnaire. Food security was calculated with the help of the household food insecurity access score, which calculates food intake for one month and indicates the level of food security based on food consumption during the last thirty days. According to research findings of 46 percent are severely food insecure, and the main reason behind so much food insecurity is rising food prices, increasing fuel prices, transportation costs, lack of agricultural input, and very few marketplaces. Binary logistic regression shows that landholding, earning hands in family, and the distance of farm from the market have a significant effect on the food security status of the family. As the distance of farm from market place increases labour costs, transportation costs, and fuel charges that affect household livelihood inversely. The results suggest that local food security can be enhanced by creating off-farm employment opportunities, improved transportation facilities, and road infrastructure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dai, Francesca, Emanuela Dalla Costa, Simona Cannas, Eugenio Ugo Luigi Heinzl, Michela Minero, and Silvia Michela Mazzola. "May Salivary Chromogranin A Act as a Physiological Index of Stress in Transported Donkeys? A Pilot Study." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10060972.

Full text

Abstract:

Road transport is known to be a stressful animal husbandry procedure as it induces the activation of two main physiological stress-related pathways: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and the sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis. This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether salivary chromogranin A (CgA) concentration, known as a biomarker of the sympathetic activity system during psychological stress, may represent a novel physiological index of transportation-induced stress in donkeys. Nineteen Romagnolo donkeys, raised in groups on paddocks, were subject to two transportations, following the farm’s routine procedures, for a mean duration of 64 min each on two consecutive days. Salivary samples were gently collected 15 min before and 15 min after each transportation. Salivary CgA was measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results showed that CgA salivary levels significantly decreased after both transportations. The physiological mechanisms underlying this result may be related to catestatin activity, a bioactive product of the proteolytic cleavage of CgA, that acts as an inhibitor of catecholamine release. This hypothesis requires further investigation, particularly considering the limited number of subjects involved in this preliminary study. The identification of a reliable and non-invasive stress-marker would represent a useful tool for improving farm animals’ welfare in transport conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

ŞANDA, Mehmet Nuri. "INSPECTİON OF ATATÜRK FARMS IN TARSUS AND SİLİFKE." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (February 24, 2021): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.237.

Full text

Abstract:

The subject of this study consisting of three section was the Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus and Şövalye and Tekir Atatürk Famrs in Silifke in Mersin city in 20. century. The first section of this study provided general information about the formation of Atatürk farms. The second section explained the formation of Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus and Şövalye and Tekir Atatürk Farms in Silifke and transferring the Orman Farm in Ankara, Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus, Karabasamak Farm and Orange Garden in Dörtyol, Şövale and Tekir farms in Silifke and Baltacı and Millet farms in Yalova to treasure in 1937 under the will of Mustafa Kemal. The third section explained the transfer of farms in Tarsus and Silifke to State Agricultural Business Institution in 1938 and the audit conducted by this institution to Piloğlu and Tekir farms in 1945-1946. During this audit, inspectors prepared reports related to the cropped area in the farm, agricultural tools, transportation vehicles, forestation work and the states of the buildings and field. These report included problems in the farms and recommendations to solve these problems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Krasnikova, Irina, and Irina Kulibaba. "Farm waste collection organizing based on information system." E3S Web of Conferences 462 (2023): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346201035.

Full text

Abstract:

The article defines the relevance of the problem of utilisation of waste generated in the course of farms' activities, regardless of their size and type of activity. The possibility of using software tools to organise the processes of collection, storage, sorting, and transportation for the subsequent disposal of such waste is established. The use of methods of structural analysis, synthesis, statistical analysis, information modelling allowed to establish all key objects and processes with their characteristics for the design and development of an information system capable of digitalising the listed processes. As a result of using the methods of object-orientated programming, the corresponding system was developed, and fragments of the user interface with the description of functionalities for each category of users were presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mitchell, M. A., P. J. Kettlewell, and M. H. Maxwell. "Indicators of Physiological Stress in Broiler Chickens During Road Transportation." Animal Welfare 1, no. 2 (May 1992): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600014846.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDifferential leucocyte counts and plasma activities of the muscle enzyme, creatine kinase, have been determined in blood samples obtained from broiler chickens, immediately prior to and following road transportation from farm to processing plant for slaughter. These parameters are proposed as indicators of physiological stress based on previous findings.Heterophil:lymphocyte ratios and plasma creatine kinase activities increased and eosinophil counts were decreased during the journey in birds tranported in both July and October when the curtain sides of the vehicles were open or closed respectively.These findings are consistent with the presence of physiological stress during road transportation. The thermal microenvironments to which birds are exposed in transit are thought to represent one of the sources of this ‘transportation stress’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Turner, Aaron P., Michael P. Sama, L. Samuel G. McNeill, Joseph S. Dvorak, Tyler Mark, and Michael D. Montross. "A discrete event simulation model for analysis of farm scale grain transportation systems." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 167 (December 2019): 105040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.105040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bashir, Mohammed Bawuro, Augustine Anthony Ndaghu, Nakwe Stephen Haruna Gbana, Mark Tikwe Kyaru, and Rubang Tari Samuel. "Factors Influencing Adoption of Groundnut Production Technologies Among Women Farmers in Gassol Local Government Area, Taraba State." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.9s.

Full text

Abstract:

The various groundnut production technologies considered were pesticides, processing and packaging, tillage, storage, improved seeds, seed treatment, weeding, transportation, spacing and planting date, fertilizer application and harvesting. Constraints include inadequate fund (2.7), followed by high cost of farm inputs (2.6) and inadequate storage facilities (2.6) were found to alter the adoption of groundnut production technologies among women farmers. Government should help link women farmers with improved groundnut production technologies (improved seeds, farm tools and machine, pesticides, and storage facilities) in order to attain a peak groundnut production in the state at large.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Haider, MN, M. Faridullah, MN Islam, and M. Kamal. "Survey on the Present Status of Infrastructure and Quality Management System in Golda Farms and Depots of Selected Area." Progressive Agriculture 19, no. 2 (November 11, 2013): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16959.

Full text

Abstract:

Post harvest qualitative and quantitative changes have been studied in an important crustacean species prawn, Golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of Bangladesh at various stages of handling Golda have been studied. Detailed information on post-harvest handling, storage, transportation, and distribution of prawn using pre-tested questionnaires was collected from some selected farms and depots of four Golda producing districts viz. Khulna, Bagerhat, Jessore and Norail area. The information on various aspects was collected through interview with cross section of people engaged in farms and depots. The aspects of information collected on Golda farms were: farm conditions, infrastructure, harvesting, farm production, post-harvest care, transportation and quality measures. Information collected on various aspects of depots was: infrastructure facilities, condition of shrimp during receiving, handling, transportation, washing and owners opinion about the quality of prawn from previous year experiences. The post-harvest losses of Golda is due to soft shell, improper washing or washing with unclean water, longer duration of harvesting, exposure of shrimp at high ambient temperature for a long time (delayed icing), contamination, piled up on a dirty floor, general lack of hygiene and dipping in water to weight gain was about 1-4% of the total harvested quantity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16959 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 177 - 186, 2008

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sani, Mohamadou, Josephine B. Ayoola, Joseph C. Umeh, Benjamin C. Asogwa, Gbolagade B. Ayoola, Godwin A. Abu, and Rabiu M. Sani. "Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers under Public and Private Land Administration in Dadinkowa Irrigation Scheme Area of Gombe and Borno States, Nigeria." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.1.523.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyzed the technical efficiency of rice farmers in Dadinkowa Irrigation Scheme (DKIS) area of Gombe and Borno States, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 rice farmers under irrigation farming, who provided data by means of structured interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Specifically, descriptive statistics was used to describe socio-economic characteristics of respondents, Stochastic frontier model was used to estimate the technical efficiency of rice farmers. The stochastic production function showed that the determinants of rice irrigation farming in the study area were: farm size (0.25), labor (0.36), education (-0.49), transportation (0.0011) and rental cost (0.0095) were significant at 5, 1, 10, 1 and 5% level of probability respectively for farmers in DKIS. In Integrated Savanna Vegetables and Fruits Canning Factory (VEGFRU), farm size (0.45) and transportation cost (0.003) were found to be significant at 1 and 10% level of probability respectively. In National Institute of Horticultural Research and Training (NIHORT) and College of Horticulture (NIHORT and CoH), household size (-0.025) and non-farm income (3.3) were both significant at 5% level of probability. Lastly, quantity of seed (0.16), quantity of fertilizer (0.38), education (-0.04), household size (-0.014) and transportation cost (0.0001), were found to be significant at 5, 1, 10, 5 and 1 % level of probability respectively in local land authority. The study also revealed that the mean technical efficiencies were 0.88, 0.94, 0.86 and 0.65 for DKIS, VEGFRU, NIHORT/CoH and local authority respectively. This means that farmers were technically efficient given the current level of technology. From the result, farmers under the land administration authorities of VEGFRU are more technically efficient than DKIS, followed by NIHORT /CoH), and lastly local authority. This may be explained by the important role played by DKIS office in terms of proximity and supports to rice farmers. The returns to scale were respectively 0.708, 0.421, 0.52 and 0.566 for DKIS, VEGFRU, NIHORT/CoH and Local authority. This showed that rice farmers operated at the rational stage of production (diminishing return). This implies that the technical efficiency of rice farmers under irrigation farming in the study area could be increased by 0.12, 0.6, 0.14 and 0.35 respectively through the use of available resources given the current level of technology and better extension services. And rice farmers can expand their production through additional use of inputs It was recommended that Government should accelerate the implementation of land consolidation in order to reduce the effect of land fragmentation and to improve the efficiency of rice farmers under irrigation farming, especially in DKIS and VEGFRU, whereby the farm size has significant effect on technical efficiency. In DKIS and Local authority, Government should strengthen formal education among the rice farmers, and facilitate the transportation system for moving farm output from farm to market at affordable cost in the study area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Stupak, Tadeusz, and Przemyslaw Wilczynski. "The Impact of the Offshore Wind Farm on Radar Navigation." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 16, no. 4 (2022): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.16.04.06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wicaksono, M. A., R. Afnan, and T. Suryati. "Oxidative Stress, Physiological Responses and Performance of Broilers Transported with Different Transportation Duration." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.8.3.137-143.

Full text

Abstract:

Transportation plays important factor in broiler industry. Whole transportation process from loading tounloading can cause stress to broilers. The duration of the trip can affect oxidative stress, physiologicaland performance of broiler. This study aim to evaluate the effects of different transportation durationson oxidative stress, physiological responses and performance of broilers. Transportation from farm toslaughterhouse using a truck with a capacity of 144 crates. There were two durations treatment in this study,180 and 240 mins. Variables measured in this study were oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde/MDA content and catalase enzyme activity), physiological responses (rectal temperature and heterophilelymphocytes (HL) ratio), and performance represented by weight loss percentage. Normality test wasdone before T Test. Data analyzed using T Test independent which compared data between before andafter transportation. T Test dependent which compared data between short and long duration. The resultshowed that duration of transportation significantly affects on decrease liver and thigh catalase enzymeactivity, decrease malondialdehyde value on liver, decrease HL ratio after transportation, differenceson rectal temperature and weightloss. Long transportation duration resulted the lowest liver and thighcatalase enzymes activity (0.097±0.023 and 0.088±0.014 U/mL). It can be concluded that the long durationtransportation catalase enzyme activity reduce MDA value and affected performance indicator

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Vaz, R. Z., H. R. Silva, C. P. Ghedini, J. D. Lucas, M. M. M. Dutra, F. N. Vaz, N. P. Reis, and J. Restle. "Effects of animal type, handling, and transportation conditions on beef cattle temperament pre-slaughter." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 75, no. 4 (July 2023): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12904.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of animal type, on-farm handling, and transport conditions on temperament of beef cattle pre-slaughter. The study evaluated 4,061 cattle batches, averaging 49 animals, with a total of 199,026 cattle. Temperament was evaluated through a behavioral assessment carried out based on the temperament shown by cattle when approached by humans. One of three different temperament scores were assigned to each batch: calm, anxious, or excitable. Excitable temperament was reported in animals subjected to long transport time and distance and high loading density. The degree of carcass fatness was higher in calm animals, followed by anxious animals, with the excited temperament animals having the lowest carcass fatness degree. Older animals showed more excitable temperament, while younger animals showed calmer temperament. The excitable temperament was more evident in horned animals in relation to polled animals. Animal temperament was more reactive in batches with older cattle, low carcass fatness degree, and with more than 20% horned animals. Good handling and loading facilities and procedures at the farm contributed to adequate cattle temperament expression prior to slaughter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zheng, Aijuan, Shumei Lin, Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado, Zhimin Chen, Wenhuan Chang, Huiyi Cai, and Guohua Liu. "Stress Associated with Simulated Transport, Changes Serum Biochemistry, Postmortem Muscle Metabolism, and Meat Quality of Broilers." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081442.

Full text

Abstract:

Many factors contribute to the stress of transporting broilers from the farm to the processing plant. Using a motion simulation machine, a total of 144 male broilers were employed to determine the effect of motion, vibration, and feed withdrawal during transportation on serum biochemical parameters, postmortem muscle metabolism, and meat quality of broilers. The results indicated that transportation did not affect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and glucose in the serum, glutathione peroxidase in the breast and thigh muscle, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the breast, and heat stress protein 70 mRNA expression level in the liver (p > 0.05). Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin concentration declined with 2 h transportation (p < 0.05) and recovered with 4 h transportation (p < 0.05). NOS concentration in the thigh increased with 2 h transportation (p < 0.05) and recovered with 4 h transportation (p < 0.05). Two-hour and 4 h transportation increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in both muscles. Malondialdehyde, lactic acid, and drip loss24 h in both thigh and breast muscles increased, and glycogen in both muscles decreased with increasing transportation times (p < 0.05). Two-hour transportation did not influence pH45 min and pH24 h in the breast and thigh muscle, but these indexes decreased with 4 h transportation. This experiment supports and extends previous work that identified transportation as a major risk in relation to bird welfare and meat quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Machado, Sivanilza Teixeira, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Pedro Luiz de Oliveira Costa Neto, Rodrigo Carlo Toloi, Rodrigo Couto Santos, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, and Arthur Carniato Sanches. "Impact of body truck’s microclimate on pig skin temperature during pre-slaughter logistics." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 13 (October 6, 2021): e115101321077. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21077.

Full text

Abstract:

Handling of pigs under hot weather conditions face a critical challenge in meeting thermal comfort and animal welfare standards. Moreover, climate variation affects production and pre-slaughter logistics. This study assesses the thermal comfort of pigs during pre-slaughter procedures under different weather conditions. The case study was conducted at two commercial pig farms in Southeastern Brazil. The bioclimatic index more accurately indicated the pigs' thermal comfort than the temperature-humidity index. The length of the transportation journey critically affected the pigs' thermal comfort, as shown by the rise in pigs' skin temperature (1.56 °C and 1.64 °C on pigs from Farm 2 and Farm 1, respectively). The pigs reached the critical upper limit of the thermoneutral zone under hot weather conditions. Adequate microclimate control during the pre-slaughter management procedures might improve pig welfare. To increase the animals' thermal comfort, both farms should reschedule their transportation to a cooler time of the day. Both farms should also improve their pre-slaughter management processes by training workers to comply with animal welfare requirements and reduce loss.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wade, Tara, Shellye Suttles, and Derek Farnsworth. "The Electronic Logging Device Mandate and Costs for Refrigerated Citrus." EDIS 2020, no. 6 (November 3, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1086-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Speedy truck transportation is required to get products like fresh produce from the farm to the grocery store before it spoils. The Electronic Logging Device (ELD) Mandate from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration could significantly affect trucking costs for agricultural producers. This 6-page publication written by Tara Wade, Shellye Suttles, and Derek Farnsworth and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Departmentuses truck shipment data to analyze transportation costs and identifies potential future effects of the ELD Mandate.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1086

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ogbaro, Eyitayo, Ganiyu Bakare, and Gloria Ladapo. "Analysis of Transaction Costs and Market Participation among Cassava Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria." Studies in Humanities and Education 3, no. 2 (January 2, 2023): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/she.v3i2.669.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examined the effects of transaction cost variables on market participation among cassava farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. This was with a view to providing insight into how transaction cost factors can be managed to ensure that cassava farmers in Osun State participate more in the market for the purpose of promoting cassava production and hence agricultural growth as well as reducing poverty among the rural community. Access to market information, non-farm work, road condition, credit availability, access to telecommunication facilities, personal transport, farm size, farming experience, price of cassava, market distance, transport cost, dependency ratio, as well as age were used as proxies for transaction costs. The study made use of primary data by administering copies of a well-structured questionnaire to 100 cassava farmers drawn from three local governments in the State. Data obtained were analysed descriptively using frequencies, tables, simple percentages as well as pie and bar charts. Data collected were also analysed by inferential statistical procedure using Logit regression model. Results of the logit regression showed that access to market information and farm size have significant positive effects on cassava farmers’ participation in the market (). Findings also revealed that cost of transportation and dependency ratio have weakly significant negative effects on the probability of cassava farmers participating in the market (). The study concluded that access to market information and farm size play significant positive roles in the participation of cassava farmers in the market. Thus, policies that are aimed at lowering transaction costs through the creation of an enabling environment in which farmers can easily access market information, cultivate more farmlands and incur low cost of transportation are recommended.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cockram, M. S., and M. A. Mitchell. "Rôle of research in the formulation of ‘rules’ to protect the welfare of farm animals during road transportation." BSAP Occasional Publication 23 (January 1999): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033243.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper explains how research can contribute to an understanding of the welfare issues associated with transportation and the value of basing legislation to protect the welfare of animals on scientific evidence.However, it also indicates the limitations of existing research methodology and identifies where research can make a clear contribution to the amendment of existing legislation. The research should accurately reflect commercial practice and should focus upon the provision of readily transferable technological improvements and relevant legislation that will optimize both welfare and productivity. Research into the effects of transport on the welfare of animals involves the investigation of a multicomponent process which can potentially affect the welfare of animals in many ways. The research should identify and quantify those components of transport environments and practices which constitute a major risk to the welfare of animals and determine the optimum conditions for transportation based upon matching the conditions and procedures to the animals’ biological requirements. A range of different measurements have been made to evaluate the responses of farm animals to transportation. Physiological and biochemical variables should be selected to reflect responses or disturbances in the major homeostatic systems influenced by transport environments and practices. The value of the different measurements is strengthened by an understanding of the action and functional significance of the responses. Animal welfare legislation should be based upon sound scientific evidence relating to the animals’ physiological and behavioural requirements and their interaction with their immediate environment. Nowhere is this more important than in animal transportation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

How, R. B., and E. P. REID. "DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MARKETING OF FARM PRODUCTS: CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 2, no. 1 (November 13, 2008): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1953.tb01255.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Broens, Els M., Elisabeth A. M. Graat, Peter J. Van Der Wolf, Arjen W. Van De Giessen, and Mart C. M. De Jong. "Transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs during transportation from farm to abattoir." Veterinary Journal 189, no. 3 (September 2011): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.08.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Carlsson, F., P. Frykblom, and C. J. Lagerkvist. "Consumer willingness to pay for farm animal welfare: mobile abattoirs versus transportation to slaughter." European Review of Agricultural Economics 34, no. 3 (August 30, 2007): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbm025.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Allen, Howard W., and Robert Slagter. "Congress in Crisis: Changes in Personnel and the Legislative Agenda in the U.S. Congress in the 1890s." Social Science History 16, no. 3 (1992): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016552.

Full text

Abstract:

The last decade of the nineteenth century was a time of great national crisis, surpassed in severity only by the depression of the 1930s. Unemployment in manufacturing and transportation rose to nearly 17% in 1894. More banks failed in the 1890s than in any other economic crisis in American history except the one that began in 1929, and over 159 railroads, capitalized at more than $2.5 billion, were forced into receivership. Farm prices plunged, and farm spokesmen bitterly complained about the disastrous effects of the long-term deflation of currency, discrimination by railroad monopolies, and high interest rates (Douglas 1930: 440; Fels 1959: 159–219; Hoffman 1956; Steeples 1965).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Guldberg, Mette. "Book Review: Farm, Factory and Fortune. New Studies in the Economic History of the Maritime Provinces." International Journal of Maritime History 6, no. 2 (December 1994): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149400600224.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

ROSTAGNO, MARCOS H., H. SCOTT HURD, and JAMES D. McKEAN. "Resting Pigs on Transport Trailers as an Intervention Strategy To Reduce Salmonella enterica Prevalence at Slaughter†." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.8.1720.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent research has shown that much preharvest Salmonella enterica infection in pigs occurs immediately before slaughter during this rest period in the contaminated abattoir holding pens. The objective of this study was to evaluate a potential intervention strategy to reduce the prevalence of S. enterica–positive pigs at slaughter, which consisted of resting pigs prior to slaughter on their transport vehicle, instead of in the abattoir holding pen. Additionally, the effect of transportation of pigs from farm to the abattoir on S. enterica prevalence was investigated. A total of 120 animals were included in the experiment, divided in four replicates (n = 30 pigs per replicate). Fecal samples were collected from each animal at the farm and at the abattoir, where 15 randomly chosen pigs were unloaded and moved to a holding pen, while the remaining 15 pigs stayed in the transport trailer. After approximately 1.5 h of resting, both groups were slaughtered. Samples collected included distal ileum portion, cecal contents, and ileocecal lymph node. The overall S. enterica prevalence (pigs positive in at least one of the samples collected at slaughter) was higher for pigs held in the abattoir pens (40.7% versus 13.3%, P < 0.05). There was no difference (P > 0.05) for the S. enterica prevalence before and after transportation from farm to abattoir (5.8% versus 0.8%, respectively). This study demonstrates that resting pigs on the transport vehicle has the potential to decrease S. enterica levels entering the abattoir.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Farm Transportation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles