Journal articles: 'Farmers – Niger'

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ZOSSOU, ESPÉRANCE, AMINOU AROUNA, ALIOU DIAGNE, and RITA AFIAVI AGBOH-NOAMESHIE. "GENDER GAP IN ACQUISITION AND PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE: CASE STUDY OF RICE FARMING IN WEST AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 4 (October 19, 2016): 566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000582.

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SUMMARYImproving farmers’ knowledge of new technologies and creating conducive learning opportunities, with particular attention to the marginalized poor (women and youth), are major factors in the move towards sustainable agriculture. To explore the gender gap in agricultural knowledge acquisition and adoption in West Africa, we used baseline data collected in 2013 and 2014 in five countries (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria and Togo) with 499 surveyed households. The t-test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis. The most quoted source for acquiring knowledge on rice farming methods was ‘other farmers’, showing the importance of social capital for rural African farmers. In Benin, a gender gap was noted in rice farmers’ access to agricultural knowledge sources, with women being more advantaged. In Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria and Togo, no significant gender gap was observed in rice farmers’ access to agricultural knowledge sources. Regarding the level of knowledge and use of rice farming methods in Côte d'Ivoire and Niger, significant gender gaps were observed. The gender approach to rural development is having impact in West Africa with regard to farmers’ access to agricultural information. However, interactive rural learning approaches (such as farmer-to-farmer video) need to be resorted to make the technologies’ principles well known and improve the ability of marginalized poor to adopt and or innovate with local or limited resources. This study leads to a better understanding of the relationship between gender, knowledge and use of agricultural technologies in order to enhance marginalized farmers’ adoption of improved innovations.

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Abdulshakur, M. M., A. A. Yusuf, J. O. Nnaji, and A. Haruna. "Farmers Perception for Effective Extension Teaching Methods in Katcha and Bida LGAs of Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.7s.

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The study assessed farmers’ perception for effective extension teaching methods in Niger State. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers in the study area, identify the extension teaching methods used by extension agents in and examine the farmers’ perception of effectiveness of the extension teaching methods. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study. A total of 114 respondents were randomly selected from Badeggi, and Katcha in Katcha LGA, Dangana and Bida in Bida LGA. Data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages and Mean scores was used to analyze objectives. The majority of the farmers (39.5%) were between ages of 20-29. The mean age was 31 years. The findings also showed that the majority (60.5%) of the respondents were male. The majority (50%) of the farmers were married, most (42.1%) had farming experience of 1-10 with a mean of 12 years. Results also showed that the majority (50%) of household size were between 1-5 in the study area. The mean was 9. Group discussion ( =4.33) was perceived by the respondents to be highly effective method in transmission of information to the farmers and ranked 1st while Use of radio ( =3.83) was agreed by the respondent to also be effective method and ranked 2nd. The results showed that the extension teaching methods that were preferred by the farmers were group discussion, demonstration and radio ranked 1st. 2nd and 3rd with mean scores 4.33, 3.67 and 3.50 respectively. It was concluded that the extension methods utilized by the extension agents proved to be effective. It is recommended that more extension agents should be employed to reduce the farmer to extension agent ratio, it is also recommended that government should budget more money to extension institutions that provide services to small farmers and rural communities in Nigeria, extension personnel should also make their contacts regular with farmers for rapid adoption and diffusion of improved agricultural technologies and extension workers activities should be supervised periodically on regular basis by a monitoring and evaluation supervisors. Keywords: Assessment, Farmer’s perception, Effectiveness, Teaching methods

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Omoare, Ayodeji Motunrayo, and Wasiu Oyeleke Oyediran. "Factors Affecting Rice Farming Practices among Farmers in Ogun and Niger States, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.10.

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The study examined factors affecting rice farming practices of rural farmers in Ogun and Niger States, Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty respondents were selected through multistage sampling procedure. Frequency distribution, percentages and mean, student’s t-test and regression analysis were used for data. All analysis was done at 5% level of significance. There was a significant difference in the farm practices of the rice farmers in Niger and Ogun States (t = 8.39, p ≤0.05). Factor affecting rice farming practices was determinants of rice production output (β = -0.13, p ≤0.05). There was difference in the farming practices of rice farmers in Ogun and Niger States. Agricultural extension services, particularly, in Ogun State should expedite action in organizing training that can facilitate adoption of better farming practices in order to increase rice production and income generation for the rice farmers, while government and input suppliers should make fertilizers available and affordable. Keywords: factors affecting farming practices; rice production; rural rice farmers;

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Bakoye, Ousmane, Ibrahim Baoua, Lawali Sitou, Mahamane Rabé Moctar, Laouali Amadou, Anastasia W. Njoroge, Larry L. Murdock, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "Groundnut Production and Storage in the Sahel: Challenges and Opportunities in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p25.

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Groundnut Arachis hypogaea (L.), is an important legume crop after cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) in Niger. However, there has been a decline in its economic importance due to several challenges. A survey of 800 farmers was conducted in 40 villages in the Maradi and Zinder regions to assess constraints and opportunities to improve groundnut production and marketing. Average land size and yield varied by region: 1.3 ha per farmer and 461.3 kg ha-1 in Maradi, and 1.7 ha per farmer and 417.2 kg ha-1 in Zinder. Insect pests (aphids) were the most important production constraint. Groundnut is typically stored for six to eight months after harvest but 91% of farmers do not take any precautions to protect the grain. Storage enables farmers to earn high profit margins of up to 33 and 113% for unshelled and shelled groundnuts, respectively. Most farmers (71.5%) sell their groundnut in unshelled form in local and urban markets. Traders are the main buyers according to 61.7% of farmers while processors were mentioned as purchasers by less than 20%. Sales are mostly done by individual farmers while very little is sold through cooperatives. Given that groundnut is a profitable crop adapted to the Sahelian zone, there is need to improve its production, storage, and value addition through processing.

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Swinton, Scott M. "Drought survival tactics of subsistence farmers in Niger." Human Ecology 16, no. 2 (June 1988): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00888089.

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Baidu-Forson, J. "On-station farmer participatory varietal evaluation: a strategy for client-oriented breeding." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 01 (January 1997): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447979700015x.

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On-station participatory evaluation of varieties was used to identify the characteristics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. Br.) preferred by farmers in western Niger. Large numbers of productive tillers, large grain size, plant height of about 250 cm and a crop cycle of 100 d or less were the main traits that motivated farmers' preference for ICMV IS 92222. High grain yield was of less concern to farmers than these factors. Small grain size, short or thin panicles, short or thin stalks and a crop cycle of 110 d or more are traits likely to be rejected by farmers. Evidence of gender-based trait preferences was significant only for short or thin panicles and thin stalks. There was no evidence of location-driven trait preferences. Farmer participation in the on-station varietal evaluation provided a means of identifying a wide range of traits that were valued by farmers and could provide guidance on farmer demand for use in varietal evaluations.

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Suresh Patil, Sandeep, Mahesh Mavanjee Mahale, and Sudeshkumar Shivajorao Chavan. "Impact of Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) on Oilseed Crops in South Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.3.14.

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Frontline demonstration is the long-term educational activity conducted by agricultural scientists in a systematic manner on farmers’ field to show the worth of new practice/technology under the micro-farming situation. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ratnagiri had conducted the frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on oilseeds during 2011 to 2016. The KVK had organized 93 FLDs on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in two villages viz., Asage and Gawane and 26 FLDs on Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) in Gawane village from Lanja Block of Ratnagiri district. Therefore, the aim of present study was to determine the impact of frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on yield, adoption, varietal replacement of oilseed crops and its horizontal spread in Konkan region of Maharashtra state. To get the adequate size of the sample, 119 FLDs beneficiary farmers (93 Groundnut + 26 Niger) were selected as the sample for the present study. The study was conducted in experimental designs (Before-After and Control-Treatment) of social research. The findings showed that significant increase in the average yield of demonstration plot (20.57q ha-1) over the control plot (13.75 q ha-1) of groundnut crop. Average yield of niger was 2.75 q ha-1 , which increased to 3.11 q ha-1 in demonstration year. FLDs showed a positive impact on the adoption of production technologies in groundnut and niger. The ‘Local’ and ‘SB-11’ variety of groundnut were replaced by improved varieties such as ‘Konkan Trombay Tapora’, ‘TG 26’ and ‘Konkan Gaurav’. Similarly, improved ‘IGP-76’ and ‘Phule Karala’ varieties of niger replaced the ‘Local’ low yielding varieties. The area under improved varieties increased periodically. Thus, it can be inferred that FLD is an effective extension intervention to demonstrate the production potential of improved technologies in oilseed crops on farmers’ field. Therefore, it is recommended that the extension agencies engaged in transfer and application of agricultural technologies on farmer’s field should give priority to organize frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on cluster basis for harnessing the productivity potential of oilseed crops in the country.

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Ndagi, I., F. D. Babalola, I. U. Mokwunye, C. F. Anagbogu, I. A. Aderolu, O. Ugioro, E. U. Asogwa, M. Idrisu, and F. C. Mokwunye. "Potentials and Challenges of Kolanut Production in Niger State, Nigeria." ISRN Agronomy 2012 (August 29, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/492394.

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Niger State has unique history of kolanut production in northern part of Nigeria. Unfortunately, the potentials of kolanut production in the state are not duly recognized. Lavun and Mokwa Local Government Areas, where kolanut is widely produced were selected for the study. Kolanut farmers were randomly selected for administration of structured questionnaire. Cola nitida was the dominant species planted by the farmers. More than two third of the kolanut plantations were 60 years and above. Kolanut farms were mainly owned through inheritance. Farmers at Lavun adopted more cultural practices than the farmers at Mokwa; such practices included application of organic manure and mulching to the kolanut trees, felling of unproductive kolanut trees to coppice, and adoption of multiple land practice. Due to this, the farmers at Lavun got more harvest from their kolanut plantations than those at Mokwa. Stored nuts were mainly attacked by weevils and rot disease. Challenges of kolanut production are low yield, lack of information on improved technology, pest and disease infestation, lack of intervention from the government, and transportation. Farmers in the study areas still hold kolanut production in high esteem, and there is vast area of land which could be used for kolanut production.

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Wezel, A., and J. Haigis. "Farmers' perception of vegetation changes in semi-arid Niger." Land Degradation & Development 11, no. 6 (November 2000): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-145x(200011/12)11:6<523::aid-ldr411>3.0.co;2-v.

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Eze, Jude Nwafor, Umar Aliyu, Abdulmalik Alhaji-Baba, and Muhammad Alfa. "Analysis of Farmers' Vulnerability to Climate Change in Niger State, Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 82 (June 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.82.1.

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This research evaluates the farmers’ vulnerability to climate change in Niger State. Strategies for reducing the effect of climate change have regularly been made without experimental foundations and adequate information on farmers’ vulnerability to climate change in the study area. Thus, integrated farmers’ vulnerability assessment approach was employed by classifying socioeconomic and biophysical indicators of vulnerability into adaptive capacity, sensitivity and exposure to determine the farmers’ vulnerability to climate change. This is based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s definition of vulnerability. The study adopted a survey design and the method utilized for the study was questionnaire administered to 400 households in the study area. The results indicate that the farmers’ vulnerability was low in zone A with a mean index of 2.86, very low in zone B with a mean index of 3.74, and high in zone C with a mean index of 1.95 (the higher the value of the index the lower the vulnerability of farmers). It is recommended that measures should be taken to integrate climate change adaptation into Niger State development process. These measures should include improvement in adoption of good agricultural practices (GAP).

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Norman, W. R., and M. F. Walter. "Farmer Water Costs and Related Performance in Irrigated Systems: Case Studies from the Sahel." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 2 (January 1, 1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol2iss0pp1-12.

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In the Republic of Niger, eight exemplary irrigation systems were studied. ranging from large, government- administered perimeters to small, privately-owned, manual-lift microsystems. The total cost to the thinner for water, the various components of that cost, and related farmer and system performance were evaluated and found to vary significantly among systems. Irrigation systems in which farmers incur the highest volumetric costs for water and which allow for greater direct farmer control over system water management tend to exhibit the highest performance characteristics.

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Ndjeunga, J. "LOCAL VILLAGE SEED SYSTEMS AND PEARL MILLET SEED QUALITY IN NIGER." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 2 (March 28, 2002): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000224.

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Donors have invested more than US$45 million in seed production projects in Niger during the past two decades. These investments have largely failed. Public seed systems consistently supplied less than 2% of the total national seed planted by farmers. Through subsidies, seed prices represent less than one-third of the average cost of seed production. In contrast, at the village level, most farmers consistently obtain pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) seed from their own harvests, from neighbours or from village markets. Seed is of acceptable quality and a range of varieties is available. Village seed systems offer a cheaper and more efficient means of delivering seed to farmers. Future investment in seed systems development should target improvements in the capacity of village seed systems to maintain and distribute seed security stocks in drought years. Efficient seed producers or groups of farmers in each community should be identified and encouraged to become entrepreneurs tasked with the multiplication and distribution of new pearl millet varieties.

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Funom, Blessing Chika, and Opeyemi Soyemi. "Agricultural Information Dissemination to Soybean Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/iijikm.v10i2.4.

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Y., Tanko,. "Cardio-respiratory changes among farmers and non-farmers in Rafi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 4, no. 1 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-0410103.

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Ekwealor, Chito Clare, and Christie Amechi Oyeka. "Cutaneous Mycoses among Rice Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria." Journal of Mycology 2013 (September 25, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/190742.

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Rice grain is one of the world's most important food crops, and its cultivation is a major occupation in Anambra State, Nigeria. These rice farmers are exposed to various agents that predispose them to cutaneous mycoses. The aim of this work was to screen rice farmers for lesions suggestive of cutaneous mycoses and to isolate and identify fungal agents associated with the infection. This survey was carried out between November 2009 and June 2011 in Anambra State, Nigeria. Clinical samples collected from 201 farmers with lesions suggestive of cutaneous mycoses were processed and the organisms identified. Questionnaires were used to obtain other necessary data and were statistically analyzed. Of the 2,580 rice farmers screened, 201 (7.79%) showed positive lesions. Organisms recovered included Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum ferrugineum, Trichophyton megnini, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus scleriotorum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Scopulariopsis sp., Chrysosporium sp., Eupenicillium javanicum, Fusarium sp., Penicillium aculeatum, and Penicillium pinophilum. At the end of this work, onychomycosis was observed to be the most prevalent with nondermatophyte molds now becoming very important agents of cutaneous mycoses among rice farmer.

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Agúndez, Dolores, Sitou Lawali, Ali Mahamane, Ricardo Alía, and Mario Soliño. "Farmers’ Preferences for Conservation and Breeding Programs of Forestry Food Resources in Niger." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060697.

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In a less-favored area such as the Sahel, promoting sustainable management, breeding, and conservation of forestry resources would result in improvements for agroforestry systems and food security. A contingent ranking exercise allowed us to estimate the preferences and the values given by the rural population to the attributes that would be comprised in a conservation program. The resulting preferred program is farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) based on the species Adansonia digitata (baobab), with plantation, stone bunds, or tassa, and selected or bred seeds. The proposed actions to improve the tree density and the seed quality were highly valued by the respondents. Nevertheless, no clear differences were found between tassa and stone bunds, or FMNR and plantation. The main effects of the program, according to the surveyed population, include an increase in crop production and soil conservation, and higher income from tree products. This study allowed us to identify the program that would provide the greatest well-being for farmers, since it would allow them to simultaneously improve both the production of their crops and the production of the woody food species. It was shown that farmers were particularly willing to contribute to a program based on baobab, mainly because its products are used for food in the home and can be sold in markets. In this sense, the yield and production of the system would be improved by increasing the number of baobab trees. Farmers would contribute to this production system and would be willing to invest sustainable effort in the long term. The conservation and breeding program can be directed at conserving and propagating the genetic resources of A. digitata in an initial phase, selecting trees with good production, growth, and adaptation characteristics.

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M. A., Ndanitsa, Umar I. S., Alhassan H. A., and Dauda M. "Effects of Niger State Rice Investment Consortium on Income of Smallholder Rice Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare202002009.

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The Niger State Rice Investment Consortium (NSRIC) project, Niger State Agricultural Policy, promotes the transformation of the predominantly subsistence Agricultural production system to a modernized and Commercial-oriented system. Total sample size of 234 (made up of 117 participants and 117 non-participants), drawn from twelve (12) localities in three (3) Local Government Areas (LGAs), were selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Ordinary Least Square Model and Henry Garrett Technique. The results showed that the respondents were in their productive age with mean age of 39 and 44 years for participants and non-participants respectively. It was observed that 80.34% and 81.22% of the participants and non-participants respectively were married. The mean farm sizes were 2.0ha and 1.84ha for participants and non-participants respectively. The regression estimates for income among the respondents showed that the coefficient of farm size, frequency of extension contact and capital were significant at 1 percent probability level and positive for the participants, non-participants, pooled data and pooled data with dummy. The result of Henry Garrett Ranking Technique revealed that poor access road was ranked first most pressing farmers’ constraint with a Garrett mean score of 52.27 and 53.09, and lack of government policy on commercialization was ranked the tenth farmers’ constraint.

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Eli, H. D., and P. A. Bariweni. "Effects of Seasonal Characteristics of Kolo Creek Flooding on Farm-Plot Sizes in Central Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.20.

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Perennial flooding is a known environmental hazard in many parts of the Niger Delta. Concern about flooding increases when places of importance to man, such as farmlands and settlements, and food supply systems are affected. This study assessed the effect of Seasonal Characteristics of Kolo Creek flooding on farm-plot sizes and crop production during the flood and non – flood seasons. A direct contact survey methodology was employed to measure farm-plot sizes and their extent of inundation during flood and non – flood seasons, and 400 randomly selected farmers along the Kolo Creek, Central Niger Delta were interviewed with a semi – structured questionnaire. Results from the study showed a mean farm-plot size of 0.51±0.00 (Ha) during the non-flood period and 0.10±0.00 (Ha) during the flood period. The results obtained from the study also indicated that only 20.93% of the farm-plots available during the non – flood period was available for farming during the flood period; more than half of the farmlands of about 88.50% of the farmers was seasonally inundated by flood and only 1.75% of the farmers had less than half of the farmlands under the floodwaters. Although farmers adapted by owning many – but – small farm-plots, they cultivated only a few varieties of crops, most of which were not flood tolerant. The study concluded that Kolo Creek flooding greatly reduced farm-plot sizes and therefore recommended the planting of more flood-tolerant crops to maximize use of land and improve crop productivity in the area. Keywords: Seasonal flooding, farm-plot sizes, Kolo Creek, Niger Delta

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Ovharhe, O. J. "Aquaculture Technology Adoption by Fadama III Farmers in Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition) 23, no. 4 (December 2016): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-8104(17)30010-7.

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Baoua, I. B., L. Amadou, and L. L. Murdock. "Triple bagging for cowpea storage in rural Niger: Questions farmers ask." Journal of Stored Products Research 52 (January 2013): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2012.12.004.

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Wezel, A., and J. Haigis. "Fallow cultivation system and farmers' resource management in Niger, West Africa." Land Degradation & Development 13, no. 3 (2002): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.499.

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Sterk, G., and J. Haigis. "Farmers' knowledge of wind erosion processes and control methods in Niger." Land Degradation & Development 9, no. 2 (March 1998): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(199803/04)9:2<107::aid-ldr285>3.0.co;2-5.

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Sadiq, Sanusi Mohammed, P. I. Singh, M. M. Ahmad, B. J. Yunnusa, and M. S. Egba. "PROFITABILITY AND CONSTRAINTS OF IFAD/VCD RICE PROJECT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN NIGER STATE OF NIGERIA." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.3.4.

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Failure to sustain most of the rural poor and food security programmes in Nigeria after their life span is due to poor productivity of the capital investment of a project to generate a remunerative income to sustain a typical agrarian farming household in Nigeria. Thus, to critically investigate this hypothetical proposition, this research aimed at evaluating the viability of the IFAD rice project among the beneficiaries in Niger State of Nigeria. Undated data of the 2018 rainfed cropping season was elicited from 111 farmers through a multi-stage sampling technique and the information were collected viaa structured questionnaire complemented with an interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The empirical results showed that the rice project in the study area is likely not to be sustained after the stipulated time frame for the programme as inspite of the programme aim of doubling farmers’ income viz. value chain. The capital investment is not productive to sustain an average farming household composed of 8 persons having an operational holding of less than two hectares. Therefore, the study recommends provision of consumption credit in addition to the production credit advanced to the farmers in order to make the capital investment viable so that its turnover after each production season will be consistently re-invested into the rice project and possibility of a farmer taken-up additional activities along the chain, thus keeping the business going concern viable and sustainable.

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Lamers, J. P. A., and P. R. Feil. "Farmers' knowledge and management of spatial soil and crop growth variability in Niger, West Africa." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 43, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v43i4.561.

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A household survey conducted in the Sahel, combined with an extensive literature search of baseline studies, complemented on-station research on spatial soil and crop growth variability from a farmers viewpoint. Farmers explained spatial variability in crop growth in terms of differences in soil types, soil fertility and degradation, as well as their cultivation and management practices. Farmers counteract spatial crop growth variability by within-field fallow; kraaling; spot applications of manure, crop residues and household waste; by intentionally moving their settlements; and by exploiting the micro-environmental differences around specific tree and shrub species. However, these strategies also enforce the spatial crop growth variability. The accuracy of farmers' comprehensive knowledge of agriculture, soil, animal husbandry and agro-forestry was confirmed by compartmentalized on-farm and on-station studies conducted in the same region, although explanations of farmers and researchers were not always the same. Farmers are aware of soil fertility management technologies, either coming from outside or developed within the farming community, but are often unable to translate these into action on a large scale. This is due to insufficient resources and socioeconomic, as well as institutional, constraints such as cattle ownership, land tenure, labour requirements and prices of inputs. Implications for agricultural research and technology generation are discussed.

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M, Sanusi Sadiq. "Effect of IFAD-VCDP on Input-Output Commercialization of Rice Farmers in Niger State of Nigeria." Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v35i2/ajas20075.

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Bwala, Madu Ali, and Aniobi U. John. "Profitability analysis of paddy production: A case of agricultural zone 1, Niger State Nigeria." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36486.

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This study estimated the profitability of rice production among small scale farmers in Bida agricultural zone of Niger state. The study utilized a multi-stage random sampling technique to select a total of one hundred and five (105) rice farmers in the area. The data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire from four communities in the study area. Descriptive statistics and farm budgeting tools were used for the analyses. The descriptive analysis showed that the farmers are highly productive between the age range of 37- 48 years. Furthermore, results also revealed land area cultivated by the farmers to be generally below two hectares. The finding further revealed the variable cost per hectare for rice production to be $126,100 per production cycle, while total revenue of $227,500 was realized by the respondents. The results also revealed cost of labour to account for the largest portion (54.0%) of the total variable cost. This is followed by the cost of seed, fertilizer, transportation, herbicide, pesticide and bagging. The farm budgeting analysis revealed the costs and returns of rice production to be profitable with a gross margin of $101,400 and net farm profit of $98,546.4. The gross profit ratio was calculated to be 0.45 which implies that farmers are selling their rice produce at a relatively high profit percentage. Based on the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that rice production in Bida Agricultural Zone of Niger State is profitable. Hence, the cultivation of rice is an important enterprise that should be encourage, considering the fact that it is a major staple. It is therefore recommended that timely availability of farm inputs such as improved seed variety and agrochemicals will further boos trice production in the area. Furthermore, provision of credit facilities to small scale farmers is a viable policy to be pursuedJ. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 88-92, April 2018

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Bwala, Madu Ali, Saliu Akinlabi Tiamiyu, and Alhaji Yanda Kolo. "Analysis of land tillage practices and related problems among rice farmers in the tropic of sub-saharan Africa." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36488.

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The decision “to till” or “not to till” is premised on the farmers’ perception of the inherent negative effects of tilling vis-à-vis the crop output performance and the profitability of the farm venture. Land tillage practices and land related problems of farmers were assessed in Agricultural Zone I of Niger State, Nigeria. Furthermore, the relation between land related problems and rice production levels was also investigated. Cross sectional data was collected for the analysis using questionnaire from one hundred and twenty (120) rice farmers. Descriptive statistics as well as the Chi-Square Test were used to analyze data collected. Findings revealed that 40.8 % and 56.7% of the respondents utilize manual and mechanized tillage methods on their farms, respectively. Thus indicating a majority (97.5%) of the farmers intensively tilling the soil as a cultivation practice. Land related problems reported by farmers include induce errosion, loss of nutrient, insect pest attack and change in soil texture. Furthermore, it was also found that farmers operating at a higher level of production experience more land related problems on the fields. The Chi square analysis revealed a strong relationship between tillage method and prevalence of land related problems and incidences of pests and diseases. Also levels of production at which farmers operate was found to have a relationship with the incidence of tillage related problems observed on the farms. It is therefore the opinion of this study that agronomist need to research and put forward environmentally friendly tillage methods that best suits farmer needs in the study area. Furthermore, farmer education about the negative effects of tilling without recourse to the environment is also advocated.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 98-103, April 2018

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NDJEUNGA, J., and A. BATIONO. "STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS OF SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION OPTIONS ON SANDY SAHELIAN SOILS IN SOUTHWEST NIGER." Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (April 2005): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002522.

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The poor fertility of sandy Sahelian soils remains one of the major constraints to pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) production in West Africa. On-farm trials under farmers' management were conducted in two rainfall zones of Niger in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate the risk characteristics of six soil fertility restoration options. Stochastic dominance analysis was used to compare the fertilizer treatments tested. Results showed that the farmers' traditional method (no fertilizer control), Tahoua phosphate rock (PRT) alone applied at 13 kg P ha−1 broadcast, and a combination of PRT broadcast at 13 kg P ha−1 and single super phosphate (SSP) hill-placed at 4 kg P ha−1 had the most desirable risk characteristics and were acceptable to risk averse decision-makers in both rainfall zones. At current input–output price ratios, most fertilizer-using farmers would choose the combination of PRT broadcast and SSP hill-placed. If the availability of SSP was limited, some farmers would use PRT alone. The demand for risk efficient alternatives could significantly increase if farmers could bear less than half the fertilizer costs at the current output price, although further research is required to say if a fertilizer subsidy could be justified on broader economic or social grounds.

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Ebhuoma, Eromose Ehije, Mulala Danny Simatele, Llewellyn Leonard, Osadolor Obiahon Ebhuoma, Felix Kwabena Donkor, and Henry Bikwibili Tantoh. "Theorising Indigenous Farmers’ Utilisation of Climate Services: Lessons from the Oil-Rich Niger Delta." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 7349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187349.

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In the wake of a rapidly changing climate, climate services have enabled farmers in developing countries to make informed decisions, necessary for efficient food production. Climate services denote the timely production, translation, delivery and use of climate information to enhance decision-making. However, studies have failed to analyse the extent to which Indigenous farmers residing and producing their food in an environment degraded by multinational corporations (MNCs) utilise climate services. This study addresses this gap by analysing Indigenous farmers’ utilisation of climate services in Igbide, Olomoro and Uzere communities, in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain primary data. Findings suggest that although the activities of Shell British petroleum, a MNC, have compromised food production, other factors have fuelled farmers’ unwillingness to utilise climate services. These include their inability to access assets that can significantly scale up food production and lack of weather stations close to their communities needed to generate downscaled forecasts, amongst others. This paper argues that failure to address these issues may stifle the chances of actualising the first and second sustainable development goals (no poverty and zero hunger) by 2030 in the aforementioned communities.

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J, Usman, Jirgi A.J, Ojo M.A, and Tiamiyu S.A. "Sources of Risk and Management Strategies among Farmers in Rice Post Harvest Management in Niger State, Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 3, no. 8 (July 31, 2017): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/agriculture-journal-ijoear-jul-2017-16.

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Usman, A., and SA Rahman. "Analysis of Technical Efficiency among Swamp Rice Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i1.6.

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Ibrahim, F. D., A. O. Oformata, A. J. Jirgi, and A. Adewumi. "Optimum production plan for maize-based crop farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 18, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.7.

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Nmadu, J. "Determinants of Risk Status of Small Scale Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2012/1284.

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Lokonon, Boris Odilon Kounagbè. "Farmers’ vulnerability to climate shocks: insights from the Niger basin of Benin." Climate and Development 11, no. 7 (September 5, 2018): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1511403.

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Schlecht, Eva, and Andreas Buerkert. "Organic inputs and farmers' management strategies in millet fields of western Niger." Geoderma 121, no. 3-4 (August 2004): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.11.015.

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Sadiq, M. S., I. P. Singh, and M. M. Ahmad. "INCOME DISCRIMINATION-A MANIFESTATION OF INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD) RICE PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA’S NIGER STATE: INVISIBLE OR INVINCIBLE." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 37, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2021.37.1.8.

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The present study evaluated the income inequalities between IFAD and non-IFAD rice farmers in Nigeria’s Niger state. Undated data of 2018 cropping season elicited through structured questionnaire coupled with interview schedules from a total of 296 rice farmers (111 IFAD rice farmers and 185 non-IFAD rice farmers) through a multi-stage sampling technique. Tools viz. descriptive statistics, censored regression, Chow F-test statistics, Average treatment effect (ATE) and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition model were used for data analysis. The findings showed that the programme had effect on the farmers’ income in the short-run; while in the long-run, the non-remunerative product’s price has diffused the impact of the programme on the farmers’ income. However, it was observed that participation in the programme made the average income accumulation of the participated farmers to higher than that of the non-participants. The discrimination difference called programme participation accounts for more than 75% of the income gap, while endowment or characteristics difference accounts for less than 24% vis-à-vis the non-treated groups. Therefore, the programme should link the farmers with the appropriate off-takers in order to insulate them from adverse effect of market imperfection which tends to dampen the rice price during the boom season. Also, the farmers should engage in co-operative marketing and monitor price behavior using market information and intelligence. The scope of programme coverage should be expanded beyond the target group so as to enhance the farm families’ livelihoods; the rural, state and the national economies.

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Muhammed, Y., M. A. Ojo, A. Abdullahi, O. J. Ajayi, S. Jibrin, and A. I. Loko. "Evaluation of resource-use efficiency among rice farmers in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Research and Development 18, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jard.v18i1.2.

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This study evaluated resources–use efficiency among rice farmers in Katcha Local Government Area (LGA) of Niger State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to; describe socio-economic characteristics of the rice farmers, determine the production inputs influencing rice output, resource–use efficiency in rice production and identify constraints associated with rice production. Two-stage sampling procedure was used for selection of 88 rice farmers on which questionnaire was administered. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression model and resource – use efficiency ratio. Results of the analysis revealed that 76.2% of the respondents were males, while 93.2% were married. The mean age, farming experience and household size of the respondents was 46 years, 23 years and 11 people, respectively. The multiple regression analysis result showed that double-log with R2 value of 0.9571 was chosen as lead equation and farmland (4.83, p<0.01), labour (2.34, p<0.05), seeds (4.04, p<0.01) and fertilizer (3.46, p<0.01) had positive coefficients and statistically significant. The efficiency ratio of resources-use in rice production showed that farm size (15.71) was under-utilized, while labour (0.001), seeds (0.554) and fertilizer (0.056) were over-utilized. Major constraints of rice production identified were inadequate training on resources usage (94.3%), followed by problem of pest and diseases (84.1%) and problem of storage facilities (81.8%). These problems ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. In conclusion, the production inputs were not efficiently utilized by the rice farmers. It was therefore recommended that, extension agents should educate farmers about relevant farm management skills in order to optimally utilize resources in rice production. Keywords: Resource-use efficiency, Rice farmers, Inputs, Production

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E.O, Nwachuwku,, Onweagba, A.E, and Nwajiuba, C. "Differences in Adoption of Introduced Technologies in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria." Journal of Sociological Research 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2013): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v4i2.4523.

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This study examined the differences in adoption of introduced technologies by Agricultural NGOs in the rural Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was use to select nine (9) registered functional and active Agricultural NGOs in the Niger Delta States, while a sample size of 450 farmers and 27 extension field staff were selected using random sampling techniques. A four-point Likert-Type rating scale of questionnaire was used to obtain responses from the various groups of respondents and descriptive statistics were used to analyze data obtained from the study. The result of the study indicates that differences existed in the levels of adoption of introduced technologies by farmers across the Niger Delta states. It was recommended that sustained effort towards exchange of knowledge, resources, ideas and innovations among the NGOs could help in bridging the gap and that the non-agricultural NGOs operating in the region should be encouraged to get involved in agricultural development programmes. This could be done through proper enlightenment programmes, legislation, and policy guides, and would help consolidate the socio-economic gains recorded.

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Sheshi, Umar Isah. "Attitude of farmers towards domestication of shea tree cultivation in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37982.

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Despite the socio-economic potentials of shea tree and it ability to grow well in Niger State, the tree crop is yet to be domesticated in farms. Thus, the study examined the attitude of farmers towards the cultivation of shea tree in Niger State, Nigeria. To achieve the study objectives, 210 respondents were randomly selected for the study and data were collected using validated interview schedule with reliability coefficient of 0.85. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression model. Result indicated that the mean age of the respondents was 52 years. Number of shea trees owned by 50.48% of the respondents ranged from15–20 trees which mostly grow naturally. Result further revealed that the respondents had favourable attitude towards most of the issues bordering on shea trees domestication. The issues that attracted least unfavourable attitude were long gestation period and inadequate awareness on the need to plant and manage wild trees. Factors that influenced willingness to plant shea trees were sex, attitude, land ownership, educational level and marital status. Therefore, it was recommended that youths, women and married couples should be encouraged by government to go into shea trees cultivation. It was also suggested that farmers should be educated by extension agents to encourage on-farm shea tree planting culture and agroforestry initiatives.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 271-275, August 2018

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Toukal Assoumana, Boubacar, Mbaye Ndiaye, Grace Van Der Puije, Mamourou Diourte, and Thomas Gaiser. "Comparative Assessment of Local Farmers’ Perceptions of Meteorological Events and Adaptations Strategies: Two Case Studies in Niger Republic." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (May 30, 2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n3p118.

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Several studies on farmers’ perceptions on climate variability tend to provide bulked information at either regional or national level. Assessing the disparities of skills and the strategies of adaptations among farmers across locations could be the first step towards solutions in adaption to the climate variability and change. The objective of this paper was to assess and compare local farmers’ perceptions on meteorological events, adaptations and access to agricultural extension services in two agro-ecological zones, Diffa and Aguie, in Niger Republic. The results revealed that climate challenges are well distributed in both areas but, there are significant discrepancies in the perceived climate variabilities compared to meteorological observations. Respondents noted an increase in temperature which is in agreement with climatic data evidence. It was found that majority of respondents adopt crop diversification in the sense of mixed cropping as their major adaptation strategy to climate variability. However, the extent to which farmers perceived crop diversification as a climate change adaptation strategy is not a response to the subjectively perceived changes in weather patterns, but rather a traditional strategy to reduce risk and to adapt to the long-standing inter-annual and intra-annual rainfall variability in the area. The lack of sufficient educational knowledge, external support and access to information are the constraints that hindered farmers to adapt effectively and, this leads to low agricultural productivity. It is recommended to empower farmers with information, technological skills, access to heat resistant crop varieties that enable them to adapt to increasing maximum temperatures.

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Yattara, Ibrahima, Yacouba Maïga, Boubacar Kola Touré, Sékou Sacko, and Mohamed S. Maïga. "Analysis of the Means of Combating Birds that Destroy Cereal Crops in the Fields of the Inner Niger Delta." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 72 (March 15, 2021): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.72.87.90.

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Cereal crops such as rice, millet, and sorghum in the Inner Niger Delta are the main sources of food for the people who live there. However, there is a real competition between the high concentrations of grain-eating birds in search of food and the peasants who develop means to preserve their food against these crop destroyers. Rural communities have fought against grain-eating birds and have striven to hunt birds by cutting down trees, destroying nests which only drive them away from neighbors who in turn resume the fight [1]. Various lethal techniques were applied in dozens of countries on all continents during the 1950s [2]. The objective of this study is to know the means of preserving cereal crops by farmers in order to be able to improve agricultural production. For this, several methods are used by the peasants and also by the state. The article discusses the analysis of the different means of control used by farmers and the State against birds destroying cereal crops in the Inner Niger Delta area in Mali, such as traditional methods and chemical methods.

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Gyasi, E., C. Kwoseh, and E. Moses. "Identification of seed-borne fungi of farmer-saved seeds of pepper and their control with some selected botanicals." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 55, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v55i1.5.

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A survey was conducted on the source of planting materials and pre-planting seed treatment practice by pepper farmers in Obenemasi and Ofoase-Kokoben communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using a well-structured questionnaire in June, 2011. Seed health test was conducted on 40 farmer-saved pepper seed samples collected from the farmers interviewed using the blotter method in the laboratory. Efficacy of garlic, ginger and neem botanical extracts in managing the seed-borne fungi of pepper seeds was also investigated in this study in-vitro. Results of the questionnaire-based survey indicated that, majority of respondent farmers, about 75% recycled seeds from previous harvest, 20% of respondents also used seeds obtained from friends and 5% obtained their pepper seeds from local markets. Nine genera of fungi including 12 species were identified from the pepper seed samples collected. The three botanical extracts proved effective as Mancozeb in controlling one or more of the test seed-borne fungi. Garlic aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was effective as Mancozeb in controlling Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Ginger aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was also effective against seed-borne Fusarium and Aspergillus spp. whereas aqueous neem extract (60% (w/v)) was effective in controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.

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Aliyu, T. H., O. G. Bello, L. K. Olatinwo, K. F. Omotesho, L. L. Adefalu, and I. Garba. "Farmers’ Adoption of System of Rice Intensification in Chanchaga Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v28i2.7.

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The study evaluated the adoption of System of rice intensification (SRI) among rice farmers in Chanchaga Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. A 3-stage sampling technique was used to collect data for the study through a structured questionnaire and interview schedule administered to 200 rice farmers. The results indicated that the majority of the farmers were males (83.0%) and married (68.5%) with no formal education (50.5%). Mean age was 44.1 years, household size was 8.8 persons, farming experience of 16years, average monthly income was N590,000.00 and average farm size was 1.7 ha. The most adopted SRI production practice was fertilizer and herbicide application (100.0%), planting depth (91.5%) manual land cultivation and planting method (91.0%). The respondents were at different stages of adoption with accelerating growth, rotary weeding and use of organic fertilizer having positive adoption index of 0.972, 0.970 and 0.601, respectively. Level of adoption of SRI technologies was low (34.5%) with a positive perception. Major constraints to SRI technologies were high labor ( =3.27), non-awareness of SRI technologies ( =3.14) inadequate understanding of SRI ( =2.89). The profitability of SRI in rice cultivation was higher compared to the conventional method. Therefore, the provision of more training and demonstration programmes and input subsidy should be encouraged to boost adoption of SRI for improved rice production. Keywords: Rice Intensification, Farming activities, Training, Chanchaga, System, Niger State

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Oyerinde, Ganiyu Titilope, Emmanuel Agnidé Lawin, and Ayo J. Odofin. "Farmers’ Responses to Changing Hydrological Trends in the Niger Basin Parts of Benin." Hydrology 4, no. 4 (November 11, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology4040052.

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Sheshi, Umar Isah, and Mohammed Usman. "Increasing rice production through adoption of improved variety in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37958.

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The study examined the performance of Faro 44 improved rice variety in increasing rice production in Niger State, Nigeria. To achieve the objectives of the study, 203 farmers were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas in the State. Validated interview schedule with reliability co-efficient of 0.89 was used for collecting data and collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation analysis. The result indicated that the mean age of the respondents was 43 years, with mean farm size of 2.1ha. Finding also revealed that a total 97.54% of the respondents adopted Faro 44 improved rice variety in their farms. The mean yield of the respondents was 6 Tons/ha., which increased the rice output of more than half (52.22%) of the respondents twice. The mean income was N675, 000.00 ($ 1,824.32); this led to empowerment of the respondents in the areas of attending to family welfare needs (89.66%), re-investment in farming businesses (70.94%) and acquisition of landed properties (50.73%). Challenges of adoption were complexity of some components of improved variety (39.90%) and late delivery of improved seeds (35.47%). The result further showed that respondent’s educational level (r = 0.285), farm size (r = 0.309) and extension contacts (r = 0.236) had significant relationship with adoption of improved rice variety. Thus, it was recommended that extension service providers should provide follow-up information to the farmers to educate them more on the agronomic practices of the improved rice variety. It was also suggested that back-up inputs such as improved seeds should be made available to farmers adequately and on time by relevant stakeholders.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 182-186, August 2018

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Bakasso, Y., M. Zaman-Allah, C. Mariac, C. Billot, Y. Vigouroux, J. D. Zongo, and M. Saadou. "Genetic diversity and population structure in a collection of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) from Niger." Plant Genetic Resources 12, no. 2 (November 12, 2013): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000531.

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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) is an economically important plant in Niger. Little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, we performed the first diversity assessment of a collection of 124 roselle accessions and 16 accessions of its close relativesHibiscuscannabinusandAbelmoschusesculentus. Our study was based on ten agromorphological traits and 267 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. We identified two major distinct groups inH. sabdariffausing a Bayesian method. These two genetic groups were associated with statistical differences for three phenological characteristics: number of days to flowering, 100-seed weight and calyx size. However, the calyx colour, i.e. a morphological characteristic often used to classify different local ecotypes, did not superimpose this separation. Our findings suggested that roselle diversity is genetically structured; the two different groups were clearly associated with morphological differences but were not commonly used by farmers for their classification. The impact of the perceived ecotype structure and its consequence on farmer management is discussed.

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Pendu, Yvonnick Le, and Isabelle Ciofolo. "Seasonal movements of giraffes in Niger." Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, no. 3 (May 1999): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467499000863.

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The last population of giraffes in west Africa lives in Niger in an unprotected Sahelian region inhabited by farmers and herders. The spatial behaviour of each individual of the population (n = 63) was studied by direct observation during 15 mo. Two-thirds of the population were resident in the tiger bush in the rainy season and in the nearby area of Harikanassou, a sandy agricultural region, in the dry season. Rainy season and dry season home ranges were mutually exclusive and individual home ranges were overlapping when considering one season (rainy season: 84%; dry season: 67%). The mean size of the seasonal home ranges of these resident giraffes during the dry season (90.7 km2) was twice the mean size during the rainy season (46.6 km2). A third of the population moved 80 to 200 km in three directions, and two giraffes from an isolated group from Mali moved 300 km along the Niger River. Long distance movements of such length have never been reported before, and several explanations are proposed: previous distribution, social transmission, hydrographic network and food availability, poaching events. The giraffes in Niger do not avoid rural communities; indeed, they live in densely populated regions. Furthermore, their movements, synchronized with human activities in these regions, are representative of life conditions in the Sahel.

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Saputri, Desi Riana, Fenzy Putri Liewenti, and Stanislaus Dimas Indra. "Efek Biokonversi Pulp Kakao menjadi Bioetanol Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif melalui Fermentasi Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam Fermentor Wadah Plastik dan Stainless Steel." Journal of Science and Applicative Technology 5, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v5i1.377.

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Cocoa beans from Indonesian farmers are not optimal to utilize dan has low quality because they have not done fermentation processing. The aim of this study was to process cocoa beans through fermentation by using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by developing cocoa-pulp byproduct that can be converted to be alcohol. Fermentation process had done in two type of containers such as plastic and stainless steel material. It was observed to know the presence of olygodinamic effect from stainless steel material. The results showed that cacao pulp can be fermented by using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sensory test method with hyphae growth and strong aromatic from alcohol observation. Stainless steel material in fermentor tub did not give the oligodynamic effect for Aspergillus niger fungus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. The Fermentation process produced 0.66 mL of alcohol from one kilogram fresh cocoa beans. The maximum bioethanol product is that happened in 4th day fermentation process about 5.30 %.

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MORSE, S., N. McNAMARA, and M. ACHOLO. "Potential for clean yam minisett production by resource-poor farmers in the middle-belt of Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 147, no. 5 (May 6, 2009): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859609008740.

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SUMMARYYam minisett technique (YMT) has been promoted throughout West Africa since the 1980s as a sustainable means of producing clean yam planting material, but adoption of the technique is often reported as being patchy at best. While there has been much research on the factors that influence adoption of the technique, there have been no attempts to assess its economic viability under ‘farmer-managed’ as distinct from ‘on station’ conditions. The present paper describes the results of farmer-managed trials employing the YMT (white yam: Dioscorea rotundata) at two villages in Igalaland, Kogi State, Nigeria. One of the villages (Edeke) is on the banks of the River Niger and represents a specialist yam environment, whereas the other village (Ekwuloko) is inland, where farmers employ a more general cropping system. Four farmers were selected in each of the two villages and asked to plant a trial comprising two varieties of yam, their popular local variety as well as another variety grown in other parts of Igalaland, and to treat yam setts (80–100 g) with either woodash or insecticide/nematicide+fungicide mix (chemical treatment). Results suggest that while chemical sett treatment increased yield and hence gross margin compared with woodash, if household labour is costed then YMT is not economically viable. However, the specialist yam growers of Edeke were far more positive about the use of YMT as they tended to keep the yam seed tubers for planting rather than sell them. Thus, great care needs to be taken with planning adoption surveys on the assumption that all farmers should adopt a technology.

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B.O., Ajibola, and Fatoki P. "Adoption of Urea Deep Placement Recommended Practices among Rice Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 4 (2017): 2127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.4.72.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Farmers – Niger'

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