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Richardson, Kristina Ruth. "Crustal structure around the Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624800.
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Schuler, Juerg. "Seismic wave propagation through flood basalts and stratigraphic correlation on the Faroes shelf." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648372.
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Fängström, Britta. "Human exposure to organohalogen compounds in the Faroe Islands." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-428.
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The Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic are part of the sub-Arctic region, a remote region far from industrial activity. In spite of this remoteness, the Islands are not a sanctuary: exposures and effects of environmental pollutants mar its natural beauty and wildlife. In the Arctic regions, fish, sea mammals and seabirds have shown to contain elevated levels of the classical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as more recent POPs such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Human populations living in the Arctic regions are usually highly dependent on seafood and seabirds as food sources, and diet becomes their major source of exposures to POPs. As reported in the 1980’s, residents of the Faroe Islands were shown to have high concentrations of organohalogen substances (OHS) in their breast milk. Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) blubber and meat have been shown to be a major source of OHS exposure for some of the Faroe Islanders.
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the sources and concentrations of some POPs and their metabolites for the Faroese population. First, human milk and serum from pregnant women (mothers) and children were analyzed for PBDEs, PCBs, and polychlorinated biphenylols (OH-PCB), the major PCB metabolites. Second, POPs were measured in seabirds, i.e. PCBs in fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and guillemots (Uria algae), and PBDEs in fulmars to search for other potential sources of POPs exposure.
The results reinforce previous findings that part of the Faroe Island population is highly exposed to OHS. Median concentrations (430 ng/g lipid weight (l.w.) of CB-153) in maternal serum (1994-95) are among the highest in the world. Serum concentrations of CB-153 in children (age 7, samples collected in the early 2000’s) were approximately 90% of those in the mothers, sampled 1994-95. Similarly high CB-153 concentrations (380 ng/g l.w.) were measured in samples of mother’s milk, collected in 1999. The OH-PCB concentrations were also high in segments of the population, with 2.9 ng/g fresh weight as the sum of five OH-PCBs. Except for 4-OH-CB107, concentrations of OH-PCBs were generally lower in children than in mothers.
The ΣPBDE median concentrations in maternal serum and human milk (1999) are at the higher end of those reported in Europe, with levels of 9.5 and 8.2 ng/g l.w. respectively. ΣPBDE levels increase in human milk samples collected at three different time points (1987-1999), mainly due to increasing BDE-153 concentrations. The range of serum ΣPBDE concentrations in mothers and children are similar, although the congener patterns show differences. BDE-47 is the dominant congener in maternal serum, while BDE-153 is the major congener in children. The differences seen in PBDE congener patterns may arise differences in dates of sampling (7 years) for the two populations, maternal serum sampled in 1994-95 and children serum sampled in 2000-01, rather than from differences in uptake/metabolism or in contemporary exposures.
PCB concentrations in fulmars and pilot whales show similar ranges. In contrast, PBDE concentrations are 100 times higher in pilot whales than in fulmars. Consequently, Faroese may be especially exposed to PCBs via consumption of fulmars and fulmar eggs, while the exposure to PBDEs is less pronounced.
Results from this thesis highlight the pronounced exposures to PCBs, OH-PCBs, and PBDEs among residents of the Faroe Islands, a remote region in the Northern Atlantic far away from industrial and urban sources of pollution.
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Fängström, Britta. "Human exposure to organohalogen compounds in the Faroe Islands /." Stockholm : Department of environmental chemistry, Stockholm university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-428.
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Mitchinson, J. "Danish in the Faroe Islands : a post-colonial perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348494/.
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This thesis examines from a post-colonial perspective the position of the Danish language in Faroese society. It aims to demonstrate that post-colonial theory, which originally emerged as a methodology for literary analysis in the 1970s, offers a framework by which very different post-colonial linguistic scenarios, such as those in the Faroes and Greenland, can be analysed, compared and contrasted. In addition to established ideas within post-colonialism, from scholars such as Althusser and Spivak, three new concepts – saming, language othering and linguistic autonomy – are developed and used in the analysis of linguistic developments that have taken place on the islands since Danish was introduced. It is argued that the colonial history of the Faroes provides the most rewarding perspective for such an examination. Recurrent themes in language research on the islands, both historical and contemporary, such as Gøtudanskt, are contextualised within the post-colonial framework. Similarly, topics which have received little academic attention, such as the role of the heavily Danish-influenced Suðuroy dialect, are also analysed from this perspective. A considerable part of the investigation stems from field research (predominantly questionnaires). The thesis suggests that the Faroes constitute an atypical case within post-colonial studies due to the common cultural/linguistic heritage of the coloniser and the colonised. However, the non-standard characteristics of post-colonial Faroese society can only be fully appreciated in comparison with a ‘typical’ post-colonial society, and Greenland is proposed as this standard example. The final chapter therefore provides a comparative study between the language situations in the two societies. In addition to the introductory and concluding sections, the thesis contains five chapters, which deal with the following: theory and methodology; colonisation and the cementing of Danish into Faroese society; the field research; decolonisation and the reassessment of the position of Danish in Faroese society; and the afore-mentioned comparative study.
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Walker, Richard James. "The structural evolution of the Faroe Islands, NE Atlantic Margin." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/134/.
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The NE Atlantic margin plays host to numerous basins, developed in phases from the Devono-Carboniferous through to the Cenozoic, which record the build up to plate separation and formation of the North Atlantic Ocean. Existing models for this invoke broadly NW-SE extension within the basins, which are segmented by regional-scale NW-SE trending strike-slip lineaments, which are commonly termed ‘transfer zones’. However, there is a general paucity of information concerning the true kinematics of the so-called transfer zones. In this study, the Palaeogene and later structural evolution of the NE Atlantic margin is investigated using abundant field data collected on the Faroe Islands, and systematic observations that characterise the related deformation structures developed in the Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG). Structures in the Faroe Islands provide evidence for a 6-stage tectonic evolution, here split into 3 broad phases: (1a) E-W to NE-SW extension, accommodated by dip-slip N-S and NW-SE trending faults. Continued NE-SW extension (1b) was then accommodated by the emplacement of a regionally significant NW-SE- and NNE-SSW-oriented dyke swarm. Event 1 affects the majority of the FIBG stratigraphy, resulting in thickness variations, most notably across the Judd, Brynhild and Westray (‘transfer’) fault-zones. Continued magmatism and anticlockwise rotation of the extension vector led to (2a) the emplacement of ENE-WSW and ESE-WNW conjugate dykes, followed by intrusion of the large, saucer-shaped sills on the islands. Their intrusion heralded the onset of N-S crustal extension and was followed by (2b) crustal extrusion involving both E-W shortening and further N-S extension facilitated primarily by slip on ENE-WSW (dextral) and ESE-WNW (sinistral) conjugate strike-slip faults, interlinked with minor NE and SW dipping thrust faults. During the final stages of this event (2c), the regional extension vector rotated into a NW-SE orientation that was accommodated predominantly by slip along NE-SW oriented dextral-oblique-slip faults. Event 2 began towards the end of magmatism associated with the FIBG, and most likely continued through to the onset of oceanic-spreading on the Aegir ridge (ca. 55 Ma). Finally, (3) Event 1 and 2 structures were reactivated as extension and extensional-hybrid features, characterised best by the entrainment of clastic material along fault planes. Relative timings of Event 3 structures suggest they formed during a period of compression and uplift following the formation of a through-going mid-ocean ridge system (i.e. on the Reykjanes, Kolbeinsey and Mohns ridges). The progressive anticlockwise rotation of the extension vector identified here is broadly consistent with the most recent NE Atlantic continental break-up reconstructions. Importantly, this model does not require basin-scale transfer zones during the Palaeogene, suggesting instead that these NW-SE faults formed as normal faults during a pre-cursor margin-parallel extension episode (Event 1) prior to the onset of oceanic spreading in the Faroe-Iceland sector. This study emphasises the importance of carrying out detailed field studies in addition to the more usual regional-scale modelling studies, in order to validate and add further detail to basin kinematic histories. Mineralised syn- to post-magmatic fault sets display a recurring zeolite-calcite-zeolite trend in mineralisation products, which precipitate during successive phases of fault development during each individual event. Fault style and damage zone width appear to be related to the stage of fault development, with early fault/vein meshes linking to form through-going structures with associated damage zones. Dykes and sills are found to form their own fractures, rather than exploiting pre-existing sets. Dyke propagation appears to be buoyancy-driven, with magmatic pressure overcoming the minimum compressive stress. Sills, however, most likely seeded at an interface in the stratigraphy between a weak, more ductile material (i.e. a sedimentary horizon), and a rigid material (i.e. basalt lavas) above. Following this initial development, sill growth and propagation would likely be controlled by viscous dissipation, leading to the complex ramp and flat architecture, with rapid intrusion resulting in upward ramping of the sill. The alternation from fault events, to dyke events and back again corresponds to a switch from faulting with mineralisation along extensional hybrid veins, to magmatic intrusions into extension fractures followed by extensional hybrids (conjugates), and back to extensional and shear hybrid faults (again as conjugates). This alternation reflects variations in the differential regional stress, as well as the magmatic evolution of the margin, and most likely relates to the migration of lithospheric thinning northwestwards across the area, towards the eventual axis of break-up. We find that, in particular, faults in basalts are in many ways comparable to faults formed at shallow crustal depths in carbonate rocks and crystalline basement, most likely reflecting the similarities in their mechanical properties under near-surface pressures and temperatures. The nature and style of the post-magmatic fault infills provides compelling evidence to suggest that subterranean cavities associated with faults were persistent open features within the FIBG. Structures equivalent to these late, clastic-filled faults of the Faroes may occur in other parts of the NE Atlantic margin, particularly along the axes of gentle regional-scale folds that are widely developed in the region. The late fault displacements observed are all well below seismic resolution, and such structures may be more widespread across the region than previously anticipated. Importantly, the probable unsealed nature of the clastic infills makes them potential fluid-migration pathways, both up- and across-faults within the Cenozoic volcanic sequences of the NE Atlantic region.
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Fischer, Frances J. "A comparison of ballads in Scotland and the Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22215.
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That Scandinavian ballads are somewhat similar to Scottish ballads is one of the standard beliefs of ballad study. Yet another is that ballads diffuse across geographic and linguistic frontiers. This thesis seeks to examine these tenets in terms of examples from the Faroe Islands and from Scotland. The Faroe Islands are chosen for geographic and linguistic reasons. Although they are a dependency of Denmark, they lie geographically much closer to Scotland. Since they shared a West Scandinavian language with the Scottish islands of Shetland and Orkney for almost a thousand years these islands are considered as a possible cultural bridge between the Scottish and Faroese ballad communities. The organisation of material is in terms of the history of a shared culture and language with examples of surviving Norn ballad texts from the Shetland Islands and possible parallels in Scotland and Scandinavia; a brief overview of continued contact after the political separation of 1468-69; a comparative history of ballad collection; a summary of ballads deemed to be parallel and a deeper examination of selected ballad pairs. Since the extensive Faroese ballad corpus is little known in Scotland, considerable attention is also given to the different types of Faroese ballads and their function in tradition.
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Lunnon, Zoë Clare. "Seismic survey of the continental margin northeast of the Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615253.
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Lewis, Olivia Jane. "Investigations of crustal structure at the Faroes continental margin using multi-channel seismic and ocean bottom seismometer data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607912.
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Lind, Ewa. "Towards an Early Holocene Tephrochronology for the Faroe Islands: Methodology and first results." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62890.
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The uncertainties regarding future climate change have put considerable notice to the climate variability following the Late Glacial-Holocene transition (ca. 13-9 ka BP) in the North Atlantic region as well as the forcing mechanisms behind climate changes. Much attention has focused on short climate events in order to understand the mechanisms that drove these changes but also to identify the leads and lags in the climate system. Chronological uncertainties for these events remain but an accurate chronological framework for the North Atlantic region would enhance possibilities to solve some of the chronological questions. Tephrochronology uses volcanic ash from a volcanic eruption which creates a marker horizon in marine and lake sediments, peat bogs and glacier ice as the ash is spread over large areas. These time-parallel markers allow precise correlations between archives. The purpose of this thesis is to improve and refine the Early Holocene tephrochronological framework with focus on dating and identification of new and previously known tephra horizons on the Faroe Islands, especially around the climatic events of the Preboreal Oscillation (11,300-11,100 cal. yr BP), the Erdalen events (10,100-10,050 and 10,000-9800 cal. yr BP) and the 9.3 ka BP event. A second goal is to develop the methodology of tephrochronology for finding cryptotephra (not visible by the eye) horizons in lacustrine sediments. The findings of eight tephra horizons spanning ca. 11,350 to 9700 cal yr BP where three are known from other locations in Europe show the potential of tephrochronology for linking records across the North Atlantic region. Refined ages for the Askja-S and Hässeldalen tephra were obtained from an age model built on eight AMS radiocarbon ages with the Saksunarvatn ash as a constrained age. The results from using XRF ITRAX core scanner to locate tephra in lacustrine sediments illustrate that high concentrations of basaltic tephra could be captured but not lower concentrations of rhyolitic shards.
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Kočovská, Eva. "A population study of risk factors for autism spectrum disorders in the Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5555/.
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Objectives: To study autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Faroe Islands, including prevalence, diagnostic stability and environmental factors that are potentially involved in the aetiology of autism. Method: I. The target group was recruited from the entire population sample of participants with ASD during a two-phase screening and diagnostic process of the entire Faroe Islands population in the relevant school age group born between 1985-1994 (7-16 years, n=7,689) in 2002 and again in 2009 (15-24 years, n= 7,128) using an independent clinical diagnosis and standardised tools. II. The diagnostic stability of ASD from childhood to early adulthood over a period of 7 years compared diagnoses in 2002 and 2009. III. A literature search of vitamin D and ASD covering the period from January 1 1995 to October 31 2011 was carried out. IV. A pilot study involved questioning 20 mothers of young individuals from the target group and 13 mothers of healthy comparisons, regarding mothers’ diet habits, health, life-style and well-being during their pregnancy with an index child. V. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels were examined in a population based cross-sectional study that involved 219 individuals: 40 participants with a diagnosis of ASD from the target group (31 males/9 females), their 62 typically developing siblings (29 brothers/33 sisters), their 77 parents (40 mothers/37 fathers), and 40 healthy comparisons (28 males/12 females). Results: I. The rate of ASD rose significantly from 0.56% (n=43) in 2002 to 0.93% (n=66) in 2009. Although these results were still within the range of typical findings from other studies, of the 24 newly discovered cases in 2009 nearly half were females thus altering the male/female ratio from 6/1 to 2.7/1. II. The stability of clinical ASD diagnosis was perfect for AD, good for “atypical autism”/PDD-NOS, and less than perfect for Asperger syndrome (AS). Stability of the diagnoses made by means of research tools were more variable but still good for AD. Both systems showed excellent stability over the seven-year period for “any ASD” diagnosis, although a number of clear cases (especially in females) had been missed in the original screening in 2002. These results support the notion that a single overarching diagnostic category, ‘autism’ or ASD, would better suit clinical realities as outlined in the new DSM-5. III. The systematic review (in 2010) provided some, albeit very limited, support for the possible role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of ASD: there are three main areas of involvement of vitamin D in the human body that could potentially have direct impact on the development of ASD: (1) the brain, (2) gene regulation and (3) the immune system. The prevalence of ASD has been suggested to be raised at higher latitudes. IV. Mothers of individuals with ASD had had during their pregnancy significantly less positive “attitude to sun” (p=0.001), consumed fewer vegetables (p=0.026) and also less fruit (p=0.078). V. The ASD case group had significantly lower 25(OH)D3 levels (24.8 nmol/L) than their typically-developing siblings (42.6 nmol/L, p<0.001) and their parents (44.9 nmol/L, p<0.001), and also significantly lower than healthy age and gender matched comparisons (37.6 nmol/L, p=0.002). There was a trend for males having lower 25(OH)D3 levels than females. There was no association between vitamin D and age, month/season of birth, IQ or subcategories of ASD. Among the ASD group, 60% were severely deficient (<30 nmol/L) and 84.2% of the whole study sample (n=219) had deficient/insufficient levels (<50/<75 nmol/L). Conclusions: I. ASD prevalence in the Faroe Islands increased from 0.56% in 2002 to 0.93% in 2009 mainly due to missed cases in 2002, nearly half of them females. II. There was diagnostic stability for the overall category of ASD over time in the group diagnosed in childhood (7—16) years, but considerable variability with regards to diagnostic sub-groupings. Diagnosing females require novel approach. III. Vitamin D deficiency–either during pregnancy or early childhood–may be an environmental trigger for ASD in individuals genetically predisposed to the broad phenotype of autism. IV. There are some interesting differences in the diet and life-style habits between mothers with a child with ASD and mothers with a healthy child. The ASD-group’s negative “attitude to sun” may indicate some life-style/health differences which may play a role in pathogenesis of ASD, especially in combination with other environmental risk factors. V. The present study, demonstrating an association between low levels of 25(OH)D3 and ASD, is the first to be based in a total population and to use siblings, parents and general population control groups. It adds to similar findings from other regions of the world, indicating vitamin D deficiency in the population and especially in individuals with ASD. As all groups were exposed to low levels of sunlight, the very low 25(OH)D3 in the ASD group suggests that some other underlying pathogenic mechanism may be involved.
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Borthwick, Douglas MacDonald. "The timing and impact of the Norse Landnám on the vegetation of Hovsdalur, Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446580.
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The North Atlantic Islands, which include the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland, have a comparatively recent settlement history, with colonisation (landnám) taking place at a probable date of c. AD 800-1000, during the Norse migration period. The timing and magnitude of the impacts of these settlers on the vegetation and landscape of Hovsdalur, Suduroy, Faroe Islands, is investigated with the use of palynology and sedimentological analyses of five peat sections and two soil profiles. Of particular interest in this study was the dating of landnám, given the ongoing debate about the possible origins and timing of the arrival of the first settlers. Optimising techniques for the detection of cereal-type pollen in addition to high resolution sampling and radiocarbon dating were used in order to try and precisely detect the first impacts of settlers. The study presents palynological evidence of landnám between the dates of c. 1600 to 1300 cal. yr BP (c. AD 355-655), which is earlier than the traditionally held date but not inconsistent with previous palynological studies. It is accepted that a consistent dating error may account for the apparent early evidence of settlement - an issue which is compounded by the propensity of the Faroese environment to present an analogue for anthropogenic contexts in sediments dating prior to landnám. The transhumance-based economy on which the Norse relied generated vegetation changes associated with both grazing and cultivation, which are evident in each pollen record from the current study. The clearest signal is for grazing impacts which reduce tall-herb communities, trees, shrubs and later also the heaths, in favour of more extensive grassland environments.
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Meder, Magdalena. "An analysis of how consumers experience virtual tours : A virtual tour of the Faroe Islands." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-38180.
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When the whole world was in lockdown and tourism was at a standstill due to the COVID19-pandemic, the Faroe Islands found an alternative way to let people experience their destination. They started the “Remote tourism” campaign which offered live virtual tours where users from all over the world could navigate the locals who were equipped with GoPro cameras on their helmets. But how satisfying can such an experience be? How do users experience virtual tours? And how do such virtual tours promote the willingness to visit a destination? This study aimed at answering those questions by conducting semi-structured interviews with members of Generation Y. The participants of the interview watched the recorded versions of the virtual tours offered by Visit Faroe Islands and were asked about their experience. There are different factors for a satisfying tourism experience, namely presence/telepresence, enjoyment, involvement, and flow. The results showed that these factors were also relevant to the virtual tourism experience. However, the virtual tours were experienced differently by different participants and the results cannot be generalized. Yet, this will likely be the case for the traditional tourism experience as well. The same tourism experience will be perceived differently by every individual. The results also showed that the virtual tours did promote the willingness to visit the Faroe Islands for the majority of participants – or it did not change to the worse at least.
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Hammer, Sjurdur. "The use of eggs and diet of great skuas as biomonitors in the Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8649/.
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Petersen, Petra Elisabeth. "An investigation of genetic and reproductive differences between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod (Gadus morhua L.)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21613.
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The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) fishery is of great economic importance to the Faroese economy. There are two separately managed cod stocks around the Faroe Islands, the Faroe Plateau and the Faroe Bank cod. Both have experienced dramatic decreases in size and informed management decisions are vital for both stock viability and exploitation. The stocks are geographically isolated by an 800 m deep channel and water temperatures are on average 1 – 2 ºC higher on the Faroe Bank than on the Faroe Plateau. There are clear phenotypic differences between the stocks; in particular, the markedly higher growth rate for the Faroe Bank cod has caught public and scientific attention. There is continuing debate regarding the relative importance of genetics and environmental contributions to the contrasting phenotypes. Analyses of reproductive parameters (field data and experimental captive spawnings) as well as analyses of microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were undertaken to better resolve the issue. Field data as well as data from experimental captive spawnings provided evidence of reproductive differences between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod. Peak spawning occurred earlier on the Faroe Plateau than on the Faroe Bank and this difference in timing of spawning was maintained in captivity. In particular, differences in sizes of eggs (average diameters of 1.40 and 1.30 mm for Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod eggs, respectively) and indirect evidence of greater volumes spawned by the Faroe Bank females suggested stock differences with respect to egg size – egg number trade-off. It was hypothesised that the strategy adopted by cod on the Faroe Bank, with a higher number of smaller eggs, evolved in response to a more hostile environment (bare seabed and higher exposure to predators) experienced by early life stages in this area. Experimental captive spawnings with Faroe Bank cod showed a large interfamily skew in survival rates of cod eggs and fry. Egg size was identified as a useful indicator of survival rates in the egg stage, but egg survival rates could not be used to predict viability in later developmental stages, thus highlighting the importance of employing some sort of genetic monitoring of cod fry to ensure sufficient family representation in the progeny. While no tank effect was evident concerning fry survival, a significant tank effect was identified concerning body sizes of fry. Microsatellite data were analysed using large sample sizes of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod with the Faroe Plateau divided into two locations, Faroe Plateau North-East and Faroe Plateau West (cod from each of the two were known to belong to separate spawning grounds). Two Norwegian coastal cod samples were included as outlier populations. While no genetic differentiation was detected between the two Faroe Plateau locations, these analyses revealed a detectable, albeit relatively modest, degree of genetic differentiation between cod from the Faroe Plateau and the Faroe Bank (FST = 0.0014 and 0.0018; DJost_EST = 0.0027 and 0.0048; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001 for the Faroe Plateau North-East – Faroe Bank and the Faroe Plateau West – Faroe Bank comparisons). These values were several times smaller than those between Faroese and Norwegian coastal cod (pairwise FST and DJost_EST values in the range of 0.0061 – 0.0137 and 0.0158 – 0.0386, respectively). Despite recent reductions in census population sizes for Faroe Plateau and, particularly, Faroe Bank cod, genetic diversity estimates were comparable to the ones observed for Norwegian coastal cod and there was no evidence of significant genetic bottlenecks. Lastly, data for one of the markers (Gmo132) indicated genotype-dependent vertical distribution of cod (as investigated for Faroe Plateau North-East cod). Contrary to some previously published studies, analysis of SNPs of two candidate genes for adaptive divergence, the hemoglobin gene Hb-ß1 and the transferrin gene Tf1, failed to detect differentiation between samples of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod analysed in this thesis. Of 3533 novel SNPs simultaneously discovered and genotyped by restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing, 58 showed evidence of genetic differentiation between Faroe Plateau North-East and Faroe Bank cod (P < 0.05). No single locus was fixed for different alleles between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod. A set of eight informative SNPs (FST values between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank samples > 0.25; P < 0.0005) were selected for validation in larger samples, that included cod from both Faroe Plateau areas and the Faroe Bank as well as Norwegian coastal and White Sea cod. Six out of the eight loci amplified successfully with a PCR-based method and there was 100 % concordance between genotypes of individuals screened by both techniques. Due to ascertainment bias, the SNPs should only be applied with caution in a broader geographical context. Nonetheless, these SNPs did confirm the genetic substructure suggested for Faroese cod by microsatellite analyses. While no genetic differentiation was evident between the two Faroe Plateau locations, significant genetic differentiation was evident between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod at five of the SNPs (FST values in the range of 0.0383 – 0.1914). This panel of five SNPs could confidently be used to trace groups of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod to their population of origin. In conclusion, multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod are truly two genetically distinct populations. While the findings contribute to a broader understanding of the biology and the genetics of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod, the novel SNPs developed may provide a valuable resource for potential future demands of i.e. genetic stock identification methods.
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Hansen, Jógvan. "Petrogenetic evolution, geometries and intrusive styles of the early Cenozoic saucer-shaped sills of the Faroe Islands." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3631/.
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Geometries of sills intruded into the lava pile of the Faroe Island Basalt Group (FIBG), which were targeted in this study, were mostly recorded by conventional mapping methods where measured distances and positions were plotted onto accurate topographic maps aided by the use of high-quality photos of relevant outcrops. These data were subsequently used to manually plot 2D profiles along selected tracks and to produce electronic 3D maps using ArcGIS software. The general geometries of the investigated sills, measured at lateral scales ranging from a few metres to a few kilometres and at vertical scales ranging from a few metres to a few hundred metres, differ somewhat from typical sill geometries reported previously for sills intruded into sedimentary successions. The ubiquitous saucer-shapes of the sills from this study, which generally curve upwards in a gradual manner from inner sub-horizontal sections to steeper outer margins, contrast with the common angular transitions from inner sub-horizontal to outer steeper sections of sills reported from sedimentary host-rocks. In this thesis we explore possible alternatives to already existing theories on sill emplacement in sedimentary successions. Major and trace element compositions for samples representing most of the sills exposed in the Faroe Islands have been determined by means of XRF and ICP-MS analyses. Geochemically most of these sills can be grouped into two main categories characterised either by high or by low TiO2 contents. Different sorts/types of metasomatism of source rocks to high-TiO2 versus low-TiO2 sills are indicated by different Nb and Ta anomalies. Modelling by means of REE and other trace elements suggest that much of the compositional differences between these two main categories can be explained by various degrees of partial melting of broadly similar mantle sources. Additional fractionation and accumulation of plagioclase modified some of the melts that gave rise to the actual sills. The initial partial melting event probably occurred at depths slightly shallower than the lower limit of the garnet stability field at ~85 km while plagioclase crystallisation/accumulation most likely occurred at depths shallower than ~18 km. Isotopic compositions may point to very slight contamination of some sills with crustal material.
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Millett, John Michael. "Geochemical stratigraphy and correlation within the Faroe Islands Basalt Group with developments in the analysis of large igneous province deposits from well data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215221.
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Justinussen, Jens Christian Svabo. "Sustainable management : a question of time : a temporal approach to the overfishing problem based on a case study of fishery in the Faroe Islands." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708209.
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Billstedt, Eva. "Children with autism grow up : use of the DISCO (Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders) in population cohorts /." Göteborg : [Eva Billstedt] : Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2576.
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Laňová, Milena. "Dánsko a jeho obchodní a kulturní specifika." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11174.
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The thesis provides an insight into Danish culture and society. First chapter is dealing with the general characteristics of Denmark and its economic situation. Furthermore, it includes brief history. Following chapter introduces Danish culture and the values of the society. The cultural standards are divided into cultural dimensions, introduced by Hofstede, and compared to the Czech cultural standards. Danish business culture as well as business negotiation style is subject to third chapter. The chapter also provides information about consumer behaviour in Denmark. The last chapter introduces the results of a survey made.
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Singleton, Benedict E. "From the sea to the land beyond : exploring plural perspectives on whaling." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52869.
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A perennial challenge in efforts to deal with environmental issues is the question of how to simplify. As such, where and when one simplifies is often a source of conflict, but perversely also paramount to finding a solution. This thesis focuses on one long-standing environmental issue, the whaling debate. Specifically, it performs a strategically sited microethnography of Faroese whaling, grindadráp, exploring linkages between actions on local and international scales. This thesis aims to contribute to environmental sociological efforts to analyse and resolve complex socio-environmental problems. The five papers that together constitute this thesis collectively provide a description of grindadráp from the local scale of the bays where pilot whales are killed to the international forums where whaling as a whole remains an issue at the heart of an on-going, deadlocked conflict. Primarily based on three months’ fieldwork in the Faroe Islands, this thesis combines observation, interviews, media and other literature. The theoretical lenses employed are that of the ‘ontological turn’ and the ‘theory of sociocultural viability’ (cultural theory). The former utilised as a tool for ethnographic practice with the latter used to analyse how different perspectives on reality manifest throughout the whaling conflict. This thesis demonstrates that grindadráp has changed through time as a result of the interactions between actors with different views on the matter at hand. However, in contrast to the global whaling debate, this interaction has been mostly constructive, with appropriate changes in practice ensuring grindadráp’s continued popularity within the Faroe Islands. Furthermore, its continuation will likely depend on grindadráp’s continued ability to balance different perspectives. This thesis thus echoes environmental sociological calls for improved dialogue in the framing and resolution of environmental disputes, suggesting that cultural theory provides a tool that balances relativism and pragmatism in dealing with complex environmental problems.
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Lindquist, Ole. "Whales, dolphins and porpoises in the economy and culture of peasant fishermen in Norway, Orkney, Shetland, Faroe Islands and Iceland, ca.900-1900 A.D., and Norse Greenland, ca.1000-1500 A.D." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2953.
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By way of introduction the thesis considers Norse whaling history, in general, concepts like 'whaling tradition', 'whaling culture', and describes the approach to the divers studies of cetaceans in Norse peasant fisherman economy and culture and of Norse whaling techniques, ca 900-1900 AD. It is argued that the Icelandic littoral and inshore regime reflects the primordial Norse regime in which property zones on land are 'mirrored' in the littoral and the sea; furthermore, that the Orcadian-Shetlandic Udal ebb limit is not Norse in origin. Norse mediaeval cetology and popular views about real and fictitious whales are studied. Many whales are identified, including the now extinct North Atlantic gray whale is positively identified as previously well-known to, and hunted by, the the Icelanders. It is argued that traditional Norse whale measures in 'ells' are not exaggerated extent measures but often exact appraisement sums, using a unit called *hvalsalin ('whale ell'). Few ritual aspects are found but in West Norway peasant fisherman apparently sustained, into the 19th century, -a tradition of sacrificing whale tails to the old Norse god Njörör. Mediaeval and early modern Norwegian whale traps are discussed and land rise suggested as one reason for their disappearance. A technical and linguistic analysis demonstrates that mediaeval Norse whaling with piercing weapons, rather than being hand harpoon tow whaling, was spear whaling which continued in Norway until 1870 and in Iceland to the mid 1890s. Spear whaling explains the elaborate Icelandic system of registrating whaling shot marks and partly the wide 'driftage zone' of coastal estates there. Spearing and arrowing caused clostridium infection in the whales which usually died in a matter of days after which some were recovered. It is also argued that gaffing of larger cetaceans constitutes a separate whaling method. The Appendix contains numerous calendars and sources in the original, including transcriptions of parts of the 'Icelandic fishlore' by Jon Ölafsson frä Grunnavik, 1737, and the whole treatise by Andreas Christie, 'Account of the whaling in Sotra district', West Norway, from 1785/86, all with tentative English translations and summaries.
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Cussans, Julia E. "Changes in the size and shape of domestic mammals across the North Atlantic region over time. The effects of environment and economy on bone growth of livestock from the Neolithic to the Post Medieval period with particular reference to the Scandinavian expansion westwards." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5734.
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A large database of domestic mammal bone measurements from sites across Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland is presented. The reasons for variations in bone growth of domestic ungulates are examined in detail; nutrition is identified as a key factor in the determination of adult bone size and shape. Possible sources of variation in bone size in both time and space in the North Atlantic region are identified. Four hypotheses are proposed; firstly that bone dimensions, particularly breadth, will decrease with increasing latitude in the study region; secondly that higher status sites will raise larger livestock than lower status sites within the same time period and region; thirdly the size of domestic mammals in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland will increase in the Later Iron Age, possibly in relation to increased fodder supply; finally at times of environmental degradation (climatic and/or landscape) domestic mammal size will decrease. The latitude hypothesis could only be partly upheld; there is no evidence for increased size with site status; a small increase in size is noted at some Scottish Iron Age sites and varying results are found for the environmental degradation hypothesis. The results are discussed with particular reference to how changes in the skeletal proportions of domestic mammals affect their human carers and beneficiaries. The potential of further expanding the dataset and integrating biometrical data with other forms of evidence to create a powerful tool for the examination of economic and environmental changes at archaeological sites is discussed.The Division of AGES (University of Bradford), the Andy Jagger Fund (University of Bradford), the Francis Raymond Hudson Fund (University of Bradford), the Viking Society, the Prehistoric Society, SYNTHESIS and the Paddy Coker Research Fund (Biogeographical Society)
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Cussans, Julia Elise. "Changes in the size and shape of domestic mammals across the North Atlantic region over time : the effects of environment and economy on bone growth of livestock from the Neolithic to the post-medieval period, with particular reference to the Scandinavian expansion westwards." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5734.
Full textAbstract:
A large database of domestic mammal bone measurements from sites across Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland is presented. The reasons for variations in bone growth of domestic ungulates are examined in detail; nutrition is identified as a key factor in the determination of adult bone size and shape. Possible sources of variation in bone size in both time and space in the North Atlantic region are identified. Four hypotheses are proposed; firstly that bone dimensions, particularly breadth, will decrease with increasing latitude in the study region; secondly that higher status sites will raise larger livestock than lower status sites within the same time period and region; thirdly the size of domestic mammals in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland will increase in the Later Iron Age, possibly in relation to increased fodder supply; finally at times of environmental degradation (climatic and/or landscape) domestic mammal size will decrease. The latitude hypothesis could only be partly upheld; there is no evidence for increased size with site status; a small increase in size is noted at some Scottish Iron Age sites and varying results are found for the environmental degradation hypothesis. The results are discussed with particular reference to how changes in the skeletal proportions of domestic mammals affect their human carers and beneficiaries. The potential of further expanding the dataset and integrating biometrical data with other forms of evidence to create a powerful tool for the examination of economic and environmental changes at archaeological sites is discussed.
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Shaw, Felicia M. J. "Seismic properties of Faroe Island basalts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d818620-30c9-441b-a5db-6a2944e025b6.
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The Faroe Islands are part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province and comprise three subaerially erupted basalt formations: the Upper, Middle and Lower Series. Vertical VSP data, core data and wireline log data, acquired in two boreholes, were the basis for studying the seismic attenuation properties of Faroe Island basalts. Over a restricted bandwidth of 40 - 150 Hz, mean Q in Glyvursnes is estimated to be ~ 25. There is evidence that Q increases with depth, corresponding with a transition from the Upper to Middle Basalt Series. Over 20 - 500 Hz, mean Q in Vestmanna is also estimated to be ~ 25, appearing constant over the full VSP interval. 1-D scattering is likely to be significant only in the upper section of Glyvursnes, where the Upper Basalt Series occurs. In Vestmanna and the lower Glyvursnes section, 1-D scattering Q is substantially higher than effective Q derived from the VSP data. 1-D scattering in basalts is found to be a frequency-dependent phenomenon, linked to periodicity in velocity structure. Analyses of log data reveal that geological factors exert primary controls on multifractal character. Multifractality tends to diminish 1-D scattering effects by disrupting the resonance of periodic velocity structures. 1-D multifractality does not give a clear indication of 2-D / 3-D heterogeneity, and synthetic multifractals must be used with caution in basalt modelling studies. Field observations suggest that 3-D heterogeneity mainly arises from variable morphology of pahoehoe flows, which have low-velocity vesiculated crusts and high-velocity cores. However, pahoehoe-based models appear to produce less 3-D scattering with increasing structural variation. Overall, 1-D and 3-D scattering cannot fully account for the high attenuation in field data. Hence, while evidence for the necessary fluid flow is inconclusive, indications are that intrinsic attenuation may be a significant component of energy dissipation in Faroe Island basalts.
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Passey, Simon Richard. "The volcanic and sedimentary evolution of the Faeroe plateau lava group, Faeroe Islands and Faeroe-Shetland Basin, NE Atlantic." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3504/.
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Geochemical analysis of the volcanic interval in Well 214/4-1, Faeroe-Shetland Basin, has enabled a correlation to the Lower Basalt Formation of the Faeroe Islands, ca. 240 km to the W. The volcanic interval consists of a ca. 450 m thick sequence of hyaloclastites, which are overlain by a ca. 50 m thick subaerial lava sequence. This volcanic interval is interpreted to have formed at a palaeoshoreline environment, where subaerial lavas flowed from the land surface into a substantial body of water at least 450 m deep (i.e. the Faeroe-Shetland Basin at that time), resulting in the quenching and fragmentation of magma to product the hyaloclastities. Well 214/4-1 is <50 km to the SE of the Faeroe-Shetland Escarpment, which has previously been interpreted as a hyaloclastite delta, thus implying that there a number of unrecognised hyaloclastite units within the Faeroe-Shetland Basin and that the coastline was steadily encroaching W/NW, towards the Faeroe Islands during the volcanic interval. The overlying ca. 10 m thick Coal-bearing Formation (CBF) represents a significant hiatus in the volcanic activity at the end of LBF times. Erosion and subsidence of the lava field led to the development of an expansive lacustrine environment, which resulted in the accumulation of plant material and associated detritus and chemical sediments, mainly ironstones, and the formation of mineable coal seams. Petrographic and geochemical analysis of siderite spherules within the ironstone beds from two localities on Suðuroy have helped to define margin- and centre of-lake environments, at least 10 km apart. Contemporaneous fluviatile lithologies in West Suðuroy are composed of reworked palagonitised tephra, basalt lava clasts and plant material.
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Pérez, de Arévalo López Fco Javier. "Los faros de las islas Baleares durante los conflictos bélicos contemporáneos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84109.
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Trabajo de investigación que aborda la historia y evolución de los faros del archipiélago balear, desde el punto de vista tecnológico, administrativo y corporativo, con especial atención al papel desempeñado durante los conflictos bélicos contemporáneos. Representa el estudio
pormenorizado del Archivo Histórico de Señales Marítimas del faro de Portopí.
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Guimarães, Ricardo dos Santos. "A arqueologia em sítios submersos: estudo do sítio depositário da enseada da praia do Farol da ilha do Bom Abrigo - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-01032010-164713/.
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Menos estudados que os sítios de naufrágios, porém não menos importantes, os sítios depositários são notáveis fontes de documentação arqueológica. A Enseada da Praia do Farol da Ilha do Bom Abrigo, localizada no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, é um ótimo ancoradouro natural, um sítio depositário por excelência formado a partir da utilização social desse pequeno espaço geográfico. Esse processo de utilização-ocupação, de longa duração, vem ocorrendo desde o início do século XVI e é o principal responsável pela formação do registro arqueológico submerso. Adotando método de pesquisa com utilização de técnicas pouco interventivas, o que se mostrou bastante eficaz, conseguiu-se buscar, registrar e identificar diversos artefatos submersos, perdidos ou descartados, no leito da enseada. A partir dos achados foi possível realizar diversas inferências a cerca da relação existente entre o homem e esse ancoradouro não edificado, mas totalmente inserido na história da navegação feita ao longo da costa sul paulista.Less studied than the shipwreck sites, however not less important, the depository sites are remarkable sources of archaeological documentation. The Cove of the Lighthouse Beach in Bom Abrigo Island, located on the south coast of São Paulo state, is a excellent natural anchorage, a depository site par excellent, formed from the social use of the small geographical space. This process of \"use-occupation\", of long duration, has been occurring since the beginning of 16 th century and plays the main responsible of formation of the archaeology submerged record. Adopting method of research with minimally intrusive techniques, which demonstrated effective result, was able to search, to register, and to identify various sunk artifacts, loss or discarded, in the bottom of the cove. From the findings, inferences could then be made regarding the relationship between man and this not built maritime anchorage, but fully inserted in the history of navigation made along of the south coast of São Paulo.
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Dufeu, Valerie. "Human ecodynamics in the North Atlantic : environmental and interdisciplinary reconstructions of the emergence of fish trade in Iceland and the Faeroes, c.800-1480." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3652.
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Over the past two decades, environmental history as an approach to the understanding and explanation of historical processes has become gradually fashionable amongst academics; empirical data collected over the North Atlantic proposed new trends with regards to economic patterns during the Viking Age. The increasing number of Viking Age sites exposed in Iceland, the amount of zooarchaeological collections highlighting an abundant presence of fish bones in the overall archaeofauna, together with one’s expertise in environmental history as well as a strong interest in socio-economic development during the Viking Age and medieval periods were many factors which help identify strengths and weaknesses with regards to the understanding of the emergence of commercial fish trade in Iceland, and to a lesser extent, the Faeroe Islands. The thesis proposes a new theory with regards to human adaptation to new environments, and subsequent economic developments based on the commercial exploitation of fish. The interdisciplinary aspect of this project using cultural sediment analysis and zooarchaeology, as well as concepts from anthropology and economic anthropology, allows for the theory to be tested by empirical data.
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Zheng, Yi-Lun, and 鄭伊倫. "Fairness for the Air Fare Subsidies of Offshore Island Inhabitants." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53000360384830504422.
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碩士開南大學
空運管理學系
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The aim of the transportation subsidy is to satisfy the essential requirements of remote offshore island inhabitants. The social and economic situation among islands are very different, so the fairness of the air fare subsidy for inhabitants in different islands becomes an important issue. In order to discuss the appropriate subsidy ratio among islands, some factors— such as population, income, education and medical treatment— are introduced into a proposed framework of subsidy fairness. Cross analysis with the transportation connection to Taiwan Island is followed implemented. General speaking, the air fare subsidy ratio for inhabitants living in Lienchiang and Wangan should be higher than other districts by the reason of the shortage of the educative and medical resource.