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STEWART, M. T., A. MOUSLEY, B. KOUBKOVÁ, š. šEBELOVÁ, N. J. MARKS, and D. W. HALTON. "Gross anatomy of the muscle systems and associated innervation of Apatemon cobitidis proterorhini metacercaria (Trematoda: Strigeidea), as visualized by confocal microscopy." Parasitology 126, no. 3 (March 2003): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002780.
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The major muscle systems of the metacercaria of the strigeid trematode, Apatemon cobitidis proterorhini have been examined using phalloidin as a site-specific probe for filamentous actin. Regional differences were evident in the organization of the body wall musculature of the forebody and hindbody, the former comprising outer circular, intermediate longitudinal and inner diagonal fibres, the latter having the inner diagonal fibres replaced with an extra layer of more widely spaced circular muscle. Three orientations of muscle fibres (equatorial, meridional, radial) were discernible in the oral sucker, acetabulum and paired lappets. Large longitudinal extensor and flexor muscles project into the hindbody where they connect to the body wall or end blindly. Innervation to the muscle systems of Apatemon was examined by immunocytochemistry, using antibodies to known myoactive substances: the flatworm FMRFamide-related neuropeptide (FaRP), GYIRFamide, and the biogenic amine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Strong immunostaining for both peptidergic and serotoninergic components was found in the central nervous system and confocal microscopic mapping of the distribution of these neuroactive substances revealed they occupied separate neuronal pathways. In the peripheral nervous system, GYIRFamide-immunoreactivity was extensive and, in particular, associated with the innervation of all attachment structures; serotoninergic fibres, on the other hand, were localized to the oral sucker and pharynx and to regions along the anterior margins of the forebody.
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Rogatnev, Yu M. "Organization of land use in a market economy." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 5 (April 19, 2021): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2105-05.
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The influence of the forms of ownership of land and organizational and legal forms of management on the system of on-farm organization of land use is considered. The unified and isolated systems of land use organization and its influence on the solution of individual land management problems are substantiated. The content of the stages of land management is shown depending on the organization of the land and property complex in agricultural organizations.
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Barbercheck, Mary, Kathryn Brasier, Nancy Ellen Kiernan, Carolyn Sachs, and Amy Trauger. "Use of conservation practices by women farmers in the Northeastern United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 1 (November 28, 2012): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000348.
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AbstractWomen are the fastest growing segment of farm operators in the United States, comprising approximately 14% of principal operators and 30% of all operators of the nation's 2.2 million farms. Although several studies have examined the adoption of conservation practices by farmers, no study of which we are aware has focused on the use of conservation practices among women farmers in the US. Therefore, in 2008, we conducted a survey of women farmers in the Northeast US to better understand their use of conservation practices, and how their use is affected by demographic and farm characteristics, and membership in agricultural organizations and networks. We examined the practices related to the type of agricultural organizations, including commodity producer organizations, general farm organizations, women's groups associated with general farm or commodity organizations, farm women's organizations, and sustainable/organic agriculture organizations. Over 85% of the 815 respondents belonged to at least one organization. The most common organizations reported were sustainable/organic agriculture organizations (53.5%) and general farm organizations (50.8%). About one-third of respondents belonged to commodity-based organizations. The states with organized women farmers' networks—Pennsylvania, Maine and Vermont—represented more than half of them. Members of women's and sustainable or organic agriculture organizations tended to be younger, have less farming experience, and to have received more formal agricultural education than did members of commodity-based, general farm and women's agricultural groups within general farm organizations. Our results indicate that organizational membership and participation provide critical networks that support and reinforce the use of conservation practices. Some practices were positively associated with one type of organization while negatively associated with others. For example, compost production/application, crop rotation, manure incorporation, and organic crop and livestock production are more likely among members of sustainable/organic agriculture organizations, but less likely among members of general farm organizations. The converse is true for integrated pest management (IPM) on crop farms. Specific conservation practices had unique sets of variables linked to their use, with farm products being the most frequent predictors. This research serves as a baseline to understand the array of conservation practices used by women farmers in the Northeast US, and some factors associated with their use. The results suggest the need for consideration of the applicability of existing adoption models for women farmers. As women tend to have diversified operations with multiple markets, educational and regulatory programs that attempt to reach women farmers may need to consider the specific types of farms they operate to best match practices to their situations and goals.
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Alpatova, Ekaterina, Nana Chkhutiashvili, Ludmila Goloshchapova, and Olga Kovalenkova. "Organizational diagnostics of the farm." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128501017.
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In this paper is transformation of traditional organizational diagnostics for the use organizations in the field of agribusiness. The transformation of the methodology is necessary due to the peculiarities of the functional zones of the farm, associated with a limited number of human resources in the state of such an organization, taking into account the fact that each unit of the state will have expanded professional competencies to overlap the functionality of the main organizational zones. The paper uses a methodology for developing diagnostic tables that reveal the degree of severity of the main characteristics with the development of an individual typology for the farm, which allows to identify the root problems of the activity; a diagnostic profile is built, the correlation of the identified problems is carried out using expert analysis. In the course of the work, six key functional zones were identified, the analysis of which allows us to diagnose the state of the farm at the current time and formulate the degree of problems and the presence of bottlenecks that require operational management influence. The algorithm developed in this paper is universal for conducting a comprehensive analysis and diagnosis of the state of farming.
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SVECHNIKOVА, Т. М. "APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ISO 14000 IN LIVESTOCK ORGANIZATIONS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 8 (2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.08.02.010.
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An important component of the image of a modern enterprise is the quality and environmental friendliness of products. International standard ISO 14001:2015 specifies requirements for an environmental management system that an organization can use to improve the environmental performance of its activities. The spread of the application of ISO 14000 standards in Russian enterprises is hampered by a number of problems: improper planning of the development and implementation of the quality management system, low involvement of the company's management and personnel in the development and implementation of the quality management system. The implementation of ISO 14000 standards in livestock organizations is possible if the criteria are met: the land plot is removed from large cities and industrial zones, the livestock of farm animals meets the standards, the size of the land plot meets the standards for keeping farm animals. It is advisable to organize a quality management system department in the organizational structure of the SRO "Association of Peasant (Farm) Farms and Agricultural Cooperatives of the Perm Territory" for comprehensive support and coordination of the activities of agricultural organizations in the region.
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Chawla, Deepak, and Himanshu Joshi. "Impact of Knowledge Management Dimensions on Learning Organization." International Journal of Knowledge Management 7, no. 2 (April 2011): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkm.2011040104.
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Knowledge and knowledge driven learning determines the organizational ability to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. To excel in business, organizations need to develop processes that facilitate streamline information flow resulting in enhanced learning. This paper investigates the learning capabilities demonstrated by Indian organizations and for the differences between business excellence awarded and non-awarded organizations. This paper examines the impact of Knowledge Management (KM) dimensions on Learning Organization (LO) and tests if the impact is significantly different for these groups. A convenience sample of 57 executives from 16 Indian organizations participated in the study. The results show that organizations awarded for business excellence fare better on all items of LO as compared to non-awarded ones. However, statistical difference is found only in Vision and Strategy and Performance Improvement Process. The results show that most of the KM dimensions have a positive impact on LO dimensions.
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Jiang, Jianlin, Jianguo Chen, Rongyue Zheng, and Yan Zhou. "Analysis and Comparison of Role-Based Interorganizational Workflows for a Construction Project." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183667.
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The implementation process of construction projects is an iterative process of continuous modification and improvement among participant organizations. Traditional workflow analysis methods for a single organization are not suitable for the analysis of such implementation processes. Therefore, an interorganizational workflow analysis method based on organizational roles and associated with their collaborative relationships is required. In this study, a role-based interorganizational workflow model for participant organizations is developed, in which it is assumed that interoperability has a loosely coupled form for temporary multi-organizations. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to determine the parameters of the correlation between interorganizational workflows, which includes downstream sensitivity and the probability of change. Furthermore, according to workflow interactions between organizations, an analysis model of interorganizational workflow is developed by using the Design Iteration Model for reference to analyze the time performance of participant organizations. Additionally, two forms of interorganizational workflow are compared and analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to improve interorganizational workflow management and reduce the total time taken to complete the workflow processing of each organization (T) and the total time spent on the interorganizational workflow process (effort, E). This research may help strengthen interorganizational workflow management and enrich the workflow modeling theory.
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Marques, Joan F. "Flawed organizational purpose? Changing the narrative in management education and practice." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 33, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-12-2018-0168.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to challenge current and future organizational managers toward engaging in a process of reflecting on the purpose of their performance and the purpose of the organization they serve and also to challenge management educators and coaches to reflect on the emphasis of their training of those who will step into management positions. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the current criticism on organizational management education and practice, and brings global inequality in the scope to underscore the importance of correcting a flawed system based on a flawed perspective. Findings It is critical to change the narrative the authors use for management in organizations from, “organizations exist to maximize the value of their shareholders, and the managers in those organizations need to ensure that this happens” to, “organizations exist to support the communities in which they operate, and managers in those organizations need to ensure that this happens.” Practical implications Organizational managers will focus on a more socially acceptable set of priorities when adopting the narrative promoted in this paper. Business educators will focus on more transdisciplinary approaches to help their students think beyond self-centered and sheer profit-based boundaries, and plant seeds toward constructive and morally sound social change early on. Social implications Communities will fare much better when the organizations in their areas will focus more on well-being of those who reside in the community rather than a handful of often absent shareholders. Originality/value This paper questions the core of organizational existence and managerial performance therein. It reaches beyond technological, operational, and tactical levels of performance and questions the grand strategy of organizational existence and performance.
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Rahgozar, Hassan, Ali Mohammadi, Fazlallah Afshangian, and Salva Shamsedini Lorry. "The Relationships among Servant Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Identification in Fars Quality Cooperation." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology ` 11, no. 9 (February 21, 2013): 1950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4734.
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Tourangeau, Wesley, Kate Sherren, Carlisle Kent, and Bertrum H. MacDonald. "Of Climate and Weather: Examining Canadian Farm and Livestock Organization Discourses from 2010 to 2015." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0028.1.
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Abstract Producer organizations representing Canada’s farm and livestock sectors are powerful change agents and advocates for their industries, particularly during challenging times such as climate- or weather-related hardships. Such organizations have a complex role: engaging with policy-makers, as well as their memberships and the public, to pursue the interests of their specific communities. This paper includes an examination of how farm producer organizations communicate about climate and weather to these various audiences, and the specific needs and recommendations they advance. Of particular interest are commodities related to pasture-based grazing, which is underrepresented in the climate adaptation literature. A collection of 95 publicly available documents is analyzed, representing a snapshot of climate- and weather-related public and policy engagement of Canadian and Albertan farm and livestock producer organizations from 2010 to 2015. Qualitative coding by scale, commodity, and audience revealed three significant patterns within this exploratory study. First, while national “umbrella” organizations speak climate to government, Alberta-based livestock/forage organizations speak to their members with a focus on weather. Second, while the two national umbrella organizations examined are politically divergent, they appear to be united on the topic of climate change. Third, common ground was also found between climate and weather discourses around on-farm management, specifically rotational grazing. These three patterns reveal a disjointed dialogue within the Canadian farm and livestock sectors on topics of climate adaptation and mitigation, as well as opportunities for future cooperation, and the need for further research on farm organization beliefs and their capacity to create/manage climate knowledge.
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Hassink, Jan, John Grin, and Willem Hulsink. "Identity formation and strategy development in overlapping institutional fields." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 6 (October 3, 2016): 973–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-07-2015-0122.
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Purpose Care farming is an underexplored example of agricultural diversification. In their process of diversification, care farmers are newcomers to the healthcare sector, facing high entry barriers and lacking the skills required to build a solid and legitimate presence in this new domain. Changes in the care regime have provided opportunities for new players, like regional organizations of care farmers, to gain access to care budgets. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how strategies designed to establish regional organizations of care farms with similar access to institutional resources unfold and are translated into entrepreneurial behavior, organizational identity and legitimacy, and help provide access to care budgets. Design/methodology/approach Using entrepreneurship, identity formation and legitimacy building as guiding concepts, the authors interviewed stakeholders and analyzed activities and documents to gain a broad perspective with regard to the organizations, skills and activities. Findings The authors identified two types of regional care farm organizations: a cooperative and a corporate type. While the corporate type clearly exhibited entrepreneurial behavior, leading to a trustful and appealing organizational identity, substantial fund-raising and an early manifestation of institutional and innovative legitimacy in the care sector, the cooperative type initially lacked entrepreneurial agency, which in turn led to a lack of legitimacy and a slow development toward a more professional market-oriented organization. Manifesting entrepreneurial behavior and strategically aligning the healthcare and agricultural sectors, and building up both institutional and innovative legitimacy in the care sector proved to be crucial to the successful development of regional organizations of care farms. This study contributes to existing literature by exploring relationships between entrepreneurial and institutional strategies, legitimacy, organizational identity and logics. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by exploring how in times with changes in institutional logics, strategies to establish new organizations unfold. The authors have shown how differences in strategy to establish new organizations with similar access to institutional resources unfold and are translated into diverging organizational identities and degrees of legitimacy. Entrepreneurial behavior is the key to create a trustful and appealing identity and innovative and institutional legitimacy which is important for providing access to an institutionalized sector.
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Valmohammadi, Changiz, and Ali Ghassemi. "Identification and prioritization of the barriers of knowledge management implementation using fuzzy analytical network process." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 46, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-08-2015-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers of knowledge management (KM) implementation in Alborz Province industrial Parks Corporation and prioritize them using fuzzy analytical network process (FANP). Design/methodology/approach Through an in-depth review of the literature on KM and researcher findings from observations and interviews with experts, the main barriers of KM implementation, namely, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resource, technology and miscellaneous factors along with their related factors in the surveyed organization were identified. Then, based on the information gathered, an expert questionnaire was developed. Finally, the priority of each main barrier and their sub-factors were determined using FANP. Findings The results show that human resource and organizational culture factors with the weights of 0.66 and 0.22, respectively, have the highest ranking and therefore are the most important barriers. The technology factor with the weight of 0.00002 is the least important barrier in implementing KM in the surveyed corporation. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations of this study is the generalizability of the findings, which may be limited by the single case study method used. Originality/value There are fewer studies about KM barriers specifically with a focus on prioritizing them in organizations, especially in the context of Iran as a developing country. This study develops a comprehensive and solid mathematical technique to prioritize the identified barriers of KM implementation in the context of Iran.
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Campbell, Mark B., and Ariel Dinar. "Farm organization and resource use." Agribusiness 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199309)9:5<465::aid-agr2720090505>3.0.co;2-u.
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Wang, Hongyu, Apurbo Sarkar, and Lu Qian. "Evaluations of the Roles of Organizational Support, Organizational Norms and Organizational Learning for Adopting Environmentally Friendly Technologies: A Case of Kiwifruit Farmers’ Cooperatives of Meixian, China." Land 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030284.
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Environmentally friendly technologies have long been recognized as a widespread phenomenon working within the functions and performance of farms. Farmer’s cooperative organization might profoundly foster the environmentally friendly technologies (EFT) and availing competitive advantage to the farmer. Illustrated by the natural-resource-based view of the farm (NRBV), this study examined the influence of organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning on adopting EFT and proposed a model quantifying the impacts of these approaches towards availing competitive capabilities (i.e., cost, quality, flexibility, and delivery). The framework is empirically endorsed by employing the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of a household survey from a spectrum of 292 farmers of 38 kiwifruit cooperatives of Meixian County, China, from August to September 2020. The findings demonstrate that organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning positively influence EFT. Moreover, the study found EFT positively impacts product cost, product quality, product delivery, and production flexibility. Interestingly, the relationship between the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies and the competitive capabilities of kiwifruit farmers of Meixian is positively significant. The study proposes several policy recommendations emphasizing the role of organizations in the form of farmer’s cooperatives in boosting farmers to engage in proenvironmental behavior and, therefore, shifting the trends of future research directions on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies.
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Yıldırım, İbrahim, Mustafa Terin, Kenan Çiftçi, Melike Ceylan, and Bekir İlban. "Determination of Factors Effective on the Organization of Dairy Cattle Farms: A Case Study of Van Province of Tuşba District." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (December 17, 2018): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i12.1827-1832.2198.
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The study aims at estimating the effect of producers’ socio-economic characteristics and the farm structure on the probability of becoming a member of an agricultural organization. For this aim Ordered Probit Model was applied. The data of 2010 production period was collected from 66 dairy cattle farms through questionnaires based on stratified random sampling method. While 74.2% of producers were not a member to any organization, the remaining 18.2 and 7.6% were members of one and more than one organizations, respectively. The result of study showed that the variables of experience, education level, milk yields, milking machine existence, and record keeping rate increased the probability of becoming a member to any agricultural organization. Government financial, technical and educational supports towards increasing the number of cattle farms, with high educated and experienced labor and high productivity levels, which are associated in an agricultural organization, could promote the willingness of producers in the region in participating of agricultural organizations as a member.
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Kuan, Mei-Yin, Szu-Yung Wang, and Jiun-Hao Wang. "Investigating the Association between Farmers’ Organizational Participation and Types of Agricultural Product Certifications: Empirical Evidence from a National Farm Households Survey in Taiwan." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 9429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169429.
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Agricultural product certifications have proliferated due to the growing concerns in many countries over food safety and environmental sustainability. Encouraging farmers to self-organize was regarded as a useful tool to enhance the adoption of agricultural product certifications in Taiwan. However, previous studies solely focused on the association between membership in a production organization and single food certifications. Moreover, little is known of how different types of organizational participation could improve the adoption of agricultural product certifications. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by employing multinomial logistic regression model (MNL) to investigate factors affecting farmers’ decisions to participate in agricultural product certification. Special attention is paid to the role of different types of organizational participation in farmers’ choices for agricultural product certification. The study used a nationally representative sample of core farmers in Taiwan, and its results revealed evident differences in farmers’ organization types. For example, the farm operators who participate in agricultural cooperatives (co-ops) tend to use organic labels. In contrast, farm operators who participate in agricultural production and marketing groups (APMGs) tend to adopt the Traceable Agricultural Products (TAP) label. Moreover, age, education level, farming experience, farm labor, farm type, agricultural facilities, and regional location have a significant effect on farmers’ choices for participating in agricultural product certification across different models. The findings suggest that policymakers should consider these differences in the organizational operation of APMGs and co-ops and provide customized measures by promoting different types of agricultural product certifications.
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Faila Sophia Hartatri, Diany, Lya Aklimawati, and Jeffrey Neilson. "Analysis of Specialty Coffee Business Performances: Focus on Management of Farmer Organizations in Indonesia." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 35, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.382.
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Indonesian specialty coffee farmer organization is established by Government of Indonesia (GoI) for managing coffee production, processing, and marketing in farmer group level. Through farm-level industrialization program, the GoI supported coffee farmer organizations in several specialty coffee producing regions for increasing farmers’ livelihoods. These farmer organizations are encouraged to produce higher quality of coffee in term of specialty coffee and link directly with buyers. Therefore, the farmer groups would obtain the profits that can be shared to the members of farmer organizations. This research aims firstly to understand the performances, challenges and risk management of specialty coffee business on farmer organizations level across Indonesia, and secoundly to understand the profits gained by specialty coffee farmer organizations. The research has been conducted in several specialty coffee producing regions, including Bali, East Java, Flores and South Sulawesi. The case study and ethnography were carried out by collecting data through direct observation and in depth interviews. Number of respondents were 27 producer organizations which were selected by judgement sampling method. The data were analyzed by using descriptive method and profit analysis. The research results show that alternative model of value chain interventions (VCIs) is required for improving the profits of specialty coffee business on farmer organizations level and farmers’ livelihoods. Maximization the VCIs to increase the benefits for farmers, the VCIs should be conducted by incorporating both off-farm and on-farm aspects.
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Azizi, Alireza, Behnaz Karimi, Seyyed Hasan Alemohammad, Vida Motamenzadeh, and Mohammad Javad Saadat. "Investigating the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational culture by considering the intermediary role of organizational knowledge management in Fars province zonal watering organization." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 11 (2014): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2014.01049.1.
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Huang, Zuhui, and Qiao Liang. "Agricultural organizations and the role of farmer cooperatives in China since 1978: past and future." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2017-0189.
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Purpose During the past four decades, agriculture and rural development in China has scored a great progress. Organization institution in agriculture is one of the domains with drastic innovations. The purpose of this paper is to map the emergence and evolution of various agricultural organizations in China since 1978. Development status and the trend of agricultural organization system are analyzed. Further, the role of farmer cooperatives is discussed. Design/methodology/approach Data used in the paper are mainly from statistical yearbooks and documents published by the government including Ministry of Agriculture and Bureau of Industry and Commercial. Both descriptive and deductive analyses are adopted to achieve different analytical purposes. Findings The vast small-farm sector, co-existence of various types of organizations, and innovation of other organizations will continue and sustain for a long-time period in China. Despite the fast development of modern farmers and various organizations, it is important that traditional farmers participate effectively in modern agriculture. Farmers act collectively via a cooperative in a desirable way, which determines the central position of farmer cooperatives in the agricultural organization system. Research limitations/implications This paper is a qualitative analysis on agricultural organizations in China, yet no quantitative estimation regarding the comparison of various organizations is conducted due to insufficient data. Originality/value This paper fills the gap of a comprehensive review of the emergence, development status, and trend of agricultural organizations in China.
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Olson, K. E. "Satellite Technology—A Farm Organization Perspective." Journal of Dairy Science 75, no. 11 (November 1992): 3261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)78100-4.
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Memili, Esra, Thomas M. Zellweger, and Hanqing Chevy Fang. "The Determinants of Family Owner-Managers' Affective Organizational Commitment." Family Relations 62, no. 3 (June 4, 2013): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12015.
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Jia, Xiangping, and Harvey S. James. "Organizational trust in farmer organizations: evidence from the Chinese fresh apple industry." British Food Journal 120, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2017-0396.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and importance of trust in a type of Chinese farmer cooperative organization called “Farm Bases” (FBs), considering the extent to which trust affects their performance and how the relationship between trust and FB performance is affected by perceptions of risk and uncertainty and other considerations. Design/methodology/approach The authors interviewed a random sample of 355 farmers, most of whom are from 42 different FBs in China. The authors operationalized organizational trust by assessing the perception of trustworthiness and competence that farmers have in FB managers. The authors conducted a regression analysis of the data to answer the research questions. Findings The findings support a nuanced role of trust for performance measures of FBs. Trust matters but in limited and specific contexts. Specifically, trust does not correlate with the marketing volume of Chinese FBs and only weakly correlates with FB compliance of production standards. Originality/value FBs play an essential role in China’s agribusiness policies and are pervasive in Chinese business practices. Very little research has been conducted on Chinese FBs and of the role of trust in organizational performance.
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Syahyuti, NFN. "Pengorganisasian Secara Personal dan Gejala Individualisasi Organisasi sebagai Karakter Utama Pengorganisasian Diri Petani di Indonesia." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 30, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v30n2.2012.129-145.
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<p><strong>English</strong><br />Explaining how farmers conduct their farm business is trapped in organization theory and analysis, so far. This paper applies concept and theory of new institutionalism understanding which focuses social relation as the most basic object of analysis. It is found that farmers’ organizations in Indonesia are unique indicated by organization individualization as the real fact of formal farmers’ organization. This symptom is not observed if it employs organization analysis. It comes from the previous farmers’ organizations before the formal organization is acknowledged, namely personalized organizing. These two findings are based on recognizing that farmers are rational, creative social actors using all institution and organization resources for running their farm business. In the future, empowering farmers is carried out through offering other types than formal organization for more effective social relation.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Penjelasan tentang bagaimana petani menjalankan usaha pertaniannya selama ini terperangkap hanya pada teori dan analisis organisasi. Berbeda dengan ini, tulisan berikut menggunakan konsep dan teori dari pemahaman Kelembagaan Baru (New Institutionalism), dengan menjadikan relasi sosial (social relation) sebagai objek yang paling pokok dan elementer dalam analisisnya. Melalui paham ini ditemukan pola pengorganisasian yang khas pada petani di Indonesia saat ini yakni gejala “individualisasi organisasi” yang merupakan fakta sesungguhnya dalam organisasi-organisasi formal milik petani. Gejala ini tidak terlihat jika menggunakan analisis organisasi. Sesungguhnya bentuk ini berakar dari pola pengorganisasian diri petani dahulu sebelum dikenal organisasi formal, yakni “pengorganisasian secara personal”. Kedua temuan ini muncul dengan menggunakan basis pemahaman bahwa petani adalah aktor sosial yang rasional-kreatif yang menggunakan berbagai sumberdaya lembaga dan organisasi sebagai modal dalam menjalankan usahanya. Ke depan, pemberdayaan petani semestinya memberi peluang kepada bentuk-bentuk lain selain organisasi formal, karena relasi sosial yang efektif tidak hanya berlangsung dalam organisasi formal.</p>
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Gupta, Deepak. "The recent fundamental growth scenarios of the Asian E-Commerce- An Analysis." Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijbpg030102.
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In 2015, Central Asia made some vital enhancements in nature for cross-fringe e-business: Kazakhstan's promotion to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will help business straightforwardness, while the Kyrgyz Republic's enrollment in the Eurasian Customs Union grows its buyer base. Why e-business? Two reasons to begin with, e-trade diminishes the expense of separation. Focal Asia is the most elevated exchange cost locale on the planet: unlimited separations from real markets make discovering purchasers testing, shipping merchandise moderate, and fare costs high. Second, e-business can pull in populaces that are customarily under-spoke to in fare markets, for example, ladies, little organizations and rustic business visionaries.
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McCullum, Andrew. "Big data processing using Open Source Software- A Questionnaire on the data science." Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmas030101.
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In 2015, Central Asia made some vital enhancements in nature for cross-fringe e-business: Kazakhstan's promotion to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will help business straightforwardness, while the Kyrgyz Republic's enrollment in the Eurasian Customs Union grows its buyer base. Why e-business? Two reasons to begin with, e-trade diminishes the expense of separation. Focal Asia is the most elevated exchange cost locale on the planet: unlimited separations from real markets make discovering purchasers testing, shipping merchandise moderate, and fare costs high. Second, e-business can pull in populaces that are customarily under-spoke to in fare markets, for example, ladies, little organizations and rustic business visionaries.
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Jami Pour, Mona, Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Bagherzadeh Azar, and Fatemeh Taheri. "Developing a new framework for evaluating e-learning systems: integrating BSC and FAHP." Kybernetes 46, no. 8 (September 4, 2017): 1303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2017-0060.
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Purpose E-learning is one area of strategic application of information technology (IT) in the educational field. In the past, massive investments in e-learning systems have neither been necessarily effective nor created value for e-learners. As a result, e-learning systems’ evaluation has become critical. Although many researchers have studied e-learning’s performance evaluation, there is little research on e-learning assessment, which uses pedagogical principles and organizational issues along with information systems (ISs) assessment measures. Thus, the purpose of this study is to consolidate multi-dimensional aspects of e-learning evaluation by applying balanced scorecard (BSC) as a strategic performance measurement method. This study further seeks a solution for designing a systematic approach, in which three equally important considerations must be balanced: organization, pedagogy and technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces a framework for assessing e-learning systems by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and BSC. Owing to the growing use of BSC in strategic management, this study applies its four perspectives as a base for performance evaluation. To identify measures of each perspective, a comprehensive literature review has been conducted. Modifying the list of measures is completed in two phases: first by using a focus group consisting of six e-learning experts, and second, by using a survey analysis conducted among 256 Iranian e-learners. FAHP is applied to weigh and determine the rank-order of the measures. Findings The results propose integrating pedagogical, organizational and technical measures based on the BSC framework for evaluating e-learning systems. In the proposed framework, effective BSC perspectives and their rank-orders and weights are presented as a guideline for assessing e-learning systems in Iran. Research implications In e-learning initiatives, organizational issues must be considered along with technological and pedagogical factors simultaneously. The proposed framework can assist educational institutions and organizations to identify weaknesses and strengths of e-learning projects and guide them to select appropriate strategies for progress. Originality/value A review of the e-learning literature shows that there are few substantive theoretical accounts, which adequately integrate multiple dimensions of e-learning evaluation; yet, most researchers view e-learning evaluation as the most difficult part in the e-learning implementation process. This study proposes a new conceptual framework to evaluate e-learning initiatives systematically. The main contribution of this study is to develop a new systematic approach for e-learning systems’ evaluation that integrates two well-established managerial methodologies (BSC and FAHP), and considers pedagogical, organizational and technological aspects synchronously.
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Chaddad, Fabio, and Vladislav Valentinov. "Agency costs and organizational architecture of large corporate farms: evidence from Brazil." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0009.
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Drawing inspiration from American institutionalism and new institutional economics, this paper discusses the rise of large corporate farms as the transition from the classic capitalist firm to the corporate form of organization based on the separation of ownership and control. Three case studies from the Brazilian cerrado show the rise of large corporate farms to be enabled and impelled by the advance of agricultural production technologies and the search for scale economies. The key finding from the case studies is that complex technology not only necessitates large-scale farming but also generates technical and organizational solutions to the potentially pervasive agency problems. In addition to the use of sound corporate governance practices, these solutions include organizational architecture encompassing computer-aided accounting and budgeting systems, incentive-based compensation, clear definition of performance goals, and delegation of operational decisions to farm managers. Furthermore, organizational architecture has been shown to promote a culture of trust and accountability, which counteract the opportunistic tendencies of farm managers and workers.
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Kangogo, Daniel, Domenico Dentoni, and Jos Bijman. "Determinants of Farm Resilience to Climate Change: The Role of Farmer Entrepreneurship and Value Chain Collaborations." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030868.
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The concept of resilience gained traction in academic, policy, and development discourse in recent years, yet its conceptualization and application at the farm level has received little attention. For instance, recent policy recommendations present farm resilience as a silver bullet in dealing with agricultural risks and uncertainty, and in achieving sustainable agri-food systems. Yet, the question of what determines farm resilience in a smallholder farming set-up remains fuzzy. To address this knowledge gap, we firstly develop a novel conceptual framework based on determinants of farm resilience and farmer adaptive capacity as a pathway through which farm resilience is strengthened. The emphasis on adaptive capacity responds to a conceptual weakness inherent in studies that present socio-ecological systems as static systems. Secondly, based on a literature review, we propose mechanisms through which farmer entrepreneurship, membership in farmer organization, and farmer–buyer relationships may influence farmer adaptive capacity and thereby farm resilience. Based on our conceptual understanding of the determinants of farm resilience, we recommend approaches that augment farmer entrepreneurship, support farmer organizations, and strengthen farmer–buyer relationships.
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Allen, Douglas W., and Dean Lueck. "A Transaction Cost Primer on Farm Organization." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 48, no. 4 (December 2000): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.2000.tb00418.x.
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Carnes, Laura M., and Heather D. Karsten. "Building diverse community networks for sustainable food systems: Guiding philosophies of the Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18, no. 4 (December 2003): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ajaa200349.
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AbstractThe Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture (PASA) is a grassroots organization that facilitates the exchange of sustainable farming practices among its members, creates marketing opportunities for local farmers, and promotes consumer awareness and support for sustainable agriculture. Interviews with PASA's board members and staff, content analyses of PASA's literature, and a mail survey and spatial analysis of PASA's members—who include both farmers and members who do not farm—were used to examine members' characteristics, why they value being members, and the philosophies and strategies that guide the organization's successes. Results indicate that by embracing a broad definition of sustainable agriculture, PASA promotes profitable and environmentally sound farming practices to a diversity of farmers. Networking with a broad cross-section of local and regional organizations and institutions has enabled PASA to use the expertise of community leaders and share fundraising to develop marketing opportunities for farmers. Linking sustainable agriculture with priorities of community economic development has brought farmers to urban planning tables, increased inner city access to fresh, local food, and increased the economic viability of local farmers. PASA's experiences exemplify the opportunities and tensions involved with networking with mainstream institutions to gain greater support for the sustainable agriculture community. PASA provides one model of how sustainable agriculture organizations can play an integral role in supporting sustainable agriculture.
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Madsen, William C. "Narrative Approaches to Organizational Development: A Case Study of Implementation of Collaborative Helping." Family Process 55, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/famp.12212.
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Kojima, Reeitsu. "Agricultural Organization: New Forms, New Contradictions." China Quarterly 116 (December 1988): 706–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000037930.
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One of the officials in charge of drafting China's agricultural policies, Du Runsheng, divides the reform of her agricultural system into two major stages: the first from 1979 to 1984, and the second from 1985 to the present. In the first stage, China dismantled the people's communes, established an “individual farm” system, and scrapped many governmental controls. The tasks for the second stage, according to Du Runsheng, are the formation of markets for farm produce, rural money, rural labour, and for rural land “usage rights.”
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Azizi, Alireza, Forouzan Habibi, Mahsa Noroozi, Mahsa Alymanesh, and Gita Amini. "Investigating the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational knowledge management by considering the intermediary role of organizational intelligence in Fars province zonal watering organization." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 10 (2014): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2014.01016.8.
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Chelukanova, Alexandra, and Darya Zabaznova. "Internal control in agricultural holdings." Agricultural Technologies 1, no. 2 (2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35599/agritech/01.02.02.
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Research objective in this article is to study the internal control in agricultural holdings. Achievement of this required solving the following tasks: to study the interpretation of the term "internal control"; to study the requirements for internal control; to determine the need for the organization of internal control in agricultural holdings; to study the sequence of implementation of the system of internal control in agricultural holdings; to propose a model of the functioning of internal audit in agro-enterprises on the example of agricultural holding. Research results have shown that the most complete capacious is the following definition of on-farm control in agricultural holdings – control over the budget preparation and their reality, control over the costs of different departments of the holding (parent company), which act as centers of responsibility. The study of scientific definitions of "on-farm control" allowed us to determine the basic requirements of researchers to this type of control. The most common requirement of the researchers is an assessment of the effectiveness of the enterprise. The introduction of the system of internal control in agricultural holdings was considered, based on the research of E.V. Menshova, which allowed to determine the improvement of the organizational structure of internal control in organizations of agricultural holding type, and the presented model of the functioning of internal audit in agricultural enterprises will allow to adopt this experience and adapt it for their own business.
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Alderson, L., and K. Ramsey. "The role of Rare Breeds International as a global organization for the conservation of farm animal genetic resources." Animal Genetic Resources Information 31 (April 2001): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900005241.
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SummaryRare Breeds International (RBI) is the global non-governmental organization (NGO) concerned with the conservation of animal genetic resources (AnGR). It works in conjunction with FAO and with other organizations associated with livestock production. RBI members form a grassroots network that is rich in experience and knowledge of native breeds and affiliated national organizations maintain a valuable database of AnGR. Information is disseminated through major international conferences which are held at intervals of three years and through annual regional meetings. The cumulative expertise of the RBI membership facilitates a wide variety of projects, which range from policy interaction with governmental agencies to emergency rescue action and breeding programmes for relic breeds. RBI communicates mainly through publication of proceedings of major conferences and also by dedicated and linked websites.
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Saul, Jack, and Winnifred Simon. "Building Resilience in Families, Communities, and Organizations: A Training Program in Global Mental Health and Psychosocial Support." Family Process 55, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/famp.12248.
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Bahlmann, Jan, and Achim Spiller. "Inter-organizational information systems in meat chains: the linkage between supply chain organization and system requirements." Journal on Chain and Network Science 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2009.x159.
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The German meat sector is faced with increasing cost pressures and a high demand for quality and safety. Both issues require powerful and holistic IT solutions in order to achieve knowledge transfer, process alignment and transparent information flows across the supply chain. In recent years, new Inter-Organizational Information Systems (IOS) were developed for the red meat industry. However, the acceptance of IOS at the farm level is still relatively low. Since there is hardly any relevant literature on IOS in the meat sector, this study contributes to the general research on IOS, the status quo of data flows in the pork supply chain as well as a systematization and evaluation of the most relevant existing internet based IOS. Furthermore, special needs for IOS on the spot market which is the dominating organizational form in the German pork sector are defined and contrasted against the current supply of systems. It was found that none of the existing IT solutions adequately meet the requirements which are important in complex spot market relationships. Consequently, we recommend a higher consideration of supply chain organization in IOS research and development.
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Polopolus, Leo C., and Robert D. Emerson. "Entrepreneurship, Sanctions, and Labor Contracting." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, no. 1 (July 1991): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017829.
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AbstractEntrepreneurs innovate their individual business organizations not only to deal with production and price risks, but also to cope with the risk of sanctions or penalties imposed by society's laws and regulations. More specifically, labor-intensive agricultural firms, faced with potentially large fines for violation of immigration and labor laws, increasingly modify the organization of their firms by shifting the management of routine seasonal labor jobs to independent farm labor contractors. The use of labor contracting is further intensified because of the effectiveness of labor contractors in the recruitment of illegal aliens.
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Provost, Nkasiobi Silas Oguzor. "Farm Organization, Ownership and Food Productivity In Nigeria." International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss.v1i1.5.
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Doré, Antoine, and Jérôme Michalon. "What makes human–animal relations ‘organizational’? The de-scription of anthrozootechnical agencements." Organization 24, no. 6 (October 2, 2016): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508416670249.
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Questions concerning animals’ role in society have received little attention from Organization Studies. This article develops and tests some theoretical and methodological propositions aimed at contributing to the elaboration of an analytical framework for interpreting our organized relations with animals and furthering our understanding of what makes human–animal relations ‘organizational’. First, examining the role of animals in the ‘non-human turn’ that has been emerging, especially with the Actor–Network Theory and the Symmetrical Anthropology project, it adresses the limits of the ‘non-human’ category to analyze situations of coordination of collective action involving animals. It then develops the concept of anthrozootechnical agencement to envisage the role of animals in the course of action through the lens of their relational properties and applies the notion of script to propose an operational formulation of the specifically organizational trials to which these particular agencements are subjected. Based on three case studies (the role of the leash in the organization of human–dog relations, the management of wolves’ return to France, and the production of milk on a dairy farm), this article shows that two main types of operation make human–animal relations ‘organizational’: first, the organization of anthrozootechnical relations is constituted by and constitutive of the combination of three types of specifically organizational test to which these particular agencements are subjected (the performance test, the coherence test, and the dimensioning test); second, the work of organizing anthrozootechnical relations then consists in elaborating, executing, and transforming heterogeneous scripts that are never strictly indexed on the nature (human, animal, technique) of the entities they concern.
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Chaves, Paola, Noelle Aarts, and Severine van Bommel. "Self-organization for everyday peacebuilding: The Guardia Indígena from Northern Cauca, Colombia." Security Dialogue 51, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619889471.
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The Nasa indigenous group’s Guardia Indígena, whose primary goal is to protect indigenous people and their territories from all types of armed groups, is a nonviolent self-protection organization in Northern Cauca, Colombia. On 5 November 2014, while peace talks were ongoing between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Colombian government, two Guardia Indígena members were shot dead by FARC guerrillas. Without guns or physical violence, indigenous guards captured seven guerrillas responsible for the crime, and, four days later, indigenous organizations held a trial and sentenced the rebels to imprisonment. This article describes those events and investigates how the unarmed guards managed to capture the guerrillas and bring them to trial. The self-organization concept is used to gain insights into the mechanisms and strategies deployed. The mechanisms of the Guardia Indígena include constructing and applying specific social norms and values, developing a common goal, and applying a flexible mix of centralized and decentralized ways of organizing. By combining and activating these mechanisms at carefully chosen moments, indigenous people have succeeded in organizing themselves as a collective movement that is powerful enough to confront armed groups without using violence.
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Coble, Harold D., and Jill Schroeder. "Call to Action on Herbicide Resistance Management." Weed Science 64, SP1 (September 2016): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00032.1.
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Management of herbicide resistance can be most effectively accomplished if every person and organization involved in agricultural production takes an ownership position and participates in solving the growing problem of weed resistance to herbicides. Growers and other pest management practitioners are keys to effective herbicide resistance management since they make the final decisions on practices used. However, many other people and organizations have an important role to play as well. Agricultural input supply networks, including chemical companies, are a widely used information source for growers' decisions through company marketing efforts. Government agencies may influence decisions through regulations or incentive programs. University scientists through their research, education, and outreach programs may impact management decisions, and organizations such as professional societies, farm and commodity groups, public interest organizations, and the agricultural press play roles as well. It is critically important that all of these groups impacting herbicide resistance management decisions are sending the same message and that message is based on sound science. The time to act is now.
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Cheadle, Lucas, and Thomas Biederer. "The novel synaptogenic protein Farp1 links postsynaptic cytoskeletal dynamics and transsynaptic organization." Journal of Cell Biology 199, no. 6 (December 3, 2012): 985–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201205041.
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Synaptic adhesion organizes synapses, yet the signaling pathways that drive and integrate synapse development remain incompletely understood. We screened for regulators of these processes by proteomically analyzing synaptic membranes lacking the synaptogenic adhesion molecule SynCAM 1. This identified FERM, Rho/ArhGEF, and Pleckstrin domain protein 1 (Farp1) as strongly reduced in SynCAM 1 knockout mice. Farp1 regulates dendritic filopodial dynamics in immature neurons, indicating roles in synapse formation. Later in development, Farp1 is postsynaptic and its 4.1 protein/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain binds SynCAM 1, assembling a synaptic complex. Farp1 increases synapse number and modulates spine morphology, and SynCAM 1 requires Farp1 for promoting spines. In turn, SynCAM 1 loss reduces the ability of Farp1 to elevate spine density. Mechanistically, Farp1 activates the GTPase Rac1 in spines downstream of SynCAM 1 clustering, and promotes F-actin assembly. Farp1 furthermore triggers a retrograde signal regulating active zone composition via SynCAM 1. These results reveal a postsynaptic signaling pathway that engages transsynaptic interactions to coordinate synapse development.
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MURTAZASHVILI, ILIA, and JENNIFER MURTAZASHVILI. "The origins of private property rights: states or customary organizations?" Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000065.
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AbstractPolitical theories of property rights are less optimistic than self-governance perspectives regarding the ability of non-state organizations to supply private property institutions. Despite offering different answers to the question of where property rights come from, these diverse perspectives share a concern with organizational capacity, constraints, and legitimacy as explanations why organizations are able to supply private property rights. We use these shared concerns as a point of departure to investigate formal and informal private property rights in rural Afghanistan. We find that informal private property rights are more effective than formal private property rights because customary organizations fare better than the state on the dimensions of capacity, constraints, and legitimacy. More generally, these ‘political’ features of formal and informal organizations explain why self-governance works, as well as provide insight into the challenges confronting efforts in fragile states to establish formal private property institutions.
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Kayser, M., M. Schulte, and L. Theuvsen. "Organizing vegetable supply chains: results of a survey of farmers." Journal on Chain and Network Science 16, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.x002.
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German horticulture earns 21.2% of the total production value of German agriculture – on merely 1.3% of the total production area. Despite this important economic standing, agricultural economic research focuses more on other agricultural sectors like meat or milk supply chains. The present study aims to analyze the organization of the horticulture supply chain. In order to fill this gap in research, the impact of various management instruments on performance at an individual farm level as well as in the whole horticultural supply chain get analyzed by using the partial least square method. For this, German vegetable farmers participated in an online survey in 2013. The innovative empirical analysis thereby is based on existing literature and the contingency theory. The results show that the individual farm performance is positively influenced by factor endowment of the farms as well as by trust and business climate between the different levels of the supply chain. In contrast, the external situation of the farms does not exert any meaningful influence on farm performance but on organizational farm parameters of the supply chain.
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Dodson, Charles B., and Bruce L. Ahrendsen. "Farm and lender structural change: implications for federal credit." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2016-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine changes in the structures of US farms and lenders and identify prospective implications for federal credit. Design/methodology/approach Data from US farm operations for 1996-2014 were adjusted to 2014 values using commodity price indices. Farm size groups were constructed by value of farm production to analyze changes in farm numbers, production, assets, debt, leverage, liquidity, profitability, land tenure, commodity type, contract production, organization type, and use of Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct and guaranteed loans by farm size. Bank, Farm Credit System (FCS), and FSA data from 1996 to 2015 were adjusted to 2014 values. Lender size groups were constructed to analyze changes in bank and association numbers, farm loans, and use of FSA guaranteed loans by lender size. Findings The greatest consolidation has been by farms with over $2 million in production. More farm debt is held by large, complex organizations, frequently with multiple operators, more variable income, and greater reliance on production contracts and operating and nonreal estate credit. Large farms have greater leverage, are more profitable, and have a larger share of household income from the farm. Banks and FCS institutions are fewer and larger, yet smaller institutions use FSA guarantees to a greater extent. Larger farms tend to be more reliant on both direct and guaranteed FSA loans and are likely to become more dependent on FSA credit. Originality/value Changing farm and lender structure together with softening farm income may require FSA farm loan program changes to meet any increase in loan demand. Policy alternatives are provided to meet changing demand for farm credit.
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Thapa, Chandra Bahadur. "Survey of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Practice in Vegetable Crops of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17628.
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In the present study, documentation of farmer’s knowledge on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was carried out in Rupandehi district during the year 2016. The objective of this paper is to assess the knowledge of farmers about IPM and its effectiveness in this district. It was carried out by conducting semi-structured interview with the participants of IPM FFS, vegetable growing farmers, stakeholders and local people with the help of standard questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and key informant interview. The IPM program is found to be conducted by an international non-government organization viz. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and government organizations viz. Plant Protection Directorate (PPD), Agronomy Development Directorate (ADD) and District Agriculture Development Organization (DADO) through Farmer’s Field School (FFS) in this district. In total forty IPM FFS was conducted from 1998 to 2015 which provided training about IPM in rice and vegetable crops to 1057 farmers in which 393 were male and 664 female. Although a significant difference has been found in the knowledge about the amount of pesticide used, biological method of pest control for IPM by FFS participant and nonparticipant farmers, it is not observed in their behavior during the cultivation of crops in the farm. The result showed that only 5% of participants of Farmer’s Field School (FFS) are following IPM practices in their own farm after taking training. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 237-242
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Metaxas, Ioannis N., Dimitrios E. Koulouriotis, and Stefanos H. Spartalis. "A multicriteria model on calculating the Sustainable Business Excellence Index of a firm with fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 1522–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2015-0072.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated methodology for benchmarking the sustainability of organizations. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods have been used for this purpose. The FAHP is used to determine the weights of the criteria by decision makers, and the rankings of the alternatives are determined by TOPSIS. The proposed instrument is used to calculate the Sustainable Business Excellence Index (SBEI) and its potential impact on the formulation of firm strategy. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, illustrative examples are presented. Design/methodology/approach – After a careful literature review, a sustainable business excellence framework is created and a fuzzy system is developed to assess firms’ sustainability. Finally, the SBEI is computed. Findings – The results indicate that the suggested fuzzy approach is feasible for benchmarking the sustainability of organizations. It allows the decision makers to express their opinion regarding the importance of criteria and evaluate each alternative and then have this input coordinated in a quantitative fashion. Research limitations/implications – Practitioners and consultants can use the instrument for conducting quality management benchmarking within and across organizations. Researchers can use the instrument in future studies for further theory development in this area. Originality/value – As far as the authors are aware, no previous study research has assessed the SBEI of an organization with fuzzy sets. As such, it responds to a number of contemporary challenges in the business excellence theory, most importantly the broad need to identify agile organizations.
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Wolz, Axel, Judith Möllers, and Marius Mihai Micu. "Options for agricultural service cooperatives in a postsocialist economy: Evidence from Romania." Outlook on Agriculture 49, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019861973.
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Almost three decades since the collapse of the socialist regime, Romania’s farm structure is characterized by a distinct dual pattern. The far majority of farms is relatively small, while a small number manages about half of the total utilized agricultural area. Most farmers face significant constraints in creating viable farm businesses. When this is the case, it can be assumed that farmers will unite and establish agricultural service cooperatives (ASCs), as has been observed in many other parts of the world. In Romania, however, as in many other postsocialist economies, farmers tend to be reluctant to form or join formal organizations of mutual assistance. Yet there are signs of change, as first ASCs have recently been established. The objectives of this contribution are twofold: First, we discuss the major obstacles why ASCs did not develop after regime change. Second, we analyze the major reasons and influencing factors why private family farmers become more open to this type of formal organization in recent years. The analysis is based on a literature review, farm statistics, and qualitative in-depth interviews with farmers in 2018.
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HAYASHI, Naotaka. "On the Organization of Farm Work Society of Japan." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 1985, no. 55 (1985): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.1985.55_1.
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