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Villafranca, Brooke. "Fashioning the Domestic Ideology: Women and the Language of Fashion in the Works of Elizabeth Stoddard, Louisa May Alcott, and Elizabeth Keckley." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33208/.
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Women authors in mid to late nineteenth century American society were unafraid to shed the old domestic ideology and set new examples for women outside of racial and gender spheres. This essay focuses on the ways in which Elizabeth Stoddard's The Morgesons, Louisa May Alcott's Behind a Mask, and Elizabeth Keckley's Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House represent the function of fashion and attire in literature. Each author encourages readers to examine dress in a way that defies the typical domestic ideology of nineteenth century America. I want my readers to understand the role of fashion in literature as I progress through each work and ultimately show how each female author and protagonist set a new example for womanhood through their fashion choices.
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Shaping the Nation: Early 19th Century America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/731.
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El-Khouri, Klink Zeina. "Beyond the tantur : female attire traditions in 19th-century Mount Lebanon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310511.
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Aubé, Carole. "La naissance du Sentier : l'espace du commerce des tissus à Paris dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0168/document.
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Situé en plein cœur de Paris, le Sentier reconnu depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle comme le centre le plus actif du commerce international des tissus, s’est construit dans la continuité d’un ‘’Sentier ancien ‘’ qui trouve ses origines dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. En nous appuyant sur les Almanachs du Commerce de Paris pour reconstruire l’infrastructure économique de cet espace, nous avons pu mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de cet ensemble originaire et plus particulièrement la croissante centralité du quartier Montmartre dans le commerce des tissus. Placé à la lisière des grands boulevards et des lieux de la « nouvelle modernité » parisienne, ce quartier était le véritable noyau central du commerce des tissus en gros, animé par un négoce important et solidement implanté dans les rues du Sentier, Saint-Fiacre et des Jeûneurs. Il s’agit prioritairement, au début du siècle, du commerce des articles de toiles de coton et des châles, rejoints à partir des années 1830, par la vente de dentelles, de tissus mérinos et de tissus de nouveautés.Dans notre recherche pour saisir l’ensemble des éléments à l’œuvre dans la construction identitaire de cet espace original, l’exploitation de diverses sources, telles que les sources cadastrales, la composition des listes électorales ou les archives notariales, nous ont permis de restituer une image précise de ces dynamiques, de dégager l’importance de cette sphère professionnelle et ses multiples conséquences sur l’espace physique et social de ce quartier<br>Located in the very heart of Paris, the SENTIER which prevails in the second half of the 19th century as the most active center of the business of international trade of fabrics, built itself in the continuity of a " former SENTIER " which has its origins in the first half of the 19th century. Relying on the Almanachs of the Trade of Paris to reconstruct the economic infrastructure of this space, we were able to highlight the characteristics of this first socio-economic group and the increasing centrality of the Montmartre neighborhood in the trade of fabrics. Located at the edge of the places of the "new Parisian modernity ", this district became the central point of the wholesale fabrics trade, led by an important trade firmly established in the streets of the Sentier, Saint Fiacre and Jeuneurs. It mainly concerns, at the beginning of the century, the trade of articles of cotton cloths and shawls, joined from 1830s, by the sale of laces, merino fabrics and fashionable fabrics. In our search to seize all the elements in action in the identity construction of this original space, the exploitation of diverse sources, such as the cadastral sources, the composition of electoral rolls or the notarial archives, allowed us to restore a precise image of these dynamics to express the importance of this professional sphere and its multiple consequences on the physical and social space of this district
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Bloom, Kelly. "Orientalism in French 19th Century Art." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/477.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffery Howe<br>The Orient has been a mythical, looming presence since the foundation of Islam in the 7th century. It has always been the “Other” that Edward Said wrote about in his 1979 book Orientalism. The gulf of misunderstanding between the myth and the reality of the Near East still exists today in the 21st century. Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 and the subsequent colonization of the Near East is perhaps the defining moment in the Western perception of the Near East. At the beginning of modern colonization, Napoleon and his companions arrived in the Near East convinced of their own superiority and authority; they were Orientalists. The supposed superiority of Europeans justified the colonization of Islamic lands. Said never specifically wrote about art; however, his theories on colonialism and Orientalism still apply. Linda Nochlin first made use of them in her article “The Imaginary Orient” from 1983. Artists such as Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Eugène Delacroix and Jean-Léon Gérôme demonstrate Said's idea of representing the Islamic “Other” as a culturally inferior and backward people, especially in their portrayal of women. The development of photography in the late 19th century added another dimension to this view of the Orient, with its seemingly objective viewpoint<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Fine Arts<br>Discipline: College Honors Program
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Teaching the history of philosophy in 19th-century Germany." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161196.
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What does it mean to do philosophy historically, and when does the legend of philosophy begin? When Hegel tried to give a logical explanation of philosophy's history, was he doing the same thing as Eduard Zeller in his account of Creek thought, or Kuno Fischer in his narrative of modern philosophy? l do not believe so, and I shall sugges t in the following that we should carefully differentiate between the different activities commonly referred to as the history of philosophy. I will point out the enormous productivity of the 19th century in terms of printed books devoted to the history of philosophy. I will also point to the context in which these were produced and used rather than examining individual works or authors. There is an entirely new context in the 19th century, which is the study of philosophy. A proper culture developed around the historical interest in philosophy, and it is this culture I want to sketch here.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Teaching the history of philosophy in 19th-century Germany." Teaching new histories of philosophy / ed. by J. B. Schneewind. Princeton 2004, S. 275 - 295 ISBN 0-9763726-0-6, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12120.
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What does it mean to do philosophy historically, and when does the legend of philosophy begin? When Hegel tried to give a logical explanation of philosophy''s history, was he doing the same thing as Eduard Zeller in his account of Creek thought, or Kuno Fischer in his narrative of modern philosophy? l do not believe so, and I shall sugges t in the following that we should carefully differentiate between the different activities commonly referred to as the history of philosophy. I will point out the enormous productivity of the 19th century in terms of printed books devoted to the history of philosophy. I will also point to the context in which these were produced and used rather than examining individual works or authors. There is an entirely new context in the 19th century, which is the study of philosophy. A proper culture developed around the historical interest in philosophy, and it is this culture I want to sketch here.
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Schulz, Carsten-Andreas. "On the standing of states : Latin America in nineteenth-century international society." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:05459d05-0dfa-4220-bbdc-42e3df63d71a.
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The present dissertation offers a critical examination of the place accorded to Latin American states in the English School account of the expansion of international society. It pursues two aims. First, the study contributes to understanding the nature and scope of international order, and its historical transformation over the course of the 'long nineteenth century'. Because of the profound impact that European colonization had on the region, the English School has conventionally treated the entry of Latin American states into international society as an unproblematic historical fact achieved with diplomatic recognition in the 1820s. The crucial cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, however, indicate that more attention needs to the paid to the hierarchical nature of the international order. The central argument of this historical-comparative study posits that the three Latin American states were recognized diplomatically, but they were not regarded as fully-fledged members of the community of 'civilized' states. Second, the dissertation examines the implications of hierarchy in international politics. Building on a critique of the legal-formalist conception of 'standing' in English School theorizing, three ideal-typical dimensions of international stratification are identified: the distribution of material capabilities (stature), the function states perform in international society (role), and estimations of honour and prestige (status) among states. The interpretative framework sheds light on how agents understand international society, and the way in which they deal with its hierarchical nature. The study analyzes how Latin American elites perceived the standing of their state, and how these perceptions shaped politics through their corresponding 'logics of social action'. The study finds that nineteenth-century elites in Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil conceived of the standing of their states predominantly in terms of status, and demonstrates how these perceptions informed politics.
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Volz, Jessica A. "Vision, fiction and depiction : the forms and functions of visuality in the novels of Jane Austen, Ann Radcliffe, Maria Edgeworth and Fanny Burney." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4438.
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There are many factors that contributed to the proliferation of visual codes, metaphors and references to the gendered gaze in women's fiction of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries. This thesis argues that the visual details in women's novels published between 1778 and 1815 are more significant than scholars have previously acknowledged. My analysis of the oeuvres of Jane Austen, Ann Radcliffe, Maria Edgeworth and Fanny Burney shows that visuality — the nexus between the verbal and visual communication — provided them with a language within language capable of circumventing the cultural strictures on female expression in a way that allowed for concealed resistance. It conveyed the actual ways in which women ‘should' see and appear in a society in which the reputation was image-based. My analysis journeys through physiognomic, psychological, theatrical and codified forms of visuality to highlight the multiplicity of its functions. I engage with scholarly critiques drawn from literature, art, optics, psychology, philosophy and anthropology to assert visuality's multidisciplinary influences and diplomatic potential. I show that in fiction and in actuality, women had to negotiate four scopic forces that determined their ‘looks' and manners of looking: the impartial spectator, the male gaze, the public eye and the disenfranchised female gaze. In a society dominated by ‘frustrated utterance,' penetrating gazes and the perpetual threat of misinterpretation, women novelists used references to the visible and the invisible to comment on emotions, socio-economic conditions and patriarchal abuses. This thesis thus offers new insights into verbal economy by reassessing expression and perception from an unconventional point-of-view.
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Lindfield, Peter Nelson. "Furnishing Britain : Gothic as a national aesthetic, 1740-1840." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3490.
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Furniture history is often considered a niche subject removed from the main discipline of art history, and one that has little to do with the output of painters, sculptors and architects. This thesis, however, connects the key intellectual, artistic and architectural debates surfacing in 'the arts' between 1740 and 1840 with the design of British furniture. Despite the expanding corpus of scholarly monographs and articles dealing with individual cabinet-makers, furniture making in geographic areas and periods of time, little attention has been paid to exploring Gothic furniture made between 1740 and 1840. Indeed, no body of research on 'mainstream' Gothic furniture made at this time has been published. No sustained attempt has been made to trace its stylistic evolution, establish stylistic phases, or to place this development within the context of contemporary architectural practice and historiography — except for the study of A.W.N. Pugin's 'Reformed Gothic'. Neither have furniture historians been willing to explore the aesthetic's connection with the intellectual and sentimental position of 'the Gothic' in the period. This thesis addresses these shortcomings and is the first to bridge the historiographic, cultural and architectural concerns of the time with the stylistic, constructional and material characteristics of Gothic furniture. It argues that it, like architecture, was charged with social and political meanings that included national identity in the eighteenth century — around a century before Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin designed the Palace of Westminster and prominently associated the Gothic legacy with Britishness.
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Bennett, Joshua Maxwell Redford. "Doctrine, progress and history : British religious debate, 1845-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:299ba472-2a9c-488c-a8de-12ac55acc4ea.
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Religion and history became closely related in new ways in the Victorian imagination. This thesis asks why this was so, by focusing on arguments within British Protestant culture over progress and development in the history of Christianity. In an intellectual movement approximately beginning with the 1845 publication of John Henry Newman's 'Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine', and powerfully spreading and developing until the earlier years of the twentieth century, British intellectuals came to treat the history of religion - both as a past and present process, and as a didactic genre - as a vital element of broader attempts to stabilise or reconstruct religious belief and social order. Religious revivalists, determined to use church history as a raw material for the inculcation of exclusive confessional identities and dogmatic theology, were highly successful in pressing it on the attention of early Victorian audiences. But they proved unable to control its meaning. Historians rose to prominence who instead interpreted the history of Christianity as a guide to how religious culture, which many treated as indistinguishable from society as a whole, might eventually supersede denominational and dogmatic divisions. Humanity's spiritual development in time, which numerous British critics assessed with the aid of German Idealist thought, also became an attractive apologetic resource as the epistemological basis of Christian belief came under unprecedented public challenge. A major part of that danger was perceived to come from rival, avowedly secularising interpretations of human social progress. Such accounts - the ancestors of twentieth-century secularisation theory - were vigorously opposed by historians who understood modernity as involving not the decline, but the purification of Christianity. By exploring the ways in which Victorian critics - clerical and lay, religious and secular - approached religious history as a resource for solving the problems of their own age, this thesis offers a new way of understanding the importance of history, claims to knowledge, and the nature and ends of 'liberalism' in the long nineteenth century.
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Ng, Kin-yuen. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13280181.
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Milewicz, Przemysław. "Visions of nation in Poland, 1815-1831." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609456.
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Tucker, Emily K. "Extant gas boom industrial buildings in East Central Indiana, 1890-1910 : a case study of five cities : Anderson, Elwood, Kokomo, Marion, and Muncie." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273163.
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The industrial era in East Central Indiana began largely due to the discovery of gas, which in turn brought in many of the industries that would sustain the area during the gas boom and those years following the end of gas supplies. This thesis documents several surviving industrial buildings from the gas boom, including their history, the industrial processes that occurred in these buildings, the general factory layout, and finally the current status of the factories. Studying the industrial buildings from this period in Indiana history helps to shed light on the important role that these industries play in the development of the cities and towns in the gas belt. In addition to this, the thesis gives a documentation of one of Indiana’s rapidly disappearing resources.<br>Department of Architecture
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Nover, Stephen Michael. "History of language planning in deaf education: The 19th century." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284155.
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This dissertation documents historical patterns of language planning activities in American deaf education during the 19th century from a sociolinguistic perspective. This comprehensive study begins in the early 1800s, prior to the opening of the first public school for the deaf in Connecticut, tracing and categorizing available literature related to the language of signs and English as the languages of instruction for the deaf through 1900. Borg and Gall's (1989) historical research methodology was employed to ensure that a consistent historical approach was maintained based upon adequate and/or primary references whenever possible. Utilizing Cooper's (1989) language planning framework, each article in this extensive historical collection was categorized according to one of three major types of language planning activities: status planning (SP), acquisition planning (AP), or corpus planning (CP). Until this time, a comprehensive study of this nature has never been pursued in the field of deaf education. As a result, language planning patterns were discovered and a number of myths based upon inaccurate historical evidence that have long misguided educators of the deaf as well as the Deaf community were revealed. More specifically, these myths are related to the belief that 19th century linguistic analysis and scientific descriptions of the language of signs were nonexistent, and that 19th century literature related to the role, use and structure of the language of signs in education was extremely limited. Additionally this study discovered myths related to the status and use of sign language in this country, the history of deaf education programs, the growth and development of oralism and its impact upon existing programs for the deaf and the employment of deaf teachers. It was also revealed that several terms used in the 19th century have been misinterpreted by educational practitioners today who mistakenly believe they are using strategies that were developed long ago. Therefore, this study attempts to 'correct the record' by using primary sources to bring to light a new understanding of the history of deaf education from a language planning perspective.
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Ottke, Doug. "An environmental history of the 19th century Marquette Iron Range." Reston, Va. : U.S. Geological Survey, 2000. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS10143.
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Davis, Lydia. "British travellers and the rediscovery of Sicily, 16th-19th century." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2006. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/579/.
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This project deals with the early period of what could be termed the 'Grand Tour' in Sicily, a subject which has previously been covered only in a small number of academic works. In particular, it looks at the history of British travel and travellers to Sicily, placing particular emphasis on the way in which classical considerations prompted, guided and inspired visitors to the island. Whilst covering a wide time span which ranges from the 8th until the 20th centuriy AD, the main body of the work focuses on the period between 1550 and 1770 and provides a study of the major British travellers to Sicily during this period - most particularly the journeys of Thomas Hoby in the 16th century, George Sandys and Isaac Basire in the 17th and John Breval in the early 18th century. It also looks at the cultural construction of Sicily itself during this period, and the major Latin and Italian historical sources which influenced, and in some cases were influenced by, travellers and writers from Britain. Much of this work involves the in-depth analysis of several of the major geographical and antiquarian texts from the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries both in English and Italiaan. The results suggest that rather than the more traditional view of Sicily as a late addition to the Grand Tour, relatively undiscovered until the 1770s, the island had in fact generated a significant amount of interest from numerous erudite British travellers and antiquarians, who made a small but nevertheless important contribution to the body of work written upon the island and its culture and antiquities
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Ng, Kin-yuen, and 吳健源. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950395.
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Chong, Wai-sun, and 莊偉新. "Early treatment of insanity in 19th century England." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206555.
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Early intervention in psychosis emerged in the 1980s and has gradually become a new paradigm in mental health service worldwide. Yet, very few studies on the history of early intervention in mental illness exist even to date. This dissertation explored the situation in 19th century England when Britain was the only superpower in the world and at the same time was plagued by the rising number of insanity cases that she could only cope with by building more and bigger asylums.
The idea of early treatment of insanity was found in various publications written by different physicians in the first half of 19th century. A few of them also proposed primary preventive measures as they believed that a good and disciplined life style could help to avoid the illness. They also saw that insanity could be hereditary. Meanwhile, the debate over the nature of insanity whether it is purely biological or goes beyond the physical body was happening in England as in continental Europe. The physicians supporting the idea of early intervention were also those who subscribed to the theory that insanity has a biological origin. The staging concept in the development of mental illness was well conceived by some physicians. There were also attempts to identify the symptoms in incipient insanity which is close to the modern concept of prodromal stage. Some medical professions also put forward detailed theories on the pathology of the illness based on their knowledge on brain physiology and its interaction with other organs of the body.
During this period, professionalization of psychiatrists was advancing. In this process, there was clash between two schools of thoughts. One considered that the profession should move along a scientific path while the other considered that more effort should be devoted to pragmatic issues such as those concerning asylum management. This conflict had in some way hindered the advancement of early treatment.
Another major obstacle to the provision of early treatment was the distrust of the society towards psychiatrists. After a number of notorious cases involving people being wrongly confined in the asylums had been widely publicized, the law was tightened to limit the authority of psychiatrists in certifying insanity and in treating uncertified cases. This had resulted in a serious blockade on the road to early treatment. Stigmatization of mental illness in the society was also a major factor in deterring people from seeking early assistance.
From the experience in 19th century England, it was found that medicalization of mental illness, professionalization of psychiatrists, establishment of mutual trust between psychiatrists and the society, as well as de-stigmatization of mental illness would be conducive to the development of an early intervention paradigm.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Psychological Medicine<br>Master<br>Master of Psychological Medicine
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Couton, Philippe. "The institutional participation of French and immigrant workers in 19th-century France /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36901.
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Recent theories of the social consequences of institutions point to aspects of class and ethnic relations that are not fully captured by conventional institutional perspectives. Using some of these recent theoretical contributions, this thesis analyzes the influence of institutional conditions on the mobilization of French and immigrant workers in late 19th-century northern France. Two main institutional structures are discussed: France's unique network of labour courts, and the socialist cooperatives created by Flemish workers in the 1880s. The empirical, chiefly archival evidence suggests two main conclusions: labour movements emerged and evolved strongly influenced by the judicial framing of labour relations, which they in turn sought to use and modify to their advantage; the institutional innovation of Flemish immigrant workers had a durable influence on the organization of labour politics in northern France, and contributed to their integration as active social and political participants.
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Meldrum, Patricia. "Evangelical Episcopalians in nineteenth-century Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1943.
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This thesis deals with the theology and development of the Evangelical Episcopalian movement in nineteenth-century Scotland. Such a study facilitates the construction of a detailed doctrinal and social profile of these Churchmen, hitherto unavailable. In the introduction an extensive investigation is provided, identifying individuals within the group and assessing their numerical strength. Chapter 2 shows the locations of Evangelical Episcopalian churches and suggests reasons for their geographical distribution. Chapter 3 investigates some sermons and writings of various clergy and laypersons, highlighting the doctrinal beliefs of Scottish Evangelical Episcopalians and placing them within the spectrum of Evangelical Anglicanism and showing affinities with Scottish Presbyterianism. Chapter 4 concerns the lifestyle of members of the group, covering areas such as marriage, family, leisure and philanthropy. Chapter 5 provides a numerical analysis of the social make-up of various congregations paying particular attention to the success achieved in reaching the working classes. Chapters 6 and 7 examine the issues faced by Scottish Evangelical Episcopalians in an age of increasing Tractarian and Roman Catholic activity. Topics covered include the theology of baptism and the communion service. The contrast between Evangelical belief and that of orthodox Scottish High Churchmen and Virtualists is clarified. Chapter 8 explains the factors contributing to the secession of D. T. K. Drummond from the Scottish Episcopal Church and the formation of the English Episcopal movement. Further disruptions are discussed in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 provides a detailed analysis of the development and eventual fragmentation of English Episcopalianism. Chapter 11 concludes the thesis with an evaluation of the contribution of English Episcopalianism to the history of the Scottish Episcopal Church and the reasons for its emergence. The thesis thus provides a detailed examination of the motives which drove the adherents of this important facet of nineteenth-century British Evangelicalism.
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Muir, Elizabeth Gillan 1934. "Petticoats in the pulpit : early nineteenth century methodist women preachers in Upper Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39216.
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Women preached and itinerated in different Methodist traditions in the first half of the nineteenth century in Canada. By the middle of the century, many of them had relinquished the pulpit and they soon disappeared. In the United States of America, women preachers also met with resistance, but well before the twentieth century some Methodist women had been ordained. Although many aspects of the Canadian and American contexts were similar, women preachers experienced a somewhat different reception in each country because of the contrasting political climate. Whereas the American Methodist churches reflected the more liberal atmosphere of their country, the Canadian Methodist Episcopal church intentionally adopted the more reactionary stance of the British Wesleyans in order to gain respectability and political advantage. The other Canadian Methodist churches gradually imbibed this conservative atmosphere, and as a result, Canadian women were eventually discouraged from a preaching role. This dissertation recovers the history of a number of nineteenth century Methodist women preaching in Canada, examines their British heritage and the experiences of their American sisters, and suggests reasons for the Canadian devolution.
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Szabo, Jason. ""Suffering, shame and the search for succour" : incurable illness in nineteenth-century France." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84870.
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Abstract not available.<br>Until now, historians have devoted relatively little attention to the rich field of patients' struggles with chronic progressive disease. This study proposes to begin to fill this lacuna by examining in detail the meaning and implications of one central principle of nineteenth-century clinical medicine: incurability. Though the judgement of incurability is the product of a medical encounter, its significance extended well beyond the clinic. For being incurable in nineteenth-century France was a social event in the broadest sense, putting the individual at the centre of a complex web of people with different expectations and duties. Patients and their farnilies sought relief and solace within the confines of their homes and, frequently enough, in hospital. The physician was expected to prognosticate and to heal, while women, usually members of the immediate family or a religious order, carried out the duties of daily care. Either by choice or institutional diktat, many incurably ill individuals were visited by a priest or some other representative of the Church. Finally, their lives were deeply influenced by the decisions of local and, to an ever increasing degree, national politicians mandated to tackle questions of charity and social policy. Each chapter of this thesis will examine facets of the experience of incurability within the context of existing social structures: medical, religious, economic, and political.
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Kennedy-Churnac, Yoshan A. "The Weight of Words: Discourse, Power and the 19th Century Prostitute." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/93.
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This thesis discusses discourses surrounding the urban prostitute in mid-nineteenth century Paris and London. During the nineteenth century, sexuality became a topic of increasing concern and an outpouring of literature on deviant sexuality and ways to regulate it appeared from moral commentators, social scientists, and physicians. Different historical moments saw the prevalence of different approaches taken, whether it was through the moral counsel of religious pamphlets, or through the methodological approach implemented by medical journals and social surveys. My study will trace the evolution of sexual discourses on prostitutes as well as how their authors influenced attempts to regulate these women. My primary argument is that sexual discourses of this period were organized around definitions of normality and deviancy, the understanding of what constitutes respectability, and the desire to control marginalized populations. The discursive literature on prostitution that appeared during this century thus provides an indication of how power manifests itself in unseen ways and how the power of words can shape definitions of sexuality and deviance.
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Lichtmajer, Juan Pablo. "The frontiers of civilisation : history and politics in 19th century Argentina." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275851.
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Bollinger, Heather K. "The North comes South northern Methodists in Florida during Reconstruction." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4849.
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This thesis examines three groups of northern Methodists who made their way to north Florida during Reconstruction: northern white male Methodists, northern white female Methodists, and northern black male and female Methodists. It analyzes the ways in which these men and women confronted the differences they encountered in Florida's southern society as compared to their experiences living in a northern society. School catalogs, school reports, letters, and newspapers highlight the ways in which these northerners explained the culture and behaviors of southern freedmen and poor whites in Jacksonville, Gainesville, and Monticello. This study examines how these particular northern men and women present in Florida during Reconstruction applied elements of "the North" to their interactions with the freedmen and poor whites. Ultimately, it sheds light on northern Methodist middle class values in southern society.<br>ID: 030422734; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-83).<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>History<br>Arts and Humanities
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Beebe, D. Blair. "Balzac's Rubempré cycle : a social history of early 19th-century Paris /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Darch, John. "The influence of British Protestant missionaries on the development of the British Empire in Africa and the Pacific circa 1865 to circa 1885." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683148.
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Kakooza, Michael Mirembe. "Mid-Victorian weekly periodicals and anti-Catholic discourse 1850-60 : ideology and English identity." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683162.
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Sotiropoulos, Michail. "European jurisprudence and the intellectual origins of the Greek state : the Greek jurists and liberal reforms (ca 1830‐1880)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9111.
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This thesis builds on, and contributes to recent scholarship on the history of nineteenth‐century liberalism by exploring Greek legal thought and its political implications during the first decades after independence from the Ottomans (ca.1830‐1880). Protagonists of this work of intellectual history are the Greek jurists—a small group of very influential legal scholars—most of whom flocked to the Greek kingdom right after its establishment. By focusing on their theoretical contributions and public action, the thesis has two major contentions. First, it shows that the legal, political and economic thought of the jurists was not only conversant with Continental liberal currents of the Restoration, but, due to the particular local context, made original contributions to liberalism. Indeed, Greek liberals shared a lot with their counterparts in France, Italy and Germany, not least the belief that liberty originated in law and the state and not against them. Another shared feature was the distinction between the elitist liberal variant of the ‘Romanist’ civil lawyers such as Pavlos Kalligas, and the more ‘radical moderate’ version of Ioannis Soutsos and Nikolaos Saripolos. At the same time, the Greek liberals, seeking not to terminate but to institutionalize the Greek revolution, tuned to the radical language of natural rights (of persons and states) and national sovereignty. This language, which sought to control the rulers, put more contestation in power and expand political participation gained wide currency during the crisis of the 1850s, which exposed also the precarious place of Greece in the geography of European civilization. The second contention of the thesis is that this ‘transformation of thought’, informed the ‘long revolution’ of the 1860s and the new system of power this latter established. By so doing, it shows that liberal jurisprudence provided the intellectual foundations upon which the modern Greek state was build.
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Ziegler, Christopher Taylor. "Jeffersonianism and 19th century American maritime defense policy." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1110103-111416/unrestricted/ZieglerC120103a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1110103-111416. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Brusius, Mirjam Sarah. "Preserving the forgotten : William Henry Fox Talbot, photography and the antique." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609959.
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Abraham, Adam. "Spurious Victorians : imitation and the nineteenth-century novel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cbf24b85-cc63-42be-ba84-2f065942c4d8.
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In 'A Critique of Modern Textual Criticism', Jerome J. McGann writes, '[A]n author's work possesses autonomy only when it remains an unheard melody'. For the published and successful writer in the nineteenth century, such autonomy was often unattainable. Publications such as The Pickwick Papers inspired an array of opportunistic successors, including stage plays, unauthorized sequels, jest books, song books, and shilling and penny imitations. Despite the proliferation, this strain of writing is rarely studied. This thesis recovers ephemeral, scurrilous texts, often anonymous or pseudonymous, and reads them in the context of their canonical sources. Retrieving bibliographical environments, it demonstrates how plagiaristic, parodic, and willfully unoriginal works impacted on the careers of three novelists: Charles Dickens, Edward Bulwer Lytton, and George Eliot. The thesis argues that formal distinctions among modes of Victorian writing - criticism, parody, and plagiarism - often blur. Further, it argues that our understanding of a particular novelist's work must be broadened to include sequels, spinoffs, and imitations: to know a particular author means to know the spurious and oftentimes bad (morally or aesthetically) works that the author inspired. The Spurious Victorians of the title form something of countercanon to the 'major' writers of the period. Thomas Peckett Prest, Rosina Bulwer Lytton, and Joseph Liggins, among many others, informed and influenced the literary history that has in turn denied them admission. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote, 'If only men of genius were to write, Lord help us! how many books would there be?' Of course, Victorian print culture found room for the genius and the subgenius, Boz as well as Bos. 'Spurious Victorians' recovers works that have been lost from view in order to better understand the process by which an individual authorial voice emerged amid an echo chamber of competing, imitative voices.
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Belknap, Geoffrey David. "'From a photograph' : photography and the periodical print press 1870-1890." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609850.
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Butler-Roberts, Jessica. "Fashioning distinction| construction of identity through dress and photography in nineteenth-century Paris." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252491.
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<p> In mid-nineteenth-century Paris those associated with the intellectual and artistic sectors used distinction in dress as a defining characteristic in the creation of their social image and identity. With the growing bourgeois masses due to the vast expansion and modernization of the city, distinction became the way in which one could separate from the crowd to emerge as an individual. This notion grew out of two specific factions: the awareness of dress as an outward reflection of the self, and the newly developed medium of photography as a tool for capturing one’s likeness. This thesis will trace the utilization of these concepts by examining Nadar’s portraits of Charles Baudelaire, Théophile Gautier, and Sarah Bernhardt, as well as Countess de Castiglione’s collaborative portrait work with the photographer Pierre-Louise Pierson. </p><p> Baudelaire and Gautier, both prolific poets and art critics, were some of the first to bring about critical discourse on the distinction of clothing, as well as the importance of inserting modern dress into art. Both men implemented these methods when making their individual choices for representation, with Gautier often presenting himself far outside the sartorial norm. While most women of Parisian society abided by strict moral rules of dressing, Bernhardt and Castiglione instead challenged these norms and used dress to represent themselves as individuals apart from family or a husband. More than solely focusing on everyday dress, this thesis will concentrate on the utilization of distinction in their public image captured through photography.</p>
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Andrews, Matthew Paul. "Durham University : last of the ancient universities and first of the new (1831-1871)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52d639b8-a555-48ce-8226-af71d19cb346.
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This thesis is a study of Durham University, from its inception in 1831 to the opening of the College of Physical Science in Newcastle in 1871. It considers the foundation and early years of the University in the light of local and national developments, including movements for reform in the church and higher education. The approach is holistic, with the thesis based on extensive use of archival sources, parliamentary reports, local and national newspapers, and other primary printed sources as well as a newly-created and entirely unique database of Durham students. The argument advanced in this thesis is that the desire of the Durham authorities was to establish a modern university that would be useful to northern interests, and that their clear failure to achieve this reflected the general issues of the developing higher education sector at least as much as it did internal mismanagement. This places Durham in a different position relative to the traditional understanding of how universities and colleges developed in England and therefore broadens and deepens the quality of that narrative. In the light of the University's swift decline, and poor reputation, from the mid-1850s what were the ambitions of the founders and how did this deterioration occur? Were the critics' accusations against the University - principally that it was a theologically-dominated, inadequate imitation of Oxford, bound to the Chapter of Durham and ruled autocratically by its Warden - based on fact or prejudice? And if the critics were wrong, what were the factors that lead to the University's failings?
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Schuman, Samuel A. "Representation, Narrative, and “Truth”: Literary and Historical Epistemology in 19th-Century France." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1621948796558803.
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Crisp, Zoë Francesca. "The urban back garden in England in the nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607993.
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McCullugh, Erin Elizabeth. ""Heaven's Last, Worst Gift to White Men": The Quadroons of Antebellum New Orleans." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3269.
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Visitors to Antebellum New Orleans rarely failed to comment on the highly visible population of free persons of color, particularly the women. Light, but not white, the women who collectively became known as Quadroons enjoyed a degree of affluence and liberty largely unknown outside of Southeastern Louisiana. The Quadroons of New Orleans, however, suffered from neglect and misrepresentation in nineteenth and twentieth-century accounts.
Historians of slavery and southern black women, for example, have written at length on the sexual experiences of black women and white men. Most of the research, however, centers on the institutionalized rape, victimization, and exploitation of black women at the hands of white males. Even late into the twentieth century, scholars largely failed to distinguish the experiences of free women of color from those of enslaved women with little nuance in regard to economic, educational, and cultural differences. All women of color -- whether free or enslaved -- continued to be viewed through the lens of slavery. Studies that examine free women of color were rare and those focusing exclusively on them alone were virtually nonexistent. As a result, the actual experiences of free women of color in the Gulf States passed unnoticed for generations. In the event that the Quadroons of New Orleans were mentioned at all, it was normally within the context of the mythologized balls or in scandalous tales where they played the role of mistress to white men, subsequently resulting in a one dimensional character that lived expressly for the enjoyment of white males.
Due to the relative silence of their own voices, approaching the topic of New Orleans’ Quadroons at length is difficult at best. But by placing these women within a wider pan-Atlantic framework and using extant legal records, the various African, Caribbean, French, and Spanish cultural threads emerge that contributed to the colorful cultural tapestry of Antebellum New Orleans. These influences enabled such practices as placage and by extension, the development of an intellectual, wealthy, vibrant Creole community of color headed by women.
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Owens, Emily Alyssa. "Fantasies of Consent: Black Women's Sexual Labor in 19th Century New Orleans." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845425.
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Fantasies of Consent: Black Women’s Sexual Labor 19th Century New Orleans draws on Louisiana legal statutes and Louisiana State Supreme Court records, alongside French and Spanish Caribbean colonial law, slave narratives, and pro-slavery writing, to craft legal, affective, and economic history of sex and slavery in antebellum New Orleans. This is the first full-length project on the history of non-reproductive sexual labor in slavery: I historicize the lives of women of color who sold, or were sold for, sex to white men. I analyze those labors, together, to understand major elements of sexual labor in the history of slavery. I theorize the meaning of sexual labor and imagine the kinds of world(s) these arrangements brought into existence, and the ways that sex and its attendant affects articulated pleasure and violence within those worlds.
This project offers the framework racialized sexual commerce to name the capacious intersection of sexual commerce and racial commerce, in order to imagine a singular, integrated sexual economy. This project also frames sexual labor outside of dominant scholarly approaches that seek out evidence of rape and consent. Building on these two foundational frameworks, this project argues that the antebellum sex market trafficked in affective objects, that is, affective experiences attached to labor (sex) and made into the primary commodities of this market. Fantasies of Consent asks what kinds of pleasures the bodies of women of color were called upon to produce for white men within the sex economy, what kinds of pleasures they themselves were able to inherit, and how both sets of pleasures emerged from and were therefore imbricated within the violence of the market. I argue that in the sex market, there was no pure consent—no pleasure, no freedom—that was not already shaped by the market through which it was articulated. Affective objects remade the violence of a sex trade that lived and breathed because of slavery as pleasure, revealing the impossibility of disentangling pleasure from violence within antebellum sexual commerce.<br>African and African American Studies
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Baldridge, Kalyn Rochelle. "L'auguste Autrichienne| Representations of Marieantoinette in 19th Century French Literature and History." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10629008.
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<p> Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna, or as she is most well-known, Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793) spent her entire life under the watchful eye of many. Fashioned from birth as an Austrian aristocrat, she was transported to France at age fourteen to meet and marry the future king of France. From the onset of her arrival, French writers made attempts to capture what they observed. However, personal bias, political leanings, and accepted rumor led them to do more than record what they saw. Rather than simply narrate a scene, these early witnesses of Marie-Antoinette became the interpreters of her thoughts, motives and feelings. As these interpretations grew, they became widely accepted as truth and eventually became the agents leading to Marie-Antoinette’s demise, as previous biographers and historians of Marie-Antoinette have amply discussed.</p><p> In this dissertation I suggest going beyond an analysis of the literature that led to Marie-Antoinette’s death, and examining the numerous times that Marie-Antoinette’s story was reinterpreted during the century after her death. I will examine nineteenth-century texts from several different authors and genres, including: the historical biographies of Christophe de Montjoye, Lafont d’Aussonne, Alcide de Beauchesne, Edmond and Jules Goncourt, and Horace de Viel-Castel; the eye-witness testimonies of Jean-Baptist Cléry, Henriette Campan, and Rosalie Lamorlière; the historical fiction of Elisabeth Guénard Brossin de Méré and Alexandre Dumas; and finally the archival compilations of Emile Campardon and Gaston Lenotre. I will examine each author’s choice of genre, as well as how contemporary trends in literature, historical studies and even politics influenced their interpretation of Marie-Antoinette.</p><p>
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Ravikumar, Meghana. "The Dancer vs. The Adjudicator: Devadasi Resistance in the 19th-Century Court." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/987.
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This thesis investigates the dynamics between devadasi women and judges in the Anglo-Indian court in the Madras Presidency of 19th-century colonial India. The thesis focuses on how the devadasis navigated the colonial legal system and the strategies they utilized as well as the role of the judges' preconceived notions and prejudice in determining the decisions they made.
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Malone, Hannah Olivia. "Nineteenth-century Italian cemeteries : the social and political basis of funerary architecture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648217.
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Miller, Nikki L. "The American Civil War and Other 19th Century Influences on the Development of Nursing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194076.
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The Industrial Revolution created sweeping cultural and technological changes in 19th century American society. During this era, nursing evolved from an unskilled to a skilled form of work. Changes in manufacturing, communication, and transportation occurred differentially in America, which favored the growth of different regional economies. Sectionalism erupted into the first modern war in American history. The Civil War created the conditions in which nursing, medicine, and the hospital formed organizational structures, roles, and boundaries that would later form the template for the modern healthcare system. The purpose of this research was to study how the context and culture of mid-nineteenth century American life affected the evolution of nursing during the Civil War, and the later affect it would have on skilled nursing knowledge, roles, education, and practice. The overall goal of the work is to contribute to the body of research on parallel historic processes that had an influence over the formation of early skilled nursing practice and the evolution of the nursing role. The effect of parallel processes associated with the Industrial Revolution and the advent of modern warfare on the development of skilled nursing were the particular focus of this research. A social history methodology was utilized to examine texts and discourse from the Civil War period. It was found that advances in transportation, communication, and manufacturing were both integral to the advent of modern war and modern nursing, and that the advent of these was highly integrated. It was also found that the industrialization of the hospital in response to wartime was highly influential on the development of skilled nursing programs later in the century. The role that nurses would take in the postbellum hospital, however, reflected the mass media image of nursing generated during the war rather than actual wartime practice.
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Beltrán, Tapia Francisco J. "Common lands and economic development in 19th and early 20th century Spain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4215d6d1-e979-4ac5-b023-b49a4a01d9a0.
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This dissertation contributes to the long-standing debate between those who argue that the enclosure of the commons was as a precondition to foster economic growth and those who defend common property regimes can be efficient and sustainable. Exploiting historical evidence from 19<sup>th</sup> century and early 20<sup>th</sup> century Spain, this research shows that the persistence of the commons in some Spanish regions was not detrimental to economic development, at least relative to the institutional arrangements they were replaced with. On the contrary, during the early stages of modern economic growth, the communal regime not only did not limit agricultural productivity growth, but indeed constituted a crucial part of the functioning of the rural economics in a number of ways. On the one hand, these collective resources complemented rural incomes and, subsequently, sustained households' consumption capacity. The reduction in life expectancy and heights in the provinces where privatisation was more intense, as well as the negative effect on literacy levels, strongly supports that the privatisation of the commons deteriorated the living standards of a relatively large part of the population. On the other hand, the communal regime also significantly contributed to financing the municipal budget. Deprived from this important source of revenue, local councils became unable to adequately fund local public goods and ended up increasing local taxes. Lastly, the social networks developed around the use and management of these collective resources facilitated the diffusion of information and the building of mutual knowledge and trust, thus constituting a vital ingredient of the social glue that hold these rural communities together. All things considered, the persistence of the commons in some regions provided peasants with cooperation mechanisms different from the market and made the transition to modern economic growth more socially sustainable.
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Day, Joseph. "Leaving home and migrating in nineteenth-century England and Wales : evidence from the 1881 census enumerators' books (CEBs)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283973.
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Darby, Michael. "The emergence of the Hebrew Christian movement in nineteenth-century Britain." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683333.
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Sliwka, Anne. "Transplanting liberal education : higher education in 19th century Bombay Presidency, India (1821-1904)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267493.
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Southern, Richard Lloyd Vaughan. "Industrialisation, residential mobility and the changing social morphology of Edinburgh and Perth, c. 1850-1900." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13815.
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The aim of this research is to advance the understanding of the impacts of the industrial revolution on urban space during the period 1850-1900. This was a period of great dynamism with high levels of social and economic change, political radicalism and urban growth that had profound effects on the urban landscape. In contrast to much previous research on Victorian urban space, the case study settlements used are Edinburgh and Perth, Scottish burghs with diverse economies not dominated by a heavy industrial sector. The analysis uses data from a variety of sources including the census, valuation rolls and the Register of Sasines. It also draws insights from structuration theory by examining the spatial outcome of various processes in terms of the reflexive relationship between structural factors such as class and capitalism and the residential movements of individuals (agents). Three scales of analysis are used. Thus, meso-scale socio-spatial change is seen as affected by both macro-scale structures and micro-scale actions of agents. By constructing a series of maps and measures of the distribution of social groups at various times over the half century, the thesis demonstrates that socio-spatial differentiation increased markedly over the period. The processes driving this socio-spatial change are identified as the operations of the housing market, structured feeling and mobility. The detailed roles of each is examined. Together, it is argued these are the modalities which link structures and agents and are thus the proximate determinants of socio-spatial change.
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Callison, Hugh A. "Nineteenth-century orchestral trombone playing in the United States." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/474196.
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The nineteenth century was a time of musical and cultural growth in the United States. Six of the major orchestras which exist today were established during this time. From the birth of the New York Philharmonic in 1842 through the founding of the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1900, audiences that valued orchestral music provided an impetus for professional orchestral development.A comprehensive review of the events leading up to the establishment of the New York Philharmonic, Boston Symphony, Chicago Symphony, Cincinnati Symphony, and Philadelphia Orchestras provides a basis for understanding the nature of professional orchestral trombone playing in the United States before 1900. It was found that orchestras were established in a common manner though growth was often retarded by social and economic factors. The Civil War, especially, was an event which momentarily hindered the growth of American symphony orchestras.Biographical data about the orchestral trombone players of the nineteenth century is very incomplete in the standard texts for American music history. A registry of orchestral trombonists in the United States during this period identifies 65 trombone players who were active in major symphony orchestras. An examination of the lives of some of the better-known orchestral trombonists shows that most of these musicians immigrated from Germany. The largest number of these musicians seem to have immigrated during a period from about 1870 to 1900. These capable musicians were leaders in the development of orchestras whose personal performance was reported to be of high quality. Especially influential was Frederick Lesch, a trombonist in the Theodore Thomas Orchestra and the New Philharmonic, who served as a principal player, bass trombonist, and soloist. His performance of Ferdinand David's Concertino for Trombone and orchestra is a landmark in the growth of orchestral trombone playing.A review of literature which includes a listing of all pieces performed by major orchestras during the nineteenth century establishes the repertoire of the orchestral trombonist of the period. Through analysis of this repertoire, the technical requirements for orchestral trombone playing are established. Technique, pitch range, and dynamic range were areas where the greatest demands were made upon the players. The orchestral trombonists of the nineteenth century were indeed pioneers who set the stage for today's orchestral trombone players.