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1
Hahrs, Jakob, Pehr Andersson, David Evaldsson, and Jakob Hulenvik. "Distributionsstrukturer för FMCG-varor : - en intervjustudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36423.
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Inom logistiken finns det ett antal frågeställningar, där struktur är ett viktigt område. Strukturfrågorna berör bland annat distributionen, exempelvis om en färdig produkt ska lagras eller skickas direkt till kund samt hur själva transporten ska gå till. Distributionsstrukturen syftar till att överbrygga de gap som uppstår mellan producerande företag och konsumenterna av deras produkter. Distributionen är i vissa fall mer komplex än företaget i sig, där beslutsfattandet kan handla om vilka delar som ska outsourcas och vilka externa aktörer som ska samarbetas med. Val gällande distributionen kan vara avgörande för ett företags lönsamhet och konkurrensförmåga. Många författare hävdar dock att det inte finns någon generellt svar på hur en distributionsstruktur ska utformas utan det skiljer sig från situation till situation, exempelvis beroende på produkttyp. En produktgrupp där distributionen är av betydelse är FMCG-varor, då de bland annat kännetecknas av en stor geografisk spridning, hög lageromsättningshastighet och frekventa inköp.
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Olsson, Julia, and Julia Samaan. "Development of e-commerce within fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231065.
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Today, we can observe a shift in consumer behavior where more products are being consumed online. For food or so called fast moving consumer goods it has taken longer to start this transition than for other industries such as books and electronics but now it is on the rise and it has been an overall increase of 30 to 37 % in the last couple of years. A continuous increase in e-commerce will most likely lead to major changes in the real estate industry as the retail industry will not be in need of physical stores to the same way as they are used today. In line with these structural changes new business models will be created that strikes out old ones. The aim of this report is to account for the development of e-commerce within fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and to evaluate the business models of the main traditional retailers. By comparing how retailer’s business models meet the underlying theory of consumers purchasing behavior online, the purpose is to explain what retailers will be successful in the future. To fulfil the aim of the report an examination has been made of relevant theories such as the theory of planned behavior and its key factors essential to run a successful business model for online retailing within FMCG. Apart from the theory of planned behavior, the business model of IKEA that has been proven to be successful, is used as a reference model. The research is restricted to two of our four main retailers in Sweden for food which is ICA and Bergendahls (City Gross). To answer the research questions a qualitative method has been used in the thesis by performing two case studies on ICA respectively Bergendahls with the collection of primary data in form of interviews, which have been complemented with secondary data. By comparing the business models of ICA and Bergendahls with the theoretical models and the reference object IKEA the purpose is to determine if they will be successful online or not. The key to having a successful business model and online platform is to focus mainly on the wired lifestyle and the customers attitude towards it, which is the most important factor affecting the consumers’ intention towards buying food online. Freshness and novelty are the second and third most important factors affecting the consumers’ intention towards buying food online and therefore shall these factors be the retailers next focus area. In order to pin point what is important for their business and to be able to focus on the right factors for being successful and gaining market shares the retailers should have a separate model for e-commerce.Idag kan vi observera ett förändrat konsumentbeteende där fler produkter konsumeras online. För mat som hör till så kallade snabbrörliga konsumtionsvaror har det tagit längre tid att påbörja denna övergång mot e-handel i jämförelse med andra industrier så som böcker och elektronik, men denna förändring är nu på god väg och det har skett en övergripande ökning med 30 - 37% under de senaste åren. En kontinuerlig ökning av e-handel kommer sannolikt att leda till stora förändringar inom fastighetsbranschen eftersom att detaljhandeln inte kommer att behöva ha fysiska butiker i samma utsträckning. I linje med dessa strukturella förändringar skapas nya affärsmodeller som slår ut gamla. Syftet med denna rapport är att redogöra för utvecklingen av e-handel inom snabbrörliga konsumentvaror (FMCG) och att utvärdera affärsmodellerna hos de största detaljhandlarna. Genom att jämföra hur detaljisternas affärsmodeller uppfyller den underliggande teorin om konsumenters köpbeteende online, är syftet att förklara vilka återförsäljare som kommer att lyckas i framtiden sett till den nämnda teorin. För att uppfylla syftet med rapporten har relevanta teorier granskats så som teorin om planerat beteende och dess centrala faktorer som är nödvändiga för att driva en framgångsrik affärsmodell inom online-detaljhandel för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Förutom teorin om planerat beteende används affärsmodellen för referensobjektet IKEA som referensmodell på grund av IKEA:s framgång. Forskningen är begränsad till två av de fyra största återförsäljarna av mat i Sverige vilka är ICA och Bergendahls (City Gross). För att besvara forskningsfrågorna har en kvalitativ metod använts i avhandlingen genom att utföra två fallstudier på ICA respektive Bergendahls med insamling av primära data i form av intervjuer, vilka kompletterats med sekundära data. Genom att jämföra ICA:s och Bergendahls affärsmodeller med de teoretiska modellerna samt med referensobjektet IKEA är syftet att bestämma om återförsäljarnas affärsmodeller kommer att bli framgångsrika online eller ej. Slutsatsen som nåtts är att nyckeln till att ha en framgångsrik affärsmodell och online-plattform är att fokusera främst på den uppkopplade livsstilen och kundernas inställning till den, vilket är den viktigaste faktorn som påverkar konsumenternas intention till att köpa mat online. Färskhet och nymodighet är den andra och tredje viktigaste faktorn som påverkar konsumenternas intention till att köpa mat online och därför bör dessa faktorer vara detaljhandlarens nästa fokusområde. Detaljhandlarna bör ha en separat affärsmodell för e-handel för att kunna precisera det viktigaste för deras affärer, kunna fokusera på rätt faktorer för att nå framgång och ta marknadsandelar.
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Mokhtar, Jonathan, Marcus Larsson, and Martin Westman. "Efterfrågeprognoser : ”En jämförelse av prognosmodeller med avseende på FMCG-marknaden”." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35868.
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An organization must manage its resource consumption and material flows in order to satisfy the demand of its products as efficiently as possible. Managing of the aforementioned requires a balance between the organizations resources (such as the capability of distribution and production) and the market demand. According to Gardner (1990), an estimation of future demand is a necessity for maintaining the balance. An instrument that is used frequently to estimate future demand is demand forecasting. The demand forecasting practice has been thoroughly studied and a plethora of academic contributions exist on the topic. However, a best practice demand forecasting method does not exist for every kind of product. The purpose of this paper is to identify which time series forecasting method that will result in the lowest error rate on fast moving consumer goods. The methods are based on sales data of 18 articles from the company Coca-Cola Enterprises Sverige AB which predominantly sells soft drinks. The majority of the theoretical framework is time series models presented by the authors Stig-Arne Mattsson, Patrik Jonsson and Steven Nahmias. The paper identifies Exponential smoothing with individual input variables as the forecasting method with the lowest error rate. The method gave the lowest possible error rate on over 55 percent of the articles. In addition, the combined error rate of the articles using Exponential smoothing with individual input variables gave the lowest overall error.
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Maicu, Maria Christina. "Stress and its effects on the employees in a Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) organisation." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6318.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom (IPS)Employees in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry are at risk of experiencing high levels of stress and burnout. Females are especially even more at risk due to their work-load as well as home-life balance and child rearing responsibilities which could have a spill over effect at work. Although sources of stress vary for employees due to their work as well as life experiences, it could still result in negative and detrimental outcomes in their personal as well as professional lives. Stress could further lead to burnout, resulting in an employee developing a lack of personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion (the extent to which emotional resources are depleted), as well as depersonalisation (negative, cynical attitudes and feelings towards others). This study highlights the significant relationship between occupational stress and burnout as experienced by males and females working in a factory in the Western Cape. A sample of 120 employees was selected from a population of 1000 workers in the fast moving consumer goods industry. For this study, a quantitative research was undertaken, which involved the use of a probability sampling method. The measuring instruments included the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (WLQ) for stress and the construct burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service (MBI) respectively. Results were obtained by using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and T-tests. Permission to conduct this research study on employees was obtained from the management of the factory. Informed consent, as well as anonymity and confidentiality of the employees' responses were ensured.
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Hu, J. "Patterns of control in the Chinese supply networks in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) Industry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604694.
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This study develops a holistic framework for the control system of supply networks (CSSN) from the perspectives of control processes, control mechanisms and variations of the control systems. It structures and integrates existing knowledge on supply chain management, production operations and network governance, updates cybernetics control concepts for the environment of supply networks, and provides guidance for practitioners to design and evaluate the control systems for their supply networks. Recently, the increasingly tight cooperation of companies and supply networks has called for effective ways to manage the network. Traditional management control has focused on organizational control, based on hierarchical and authoritative motivations. However, in network organization, classic control methods fail to deliver desirable results. Theories on networks and supply chains also lack in-depth discussion of an integrated solution package. This research fills the gap of literature and practice by proposing a loop model embedded with control mechanisms which link all the elements in the supply networks. This research also proposes a new classification for supply networks which matches corresponding control systems. The primary findings of this study are that: The basic components of CSSN are the “control procedures”, i.e. planning – feedback – adjustment; The crucial components of CSSN are the “control mechanisms” that support and complement control procedures. They include operational mechanisms (amplifiers, collectors, filters and action selectors) and configurational mechanisms (transformers); and The four types of supply networks, i.e. organic, parental, bureaucratic and mechanistic networks, correspond to their own control systems, which are the variations of the generic CSSN model.
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Morel, Magali, and Francis Kwakye. "Green marketing: Consumers´ Attitude towards Eco-friendly Products and Purchase Intention in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59596.
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The research study is on the green marketing but specifically on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intention of eco-friendly products. It has been the global concern for the purpose of the preservation of the polluting and degradation of environment. Many studies have been done on the green marketing exploring the importance of the topic and relationship to the attitude and purchasing behavior of the consumers of eco-friendly products. Through the vital information provided by the expertise, competent and experience researchers, companies have understood the importance of green marketing in order to produce eco-friendly products and these provided much rich information for the literature studies of the thesisThe objective of this research was looked into and explored the influencing of the four traditional marketing-mix elements, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) on attitude and purchasing intentions of consumers on eco-friendly products specifically fasting moving consumer goods (FMCG) or non-durable ones. The purpose of the study was to obtain information from consumers’ point of view. Furthermore, one perspective of the study was to look into the comparison of the Swedish and the Non-Swedish their attitudes towards eco-friendly products. A questionnaire provided to obtain the views of the Swedish and others nationalities, how they are influenced by the marketing-mix elements (4P), satisfaction and WOM concerning green attitudes and purchase intention of eco-friendly products. A quantitative approach was adopted for the study by using a questionnaire, one paper version and another online version the total sample was composed of 174 respondents, 81 were collected through internet by using Google.doc surveys and Facebook and 93 by using standard paper questionnaire form. Furthermore, convenient sample was used to collect data so the chosen boundary was Umeå University and its residents.Our findings indicated that consumers who already bought eco-friendly products and those who are satisfied by these previous purchases were willing to repeat purchases. Indeed satisfaction goes with purchase intention. Furthermore the importance of WOM and Advertising about green products the fact that consumers believe in green claim explain the variance of the purchase intention. Positive attitudes concerning willingness to pay an extra price for green products are also correlated with purchase intention. However we discovered also that positive attitudes towards green products do not always lead to action i.e. purchase of these products. Our findings demonstrated that there were differences in attitudes and purchase intention toward green products between mainly the women and men and between the Swedish and the Non-Swedish.
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Steenkamp, Ernst Nicholas. "Investigating CRM application within the South African FMCG industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1020.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate CRM application in South Africa with specific reference to the FMCG industry in this country. The research started off with a literature review of CRM with reference to its failures and successes as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the system, furthermore the requirements for a successful CRM system were investigated. Interviews were also held with industry experts to gain insights into CRM application in South Africa. The study found that, although the FMCG industry in South Africa is based on the B2B route to market and not on the B2C route to market, CRM still has the potential to add value to the organisation. In addition, the failures of CRM are not industry-specific but common across industries. There are a vast number of reasons for the failure of CRM, ranging from CRM’s exclusion from the company strategy to a lack of change management and a lack of end-user involvement in the implementation of the system and process. Although it would seem that CRM fails more than it succeeds it is not due to the system itself but to human nature and reluctance to change. The research clearly illustrates that CRM fails as a result of human decisions and the disadvantages posed by the system. It is clear that CRM starts with the organisation’s strategy. If CRM complies or fits in with the strategy of the company it will succeed. What’s more, CRM has to be driven from top management down. Lastly, CRM will work for the FMCG industry of South Africa and will add value to any organisation dealing with customers. However, this will only be realised if the organisation follows a customer-centric approach and if CRM is not seen as an IT project but rather as part of the organisational culture.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die toepassing van CRM (kliënteverhoudings-bestuur – customer relationship management) in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die bedryf vir vlot verkoopbare verbruikersgoedere (FMCG – fast-moving consumer goods) in dié land. Die navorsing het met ’n literatuuroorsig van CRM begin met verwysing na die mislukkings, suksesse en die voor- en nadele van die stelsel. Die vereistes vir ’n suksesvolle CRM-stelsel is ook ondersoek. Daarby is onderhoude met kundiges in die bedryf gevoer om insig in die toepassing van CRM in Suid-Afrika te verkry. Die studie het bevind dat hoewel die FMCG-bedryf in Suid-Afrika op die B2B roete na mark en nie op die B2C roete na mark gegrond is nie, het CRM steeds die potensiaal om waarde tot die organisasie toe te voeg. Daarby is die gebreke van CRM nie bedryfspesifiek nie maar kom dit algemeen by alle bedryfsrigtings voor. Die talle redes vir die mislukkig van CRM wissel van die uitsluiting van CRM van die maatskappy se strategie tot by ’n gebrek aan veranderingsbestuur en ’n gebrek aan eindgebruiker-betrokkenheid in die implementering van die stelsel en die proses. Hoewel dit voorkom of CRM meer misluk as wat dit slaag, is dit nie die gevolg van die stelsel self nie maar van die menslike aard en onwilligheid om te verander. Die navorsing toon duidelik aan dat CRM as gevolg van menslike besluite en die nadele van die stelsel misluk. Dit is duidelik dat CRM by die organisasie se strategie begin. Indien CRM aan die maatskappystrategie voldoen of daarby inpas, sal dit slaag. Daarby moet CRM deur topbestuur van bo af gedryf word. Laastens sal CRM vir die FMCG-bedryf in Suid-Afrika werk en waarde tot enige organisasie toevoeg wat met kliënte werk. Dit sal egter net realiseer indien die organisasie ’n kliëntgesentreerde benadering volg en indien CRM nie as ’n IT-projek nie maar as deel van die organisasie se kultuur gesien word.
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Mazibuko, Aaron Lekatjo. "Brand loyalty of cereal products / Aaron Lekatjo Mazibuko." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4427.
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The South African breakfast market consists of several brand products for cereal products, and some of the products are produced locally while others are imported. Cereal products are classified under fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). The majority of the cereal products are easy to serve. The following brands are common in South Africa and have been listed according to their popularity with
consumers: Kellogg's Corn Flakes, Kellog's Special K, Jungle Oats, Cheerios and Weet Bix.
Kellogg's Corn Flakes are made from maize (corn) and provides guidelines daily amounts (GDA) for
each of the nutrients.
Branding may consist of building an emotional response or cultural response. As consumers are
bombarded with a variety of products to meet the same needs, branding provides a way for
consumers to reduce their decision-making to consider only those products that they feel are relevant to them or that have met their needs acceptably in the past. If brand loyalty were a random event, there would be no purpose in making it the object of applied scientific enquiry. Verbal reports are insufficient for defining brand loyalty. Such loyalty requires that statements of bias be accompanied by
biased purchasing behaviour.
The study was conducted to determine factors that influence the consumers to constantly use a
particular brand, and prefer it above other cereal products. A literature and empirical study form part of this study. Questionnaires were used as a measuring instrument to determine which factors the consumer considers important in choosing a particular cereal product. Data analysis was done by means of a factor analysis.
A brand loyalty framework developed by Moola was used in classifying the brand loyalty influences.
To a large extent the research concluded that brand loyalty in the cereal market is similar to that found in bread, coffee and toothpaste (as per mentioned model). However, some differences with regard to the brand loyalty influences have been found. This study did not determine if these differences are related to cereal as FMCG, or the specific consumer market that was analysed.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Pivovarník, Jan. "Aplikace systému řízení marketingových kampaní v oblasti retail FMCG." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199228.
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This thesis focuses on marketing campaign life cycle management and customer relationship management in the area of fast moving consumer goods. Because of the highly competitive nature of this market the companies are in search of ways how to gain an advantage over their competitors -- which can be more effective marketing towards customers. The main goals of this thesis are completion of thorough theoretical fundamentals and subsequently design of methodology of marketing campaign management. The theoretical part of this thesis presents basic concepts and discuses the topic separately from both technology and marketing standpoint. Also this part presents current trends in the EMM area and explains the customer relationship management specifics of the FMCG market. Practical chapters consist in development of the marketing campaign lifecycle methodology. The methodology is based on theoretical concepts presented in the first part of thesis and my own professional experience with implementation projects. The main merit of this thesis is development of the methodology, which is technology independent, intuitive, flexible and utilizable not only in the FMCG area. Another merit is drawing up of complex theoretical concepts that are merely covered by professional literature.
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Africa, Rochelle. "The relationship between authentic leadership and employee psychological capital in an organisation within the fast moving consumer goods food industry (FMCG), Western Cape." The University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5770.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom (IPS)The recent economic situation in South Africa including the weak rand has led to a number of problems within the workplace including, retrenchment, unemployment, protracted strikes, decrease in motivation and fear of being jobless (Du Plessis & Barkhuizen, 2012). Instead of focusing on how the economy negatively affects employees with regards to their burnout, stress and job insecurity, organisations need to take a more positive approach and consider how individuals persevere through challenging times and still maintain a high sense of work performance. Recently that notion has changed as organisations moved their focus to positive organisational psychology. The positive psychology movement was spearheaded by Martin Seligman (Luthans, 2002). Seligman who was the American Psychology Association President began to understand and realised that little focus was given to the individual?s strength and that was how the positive psychology movement started (Luthans, 2002). Authentic leadership studies the leader?s transparent and genuine leadership style. Authentic leadership is an important leadership characteristic as the employees will start to trust their authentic leaders and hence the leader will be more likely to role-model behaviours that include hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism, which form the core dimensions of psychological capital. The study will establish whether the leader?s leadership style has an impact on the employee?s psychological capital. Data was collected through the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) the authentic leadership questionnaire (ALQ) and a biographical questionnaire. Probability sampling was used to gather the data of the present study. The data was analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS).The study found that there was a relationship between authentic leadership and the three dimensions of psychological capital (hope, efficacy, and optimism). The dimension of resilience had no correlation with authentic leadership, which means that the leader?s leadership style does not influence or motivate the employee to be resilient. From the findings, it is evident that the organisation needs to focus more on the authentic leadership behaviours and resilience of employees. This is likely to assist the organisation with improving retention and engagement of employees.
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Rohrs, Werner. "The effect of product mix complexity in the FMCG industry, with specific focus on manufacturing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85165.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Product Mix Complexity is a very real issue in modern companies. As globalisation and competition increase, markets mature and the needs of individual consumers get ever more specific, the trend towards more product variety will grow. Product Mix refers to the full range of products that a company offers to its customers. Product Mix Complexity refers to the effect that this product variety has on organizational performance. Understanding and management of this problem is difficult due to the many organizational elements involved, the complicated relationship between these elements and the fact that the problem crosses functional organization boundaries. A company may choose to differentiate itself in the market by offering a broad product mix. To do this effectively the price that can be asked for an item must offset the additional costs brought on by this complexity. This balance between variety that drives sales, and the costs of the added complexity is at the core of the effective management of Product Mix Complexity. The effect of this complexity in manufacturing relates to the loss of scale efficiencies and the need for flexibility in operations. Due to the difficulty in understanding the complex effects of variety, company portfolios tend to proliferate, resulting in a very skewed spread of product contributions where a small % of products contribute a high proportion of company profits. Management processes that continuously evaluate the total profitability of their portfolios from a ‘cost of complexity’ point of view are needed. Cost accounting systems often do not accurately account for this cost of complexity. The effects of Product Mix Complexity are investigated in Cadbury South Africa. The business displays clear signs of having a classical ‘Pareto’ spread of products where a ‘long tail’ of small volume products add very little profit to the business. The Port Elizabeth factory is an above average complex plant within the Cadbury group. It was found that the cost allocation system employed by Cadbury is not accurately allocating costs to products and is thereby aggravating the proliferation of the Cadbury product portfolio. Potential savings by rationalizing the Cadbury product portfolio are identified. A number of recommendations to better manage the presence of Product Mix Complexity are made, both for the business as a whole and for manufacturing specifically.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Produkmengselkompleksiteit is alomteenwoordig in moderne besighede. Die neiging tot meer produkverskeidenheid groei namate globalisering, kompetisie en verbruikers se behoeftes na verskeidenheid toeneem. ‘Produkmengsel’ verwys na die volle reeks produkte wat ’n maatskappy aan die mark bied. ‘Produkmengselkompleksiteit’ verwys na die effek wat produkverskeidenheid het op die doeltreffendheid van ’n besigheid. Die probleem is moeilik om te definieer en te verstaan as gevolg van die baie besigheidselemente wat betrokke is, die komplekse verhoudinge tussen hierdie elemente en die multi-funksionele aard van die probleem. Vir strategiese redes wil ’n maatskappy soms ’n groot verskeidenheid produkte aanbied om hom te onderskei in die mark. Om hierdie strategie winsgewend te maak moet die prys wat behaal word opmaak vir die ekstra kostes wat aangegaan word om die breë verskeidenheid te kan aanbied. Die balans tussen die interne koste van verskeidenheid en die voordeel van die verskeidenheid is baie belangrik in die effektiewe bestuur van produkmengselkompleksiteit. Omdat die effek van verskeidenheid moeilik is om te definieer, neig maatskappye daarna om liewer te veel as te min produkte aan te bied. Die gevolg is dikwels ‘n ongebalanseerde distribusie van produkwinsgewendheid waar ’n klein persentasie produkte verantwoordelik is vir die oorgrote meerderheid van die wins. Bestuursprosesse wat produkportefeuljes vanuit ‘n kompleksiteitskoste oogpunt evalueer ontbreek dikwels. Produkkostemodelle neem ook dikwels nie hierdie koste akkuraat in ag nie. Die effek van produkmengselkompleksiteit in Cadbury Suid-Afrika word in hierdie studie ondersoek. Dit is duidelik dat Cadbury Suid-Afrika ’n klassieke ‘Pareto’ effek vertoon waar ’n lang stert van klein produkte baie min tot besigheidswins-gewendheid bydra. Die Port Elizabeth fabriek vertoon ook bogemiddelde kompleksiteit relatief tot ander Cadbury fabrieke. Kompleksiteitskostes word nie akkuraat toegedeel tot produkkostes nie, met die gevolg dat klein produkte aanhoudend tot die produkmengsel gevoeg word. Die potensiële besparings as gevolg van rasionalisasie van die produkportefeulje is bereken. Aanbevelings vir die beter bestuur van produkmengselkompleksiteit word gemaak vir die besigheid as ’n geheel en vir vervaardiging spesifiek.
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Bruwer, Juan-Pierre. "Sustainability of South African FMCG SMME retail businesses in the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1724.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
MTech: Internal Auditing
In the Faculty of Business
at the
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2010The concept of Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) was created and implemented by the South African Government in an attempt to improve the economy of South Africa, reducing the unemployment rate and eliminating poverty. As a basic objective, SMMEs strive toward sustainability, however in recent years sustainability is at an all time low as substantial a number of these businesses fail to become viable entities. Popular literature show that Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) retail SMMEs make ineffective use of their accounting resources, resulting in them making critical business decisions without understanding and interpreting their financial performance or financial positions. These decisions have a ‘toxic’ affect on their business sustainability and as a result, it is perceived that these SMMEs make inefficient use of financial performance measures. The key objective of this research is to establish what financial performance measures sourced from accounting resources are regarded as being critical for the sustainability of FMCG retail SMMEs during the current dispensation of an economic depression in South Africa. To achieve the above dispensation, applied research will be used using ‘action research’ as the primary research paradigm supported by questionnaires for the purpose of data analysis, results of which were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Recommendations culminate from the research to mitigate the research problem.
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Wärnhjelm, Mathias. "Hållbara inköpsresor : Stads- och handelsutveckling i samverkan." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174147.
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This thesis is focused on the objective: How can the city's transport system and land use be coordinated and stakeholder collaboration be developed, to make the proportion of environmentally sustainable shopping trips increase? Trading and transportation in the town has been developed so that consumer’s traffic dependence has increased and the elderly, children and people without cars have got poorer accessibility to basic services. The consequences in terms of increased car use is negative for environmentally sustainable development. The premise of this thesis is three questions; What knowledge is there in Sweden and internationally on travel and shopping habits? What is the individual's behavior and what determines the choice of travel mode when doing purchasing trips? How does corporations and national, regional and local public agencies coordinate their decision-making? The aim of the thesis is to analyze and discuss how trade and the transportation system can be coordinated and developed to contribute to attractive and environmentally sustainable trade structures. Given this aim it was an important focus of the thesis to study and analyze how the forms of collaboration between stakeholders can be developed A review and analysis is made of the theoretical and practical aspects of individuals' behavior and how collaboration in decision-making can be developed and enhanced. The driving forces behind the emergence of today's trading structures are analyzed as well as their ability to influence society's conditions for increased durability. The state of knowledge is reported when it comes to travel- and purchasing-habits in Sweden and internationally, as well as the observed and projected impacts on traffic and the development of sustainability. Case studies from semi-central business establishments in Nacka, Falun and Umeå with 578 interviews of consumers and nine interviews with stakeholders handling trade in the case study locations, is reported. Results from a Web Panel with 1 839 web interviews with the same issues as in the case studies, but across the country, is described. The final chapters discusses the three questions and the objective and in the final discussion is the most important points highlighted regarding the development of trade in a sustainable and attractive city. A methodology for creating a sustainable trade policy in a municipality as well as a detailed account of the current state description, case studies and web-based survey is reported in the appendices.QC 20151002
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Forsberg, Mikael, and Sara-Maria Löfvenberg. "Socially Desirable Fast Moving Consumer Goods - A Literature Review on How To Decrease the Gap Between Intention & Purchase Behavior Through Marketing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156171.
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Abstract Authors: Mikael Forsberg and Sara-Maria Löfvenberg Tutor: Susanne Åberg Title: Socially Desirable Fast Moving Consumer Goods – A Literature Review on How To Decrease the Gap Between Intention & Purchase Behavior Through Marketing Keywords Branding, Consumer Behavior, Consumer Value Creation, Decision-making, Differentiation, Eco, Ecological, Environmentally Conscious Behavior, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Green Consumer, Green Marketing, In-store marketing, Marketing, Organic, Purchase decision, Socially Desirable, Value Creation. Background and Problem Consumers today are more environmentally conscious than ever. However, it has been found that there is a gap between the consumer’s intention and actual purchase when it comes to products that there is a social pressure to buy for environmental reasons. The potential for the socially desirable segment is estimated to have potential, but growth seems to be slow. It has been stated that until now, there is not enough research done that take a holistic perspective including several fields of marketing. There is a need to review and combine existing literature in various fields of marketing to investigate how the gap can be decreased and sales increased. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to review and combine existing literature in the fields of consumer value creation, decision-making and in-store marketing. By doing so the authors of this thesis aim to present a theoretical model on how producers of socially desirable FMCG can decrease the gap between the consumers’ intention and actual purchase through marketing. Decreasing the gap refers to more fully exploit the potential size of the segment and generate more sales. Method A completely theoretical method was chosen for this thesis. To the authors’ knowledge there has not been done enough specific research to match the purpose of this thesis. A literature review has therefore been conducted within three separate fields of marketing to get a broader understanding of how the gap between intention and actual purchase can be decreased. Based on the extensive literature review, the authors developed ten propositions that formed a model that can be used as the backbone for future theoretical and empirical research. Final Discussion Some highlights of the theoretical discussions earlier in this thesis are presented in the final discussion. The authors suggest that purchase decisions of socially desirable FMCG initially are high-involvement decisions that often are formed outside the in-store-setting. This suggests that more long-term marketing efforts such as brand building in some cases can be more important than in-store marketing when it comes to FMCG that are socially desirable. Symbolic values should be highlighted in branding of socially desirable FMCG because the instrumental differences between FMCG and socially desirable FMCG is limited. It is therefore likely that it is more efficient to focus on consumers’ self-identity to convince them to purchase socially desirable FMCG. It is also important that producers of socially desirable FMCG provide consumers with clear product information in-store and that the products are easy to find. Based on the extensive literature review, the authors have developed eight propositions that form the model presented in this chapter.
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Söderholm, Linda, and Jenny Olofsson. "The Effect of Corporations’ Irresponsible Actions on Young Consumers’ Purchasing Behavior in the FMCG Apparel Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227308.
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Background and Problem: CSI is a topic with a limited amount of research despite it being a very relevant issue and that its counter pole CSR is one of today’s most popular subjects to study. In both areas there is a gap in the literature regarding the apparel industry where there CSI can be evident in many different aspects, especially in the production process. In the FMCG market, the demand for apparel that has been produced ethically has increased over the years. Still, the importance that the consumers place on ethical attributes in their purchase decisions is rather unknown. Purpose: The study's purpose is to investigate the young consumers’ emotions towards FMCG apparel corporations in order to see if CSI actions give them a negative attitude. It will further be explored to see if the attitude towards the corporations reflects in their intentional purchase behavior and their actual behavior. This will provide insight to the young consumers’ knowledge and interest for CSI, aiding corporations in their quest for excellence when it comes to consumer relationships. Method: This research is done through a deductive, qualitative research. A literature review is done to create a great understanding to the concepts of CSI, consumer attitudes and planned behavior. Four focus groups are conducted as a base for the empirical findings. Further, these two chapters are compared in an analysis to get an understanding about the young consumers’ attitudes towards corporations acting unethically and the affects it may have on their planned behavior. Conclusion: Based on the analysis, the study found clear evidence that the participants have a negative attitude towards corporations’ CSI activities. However, these attitudes did not, as theory suggests, have any effect on the participants’ intended and actual purchasing behavior. Instead it is shown that young consumers base their decisions on contextual factors, where the most significant one is price.
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Petersen, Ashwin. "The effectiveness of internal control activities to combat occupational fraud risk in fast-moving consumer goods small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME’s) in the Cape Metropole." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2731.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Internal Auditing
in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologySouth African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the stimulation of the national economy. However, according to previous research studies, these business entities have one of the worst sustainability rates in the world as approximately 80% of South African SMMEs tend to fail after being in operation for only three years. Taking the weak sustainability rate of these business entities into account, further studies suggest that South African SMMEs operate in a harsh economic environment, which, in turn, creates a breeding ground for risks to realise in, including that of occupational fraud risk. According to scholarly literature, the occurrence of occupational fraud risk is believed to stem from the utilisation of inadequate and/or ineffective internal control activities – South African SMMEs, in general, are believed to make use of inadequate and/or ineffective internal control activities. For this research study, focus was placed on investigating the effectiveness of internal control activities used within South African fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) SMMEs to combat occupational fraud risk. This was achieved by conducting a literature review (see Chapter 2) to assist in the development of a survey to, in turn, conduct empirical research by collecting quantitative data from respondents (see Chapter 3). All relevant quantitative data gleaned were analysed using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (see Chapter 4). Based on the analysed data, it was found that although implemented internal control activities in sampled South African FMCG SMMEs were customised, a few internal control activities assisted in the combating of occupational fraud risk while the bulk of internal control activities did not assist in combating occupational fraud risk. Stemming from the study conducted, the inference was made that the occurrence (realisation) of occupational fraud risk may be exacerbated by the implemented internal control activities in South African FMCG SMMEs due to their ineffectiveness.
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Adams, Ashraf. "The impact of utilitarian and hedonic needs satisfaction on brand trust, brand affect and brand loyalty for selected fast moving consumer goods in South Africa." University of the Western cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5556.
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Magister Commercii - MComThe concept of brand loyalty highlights the importance of brands in marketing strategy development because it leads to a stream of benefits for the company (lower marketing costs, less price sensitivity, greater market share and greater profits). Questions thus arise about how brand loyalty is achieved, especially for low involvement product categories classified as fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs). Models of how brand loyalty is built have been tested and most agree that brand loyalty is linked to satisfying customer needs. Knowledge about the type of needs (utilitarian and hedonic) is however, not usually determined. How the different types of needs first influence brand trust and brand affect, before affecting consumer satisfaction, also requires investigation. This study therefore tested how brand building efforts for some selected FMCG brands in South Africa impact on brand loyalty, as well as the extent to which utilitarian and hedonic need satisfaction leads to brand trust and brand affect for these low involvement products. The study also examined the extent to which brand trust and affect influence consumer satisfaction, examined as drivers of attitudinal and behavioural brand loyalty. Quantitative research methods were used to collect and analyse the data, appropriate because of the nature of the research (testing relationships between multi-variables), and the fact that standardised instruments were available to test the proven and valid variables. Data was collected from 272 White, Indian, Coloured and Black South Africans living in Cape Town. The respondents were sampled from malls in Nyanga (targeting Black consumers, most of whom represent lower income consumers), Mitchell's Plain (targeting middle income Coloured and Black consumers), and Canal Walk (targeting high income White, Coloured, Indian and Black consumers), all of which either have SPAR, Pick n Pay or Shoprite/Checkers retailers that sell FMCGs. Structural equation modelling was the main data analysis method for this multivariate investigation.
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Dahl, Martina, and Anna Johnsson. "Extending the Understanding of Sales promotions’ Influence on Brand Knowledge : A Quantitative Study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44946.
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Title: A quantitative study extending the understanding regarding the influence of sales promotion on brand knowledge Background: Sales promotion is a marketing communication activity that aims to promote a purchase, usage or trial of a particular brand. Sales promotion activities can provide significant benefits and incentives that could help the brand to differentiate from competitors and can contribute to the consumer’s brand knowledge. Prior to this thesis, there has been little attempt to integrate research to determine the relationship between the use of sales promotions and brand knowledge, which is why this study intends to extend the existent understanding. Purpose: The aim of this study is to extend the understanding regarding the relationship between sales promotion and brand knowledge and its drivers. Research questions: R1: What influence does monetary promotions have on brand awareness? R2: What influence does monetary promotions have on brand image? R3: What influence does non-monetary promotions have on brand awareness? R4: What influence does non-monetary promotions have on brand image? Hypotheses: H1: Monetary promotions of a brand influence brand awareness H2: Non-monetary promotions of a brand influence brand awareness H3: Monetary promotions of a brand influence brand image H4: Non-monetary promotions of a brand influence brand image Methodology: In order to test the hypotheses a quantitative research approach was conducted and a questionnaire was used to collect data from Swedish consumers, the data was analyzed in the IBM SPSS program to find out if the hypotheses was supported or rejected. Conclusions: H1,H3 and H4: May from this study be supported. H2: May from this study be rejected.
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Pettersson, Daniel, and Anders Olsson. "Varumärkeskapital : Skapande av varumärkeskapital för företag verksamma inom en marknad för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60463.
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Varumärkeskapital är det mervärde som ett varumärke ger en produkt i förhållande till om varumärket inte funnits på produkten. Konsumentbaserat varumärkeskapital innebär vidare att det är i konsumentens medvetande som varumärkeskapitalet existerar. Snabbrörliga konsumentvaror kännetecknas av att de köps ofta och att deras kontakt med konsumenten är begränsad, vidare är de ofta lätta att byta ut. Den här studien undersöker genom kvalitativa intervjuer hur företag bygger varumärkeskapital inom en marknad för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Åtta varumärkesansvariga på företag verksamma inom en marknad för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror har intervjuats för att få reda på deras syn på byggande av varumärkeskapital inom nämnda kontexten. Hela studien utgår i grunden från fem dimensioner av varumärkeskapital nämligen varumärkesassociationer, varumärkeskännedom, varumärkeslojalitet, upplevt värde samt andra varumärkestillgångar. Intervjuerna har sedan analyserats utifrån dessa dimensioner stött av andra relevanta teorier inom ämnet, analysen har också sin grund i det valda syftet. Resultaten av denna studie påvisar hur varumärkeskapital skapas för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror inom de fem dimensionerna av varumärkeskapital. Den bekräftar också att alla dimensioner är viktiga att jobba med för att bygga varumärkeskapital. Inom varumärkesassociationer så är trovärdighet och unicitet viktiga aspekter. Det är extra viktigt att jobba med varumärkeskännedom då konsumenter ofta spenderar kort tid då ett köpbeslut tas för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Att öka konsumenters involvering i varumärket är viktigt för att skapa varumärkeslojalitet. För upplevd kvalitet är det avgörande att arbeta med de sensoriska delarna då en produkt med dålig kvalitet inte blir långvarig, speciellt, inom en marknad för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Att ha fungerande distributionskanaler är viktigt för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror då dessa bidrar till exponering av varumärket. Studien visar att de fem använda dimensionerna är av högsta vikt för byggande av varumärkeskapital inom en marknad för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Vidare finner studien att en aspekt av andra varumärkestillgångar, nämligen distribution, istället kan tillhöra varumärkeskännedom i denna kontext. Studien visar också indikationer på att dimensionen upplevd kvalitet är den viktigaste för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror inom varumärkeskapital Dessa är tre viktiga teoretiska bidrag som studien gett. Vidare är studien av praktiskt värde då den ger rekommendationer hur företag inom denna kontext kan arbeta för att bygga varumärkeskapital utifrån de fem använda dimensionerna.
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Stagg, Christopher D. "New product screening in fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10720/.
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Theory suggests that the dimensions that are incorporated in the new product screening decision will differ according to the stage of the development process. The outcome of the application of different screening dimensions would be quicker, realistic and more reliable screening decisions. This research project builds on existing new product development and screening literature by investigating new product screening in international fast moving consumer goods companies. It further builds on the existing literature by measuring decision-making relating to projects in 'real time', as managers' responses refer to projects they are currently working on. The introduction of branded consumer products allows us to evolve scales used in new product research by further developing variables relating to branding, promotion and retailer power. The project uncovers multiple dimensions of new product screening and evaluation within this branded product sector. These dimensions are found to differ in their ability to discriminate between two groups of accepted and rejected projects at each of four stages of the new product development process. This investigation provides the intelligence with which managers can determine the likelihood of project acceptance and rejection at different stages of the development process. It highlights the need for managers to apply stage-specific dimensions in the new product screening decision and advocates the redefinition of new product screening from both an academic and managerial perspective. The screening decision should not be viewed as a single, early decision in a product development process, but as a series of stage specific decisions regarding future project potential.
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Makhutla, Esther Nthabiseng. "The impact of fast moving consumer goods on green consumerism." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1391.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Communication Science in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014.Manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) have a social responsibility towards their consumer’s environment. Fast Moving Consumer Goods are consumed on a daily basis and their by-products are often discarded incorrectly, impacting negatively on the environment. However, many companies are beginning to take steps towards ensuring that their products are manufactured according to environmentally friendly conditions. The responsibility should not just be placed on labels, but consumers should be properly educated and guided on how to dispose of a product’s packaging such as bottles, cans and plastic bags. Producers, as well as retailers, of FMCG have an ethical responsibility towards their consumers. It has become fashionable and politically correct for FMCG companies all over the world to publicise themselves as “green companies.” However, the materials used in the packaging of these products are most often found thrown in streets and other open areas in the community. This research investigates the impact that FMCG have on the community’s green space and how companies and retailers can effectively communicate their green consumerism initiatives and demonstrate their CSR for both the environment and their consumers. This study revealed that 53.99% of the respondents do not recycle the unused packaging of goods. The primary reason was that recycling is inconvenient. The other conspicuous reason was lack of knowledge of recycling. Apart from that, they also mention that they do not have recycling bins in the community; they have not enough space in their yard and for the fact that they are not getting any incentives. This study focuses on how companies can assist in saving our planet by embracing the concept of green consumerism holistically. Further, the study exposes challenges faced by companies and social organisations with regard to green consumerism. It also tackles existing initiatives of entrenching green consumerism and the study goes on to offer suggestions and recommendations to effectively embrace green consumerism in a global society.
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Mbuyazi, Vivian Sifiso. "The use of new communication strategies to enhance marketing of Fast Moving Customer Goods (FMCG)." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1344.
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A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.The study was conducted with the purpose of surveying the nature, patterns and trends of the new communication strategies to enhance marketing of fast moving customer goods (FMCG). The researcher intended to investigate current consumer behaviour with respect to fast moving consumer goods FMCG and new communication strategies for marketing of FMCG. The study focused primarily on managing FMCG to increase its availability to rural communities with the hope of addressing poverty eradication and providing some avenues for job creation. This included an investigation into new media and technology to enhance the marketing of FMCG with the intention of making these goods more easily accessible to rural communities. The study also investigated current consumer behaviour with respect to fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and new communication strategies for marketing of FMCG. Unravelling methods of making FMCG easily available to rural communities would be an alternate strategy to urbanise rural communities and reduce unemployment. FMCG forms a fundamental aspect of people’s daily lives and is an ideal tool which can be used to manipulate industry to touch lives of all people throughout South Africa. The study offers thought provoking ideas on how to urbanise rural communities by using basic commodities which people use on a daily basis, and it further offers ideas for further research in this field. It also unravels contemporary methods of marketing basic commodities.
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Burger, S. (Stephan). "Managing the forecasting function within the fast moving consumer goods industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53494.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Forecasting the future has always been one of the man's strongest desires. The aim to determine the future has resulted in scientifically based forecasting models of human health, behaviour, economics, weather, etc. The main purpose of forecasting is to reduce the range of uncertainty within which management decisions must be made. Forecasts are only effective if they are utilized by those who have decisionmaking authority. Forecasts need to be understood and appreciated by decision makers so that they find their way into management of the firm. Companies still predominantly rely on judgemental forecasting methods, most often on an informal basis. There is a large literature base that point to the numerous biases inherent in judgemental forecasting. Most companies know that their forecasts are incorrect but don't know what to do about it and choose to ignore the issue, hoping that the problem will solve itself. The collaborative forecasting process attempts to use history as a baseline, but supplement current knowledge about specific trends, events and other items. This approach integrates the knowledge and information that exists internally and externally into a single, more accurate forecast that supports the entire supply chain. Demand forecasting is not just a matter of duplicating or predicting history into the future. It is important that one person should lead and manage the process. Accountability needs to be established. An audit on the writer's own organization indicated that no formal forecasting process was present. The company's forecasting process was very political, since values were entered just to add up to the required targets. The real gap was never fully understood. Little knowledge existed regarding statistical analysis and forecasting within the marketing department who is accountable for the forecast. The forecasting method was therefore a top-down approach and never really checked with a bottom up approach. It was decided to learn more about the new demand planning process prescribed by the head office, and to start implementing the approach. The approach is a form of a collaborative approach which aims to involve all stakeholders when generating the forecast, therefore applying a bottom up approach. Statistical forecasting was applied to see how accurate the output was versus that of the old way of forecasting. The statistical forecast approach performed better with product groups where little changed from previous years existed, while the old way performed better where new activities were planned or known by the marketing team. This indicates that statistical forecasting is very important for creating the starting point or baseline forecast, but requires qualitative input from all stakeholders. Statistical forecasting is therefore not the solution to improved forecasting, but rather part of the solution to create robust forecasts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vooruitskatting van die toekoms was nog altyd een van die mens se grootste begeertes. Die doel om die toekoms te bepaal het gelei tot wiskundige gebaseerde modelle van die mens se gesondheid, gedrag, ekonomie, weer, ens. The hoofdoel van vooruitskatting is om die reeks van risikos te verminder waarbinne bestuur besluite moet neem. Vooruitskattings is slegs effektief as dit gebruik word deur hulle wat besluitnemingsmag het. Vooruitskattings moet verstaan en gewaardeer word deur die besluitnemers sodat dit die weg kan vind na die bestuur van die firma. Maatskappye vertrou nog steeds hoofsaaklik op eie oordeel vooruitskatting metodes, en meestal op 'n informele basis. Daar is 'n uitgebreide literatuurbasis wat daarop dui dat heelwat sydigheid betrokke is by vooruitskattings wat gebaseer is op eie oordeel. Baie organisasies weet dat hulle vooruitskattings verkeerd is, maar weet nie wat daaromtrent te doen nie en kies om die probleem te ignoreer, met die hoop dat die probleem vanself sal oplos. Die geïntegreerde vooruitskattingsproses probeer om die verlede te gebruik as 'n basis, maar voeg huidige kennis rakende spesifieke neigings, gebeurtenisse, en ander items saam. Hierdie benadering integreer die kennis en informasie wat intern en ekstern bestaan in 'n enkele, meer akkurate vooruitskatting wat die hele verskaffingsketting ondersteun. Vraagvooruitskatting is nie alleen 'n duplisering of vooruitskatting van die verlede in die toekoms in nie. Dit is belangrik dat een persoon die proses moet lei en bestuur. Verantwoordelikhede moet vasgestel word. 'n Oudit op die skrywer se organisasie het getoon dat geen formele vooruitskattingsprosesse bestaan het nie. Die maatskappy se vooruitskattingsproses was hoogs gepolitiseerd, want getalle was vasgestel wat in lyn was met die nodige teikens. Die ware gaping was nooit werklik begryp nie. Min kennis was aanwesig rakende statistiese analises en vooruitskatting binne die bemarkingsdepartement wat verantwoordelik is vir die vooruitskatting. Die vooruitskatting is dus eerder gedoen op 'n globale vlak en nie noodwendig getoets deur die vooruitskatting op te bou uit detail nie. Daar is besluit om meer te leer rakende die nuwe vraagbeplanningsproses, wat voorgeskryf is deur hoofkantoor, en om die metode te begin implementeer. Die metode is 'n vorm van 'n geïntegreerde model wat beoog om alle aandeelhouers te betrek wanneer die vooruitskatting gedoen word, dus die vooruitskatting opbou met detail. Statistiese vooruitskatting was toegepas om te sien hoe akkuraat die uitset was teenoor die ou manier van vooruitskatting. Die statistiese proses het beter gevaar waar die produkgroepe min verandering van vorige jare ervaar het, terwyl die ou manier beter gevaar het waar bemarking self die nuwe aktiwiteite beplan het of bewus was daarvan. Dit bewys dat statistiese vooruitskatting baie belangrik is om die basis vooruitskatting te skep, maar dit benodig kwalitatiewe insette van all aandeelhouers. Statistiese vooruitskattings is dus nie die oplossing vir beter vooruitskattings nie, maar deel van die oplossing om kragtige vooruitskattings te skep.
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Hausmaninger, Martin. "Development of Distribution Logistics for Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Poland." Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1268/1/document.pdf.
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This work analyzes the current situation of distribution logistics in Poland and tries to anticipate future developments in this area. It demonstrates, how the current economic growth and EU membership of Poland since 2004 influences these developments. The focus is on availability of infrastructure, cost of operations, the European distribution structure and distribution channel structures. The research shows that conditions for distribution operations in Poland are on the one hand good, because operation costs are low and warehouse space is cheap and sufficient in supply. On the other hand, the slow development of the road infrastructure and other issues cause major problems. However, the growing Polish market, as well as the central location within Europe, shows that demand for distribution capacities in Poland exists. The work further shows the changes in the distribution channel. While the traditional outlets from independent retailers is slowly loosing importance, the group of modern outlets, consisting of hypermarkets, supermarkets and discount stores, is growing rapidly. Here the dominant companies are foreign investors. These changes in the retail market influence the distribution strategies of manufacturers. They for example try to avoid wholesalers by selling directly to retailers. Furthermore, outsourcing of distribution operations to 3PL providers is practiced more and more. (author's abstract)Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Logistik
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Ortiz, Duran Sebastian, and Richard Hawks. "Analysis of an international distribution hub for fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53540.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
The focus of this research is creating a framework to accurately assess the benefits of hub capability in an international distribution network for fast moving consumer packaged goods. The traditional inventory centralization dilemma requires an evaluation of whether the reduction in holding costs outweighs the increases in transportation and handling costs. We developed a mixed integer programming model to determine the benefits of adding hub capability to Consumer Co.'s Northwest Latin American import supply chain. Consumer Co.'s NWLA division imports products from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico to eleven countries within Central and South America, each operating a distribution center. By adding hub capability in the Colon Free Trade Zone, our model determined that the lowest cost could be achieved using a "Hybrid" solution, where some channels flowed through the hub and others were shipped direct. This network design would result in a 4.4% reduction in annual relevant costs. A counter-intuitive revelation was the fact that transportation costs could actually decrease. Similar to airlines, carriers can sometimes offer lower rates for indirect shipments passing through a high volume transit point instead of shipping the product directly through a less traveled route. Hub capability in the Colon Free Trade Zone also provides Consumer Co. with the flexibility to tailor their supply chain to potential changes in the fluctuating Latin American environment. Increasing customer expectations can lead to scenarios with higher safety stocks, for which centralization can provide the highest benefits.
by Sebastian Ortiz Duran and Richard Hawks.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Walker, David. "Attitudes, involvement and consumer behaviour : a longitudinal study in fast moving consumer goods markets." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3381.
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An empirical study is reported which attempts to validate
two key theoretical consequences of consumer involvement:
differences in brand buying behaviour and differences in
the type of decision processing undertaken.
A literature review is provided which traces the history of
involvement and identifies a suitable contemporary
framework. Work on brand loyalty and attitude modelling is
also reviewed and suitable frameworks identified.
A pilot stage is reported which shows how involvement
measurement techniques can be adapted for use among
frequently purchased products. Results from reliability
testing and differences in the mean levels of involvement
for six grocery product categories are reported.
A main fieldwork phase is reported where a consumer panel
was operated for four months (n=191). Data on levels of
involvement, decision making and purchasing behaviour were
collected from the panel using surveys and diary sheets for
three product categories: newspapers, breakfast cereals and
paper kitchen towels.
The relationship between sources of involvement and buying
behaviour was analysed using LISREL. A model of
involvement is identified which suggests that brand
involvement is generated by the risks associated with
making a poor brand choice and the levels of pleasure
associated with the product field. For newspapers, the
modelling identifies a significant (but small) relationship
between involvement and devotion of purchasing to a limited
number of brands. This relationship was not significant in
the other two product fields. Further analysis identifies
four classifications of buying behaviour (habitual, loyal,
switchers, and variety seekers) which helps to explain why
the linear relationship is so weak.
A second analysis phase is reported which examines the
utility of the Extended Fishbein Model for each of the
three product categories. This analysis supports the
notion that decision processing is more extensive where the
level of product involvement is higher.
The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings
are discussed. Strengths and limitations of the research
design are reviewed.
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Kitchen, Philip James. "The developing use of public relations in fast moving consumer goods firms." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320248.
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Schütz, Karsten. "Die Nutzung von Paneldaten im strategischen Marketing von Fast-moving-consumer-goods-Herstellern." Köln Kölner Wiss.-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2942053&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Lee, Younjoon. "An investigation into design-driven approaches within fast moving consumer goods brand development." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658084.
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The attention of design has evolved from developing new products to developing a mechanism to offer more innovative and competitive products. Driven by design thinking and design-driven innovation perspectives, expanded roles for design have been highlighted in academia and business and have been identified as a means to bring innovation to organisations through the application of designerly approaches. Such approaches are often applied to diverse organisational activities in 'a manner that is at odds with conventional roles for design. However, there has been little research investigating how to undertake such a new role for design corresponding to specific industry contexts. In addition little research has explored using (the role of) design in the FMCG industry: research has predominately been confined to design's contribution to brand identity development. Therefore, this PhD aims to propose a way to underpin a new role for design within fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, via the following research phases. First, preliminary research in the form of content analysis of relevant literature was undertaken to discover how an expanded role of design is defined and the manner in which they are being adopted in a number of sectors, which entails a concept of design-driven approaches (DDA): approaches to applying a way of designerly conceptualising and exploiting tasks. Secondly, based on the features of DDA, this research was conducted through transformative mixed methods: a sequence of online survey and in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to explore phenomena which enhance and/or hinder design's integration within business. Grounded on the findings from a series of research activities and empirical data analysis, this research proposes a conceptual model- a framework and road map - of how the FMCG industry can overcome impediments to design's integration within brand development and organisational management by establishing a collaborative designerly frame to encompass activity-based and relational perspectives and elucidating contemporary and expanded roles of design. Finally, via member-checking validation, this model proposes an appropriate way to embed designerly ways into FMCG brand development by underpinning a collaborative ideas generation phase, especially for establishing environmental and organisational change to enhance designerly application.
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Bondesson, Per, and Stefan Liss. "Lean Production & Sustainable Supply Chains in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200528.
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The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry consists of a large part of our daily purchases making it to an important industry for the society. Within every industry, operational control and supply chains are important success factors regarding efficiency and profitability. Lately, much attention towards sustainability within the industry has been given, due to environmental and to ethical concerns. The whole industry will be forced to undergo major changes in order to remain and to become sustainable. Therefore, operational control and supply chains need to be effective and sustainable in order to sustain this transformation. In this project, an investigation regarding if Lean production and sustainable supply chains can apply to the FMCG industry is conducted. Difficulties with achieving levelled production and factors to attend to in order to become sustainable will be addressed. A literature review about Lean management and sustainable supply chains will be presented. Furthermore, two case studies will be conducted at two beverage companies where a comparison between theory and reality will be conducted. We found that many of the Toyota Production System (TPS) principles can be hard to implement in the FMCG industry. Therefore, Lean production is not easily obtained within the FMCG industry. Specifically, we found that beverage companies have difficulties obtaining levelled production and implementing production levelling tools suggested in TPS. We found that measures conducted in order to level production mainly focus on optimization of internal processes and shortening of lead times upstream. Work to obtain control over demand management has been done on order to facilitate levelling of the production. Therefore, work to be conducted in order accomplish demand managementis suggested as a recommendation in this report. This recommendation contains factors such as: order placement, lead times pricing and campaigns. Several factors suggested in Sustainable Supply Chain Management literature in order to obtain sustainable supplychains were found in our case studies. We found that information exchange between customer and producer is not optimal. Furthermore, we found that high standards regarding suppliers generally result in that only large suppliers can meet these standards. Thus, making it harder to influence aspects regarding sustainability among suppliers. In closing, the FMCG industry have potential to achieve sustainable supply chains, but some factors remain to be improved.Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industrin utgör de produkter som konsumeras på daglig basis, vilket gör den till en viktig industri för konsumtionssamhället i stort. Inom alla industrier utgör styrning av interna processer och försörjningskedjor viktiga framgångsfaktorer gällandes effektivitet och lönsamhet. Senaste tiden har det riktats mycket uppmärksamhet mot hållbarhets- och etiska aspekter inom hela industrin. Många intressenter menar på att alla industrier måste ändras för att industrin som helhet ska överleva och bli hållbar. Därför måste interna processer och försörjningskedjor anpassas för att stödja transformationen mot hållbarhet. I detta projekt undersöks ifall Lean produktion och hållbara försörjningskedjor kan anpassas till FMCG industrin. Vi kommer särskilt diskutera de svårigheter som finns med att uppnå utjämnat produktionsflöde och faktorer som är viktiga att åtgärda för att erhålla hållbarhet inom förädlingskedjan. En litteraturstudie kring Lean och hållbara försörjningskedjor kommer att utföras. Vidare kommer två fallstudier på två dryckesföretag att genomföras där en jämförelse mellan teori och verklighet kommer ligga tillgrund för våra slutsatser. De upptäckter vi gjorde under arbetet var att många av de fundamentala Lean-principer(TPS) som Toyota introducerar är svåra att uppnå inom FMCG-industrin. Mer specifikt fann vi i våra fallstudier att uppnå ett jämnt produktionsflöde tillhör en av de största svårigheterna inom dryckesindustrin. Vi upptäckte att det arbete som utförts för att uppnå ett jämnt produktionsflöde mestadels fokuserade på att förbättra interna processer och ledtider uppströms i försörjningskedajan. Arbete kring att kontrollera efterfrågan i syfte att utjämna produktionen har gjorts. I rapporten föreslås områden att undersöka för att bättre styra efterfrågan i form av en rekommendation. Denna rekomendation innehåller faktorer som: orderingång, prisättning av leverans och kampanjer. Flertalet av de hållbarhetsfaktorer som läggs fram i litteraturen kring hur man erhåller hållbara försörjningskedjor återfanns i våra fallstudier. Vi fann att faktorer som informationsutbyte mellan kund och producent inte är optimalt. Vidare utgör höga krav på leverantörer att generellt sett stora leverantörer blir de enda som möter uppsatta krav. Detta försvårar möjligheter att påverka leverantören. I detta fall, påverkan kring hållbarhetsaspekter. FMCG industrin har stora möjligheter att erhålla hållbara försörjningskedjor, men några faktorer återstår att förbättra. Dessa faktorer kommer diskuteras i rapporten.
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Nordfält, Jens. "Is consumer decision-making out of control? : non-conscious influences on consumer decision-making for fast moving consumer goods." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Centrum för Konsumentmarknadsföring (CCM), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-520.
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Most literature on consumer decision-making concentrate on which attributes a certain brand evokes, how a brand is evaluated, or how well a brand can stand the competition of another brand. This is a bit funny since one of the most obvious aspects of decision-making for fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) is that most products are never considered. Recalling a typical trip to a grocery store one probably realizes that most of the products simply were given no conscious attention. Chances are that a consumer notices less than 1% (of the perhaps close to 10.000 items in a regular grocery store) enough to consider if the item is of any interest. Therefore, in the present thesis the focus is on the influences that enhance, inhibit, or affect the processing of brands, brand associations, ads, or decision criteria, prior to reaching the level of conscious decision-making. These influences are regarded as non-conscious filters, making consumer decision-making as simple and flexible as required by many situations. The filters allow consumers to notice what they search for or what they normally pay attention to, and to ignore complex, disturbing, or unfamiliar stimuli. The thesis consists of an introduction chapter and five articles. The introduction chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the common theme of the articles, namely non-conscious influences on decision-making. The articles cover non-conscious influences during each of the five steps commonly included in the consumer decision-making process. Examples of questions that are elaborated on are: Which criteria influence the degree to which people behave habitually versus respond to marketing stimuli? What is influencing the choice of decision strategy? For example, what influences people to be more loyal versus more deal prone? And what makes people learn something new from an ad instead of just rehearsing what they already new? One aim of the present thesis is to answer questions like the ones stated above. Furthermore, it is argued that these influences are active at a stage before what could be defined as full conscious control.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2005 S. 1-112: sammanfattning, s. 113-228, [5] s.: 5 uppsater
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Nordfält, Jens. "Is consumer decision-making out of control ? : non-conscious influences on consumer decision-making for fast moving consumer goods /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2005. http://web.hhs.se/efi/summary/673.htm.
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Weng, Jens Oliver. "Value creation of M & A strategies in the fast-moving consumer goods industry." Thesis, Henley Business School, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274880.
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Francis, Mark. "Understanding lower innovation product development processes in the UK fast moving consumer goods sector." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539630.
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Ueckermann, Edward Albert. "An assessment of corporate entrepreneurship in the fast-moving consumer goods industry / E.A. Ueckermann." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5073.
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Laforet, Sylvie. "Determinants of corporate hierarchical branding strategies with reference to the fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7052.
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Esmeraldo, Rosa. "How can a potential franchisor establish a successful franchise in fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/235.
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Franchising has become the latest trend in business expansion and business acquisition and with the South African franchising market estimated at being around 12% and growing rapidly, enormous potential for future growth is indicated. Companies both local and international are seeking franchise expansion opportunities in Africa despite the higher risks. The significance of implementing franchises into Africa is the filtering down of business opportunities to the small and medium enterprise sector. It can be said that franchising promotes business growth and private ownership, while improving the quality of life of the poor through its impact on income and employment. A franchise organisation that grows too quickly might not have the necessary ‘factors’ in place to support all of the units properly. In the survey conducted, it was indicated that the franchise business practice echoed the literature reviewed. All the steps necessary to establish a franchise are important but not necessarily as equal. The more matured franchisee needed less guidance from the franchisor and relied more on the business concept and location. Potential franchisors need to take the necessary steps to establish a franchise and treat each step as an important part of the franchise process.
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Siwangaza, Luyolo. "The status of internal controls in fast moving consumer goods SMMEs in the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1722.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Technology: Internal Auditing
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013At present, South African Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the stimulation of the national economy. Despite the above, prior research shows that the failure rate of these entities is exceedingly high. Several factors which impact on SMME sustainability have been identified by prior research and as a result SMME sustainability has received attention from both local- and national Government. One of the factors, which is perceived as a major contributor towards the high failure rate of SMMEs, is the lack of proper internal controls. The responsibility to implement internal controls and internal control frameworks, including the task to ensure that these controls are optimally used, lies with management. In essence, it can be said that a business that is uncontrollable, is ultimately, unmanageable. The analogy was made by the author that “SMMEs are perceived as not sustainable owing to the utilisation of inadequate internal controls”. With the absence of adequate internal controls, an environment would be created where a business is susceptible to all kinds of detrimental risks (for example, fraud risk). When these risks are realised within a small business environment the overall sustainability of such a business will, more often than not, be negatively impacted upon. The main objective of this study was to determine the degree to which the implementation of an adequate system of internal controls can help to improve SMMEs’ sustainability. The research that was conducted was empirical in nature and fell within the ambit of the positivistic research paradigm. The logical stance that was undertaken in this study was that of deductive reasoning and, furthermore, this research was regarded as applied research which incorporated quantitative research characteristics. To achieve the above dispensation, questionnaires were administered and distributed to 110 owners and/or managers of SMMEs which operated within the fast moving consumer goods industry, situated in the Cape Peninsula. The non-probability sampling technique that was executed comprised of purposive sampling, and data that were collected from this research was analysed by deploying descriptive and inferential statistics. Lastly, the research conducted found that SMMEs have implemented internal controls as part of their business measures; however, the issue remains that a majority of these SMMEs are not aware of formal internal control frameworks to further enhance their existing internal control processes. To remedy the above concern, the author was of the perception that respondents should be trained on formal internal control frameworks in order to address the concern of limited awareness of existing internal control frameworks.
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Terblanche, Etienne. "Building brand loyalty within selected segments of the South African fast moving consumer goods market." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1002108.
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The rapidly increasing competitiveness within the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market compels an organisation within this market to not only entice consumers to purchase the organisation’s brand, but also to keep these consumers purchasing the brand. It is therefore essential that an organisation creates and maintains loyalty among consumers towards its brand. The objective of the research was to find out what strategies an organisation could implement to achieve and sustain loyalty from current and prospective consumers towards its brand in a highly competitive, FMCG market. The main areas of focus were as follows: Establishing the basis on which consumers differentiate between homogenous products. Determining what strategies an organisation could utilise to ensure that consumers will differentiate its brand from those of competitors. Obtaining relevant information to find out what variables motivate consumers to be brand loyal within the FMCG market. Ascertaining how an organisation could build a brand. Determining how an organisation could maintain brand loyalty from its existing consumers. The research included a study of relevant literature and an empirical study. The aim of the literature study was to obtain a solid base of information and opinions regarding the concepts of brands and building brand loyalty. Making use of structured questionnaires and through performing personal interviews, the empirical study consisted of two aspects. The one aspect was a brand loyalty survey conducted among 303 respondents, and the second aspect was a brand loyalty survey conducted with nine owners or marketers of leading brands. The following were the major findings of the research: Relying on being a leader in price and quality is not enough to ensure that a consumer would continue purchasing an organisation’s brand. A brand is an experience and in order for a consumer to become loyal towards a brand, the consumer should have a host of positive thoughts regarding past experience with the brand. It is essential that organisations within the FMCG market proactively develop and implement strategies aimed at creating and maintaining loyalty towards their brands.
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Pamuk, Haki. "The Impact Of Modern Retailing On The Prices Of Fast Moving Consumer Goods: Evidence From Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610043/index.pdf.
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In Turkey, the retailing sector is in a modernization process with the increase in the market share of supermarkets since 1990s. This process has important implications on general economy with changing consumption characteristics. This thesis analyzes the impact of increasing market share of supermarkets on the prices of fast moving consumer goods in traditional retailers. By means of a household panel, a panel data econometric approach is used for assessing the impacts of different supermarket formats between 2002 and 2006 in 12 sectors. The results indicates that increasing market share supermarkets decreases the price levels observed in traditional retailers in some of the sectors and these impacts vary according to supermarket formats and sectors.
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Bocken, Nancy Maria Petronella. "Reducing CO₂ emissions associated with fast moving consumer goods : development and testing of tools and frameworks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610070.
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Ashley, Natasha Lynne. "Critical success factors for multinational enterprises operating in the fast moving consumer goods industry in Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65484.
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Due to market saturation and the attractive opportunities offered by globalisation, increasing numbers of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are expanding into Africa. Nigeria, in particular, is perceived as one of the most opportune markets in the story of “Africa rising” and is home to Africa’s biggest economy and population. Accordingly, several MNEs have attempted to gain market share in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in Nigeria. Yet, it is evident that the external environment is unstable and challenging. Although there are laws and policies in place to encourage foreign investment, the external environment of Nigeria is not always conducive to international business operations. MNEs face challenges of corruption and political uncertainty, the liability of foreignness, challenges from local competition, and infrastructure deficiencies. This has led to the failure of several MNEs; however, others have managed to thrive, even in the current economic recession. From this, the primary research question was derived as; what are the CSFs for MNEs operating in the fast moving consumer goods industry in Nigeria? Upon further investigation, there has been no academic research conducted on the CSFs for MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria. Therefore, this dissertation sought to vaddress this knowledge gap by asking two secondary research questions: what are the strategic CSFs for MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria and what are the operational CSFs for MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria? A generic qualitative research approach was employed and thirteen semi-structured interviews with senior managers from MNEs operating in Nigeria were conducted. The unit of analysis was MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria and included retail and manufacturing MNEs. Based on the interviews, nineteen strategic CSFs and six operational CSFs were identified. From these, it was evident that understanding the external environment, understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers, and building strong relationships were the most significant SCSFs. Whereas, producing quality products, ensuring efficient distribution and back-up supplies of water and power were vital OCSFs. This study brought to light some of the harsh realities of operating in Nigeria as well as the potential to be successful. Using the existing literature and the advice provided by the participants, this study has numerous implications for future and current managers, as well as the Nigerian government and academics. This study contributes to the body of knowledge about CSFs and sheds light on a topic not previously written about.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Business Management
MCom
Unrestricted
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Kilinskaite, Jolita, and Simone Kolar. "Companies´ Reactions to Rival´ s Actions in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry : Examples of companies in the cosmetics goods industry." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14989.
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Date: June 8th, 2012 Course: EFO 705 Master Thesis Course Program: International Marketing Authors: Jolita Kilinskaite (jke11003), Simone Kolar (skr11003) Title: Companies´ Reactions to Rival´ s Actions in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Industry- Examples of companies in the cosmetics goods industry Research Question: How do companies in the FMCG industry react to rivals actions? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze how companies react to rival´s actions Method: The thesis is based on secondary research and primary research. The primary research is based on semi-structured interview processes and critical incidents Target audience: Companies in the FMCG industry, Academics and Teachers in the field of Strategy and Marketing who are interested in competitive marketing strategies in the FMCG industry Keywords: Differentiation strategy, Imitation Strategy, Co-opetition, Rival´s actions, FMCG industry, Competition, Critical incidents Conclusion: This master thesis concentrates in theory on three common reaction strategies in marketing, which are defined as differentiation, limitation, and co-opetition and describes possible rival´s actions, the roots that cause certain reaction strategies. Based on the literature, interviews were conducted with the marketing managers from four different companies in the cosmetics goods industry, in order to prove whether the interviewed managers support the defined reaction strategies. The result was a support for the differentiation and imitation strategy. However, co-opetition was only used by one of the companies and is therefore seen as a less important strategy, at least in the marketing departments of the interviewed companies.
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Bessinger, Elmarie. "The development of a model for an employee wellness programme for a fast moving consumer goods organisation." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282009-171717/.
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Axon, David. "Exploring the role of the stakeholder in fast-moving consumer goods cross-sector collaborations : a phenomenological study." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2016. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/452874.
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This thesis aims to explore the experiences of those individuals involved in the phenomenon of cross-sector collaborations within the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) global food sector. The research is situated within a landscape of diminished availability of funding for Non-profit organizations (NPOs) in which new ways of achieving sustained funding are being sought. Coupled with the emergence of increased Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity from Commercial Entities (CEs), in part driven by societal pressure for companies to ‘do more' and the resultant motivation for CEs to deliver effective CSR programmes, cross-sector collaboration appears to offer a methodology through which both sides can achieve their respective aims. The research gap identified focuses on the lack of understanding of the micro-processes, or attributes of the relationship, at the micro-level of partnership interaction. The sample group was accessed from individuals with extensive experience of NPO-CE collaborations within the area of FMCG global food production. This access allowed the experiences of some of these individuals to be gathered and explored within this study. Data collection techniques took the form of semi-structured interviews with twelve senior executives. An interpretivist approach was employed using a phenomenological research design to elicit an understanding of the experiences of the respondents' involvement with NPO-CE collaborations. The intention was to afford the respondents the opportunity to recount their own experiences in their own terms and with their own emphasis on what was important to them within the broad structure provided by the three core categories drawn from the literature: value creation, partnership processes and relationship dynamics. A thematic data analysis was conducted using the framework developed from the initial literature review and subsequent agenda developed. The findings of the study have numerous implications for both academics and practitioners. Firstly, the study contributes to knowledge through the increased understanding of the nature of NPO-CE collaboration at the micro-process level from the perspective of the individual and provides insight into the nature of such relationships. It suggests a number of attributes that are viewed as significant by those involved in NPO-CE relationships at the individual level, including the confirmation of the importance of trust, effective leadership and formal and informal control measures. Secondly, numerous implications emerge for the practicing manager from the study, including perspectives on the demands, risks and rewards at both the individual and organizational level for managers engaged in cross-sector collaborations. Ultimately the study suggests that the traditional linear temporal framework for cross-sector collaboration development should be viewed as more cyclical in nature, and that the concomitant organizational demands of such an approach should be reflected in the decision-making processes ahead of any potential NPO-CE collaboration. The essence of this revised framework is presented in the form of a conceptual model The exploratory nature of the study has facilitated the identification of areas where future research is required, including: the challenges associated with implementing strategic agility within NPO-CE collaborations; exploring mechanisms for building and maintaining trust within a sustained collaboration; and the potential to develop the conceptual model into a decision-making framework for managers of future NPO-CE collaborations.
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Prado, Perez Sonia. "Sustainability Discourse in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Sector – A comparison between Procter & Gamble and Unilever." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23428.
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Environmental protection has gained a lot of attention in recent years. People, governments and NGOs understand that our economic growth needs to be sustainable and respect the ecosystem. Everyone has a role to play in the planet conservation, from consumers to industries. This paper investigates on a linguistic level how the fast-moving consumer goods companies such as Procter & Gamble and Unilever communicate about their sustainability profile, as well as the differences and similarities in their communications. Lastly, I analysed the companies’ sustainability goals and how they relate to those established by the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). My methodology was a Faircloughian textual analysis of each company’s official web pages with a focus on their sustainability section. The results show that each company addresses their impact on the environment on different sustainability goals. To resolve the environmental challenges, both companies count on innovative technologies to improve their products so they become eco-friendly. This study’s implication is the importance of words choices in the companies’ sustainability discourse, in order to convey clearly what measures are applied to diminish their environmental footprint.
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Wu, Philip. "The logistics support strategy for fast moving consumer products distribution in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636671.
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Fastenrath, Heike. "Investigating the potential transfer of the efficient-consumer-response-model from the fast-moving-consumer-goods into pharmaceutical wholesale business in Germany." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2016. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/4417/.
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The aim of the research is to evaluate the possibility of transferring the Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) model developed in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector into the pharmaceutical sector and to propose an adapted model for the German market. The German pharmaceutical market is consolidating distribution channels and demand power is shifting towards pharmacies (Hofmann, 2013a). The manufacturers` aim for differentiation requires being closer to patients and pharmacists. Therefore, they increasingly do business directly with pharmacies (Insight Health, 2013). Wholesalers are caught between the strong supply power of manufacturers and increasing demand power of pharmacies (Hofmann, 2013b). Exploratory research was undertaken using the case study method to consider how the ECR model from FMCG can be adapted for the pharmaceutical wholesale business. A single case study was considered as different wholesalers would not participate due to their competitive market and because I am an employee of the case company (Celesio AG). The study was conducted in the German subsidiary (GEHE Pharma). Semi structured interviews with key account managers from FMCG and pharmaceutical manufacturers, Celesio AG management board, GEHE Pharma management and retail pharmacists were conducted. Additional data were generated linked to participative observation during manufacturer meetings between GEHE Pharma and pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as from secondary and internal documentary material. Findings suggest that several similarities between the FMCG market and the pharmaceutical market exist. No aspect was found which would not allow implementing ECR principles into the pharmaceutical market in Germany. The model is adapted according to the research findings. The adjusted model considers that the pharmaceutical market shows more complexity in terms of the market actors. In this market three main participants exist: pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical wholesalers and retail pharmacists. Whereas in the FMCG market the ECR model incorporates the relationship directly between FMCG manufacturers and grocery retailers; no wholesaler is considered in that model. Therefore, the adapted model needs some adjustments for the pharmaceutical wholesale market, which are presented in the research. Furthermore, the research delivers evidence that the ECR model is not static and can be adjusted in terms of the number of participants, content and different dimensions in the relationship between different stakeholders and can, therefore, also be implemented in other industries. exist: pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical wholesalers and retail pharmacists. Whereas in the FMCG market the ECR model incorporates the relationship directly between FMCG manufacturers and grocery retailers; no wholesaler is considered in that model. Therefore, the adapted model needs some adjustments for the pharmaceutical wholesale market, which are presented in the research. Furthermore, the research delivers evidence that the ECR model is not static and can be adjusted in terms of the number of participants, content and different dimensions in the relationship between different stakeholders and can, therefore, also be implemented in other industries.
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Du, Toit Ben-Johann. "The effects of eco-labelling on consumer behaviour in the non-foods fast-moving consumer goods category : a study of South African consumers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85161.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.A global increase in environmental awareness and concern about issues such as climate change, resource depletion and higher levels of pollution are having a greater influence on the purchasing decisions and product selection of consumers. In a response to this trend and growing demand for eco-friendly products, manufacturers introduced goods suggested to have a less harmful impact on the environment. A growing number of environmental logos and unsupported claims caused consumer scepticism and created a need for certified environmental logos, which led to the introduction of eco-labels. To date, South Africa does not have a certified eco-label in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) non-food category. The application of eco-labels on products would allow South African consumers to identify eco-friendly options and incentivise producers to develop goods that are less harmful to the environment. In order to establish the requirements for a successful eco-labelling scheme, a literature review was conducted. Based on the findings, a consumer survey was carried out to determine whether there is a demand for eco-labelled goods in South Africa and whether an eco-labelling project will have a significant effect on consumer behaviour in the FMCG non-food category. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that consumers are concerned about the environment and that they will support eco-friendly goods, if the quality and performance are as good as regular products. The survey, however, revealed that consumers are of the opinion that eco-friendly products are not as effective as regular products. The analysis also found that consumers are price sensitive and not willing to pay a large premium for eco-friendly attributes. These are the two main obstacles hindering South African consumers to move to more sustainable consumption patterns. In the survey, consumers also indicated a need for an independent third party to verify environmental claims, manage eco-labels and audit producers to ensure that eco-friendly goods meet acceptable sustainability and quality standards.
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Phetla, Selepe. "Building lean and agile supply chains for food fast moving consumer goods manufacturers and food retailers in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52293.
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Supply chain is one of the important pillars driving business competitiveness, and its performance is critical for the success of the organisation. This research aimed to investigate the applicability of the sand cone model with regard to improving supply chain performance to being more lean (efficient) and agile (effective), within South African food fast moving consumer goods manufacturers (FMCGs) and food retailers. The sand cone model says one must implement and embed agile initiatives first before implementing lean initiatives to create high performing supply chains.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
zk2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted