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Journal articles on the topic 'Fat and carbohydrate metabolism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kruse, Michael, Silke Hornemann, Anne-Cathrin Ost, et al. "An Isocaloric High-Fat Diet Regulates Partially Genetically Determined Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Uptake and Metabolism in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Lean Adult Twins." Nutrients 15, no. 10 (2023): 2338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15102338.

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Background: The dysfunction of energy metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) induces adiposity. Obesogenic diets that are high in saturated fat disturb nutrient metabolism in adipocytes. This study investigated the effect of an isocaloric high-fat diet without the confounding effects of weight gain on the gene expression of fatty acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism and its genetic inheritance in subcutaneous (s.c.) WAT of healthy human twins. Methods: Forty-six healthy pairs of twins (34 monozygotic, 12 dizygotic) received an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich diet (55% carbohydrates, 3

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Henne, Mike. "DEFINING METABOLIC BALANCE BETWEEN SUGAR AND FAT METABOLISM, AND THEIR ROLES IN DEVELOPMENT AND FERTILITY”." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1135.

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Abstract Animals store excess nutrients in two major forms: triglycerides (TGs) held within lipid droplets (LDs) and carbohydrates in the form of glycogen. These nutrient reserves can serve specialized roles in animal development and homeostasis, but how they uniquely contribute to animal growth, bioenergetics, aging, and fertility is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unclear how loss of one nutrient storage pool influences the other, and whether metabolic remodeling can occur to bypass loss of fat or carbohydrates. Here, we utilize Drosophila as a genetically tractable model system to dis

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Alghannam, Abdullah F., Mazen M. Ghaith, and Maha H. Alhussain. "Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 4963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094963.

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The human body requires energy to function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular currency for energy-requiring processes including mechanical work (i.e., exercise). ATP used by the cells is ultimately derived from the catabolism of energy substrate molecules—carbohydrates, fat, and protein. In prolonged moderate to high-intensity exercise, there is a delicate interplay between carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and this bioenergetic process is tightly regulated by numerous physiological, nutritional, and environmental factors such as exercise intensity and duration, body mass and feeding

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Sakamoto, Takumi, Shin-ya Ueda, and Hidehiro Nakahara. "Effects of Short-Term Nighttime Carbohydrate Restriction Method on Exercise Performance and Fat Metabolism." Nutrients 16, no. 13 (2024): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16132138.

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Background: The sleep-low method has been proposed as a way to sleep in a low-glycogen state, increase the duration of low glycogen availability and sleep and temporarily restrict carbohydrates to improve exercise performance. However, long-term dietary restriction may induce mental stress in athletes. Therefore, if it can be shown that the effects of the sleep-low method can be achieved by restricting the carbohydrate intake at night (the nighttime carbohydrate restriction method), innovative methods could be developed to reduce weight in individuals with obesity and enhance athletes’ perform

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Jeukendrup, A. E. "Modulation of carbohydrate and fat utilization by diet, exercise and environment." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 6 (2003): 1270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311270.

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At rest and during exercise carbohydrate and fat are the predominant substrates. They are oxidized simultaneously but the relative contribution of these two substrates is dependent on a variety of factors including the exercise intensity and duration, diet, environmental conditions and training status. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism during the transition from rest to exercise and from low- to high-intensity exercise are mainly due to allosteric regulation. The factors that up-regulate fat metabolism in the transition to moderate-intensity exercise and the factors that result in a down-regu

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Li, M., D. Gu, N. Xu, et al. "Gut carbohydrate metabolism instead of fat metabolism regulated by gut microbes mediates high-fat diet-induced obesity." Beneficial Microbes 5, no. 3 (2014): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2013.0071.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the involvement of gut microbes in body weight gain of high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (obese) and obesity-resistant (lean) mice. C57BL/6 mice were grouped into an obese group, a lean group and a normal control group. Both obese and lean mice were fed a high-fat diet while normal control mice were fed a normal diet; they were observed for six weeks. The results showed that lean mice had lower serum lipid levels, body fat and weight gain than obese mice. The ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in

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Boden, Guenther, and Laura H. Carnell. "Nutritional effects of fat on carbohydrate metabolism." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 17, no. 3 (2003): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1521-690x(03)00032-0.

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8

Roche, Helen M. "Dietary carbohydrates and triacylglycerol metabolism." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 1 (1999): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19990026.

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There is a growing body of scientific evidence which demonstrates that plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration, especially in the postprandial state, is an important risk factor in relation to the development of CHD. Postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia is associated with a number of adverse metabolic risk factors, including the preponderance of small dense LDL, low HDL-cholesterol concentrations and elevated factor VII activity. Traditionally, a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet was used to prevent CHD because it effectively reduces plasma cholesterol concentrations, but this dietary regime

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Bisschop, P. H., M. G. M. de Sain-van der Velden, F. Stellaard, et al. "Dietary Carbohydrate Deprivation Increases 24-Hour Nitrogen Excretion without Affecting Postabsorptive Hepatic or Whole Body Protein Metabolism in Healthy Men." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 8 (2003): 3801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021087.

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Because insulin is an important regulator of protein metabolism, we hypothesized that physiological modulation of insulin secretion, by means of extreme variations in dietary carbohydrate content, affects postabsorptive protein metabolism. Therefore, we studied the effects of three isocaloric diets with identical protein content and low-carbohydrate/high-fat (2% and 83% of total energy, respectively), intermediate-carbohydrate/intermediate-fat (44% and 41% of total energy, respectively), and high-carbohydrate/low-fat (85% and 0% of total energy, respectively) content in six healthy men. Whole

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Tan, Esa Indah Ayudia, Irfannuddin Irfannuddin, and Krisna Murti. "PENGARUH DIET KETOGENIK TERHADAP PROLIFERASI DAN KETAHANAN SEL PADA JARINGAN PANKREAS." JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL "Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan" 7, no. 1 (2019): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jmj.v7i1.7127.

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ABSTRACT  The ketogenic diet is a diet that uses a lot of fat as an energy source and reduces carbohydrate and protein consumption when the body does not get enough glucose from carbohydrates, the body usually uses alternative energy sourced from the ketone body, namely acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate. The ketone body comes from the breakdown of fatty acid metabolism in the liver where at the moment the concentration is low in the blood. Ketogenic diet is a diet that uses a lot of fat as an energy source and reduces carbohydrate consumption. The ketogenic diet makes the body burn fat

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11

Her, Tracy K., William S. Lagakos, Matthew R. Brown, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Kuntol Rakshit та Aleksey V. Matveyenko. "Dietary carbohydrates modulate metabolic and β-cell adaptation to high-fat diet-induced obesity". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 318, № 6 (2020): E856—E865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00539.2019.

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Obesity is associated with several chronic comorbidities, one of which is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM is influenced by alterations in diet macronutrient composition, which regulate energy expenditure, metabolic function, glucose homeostasis, and pancreatic islet cell biology. Recent studies suggest that increased intake of dietary carbohydrates plays a previously underappreciated role in the promotion of obesity and consequent metabolic dysfunction. Thus, in this study, we utilized mouse models to test the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrates modulate

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Rodgers, Carol D., and Mladen Vranic. "Mediation of Glucoregulation at Rest and During Exercise by the Glucose-Fatty Acid Cycle: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 23, no. 6 (1998): 534–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h98-030.

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Himsworth (1934) demonstrated that increased fat consumption leads to decreased glucose tolerance due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Randle and colleagues (1964) named this interplay between fat and carbohydrate metabolism the glucose-fatty acid cycle (GFAC) and proposed a series of feedback mechanisms by which elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) impair glucose uptake and oxidation in rat heart and diaphragm muscle. Numerous investigators have extended these studies to clarify the existence of GFAC and provide insight into the mechanisms and conditions under which it occurs. This pap

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13

Alkhatib, Ahmad. "Maximal Fat Metabolism Explained by Lactate-Carbohydrate Model." Physiologia 2, no. 4 (2022): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia2040011.

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(1) Background: Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), its associated exercise intensity (Fatmax) and the cross-over point (COP) are known indirect calorimetry-based diagnostics for whole-body metabolic health and exercise. However, large inter- and intra-individual variability in determining their corresponding intensity makes their use inconsistent, whether the intensity is based on power output or oxygen uptake. Blood lactate concentration (BLC) has often reflected a range in MFO and COP, which may offer another non-indirect calorimetry dimension based on the near equilibrium between lactate and pyru

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14

Moitzi, Anna Maria, and Daniel König. "Longer-Term Effects of the Glycaemic Index on Substrate Metabolism and Performance in Endurance Athletes." Nutrients 15, no. 13 (2023): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133028.

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Nutrition has a decisive influence on athletic performance. However, it is not only the nutrient intake during exercise that is important, but the daily diet must also be adapted to the requirements of physical activity in order to optimally promote training adaptations. The goal of prolonged endurance training is to enhance fat oxidation, to maintain aerobic performance at a higher intensity while sparing limited carbohydrate stores. The targeted modification of macronutrient intake is a common method of influencing substrate metabolism, fuel selection, and performance. However, it is not wel

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Bracy, D. P., B. A. Zinker, J. C. Jacobs, D. B. Lacy, and D. H. Wasserman. "Carbohydrate metabolism during exercise: influence of circulating fat availability." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 2 (1995): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.2.506.

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To examine the role of circulating fat in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, dogs were studied during rest and 90 min of moderate treadmill exercise with nicotinic acid infused to suppress lipolysis with (+Fat; n = 5) or without (-Fat; n = 5) Intralipid. Isotopic and hindlimb arteriovenous methods were used to assess metabolism. Plasma glucose was similar in both protocols during rest and exercise. Differences in insulin, catecholamines, and cortisol between groups were insignificant. Glucagon was approximately 50% greater during rest and exercise in -Fat. The following values represen

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Hoenig, M., K. Thomaseth, M. Waldron, and D. C. Ferguson. "Insulin sensitivity, fat distribution, and adipocytokine response to different diets in lean and obese cats before and after weight loss." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 1 (2007): R227—R234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00313.2006.

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Obesity is a major health problem in cats and a risk factor for diabetes. It has been postulated that cats are always gluconeogenic and that the rise in obesity might be related to high dietary carbohydrates. We examined the effect of a high-carbohydrate/low-protein (HC) and a high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP) diet on glucose and fat metabolism during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, adipocytokines, and fat distribution in 12 lean and 16 obese cats before and after weight loss. Feeding diet HP led to greater heat production in lean but not in obese cats. Regardless of diet, obese cats had m

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Parry, Siôn A., and Leanne Hodson. "Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism." Journal of Investigative Medicine 65, no. 8 (2017): 1102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2017-000524.

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The liver is a principal metabolic organ within the human body and has a major role in regulating carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. With increasing rates of obesity, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing. It remains unclear why NAFLD, which is now defined as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, develops but lifestyle factors such as diet (ie, total calorie and specific nutrient intakes), appear to play a key role. Here we review the available observational and intervention studies that have investigated the influence of dietary macronut

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18

Reed, D. R., M. G. Tordoff, and M. I. Friedman. "Enhanced acceptance and metabolism of fats by rats fed a high-fat diet." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 5 (1991): R1084—R1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.5.r1084.

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Rats fed a high-fat diet show greater acceptance of and preference for pure fats than do rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet. We tested the hypothesis that this differential intake of fat was due to diet-induced modifications of lipid absorption and oxidation. After an intragastric load of corn oil, rats adapted to a high-fat diet had greater increases in plasma triglyceride and ketone levels and a lower percentage of fecal fat than did rats adapted to an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet. High-fat-fed rats given corn oil containing [14C]palmitic acid expired 14CO2 more rapidly and to a greater

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Tomkin, Gerald H., and Daphne Owens. "Obesity diabetes and the role of bile acids in metabolism." Journal of Translational Internal Medicine 4, no. 2 (2016): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtim-2016-0018.

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AbstractBile acids have many activities over and above their primary function in aiding absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol, and thus are involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) production in the distal small bowel and colon, stimulating insulin secretion, and therefore, are involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Bile acids through their insulin sensitising effect play a part in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Bile acid metabolism is altered in obesity and diabetes. Both dietary r

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20

Monteleone, Palmiero, Rachele Bencivenga, Nicola Longobardi, Cristina Serritella, and Mario Maj. "Differential Responses of Circulating Ghrelin to High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Meal in Healthy Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 11 (2003): 5510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030797.

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Abstract The effects of specific nutritional factors on ghrelin secretion have not been investigated in humans. Therefore, we assessed ghrelin responses to a high-carbohydrate meal (1217 kcal with 77% carbohydrates, 10% protein, and 13% lipids) and to an isocaloric high-fat meal (15% carbohydrates, 10% proteins, and 75% lipids) in 14 nonobese healthy women. Eleven subjects also rated their hunger feelings on visual analog scales. Circulating ghrelin abruptly fell after both meals, but, after the carbohydrate meal, its maximum percent decrease was significantly greater than after the fat meal (

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Jensen, Kristian K., Stephen F. Previs, Lei Zhu, et al. "Demonstration of diet-induced decoupling of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis by combining gene expression array and 2H2O quantification." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, no. 2 (2012): E209—E217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00436.2011.

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The liver is a crossroad for metabolism of lipid and carbohydrates, with acetyl-CoA serving as an important metabolic intermediate and a precursor for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. A better understanding of the regulation of these pathways requires an experimental approach that provides both quantitative metabolic flux measurements and mechanistic insight. Under conditions of high carbohydrate availability, excess carbon is converted into free fatty acids and triglyceride for storage, but it is not clear how excessive carbohydrate availability affects cholesterol biosynthes

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Friedman, M. I., I. Ramirez, N. K. Edens, and J. Granneman. "Food intake in diabetic rats: isolation of primary metabolic effects of fat feeding." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 249, no. 1 (1985): R44—R51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1985.249.1.r44.

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The effects of varying dietary fat content on food intake and metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were examined. The metabolic consequences of fat feeding were separated from the marked adjustments in voluntary food consumption that occur when diabetic rats are fed diets containing different amounts of fat by feeding rats a fixed ration of food in which either fats or carbohydrates were reduced by equicaloric amounts, or in which only the concentration of fat, but not other dietary nutrients, was varied systematically. Resulting changes in metabolism and subsequent ad libitum food intak

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Horowitz, Jeffrey F., Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez, Lauri O. Byerley, and Edward F. Coyle. "Substrate metabolism when subjects are fed carbohydrate during exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 5 (1999): E828—E835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e828.

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This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate, glucose disappearance from plasma (Rd Glc), and fat oxidation. Six moderately trained men cycled for 2 h on four separate occasions. During two trials, they were fed a high-glycemic carbohydrate meal during exercise at 30 min (0.8 g/kg), 60 min (0.4 g/kg), and 90 min (0.4 g/kg); once during low-intensity exercise [25% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] and once during moderate-intensity exercise (68%V˙o 2 peak). During two additional trials, the subjects remained fasted (12–14 h) throughout exe

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Fischer, Karina, Paolo C. Colombani, Wolfgang Langhans, and Caspar Wenk. "Cognitive performance and its relationship with postprandial metabolic changes after ingestion of different macronutrients in the morning." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 3 (2001): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000269.

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The effect of carbohydrate, protein and fat ingestion on simple as well as complex cognitive functions and the relationship between the respective postprandial metabolic changes and changes in cognitive performance were studied in fifteen healthy male students. Subjects were tested in three sessions, separated by 1 week, for short-term changes in blood variables, indirect calorimetry, subjective performance and different objective performance tasks using a repeated-measures counterbalanced cross-over design. Measurements were made after an overnight fast before and hourly during 3 h after test

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Aucouturier, Julien, Julien S. Baker, and Pascale Duché. "Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism during Submaximal Exercise in Children." Sports Medicine 38, no. 3 (2008): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838030-00003.

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Meyer, A. H., W. Langhans, and E. Scharrer. "Vasopressin affects carbohydrate and fat metabolism in pygmy goats." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 63, no. 1-5 (1990): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.1990.tb00116.x.

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27

Che, Kaixuan, Junqiang Qiu, Longyan Yi, et al. "Effects of a Short-Term “Fat Adaptation with Carbohydrate Restoration” Diet on Metabolic Responses and Exercise Performance in Well-Trained Runners." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13031033.

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Periodized carbohydrate availability can enhance exercise capacity, but the effects of short-term fat adaptation carbohydrate restoration (FACR) diets on metabolic responses and exercise performance in endurance athletes have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a FACR diet on measures of resting metabolism, exercise metabolism, and exercise performance. Well-trained male runners (n = 8) completed a FACR dietary intervention (five days’ carbohydrate < 20% and fat > 60% energy, plus one-day carbohydrate ≥ 70% energy), and a control high-carbohydr

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Whitley, Helena A., Sandy M. Humphreys, Jaswinder S. Samra, et al. "Metabolic responses to isoenergetic meals containing different proportions of carbohydrate and fat." British Journal of Nutrition 78, no. 1 (1997): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970115.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interrelationship between carbohydrate and fat metabolism at rest after isoenergetic meals of varying proportions of carbohydrate and fat. Eight physically-active subjects (BMI 18·1–23·4 kg/m2) were studied at rest on three occasions after an overnight fast. In a balanced design they were given meals containing carbohydrate, protein and fat in the following amounts respectively (g/70 kg body weight): meal 1 121,16,48; meal 2 70,16,70; meal 3 50, 14, 80. All meals were isoenergetic, containing 4·0 MJ/70 kg body weight, and were of similar

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Togo, Yuki, Tsuyoshi Otsuka, Mariko Goto, Mitsuhiro Furuse, and Shinobu Yasuo. "Photoperiod regulates dietary preferences and energy metabolism in young developing Fischer 344 rats but not in same-age Wistar rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303, no. 6 (2012): E777—E786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00209.2012.

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The effects of photoperiod on dietary preference were examined using young growing Fischer 344 and Wistar rats, which are seasonal and nonseasonal breeders, respectively. Rats were provided a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (LFD: 66/10/24% energy as carbohydrate/fat/protein) and high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HFD: 21/55/24% energy as carbohydrate/fat/protein) simultaneously under long- (LD: 16 h light/day) and short-day (SD: 8 h light/day) conditions for 3 wk. Fischer 344 rats preferred the LFD to the HFD under the LD condition, whereas preference for both diets was equivalent under the SD c

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Liu, Shing-Hwa, Yu-Xuan Chen, Huei-Ping Tzeng, and Meng-Tsan Chiang. "Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (2022): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091796.

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Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improve the lipid metabolic disturbance elicited by low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Male SD rats were randomized into normal control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), and low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC) groups in experiment 1, and NC, LC, LC + 5% FO (5CF), and LC + 10% FO diet (10CF) groups in exper

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Liu, Shing-Hwa, Yu-Xuan Chen, Huei-Ping Tzeng, and Meng-Tsan Chiang. "Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (2022): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091796.

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Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improve the lipid metabolic disturbance elicited by low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Male SD rats were randomized into normal control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), and low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC) groups in experiment 1, and NC, LC, LC + 5% FO (5CF), and LC + 10% FO diet (10CF) groups in exper

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32

Liu, Shing-Hwa, Yu-Xuan Chen, Huei-Ping Tzeng, and Meng-Tsan Chiang. "Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (2022): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091796.

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Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improve the lipid metabolic disturbance elicited by low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Male SD rats were randomized into normal control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), and low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC) groups in experiment 1, and NC, LC, LC + 5% FO (5CF), and LC + 10% FO diet (10CF) groups in exper

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Ritterath, Claudia, Neda Talai Rad, Tina Siegmund, Thomas Heinze, Gerda Siebert, and Kai J. Buhling. "Adiponectin during pregnancy: correlation with fat metabolism, but not with carbohydrate metabolism." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 281, no. 1 (2009): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-009-1087-z.

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Graham, Terry E., Danielle S. Battram, Flemming Dela, Ahmed El-Sohemy, and Farah S. L. Thong. "Does caffeine alter muscle carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 6 (2008): 1311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-129.

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Caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, has been studied for decades as a putative ergogenic aid. In the past 2 decades, the information has overwhelmingly demonstrated that it indeed is a powerful ergogenic aid, and frequently theories have been proposed that this is due to alterations in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. While caffeine certainly mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue, rarely have measures of the respiratory exchange ratio indicated an increase in fat oxidation. However, this is a difficult measure to perform accurately during exercise, and small changes could be physio

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Jose-Cunilleras, E., and KW Hinchcliff. "Carbohydrate metabolism in exercising horses." Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 1, no. 1 (2004): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ecp20031.

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AbstractCarbohydrate and fat are the predominant sources of energy during exercise in mammals. Carbohydrates, such as muscle glycogen and plasma glucose, and fats from adipose tissue and intramuscular triglycerides are oxidized during exercise in amounts and proportions that vary depending on the exercise intensity, level of fitness and nutritional status. In horses, muscle glycogen, and to a lesser extent plasma glucose, are oxidized in substantial amounts during low-, moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Carbohydrate availability to skeletal muscle affects exercise performance in humans, h

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Okamoto, Miki, Yoshiyuki Okano, Mai Okano, et al. "Food Preferences of Patients with Citrin Deficiency." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (2021): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093123.

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Citrin deficiency is characterized by a wide range of symptoms from infancy through adulthood and presents a distinct preference for a diet composed of high protein, high fat, and low carbohydrate. The present study elucidates the important criteria by patients with citrin deficiency for food selection through detailed analysis of their food preferences. The survey was conducted in 70 citrin-deficient patients aged 2–63 years and 55 control subjects aged 2–74 years and inquired about their preference for 435 food items using a scale of 1–4 (the higher, the more favored). The results showed tha

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Bassami, Minoo, Donald P. M. MacLaren, Sajad Ahmadizad, and Dominic Doran. "Effects of Mixed Isoenergetic Meals on Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism during Exercise in Older Men." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/172853.

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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of four different meals on fat and CHO metabolism during subsequent exercise in elderly males. Eight healthy males (age: 63.3 ± 5.2 years) reported to the physiology laboratory on four separate occasions, each of which was allocated for the performance of a 30-minute exercise on a cycle ergometer at 60% after having normal (N), high fat (HF), high carbohydrate high glycaemic index (HGI) and high carbohydrate low glycaemic index (LGI) meals. Fat oxidation during exercise after the meals ( g/min; g/min; g/min; g/min) was not significant (

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Rowlands, David S., and Will G. Hopkins. "Effect of High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate, and High-Protein Meals on Metabolism and Performance during Endurance Cycling." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 12, no. 3 (2002): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.3.318.

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The effect of pre-exercise meal composition on metabolism and performance in cycling were investigated in a crossover study. Twelve competitive cyclists ingested high-fat, high-carbohydrate, or high-protein meals 90 min before a weekly exercise test. The test consisted of a 1-hour pre-load at 55% peak power, five 10-min incremental loads from 55 to 82% peak power (to measure the peak fat-oxidation rate), and a 50-km time trial that included three 1-km and 4-km sprints. A carbohydrate supplement was ingested throughout the exercise. Relative to the high-protein and high-fat meals, the high-carb

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Dixit, A. S., R. Chetri, and N. S. Singh. "Utilization of biomolecules as fuel energy and their physiological mechanism during migration in birds- A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/1/mrn-1901.

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Migratory birds undergo physiological and behavioral changes to fuel their high energy demanding migratory flights. They increase their food intake as a part of the preparation for migration which results in increase in their body mass. Fat, carbohydrate and protein acquired from food are stored mainly in the adipose tissue (triglycerides), muscle and liver (glycogen) and body organs (protein) in migratory birds. These stored foods act as fuels to support birds’ migratory flights. Dietary carbohydrates and lipids not only provide energy for migration but also help in fattening as carbohydrates

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Liu, Shing-Hwa, Ting-Yu Chang, Shih-Hou Liu, and Meng-Tsan Chiang. "Synergistic Effects of Chitosan and Fish Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diet." Nutrients 16, no. 23 (2024): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16234080.

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Background/Objectives: Although high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets are used for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management, their high-fat content may have negative effects. This study examines the effects of replacing cellulose with chitosan and part of the fat with fish oil in a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet on lipid metabolism in rats. Methods: The experiment involved 35 six-week-old male SD rats, divided into five groups: normal control diet (ND), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (LC), LC with 5% chitosan (LC-CH), and LC with 5% chitosan and 5% fish oil (LC-CHF). Results

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Gonzalez, Javier T., Cas J. Fuchs, James A. Betts, and Luc J. C. van Loon. "Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 311, no. 3 (2016): E543—E553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00232.2016.

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Carbohydrate and fat are the main substrates utilized during prolonged endurance-type exercise. The relative contribution of each is determined primarily by the intensity and duration of exercise, along with individual training and nutritional status. During moderate- to high-intensity exercise, carbohydrate represents the main substrate source. Because endogenous carbohydrate stores (primarily in liver and muscle) are relatively small, endurance-type exercise performance/capacity is often limited by endogenous carbohydrate availability. Much exercise metabolism research to date has focused on

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Kim, H. K., and D. R. Romsos. "Brown adipose tissue metabolism in ob/ob mice: effects of a high-fat diet and adrenalectomy." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 2 (1987): E149—E157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.2.e149.

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Adrenalectomy prevents development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets partly by stimulating the low thermogenic capacity of their brown adipose tissue (BAT). Adrenalectomy, however, fails to prevent development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. Effects of adrenalectomy on BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet were thus examined. ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet developed gross obesity despite normal BAT metabolism, as assessed by rates of norepinephrine turnover in BAT, GDP binding to BAT mitochondria, and GDP-inhibitable, chloride-induced mitocho

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Howard, Emily E., and Lee M. Margolis. "Intramuscular Mechanisms Mediating Adaptation to Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets during Exercise Training." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (2020): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092496.

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Interest in low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets has increased over recent decades given the theorized benefit of associated intramuscular adaptations and shifts in fuel utilization on endurance exercise performance. Consuming a LCHF diet during exercise training increases the availability of fat (i.e., intramuscular triglyceride stores; plasma free fatty acids) and decreases muscle glycogen stores. These changes in substrate availability increase reliance on fat oxidation for energy production while simultaneously decreasing reliance on carbohydrate oxidation for fuel during submaximal exe

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Holloszy, John O., and Wendy M. Kohrt. "Regulation of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism During and After Exercise." Annual Review of Nutrition 16, no. 1 (1996): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001005.

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Shestakova, Ekaterina A., Igor A. Sklyanik, Anna S. Panevina, and Marina V. Shestakova. "Is Absence of Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders in Patients with Prolonged History of Obesity due to Low Insulin Resistance or Preserved Insulin Secretion?" Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 73, no. 5 (2018): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn1027.

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Background: At present a lot of attention is paid to the so-called “metabolically healthy obesity”. More than a half of patients with prolonged history of obesity lack any carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Unfortunately, physiological factors forming the foundation of a favorable metabolic profile in such patients are not sufficiently defined. Aims: Evaluation of insulin resistance (IR) degree, the level of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, and the contribution of both these mechanisms to the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism in patients with prolonged history of obesity. M

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Ostrowska, Lucyna, Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka, Anna Muszyńska, Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Maria Górska, and Adam Krętowski. "High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Meal—Does It Affect the Metabolism of Men with Excess Body Weight?" Nutrients 14, no. 14 (2022): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142876.

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Excessive adipose tissue in the body may lead to adverse health effects, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a standardized high-fat meal (HF) on changes in energy expenditure and changes in the oxidation of energy substrates as well as the concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides and homocysteine in blood serum in relation to a standardized high-carbohydrate (non-fat, HC) meal in men with different nutritional status. In this study, 26 men (aged 19–60) without carbohydrate disorders (study group G

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Parry, Siôn A., Mark C. Turner, Rachel M. Woods, et al. "High-Fat Overfeeding Impairs Peripheral Glucose Metabolism and Muscle Microvascular eNOS Ser1177 Phosphorylation." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 1 (2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz018.

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Abstract Context The mechanisms responsible for dietary fat-induced insulin resistance of skeletal muscle and its microvasculature are only partially understood. Objective To determine the impact of high-fat overfeeding on postprandial glucose fluxes, muscle insulin signaling, and muscle microvascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content and activation. Design Fifteen non-obese volunteers consumed a high-fat (64%) high-energy (+47%) diet for 7 days. Experiments were performed before and after the diet. Stable isotope tracers were used to determine glucose fluxes in response to carb

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Verbovoy, A. F., N. I. Verbovaya, and Yu A. Dolgikh. "Obesity is the basis of metabolic syndrome." Obesity and metabolism 18, no. 2 (2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet12707.

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Metabolic syndrome is a symptom complex that is based on visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its prevalence is quite high, which is a big problem, since this condition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them. Metabolic syndrome includes, in addition to abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue plays a key role in the formation of insulin resistance and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This is due to the fact that abdominal fat, in contrast to subcutaneous fat

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Dankel, Simon N., Bodil Bjørndal, Carine Lindquist, et al. "Hepatic Energy Metabolism Underlying Differential Lipidomic Responses to High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 9 (2021): 2610–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab178.

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ABSTRACT Background Low-carbohydrate diets are suggested to exert metabolic benefits by reducing circulating triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, possibly by enhancing mitochondrial activity. Objective We aimed to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary carbohydrate and fat differentially affect hepatic and circulating TG, and how these mechanisms relate to fatty acid composition. Methods Six-week-old, ∼300 g male Wistar rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat [HC; 61.3% of energy (E%) carbohydrate] or a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (HF; 63.5 E% fat) diet for 4 wk. Parameters of lipid metabolis

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Shidakov, Yu, E. Sharova, I. Abdumalikova, T. Mashanlo, and A. Abdulbakiev. "Effect of Feeding Rat on the Biochemical Profile of Blood and Liver Morphology." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 2 (2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/51/06.

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The nature of nutrition modifies the metabolism of substances and ensures either normal functioning or contributes to metabolic disorders and the development of pathologies. A study was made of the effect of different feeding diets (lipid, carbohydrate and protein) on the blood biochemical profile of adult sexually mature rats. The work was performed on 28 white laboratory male rats weighing 180–250 g, which were 4 groups: the first (1) group (n=7) was fed exclusively with lipids (fat tail fat), the second (2, n=7) — carbohydrates (sugar), the third (3, n=7) — proteins, and the fourth (4, n=7)

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