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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fat metabolism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Bickerton, Alex Sam Thomas. "Fat metabolism and the metabolic syndrome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9108a8ca-8b3e-4e45-98e2-4765c009774f.

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Background: The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and vascular disease. In order to understand the pathophysiological processes underlying such risk, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of normal fat metabolism and abnormalities associated with the syndrome. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that specific abnormalities in adipose tissue and muscle fat metabolism characterise the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Fasting biochemical parameters were measured in a cohort of overweight men with and without the metabolic syndrome. Stable-isotope labe

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2

Migid-Hamzza, Jeffery A. "Fat Metabolism in Smooth Dogfish." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1132414091.

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3

Manolopoulos, Konstantinos. "Adrenergic regulation of regional fat metabolism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31dfdca3-e3df-41a6-bf27-74f6ccdcf0a7.

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Introduction: An increased gluteofemoral adipose tissue (AT) mass is associated with a protective cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile, and effective fatty acid retention in femoral AT has been proposed as a possible mechanism. Catecholamines are important regulators of AT lipolysis and blood flow (ATBF). The aim of the thesis was to investigate regional differences in the adrenergic regulation of fatty acid release and ATBF between abdominal and femoral AT in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo regional fatty acid trafficking was studied in a physiological setting over 24 h. Methods: Regional fat

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4

Orme, Elizabeth Catherine. "Fat metabolism in the exercising thoroughbred horse." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57558/.

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The thoroughbred horse has been selectively bred for speed and has a high capacity for carbohydrate metabolism. The following series of studies investigated the relative contribution of fat and carbohydrate to energy production during exercise of varying intensity. Furthermore the work assessed the capacity of the horse to increase the contribution of fat to energy production as the result of either an acute increase in the availability of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) or as the result of chronic fat supplementation. Finally an adaptational response to feeding a fat supplemented diet was descr

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5

Osei, Michael. "A study of dietary fat metabolism in healthy and insulin resistant subjects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708531.

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6

Olenick, Alyssa. "Metabolic Flexibility Among Women after a Single High Fat Meal." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1970.

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PURPOSE: Obese women have increased rates of metabolic diseases compared to those of healthy weight status. Additionally, African-American (AA) women have higher rates of metabolic disease compared to Caucasian (CA) women. Metabolic inflexibility is the inability to adjust substrate oxidation in response to dietary intake; potentially leading to weight gain and the development of metabolic disease. Few studies have investigated the impact of weight status and/or ethnicity on the metabolic response of women to a single high fat meal. An acute unfavorable metabolic response may contribute to the

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7

Jeukendrup, Asker Erik. "Aspects of carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise." Haarlem : Maastricht : De Vrieseborch ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6815.

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8

Brandt, Karsten. "Fat metabolism and the control of food intake." Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2648-X.htm.

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9

Grohmann, Malcolm James. "Regulation of children's fat and skeletal muscle metabolism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422554.

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10

Gill, Jason Martin Regnald. "Postprandial studies of moderate exercise and triacylglycerol metabolism." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11106.

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Exaggerated postprandial lipaemia has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, by reducing postprandial TAG concentrations, exercise may play a role in delaying atherogenic progression. This thesis sought to explore the qualitative nature of, and the mechanisms behind, the moderate exercise-induced attenuation to postprandial lipaemia. Before the experimental studies commenced, a reproducibility study was undertaken. This showed that in a group of eight middle-aged men, the postprandial plasma TAG response differed by only 1.9 ± 5.1 % (mean ± standard error) on a testretest

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11

Roper, J. F. D. "The effect of fat encapsulation on the fate of labile nutrients in the ruminant gut." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378358.

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12

Lewandowski, Paul, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Liver fat metabolism, obesity and diabetes in Psammomys Obesus." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.111432.

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Defects in fat metabolism are central to the aetiology and pathogenesis of obesity and type II diabetes. The liver plays a central role in these disease states via its regulation of glucose and fat metabolism. In addition, accumulation of fat within the liver has been associated with changes in key pathways of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. However a number of questions remain. It is hypothesised that fat accumulation within the liver is a primary defect in the aetiology and pathogenesis of obesity and type II diabetes. Fat accumulating in the liver is the result of changes in the gene expre

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13

Faraj, May. "Postprandial plasma acylation stimulating protein response and fat metabolism in post-obese women." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29889.

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Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a plasma protein that significantly increases adipose tissue fat storage. In vivo and in vitro studies have suggested a role for plasma ASP in enhancing postprandial plasma triglyceride (TG) clearance. The primary objective of this study was to examine, for the first time, the postprandial response of plasma ASP and the fate of an exogenous fat source in 8 post-obese and 8 matched control women. This was done through following 13C-labeled high fat breakfast meal (1062 Cal, 67% fat) every 2 hours for 8 hours in 3 plasma pools and in expired breath CO2. The

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14

Asante, Emmanuel A. "Biochemical genetics of lipid metabolism in chickens and mice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11520.

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15

Kimber, Nicholas E., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Skeletal muscle fat metabolism during post-exercise recovery in humans." Deakin University. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.115311.

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Recovery after prolonged or high-intensity exercise is characterised by a substantial increase in adipose tissue lipolysis, resulting in elevated rates of plasma-derived fat oxidation. Despite the large increase in circulating fatty acids (FAs) after exercise, only a small fraction of this is taken up by exercised muscle in the lower extremities. Indeed, the predominant fate of non-oxidised FAs derived from post-exercise lipolysis is reesteriflcation hi the liver. During recovery from endurance exercise, a number of changes also occur hi skeletal muscle that allow for a high metabolic priority

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16

Sonko, Bakary Jallow. "Studies of carbohydrate and fat oxidation in human energy metabolism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240088.

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17

Greathead, Henry M. R. "Fat and protein metabolism in cattle fed on grass silage." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339657.

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18

Thapa, Gita. "Developmental Changes in Fat Metabolism of Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca Sexta." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26632.

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Insects fed high carbohydrate diets have increased fat storage, and excess fat storage in insects may have fitness costs. M. sexta larvae reared on 5.6% fat diet had lower body mass and growth rate compared to those on 3.4% fat or 0.4% fat diets. Fifth instar caterpillars fed high-fat diet ate less food but had higher approximate digestibility than the low-fat diet fed caterpillars. Analysis of fat body and fecal pellet lipid content showed high-fat diet fed caterpillars stored and excreted more lipids than low-fat diet fed caterpillars. To test the hypothesis that increased dietary fat alters

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19

Yang, Yan. "CEACAM1: A Molecular Link Between Fat Metabolism and Insulin Clearance." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1115060085.

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20

Fujitani, Mina. "Studies on the regulation of fat metabolism during endurance exercise." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199366.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第19042号<br>農博第2120号<br>新制||農||1032(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H27||N4924(農学部図書室)<br>31993<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻<br>(主査)教授伏木亨, 教授保川清, 教授金本龍平<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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21

Lee, Sang Jun. "CEACAM1 : a common regulator of fat metabolism and cell proliferation." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1218146004.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2008.<br>"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 74-82, 116-124, 146-192.

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22

Yang, Yan. "CEACAM1 : a molecular link between fat metabolism and insulin clearance." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1115060085.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Medical College of Ohio, 2004.<br>In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences. Major advisor: Sonia Najjar. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: v, 167 p. Bibliography: pages 117-165.

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23

Bennoson, Janet. "The effect of manipulating the macronutrient composition of meals postprandial lipid metabolism." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310698.

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24

Baugh, Mary Elizabeth. "Skeletal Muscle Substrate Metabolism following a High Fat Diet in Sedentary and Endurance Trained Males." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85417.

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Insulin resistance (IR), T2DM, and obesity together form a cluster of interrelated metabolic challenges that may be linked by metabolic inflexibility. Metabolic inflexibility is characterized by the resistance to switching substrate oxidation preference based on substrate availability and can be measured in either fasted or insulin-stimulated conditions. As the largest site for glucose disposal and a primary tissue influencing regulation of blood glucose concentrations, skeletal muscle likely plays a central role in regulating substrate oxidation preference based on substrate availability. Ske

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25

Pufal, Deborah Ann. "The effects of two structural isomers of monopalmitoyl-dioleoylglycerol on lipoprotein metabolism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262108.

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26

Whitley, Helena Angela. "The interaction of dietary carbohydrate and fat at rest and during exercise." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263546.

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27

Ip, P. M., and 葉沛汶. "Perinatal nutrition affects adiposity and skeletal muscle fat metabolism in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30253111.

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28

Ka, Khady. "Fat and bone metabolism in relation to gingival inflammation in children." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121433.

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Introduction: Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between diseases related to fat and bone metabolism and periodontal health. Despite the extensive evidence showing these associations in adults, only a few studies have been conducted in children. We address a gap in the pediatric literature by examining the extent to which markers of gingival inflammation are associated with i) metabolic syndrome (MetS) and: ii) plasma uncarboxylated osteocalcin (unOC). As a preliminary step, we first explore the extent to which whole-body bone measurements were associated with fat mass after taki

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29

Pennington, S. R. "The effects of insulin on phosphoinositide metabolism in isolated fat cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382660.

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30

Hodgson, Adrian. "Influence of nutritional interventions to optimise fat metabolism and exercise performance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4676/.

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This thesis investigated three commonly used nutritional interventions that are often claimed to alter substrate metabolism and improve exercise performance: green tea extract (GTE), coffee and vitamin D. GTE and caffeine have been hypothesized to increase fat oxidation at rest and during exercise, thereby lowering the reliance on skeletal muscle glycogen and improving endurance exercise capacity. We observed that 7 days GTE supplementation resulted in an increase in metabolites related to fat and energy metabolism at rest but not during moderate intensity exercise. The current thesis also fou

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31

Dunn, Sarah Louise Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Effects of exercise and dietary intervention on metabolic syndrome markers of inactive premenopausal women." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43914.

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The effects of exercise and dietary intervention on metabolic syndrome (Mets) markers of inactive premenopausal women were investigated. In Study I, early markers of MetS were examined in young, (21.2 ?? 0.3 years), healthy but unfit women (N = 66) consuming a processed food diet. A second aim was to examine the relationship between ethnic influences (European versus Chinese) and early markers of MetS (e.g., hyperinsulinemia). Study II compared the hormonal and metabolic responses to steady state exercise (SSE) and high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in untrained young women (N = 18, 21.7

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32

Riggs, Amy Jo Gropper Sareen Annora Stepnick. "Changes in energy expenditure associated with injestion of high protein, high fat versus high protein, low fat meals among underweight, normal weight, and overweight females." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/RIGGS_AMY_28.pdf.

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33

Ding, Min Judd Robert L. "Regulation of glucose metabolism in a hepatic and muscle cell line by adiponectin." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1263.

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34

Hayes, Jasmine Marie. "Skeletal Muscle Adaption to 5 days of High-Fat Feeding in Humans." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85059.

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Skeletal muscle is highly involved in macronutrient metabolism. To maintain proper energy metabolism and physiology, skeletal muscle must adapt to nutrient supply. Thus, diet macronutrient composition is an important modulator of skeletal muscle metabolism. Evidence from rodent and human models show high-fat diets contribute to impaired insulin signaling, as well as decreased fatty acid and glucose oxidation. Utilizing proteomic analysis of metabolic proteins in humans may lead to the mechanism behind skeletal muscle adaption to macronutrient composition, potentially providing the groundwork f

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35

Guardiola, Guionnet Montserrat. "Role of the apoa5 gene in lipid and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8857.

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La malaltia cardiovascular és responsable d'un elevat nombre de morts en els països industrialitzats. La seva alta prevalença és deguda, principalment, a factors ambientals com l'estil de vida sedentari, el tipus de dieta rica en greixos i hàbits com el tabaquisme, que si s'afegeixen a una predisposició genètica pot resultar en un major risc de malaltia. Un dels factors determinants del desenvolupament de malaltia són els lípids, que en circulació són guiats per les apolipoproteïnes (APO). El mal funcionament d'aquestes proteïnes degut a variants genètiques pot influir, per exemple, en la quan

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36

Berg, Frida. "Genetic Analysis of Fat Metabolism in Domestic Pigs and their Wild Ancestor." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7089.

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37

Souza, Paulo Fernando Araujo de. "The effects of dietary fat on the metabolism of the lactating rat." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276817.

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38

Oakley, Francesca Rachel. "The influence on dietary fat on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and haemostatic variables." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314045.

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39

Eaves, Audrey Denise Houmard Joseph A. "Effects of parental obesity on fat metabolism during submaximal exercise in children." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/1905.

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Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009.<br>Presented to the faculty of the Department of Exercise and Sport Science. Advisor: Joseph Houmard. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 4, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

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40

Tang, Ling. "The effect of pharmacological and dietary modulators of lipid metabolism on gene expression in a porcine model." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/TANG_LING_28.pdf.

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41

Dinis, Ana Paula Gonçalves. "Níveis plasmáticos de lipídios em ratos submetidos à dieta com gordura suína como fonte lipídica após esplenectomia total isolada ou combinada com implante esplênico autógeno." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2053.

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Alguns estudos experimentais têm sugerido um importante papel do baço no metabolismo lipídico. Poucas análises, entretanto, avaliam o impacto que diferentes fontes de gordura possam exercer sobre os níveis de lipídios plasmáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito de uma dieta nutricionalmente equilibrada (NE) e de uma dieta com gordura suína (GS) como fonte lipídica nos níveis de lipídios plasmáticos em ratos submetidos a esplenectomia total (ET) isolada ou combinada com implante esplênico autógeno (IEA). Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar machos adultos, distribuídos em seis grup

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42

Zubia, Raul Y. "Substrate oxidation and energy expenditure during and one hour after isocaloric exercise bouts of different intensity." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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43

Burén, Jonas. "Glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin resistance : an experimental study in fat cells." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26.

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Type 2 diabetes is usually caused by a combination of pancreatic β-cell failure and insulin resistance in target tissues like liver, muscle and fat. Insulin resistance is characterised by an impaired effect of insulin to reduce hepatic glucose production and to promote glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. The focus of this study was to further elucidate cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance that may be of relevance for type 2 diabetes in humans. We used rat and human adipocytes as an established model of insulin’s target cells. Glucocorticoids, e.g. cortisol, can induce insulin resistanc

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44

Zhou, Xun. "LMO4 is Required for Central Leptin Control of Fat Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19948.

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Metabolic homeostasis is orchestrated by the hypothalamus through the neuroendocrine and the autonomic nervous systems. The hypothalamic nuclei respond to the peptide leptin secreted from adipose tissue to suppress feeding and increase energy expenditure by promoting fat metabolism via sympathetic activity. Another important, but perhaps less appreciated function of central leptin signaling is to elevate peripheral insulin sensitivity. Environmental and genetic risk factors that affect hypothalamic leptin signaling can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we discovered t

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45

Faraj, May. "Postprandial plasma acylation stimulating protein reponse and fat metabolism in post-obese women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/MQ55054.pdf.

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46

Pitsiladis, Yannis P. "Diet manipulation, altered fat and carbohydrate metabolism and exercise performance in trained humans." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU089995.

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The aim of the first two experiments was to determine whether alterations in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake would affect performance of high intensity exercise in well-trained individuals. This was achieved by comparing the effects of a 70 and 40% CHO diet on the performance of high intensity exercise lasting approximately 10 min (Experiment 1) or 30 min (Experiment 2). At both exercise intensities, no difference in exercise performance was found. These results demonstrated that moderate changes in diet composition during normal training do not significantly affect performance of high inten

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47

Cha, Ming Chuan 1955. "Effects of dietary fat selection and energy restriction on tissue lipid metabolism : structure, function and regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35684.

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To investigate interactive effects of dietary fatty acid composition and energy restriction on body lipid metabolism and its regulation, rats were fed for 10 weeks diets varying in fat type and energy intake level. Energy deficiency was achieved by removing carbohydrate from the diets while keeping fat and other nutrient intakes constant. Tissue fatty acid deposition was influenced by the interaction between the dietary fat source and body energy balance. Less total fatty acids were deposited in livers of the ad libitum beef tallow-fed animals than the other fat feedings. However, such differe

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48

Wee, Shiou-Liang. "Influence of the type of carbohydrate breakfasts on metabolism and endurance running capacity in man." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13775.

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Compared to the overnight fasted state, a high carbohydrate (CHO) breakfast 3-4 hours before exercise enhances endurance performance. However, the optimal type or composition of the pre-exercise meal to be consumed is less clear. Glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to a meal play a key role in subsequent metabolism during exercise. The investigations described in this thesis focused on the influence of I) the composition and 2) glycaemic index (GI) of CHO breakfasts 3 hours before exercise on postprandial and exercise metabolism and endurance running capacity.

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49

Wu, Nan. "Regulation of hepatic inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in metabolic disease." The American Physiological Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23352.

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Hyperhomocysteinemia, an elevation of blood homocysteine levels, is a metabolic disorder associated with dysfunction of multiple organs. Previous studies have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is related to fatty liver. However, the underlying mechanism remains speculative. The objective of the present study is to investigate the regulatory mechanism of hepatic inflammatory response and cholesterol metabolism during metabolic disorders. In the present study, hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding a high-methionine diet. The mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygena

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50

Stephens, Brooke R. "The influence of biological maturation on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in boys." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260630.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of biological maturation on the pattern of fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in early-pubertal (EP), mid-pubertal (MP), and late-pubertal (LP) males. Nine boys, Tanner stage I (EP) (10.3 ±0.9 years), 12 boys, Tanner stage 2/3 (MP) (12.3 ± 1.9 years), and 11 boys, Tanner stage 4/5 (LP) (15.0 ± 0.8 years) were subjects. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was assessed and, on a separate day, 5, 5-minute exercise bouts on a cycle ergometer at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% Of VO2max were performed in a fasted state. Fuel use was calculat

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