Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fat percentage

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fat percentage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fat percentage"

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Chakraborty, Arijit, Sujoy P. Bhattacharyya, and Malay K. Ghosal. "A comparative study of total body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage and whole body subcutaneous and skeletal fat percentage between patients with depression and normal subjects." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 11 (2023): 4125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233386.

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Background: In today’s world, depression has been named as the foremost public health problem while obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century. A probable association between depression and obesity has been suspected. The quantification of obesity, can be done by various methods such as body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) etc. Among these, BMI and BIA have emerged as well accepted techniques. From impedance measurement values and other data such as a person’s height, weight and body types, it is possible to calculate the percentage of body fat, fat-free mass (skeletal muscles), and other body composition values. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Cases comprised of subjects who were diagnosed with depression but were ‘drug naive’ while the control group comprised of age-matched subjects drawn from the normal population. Measurement of various anthropometric parameters like BMI, total body fat (TBF) %, visceral fat % etc. was carried out among the cases and controls using a portable body fat monitor scan that employed BIA. Results: BMI, TBF%, visceral fat %, whole body subcutaneous and skeletal fat % were found to be much higher among the cases (subjects with depression) in comparison with the controls (normal subjects), in a statistically significant way. Conclusions: The study showed that the intrinsic inflammatory potential of obesity coupled with its probable dysregulatory impact on the (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal) HPA axis was possibly the underlying cause of the elevated anthropometric parameters noted among the cases.
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Vehrs, Pat R., Gilbert W. Fellingham, Angela McAferty, and Laurel Kelsey. "Trends in BMI Percentile and Body Fat Percentage in Children 12 to 17 Years of Age." Children 9, no. 5 (2022): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9050744.

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This study evaluates the cross-sectional trends in body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) percentile rank, and the relationship between the two in 332 (177 boys, 155 girls) 12- to 17-year-old children. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using measured height and body mass, and sex-specific BMI for age percentile rank was determined using CDC growth charts. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured with DEXA. Fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated by normalizing the fat mass and fat-free mass for height. Compared to boys of the same age, girls had significantly higher BF% and FMI values and lower FFMI values. Compared to boys, at a given BMI percentile rank, females had a higher BF% and FMI, and a lower FFMI. In both boys and girls, there was an exponential increase in adiposity above the 70th percentile rank. BMI percentile rank is not an equivalent indicator of body fatness in boys and girls. Other measures of body composition can further inform the practitioner of a child’s adiposity.
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Sari, Nurul Yuli Permata, Ardesy Melizah Kurniati, Julius Anzar, Liniyanti D. Oswari, Sri Nita, and Syarinta Adenina. "The Relationship of Fat Intake and Body Fat Percentage in Medical Students." Biomedical Journal of Indonesia 10, no. 3 (2024): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bji.v10i3.201.

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Introduction. Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation in the body, now the prevalence is increasing in the group aged>18 years based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Nowadays body fat percentage has been declared to assess the risk factor of disease-related body weight better than BMI, people with proportioned weight had excessive body fat percentage evenly. Excessive fat intake is one of the important factors for obesity. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between fat intake with body fat percentage. Methods. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design on 275 medical faculty students of Sriwijaya University, starting from August until December 2017 by collecting primary data through completing forms, food records, questionnaires, and physical examinations. Results. The results were analyzed statistically using chi-square. 67.3% of subjects had excessive body fat percentage and 50.2% with excessive fat intake. Results by the chi-square test indicate a negative association between fat intake with body fat percentage (p value=0.184). Conclusion. Fat intake with body fat percentage was negatively associated.
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M.S, ANTONY VIGIL. "Estimation of Body Fat Percentage Using Neural Networks, Tensorflow and Opencv." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, no. 2 (2020): 696–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i2/301128.

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Setyaningrum, Sri, Dini Julia Sari Siregar, Ruth Riah Ate Tarigan, and Warisman a. "THE EFFECT OF SYNBIOTIC ON CARCASS PERCENTAGE AND ABDOMINAL FAT PERCENTAGE OF NATIVE CHICKEN." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 06 (2022): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14907.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of synbiotic on carcass percentage and abdominal fat percentage of native chicken. This research used 120 birds of native chicken. Basal diet in this research formulated with metabolizable energy (ME) 3000 kcal/kg and crude protein 19%. Completely randomized design used in this research with 6 treatment and 4 replicates. The 6 treatments were P0: control (without synbiotic), P1: basal diet + 1.0% of synbiotic, P2: basal diet + 1.5% of synbiotic, P3: basal diet + 2.0% of synbiotic, P4:basal diet + 2.5% of synbioticand P5: basal diet + 3.0% of synbiotic. The parameters in this research were live weight, carcass percentage and abdominal fat percentage. Based on this research showed that the treatment of synbiotic significant different (p<0.05) on live weight, carcass percentage and abdominal fat percentage of native chicken. Conclusion of the research was the supplementation of synbiotic increased of liveweight and carcass percentageand reduced of abdominal fat percentage of native chicken.
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Nolan, John, Orla O’Donovan, Heather Kavanagh, et al. "Macular Pigment and Percentage of Body Fat." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 45, no. 11 (2004): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.04-0273.

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Indraswari, Sonya Hayu, Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin, and Ali Rosidi. "Correlation between nutritional adequacy, Fe content, body fat percentage, and muscle mass percentage with physical fitness." Jurnal Keolahragaan 10, no. 1 (2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v10i1.46001.

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This study aims to determine the correlation between nutritional adequacy, Fe content, body fat percentage, and muscle mass percentage with physical fitness in football athletes. Adequacy of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, protein and Fe) was obtained with a 2×24 hour recall. The Fe content value of Fe was measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method and sTfR was measured using the ELWASA method. The percentage of fat and muscle was obtained by using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis tool. Physical fitness was measured using the ACSPFT (Asian Committee on Standardization of Physical Fitness Test) test which includes long jumps, pull-ups, sit-ups, sprints or sprints, shuttle run tests, sit and reach and long runs. The bivariate statwastical test used was the Pearson and Rank-Spearman correlation test, while the multivariate test used the Linear Regression test. There was a correlation between carbohydrate adequacy and physical fitness (p = 0.008). Physical fitness related to carbohydrate adequacy was agility and hand muscle strength (shuttle run and pull-up). There was no correlation between adequacy of energy, protein, fat, Fe Content, fat percentage, muscle percentage and physical fitness of athletes. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most influential on physical fitness was fat adequacy (Rsquwere=14,6%).
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Indraswari, Sonya Hayu, Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin, and Ali Rosidi. "Correlation between nutritional adequacy, Fe content, body fat percentage, and muscle mass percentage with physical fitness." Jurnal Keolahragaan 10, no. 1 (2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v10i1.46001.

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This study aims to determine the correlation between nutritional adequacy, Fe content, body fat percentage, and muscle mass percentage with physical fitness in football athletes. Adequacy of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, protein and Fe) was obtained with a 2×24 hour recall. The Fe content value of Fe was measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method and sTfR was measured using the ELWASA method. The percentage of fat and muscle was obtained by using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis tool. Physical fitness was measured using the ACSPFT (Asian Committee on Standardization of Physical Fitness Test) test which includes long jumps, pull-ups, sit-ups, sprints or sprints, shuttle run tests, sit and reach and long runs. The bivariate statwastical test used was the Pearson and Rank-Spearman correlation test, while the multivariate test used the Linear Regression test. There was a correlation between carbohydrate adequacy and physical fitness (p = 0.008). Physical fitness related to carbohydrate adequacy was agility and hand muscle strength (shuttle run and pull-up). There was no correlation between adequacy of energy, protein, fat, Fe Content, fat percentage, muscle percentage and physical fitness of athletes. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most influential on physical fitness was fat adequacy (Rsquwere=14,6%).
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Fila Rachmad Ramadan, Lini Anisfatus Sholihah, Noor Rohmah Mayasari, and Wildan Alfira Gusrianto. "Energy, Fat, Carbohydrate Adequacy, Physical Activity: Relation to Nutrition Students' Body Fat Percentage." Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan 22, no. 2 (2024): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.171.

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Obesity is caused by excessive fat accumulation due to high energy, carbohydrate, fat intake, and low physical activity, leading to serious health risks. This study examines the relationship between the adequacy levels of energy, fat, carbohydrates, and physical activity with body fat percentage in nutrition students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design involving 111 respondents selected through cluster random sampling based on student cohorts. Data were collected using a 3x24-hour Food Record questionnaire and the IPAQ Short Form to assess physical activity levels, and body fat percentage was measured using BIA. The results showed that most respondents had a deficit in energy adequacy (72.1%) and carbohydrate adequacy (91%), 57.6% had adequate or higher fat intake, and 64% were physically active. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between energy adequacy levels (p=0.024; OR=4.4) and fat adequacy (p=0.000; OR=6) with body fat percentage, as well as a significant relationship between physical activity (p=0.028; OR=2.3) and body fat percentage. No significant relationship was found between carbohydrate adequacy levels and body fat percentage (p=0.316). This study highlights the importance of maintaining balanced energy and fat intake and increasing physical activity to control body fat percentage and prevent obesity among female students. Nutrition and physical activity intervention programs tailored to the needs of female students are necessary to achieve optimal body health.
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Leng, L., H. Zhang, J. Q. Dong, et al. "Selection against abdominal fat percentage may increase intramuscular fat content in broilers." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 133, no. 5 (2016): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12204.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fat percentage"

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Nowak, Kathryn M. "A comparison of body fat percentage estimates between duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1315175.

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Assessment of body fat percentage is desirable to identify health risks associated with obesity. There are few studies that have compared the assessment of body fat between air displacement plethysmography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, particularly related to age and gender differences. The purpose of this study was to determine if body fat percent estimates differ depending on age and/or gender between air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod, Life Measurements Instrument, Concord, CA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, General Electric Medical Systems, Lunar Prodigy, Madison, WI). Sixty subjects were studied: 15 men and 15 women, 22-35 years and 15 men and 15 women, 55-80 years. Subjects were excluded if they competed in athletics or high-level exercise training in the last year. Standard calibration and testing procedures were used for both methods. Both methods were administered at least twice to evaluate reliability and were repeated a third time if the first two measures differed by >2%. Differences between methods for age groups and gender were analyzed using ANOVA and reliability comparisons between the body composition methods were evaluated with correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Using data for all subjects, DEXA (r = .996) and Bod Pod (r = .985) both showed good reliability. However, in younger females the reliability of the Bod Pod (r = .911) was lower. Sixteen of the 60 subjects required a third trial for the Bod Pod, whereas all repeated DEXA measures were consistent. The deviation between trial 1 and 2 for the DEXA (.6%) was significantly less than that in the Bod Pod (1.5%). Significant interactions between the body composition method and age group were found. Mean body fat percentage in the younger group was higher in the DEXA (24.1 + 1.1%) than the Bod Pod (23.0 + 1.3%) however, in the older group it was found to be lower in the DEXA (33.9 ± 1.1%) than the Bod Pod (37.2 ± 1.3%). Both the DEXA and the Bod Pod were reliable but repeated DEXA measures were more consistent than the Bod Pod measures. Bod Pod estimates of body fat percentage were lower for younger subjects, yet higher for older subjects compared to DEXA measurements.<br>School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Russell, Kenric Lloyd. "Physical Activity and C-reactive Protein Levels: The Confounding Role of Body Fat Percentage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1255.pdf.

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Lorenzo, Lauren L. "The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Restrictive Diets And Body Fat Percentage in the Female Athlete." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/13.

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Purpose: To assess the dietary intake and body composition of recreational and competitive female athletes, for the purpose of analyzing the relationships between macronutrient intake and body composition.. The main aim was to determine the relationship between caloric intake, carbohydrate (CHO) intake and protein intake with body fat percentage in active females. Methods: Using an IRB approved protocol, 44 volunteer female recreational and competitive athletes 18 years of age or older were recruited. Interviews were conducted to gather information on within day energy balance by assessing the time and amount of foods/beverages consumed, and the duration and intensity (using a Rating of Perceived Exertion scale) of activity performed on the day of assessment. All analyses were performed using Nutritiming™ (Calorie and Pulse Technologies, Atlanta, GA) to assess energy surpluses, energy deficits, and end of day energy balance. Information on date of birth, race/ethnicity, menstrual status, sleep and wake times, and prior diagnoses of metabolic disease and/or eating disorders were collected at the time of the interview. Height was assessed using a standard stadiometer. Weight and body composition were assessed via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using InBody 230 (BioSpace Co. USA). The BIA assessment was performed to determine body fat percentage, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Body Mass Index (BMI), segmental body composition, and fat and lean mass in kilograms. Nutrient data were derived using an interviewer-led, 24-hour recall. Results: CHO intake/kg total mass was significantly and inversely correlated with body fat percentage and BMI, (p=0.018 and p=0.001 respectively). Protein intake/kg total mass was also inversely and significantly correlated with body fat percentage (p=0.006). Fat intake was not significantly associated with BMI, body fat percent, or lean mass in kilograms. Total energy intake/kg total mass was inversely associated with BMI (p=0.001), with fat mass (p=0.001), and with body fat percentage, (p=0.001). CHO intake/kg total mass was positively associated with the total number of hours spent in an anabolic (i.e., EB>0) state (p=0.001), and was inversely associated with the total number of hours spent in a catabolic (i.e., EB < 0) state (p=0.001). CHO intake/kg total mass was the only substrate to be significantly correlated with the number of hours spent ± 400 kcal EB over a 24 hour period (p=0.001). Z-scores were created to establish categories of body composition and energy balance values. Utilizing Chi-Square tests, it was determined that more hours spent in an energy surplus (> 400kcal) was associated with higher body fat percent (p=0.042). Conclusions: CHO restriction, whether done intentionally or as a function of an energy restrictive intake, was commonly observed in this subject pool. Of the females surveyed, 79% did not meet their daily energy needs and, on average, consumed 49% of the recommended daily intake of CHO established for active people. The findings that subjects with lower CHO intakes had higher body fat levels, and that CHO was associated with improved maintenance of energy balance, which was also associated with lower body fat percent, suggest that physically active women should not restrict CHO to achieve a desired body composition. It was also observed that end-of-day energy balance was not associated with either energy substrate consumption or body composition.
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Niemann, McKayla Jean. "Strength Training and Insulin Resistance: The Mediating Role of Body Composition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9071.

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OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to assess the association between varying amounts of strength training and insulin resistance. Another goal was to assess the influence of several potential confounding variables on the strength training and insulin resistance relationship. Lastly, the role of waist circumference, fat free mass, and body fat percentage on the association between strength training and insulin resistance was assessed. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 6561 randomly selected men and women in the US. Data were collected using the precise protocol established by NHANES. HOMA-IR was used as the outcome variable. Both time spent strength training and frequency of strength training bouts were used as exposure variables. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant relationship between strength training and insulin resistance in women. However, after controlling for 10 potential confounding variables, men who reported no strength training had significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR compared to men who reported moderate or high levels of strength training (F = 9.87, P < 0.0001). Odds ratios were also assessed, and 10 potential confounding variables were controlled. Men reporting no strength training had 2.42 times the odds of having insulin resistance compared to men reporting moderate levels of strength training (95% CI: 1.19 to 4.93). Similarly, men reporting no strength training had 2.50 times the odds of having insulin resistance compared to men reporting high levels of strength training (95% CI: 1.25 to 5.00). CONCLUSION: There was a strong relationship between strength training and insulin resistance in US men, but not in US women. Differences in waist circumference, fat free mass, and body fat percentage, as well as demographic and lifestyle measures, do not appear to mediate the relationship.
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Botha, Tershia. "The relationship between exercise, amenorrhoea, percentage body fat and disordered eating among adolescent female runners / T. Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2095.

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Martinez, Keilah Elizabeth. "Association Between Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance Among U.S. Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6416.

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The purpose of this investigation was to expand the evaluation of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and its association with insulin resistance using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. A cross-sectional study including 5,983 subjects was conducted. Body fat percentage was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Expanded Normal Weight Obesity (eNWO) categories (pairings of BMI and body fat percentage classifications) were determined by standard cut-points for BMI and the gender specific median for body fat percentage. Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were used to index insulin resistance. Mean ± SE values were as follows: BMI: 27.9 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.1 (men); body fat percentage: 40.5 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.2 (men); HOMA-IR: 2.04 ± 0.05 (women) 2.47 ± 0.09 (men). HOMA-IR differed systematically and in a dose-response fashion across all levels of the eNWO categories (F = 291.3, P < 0.0001). As BMI levels increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly and within each BMI category, higher levels of body fat were associated significantly with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Both high BMI and high body fat percentage are strongly related to insulin resistance. In this study, insulin resistance increased incrementally according to BMI levels primarily and body fat levels secondarily. Consequently, due to the costs associated with precisely measuring body fat, and the accuracy of using BMI independently, we recommend that BMI be used in its standard form to predict insulin resistance and not be supplemented with an estimate of body fat.
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Pivato, Mateus. "Caracterização do crescimento e da composição corporal de animais Wagyu x Angus durante as fases de recria e terminação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129451.

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Com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento de animais cruza Wagyu x Angus, 24 machos castrados e 23 fêmeas foram separados em: G1M (Grupo 1 Machos, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial > 3,4%, n= 11), G2M (Grupo 2 Machos, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial < 3,4%, n= 13), G1F (Grupo 1 Fêmeas, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial > 3,9%, n= 12) e G2F (Grupo 2 Fêmeas, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial < 3,9%, n= 11) e avaliados com medidas seriadas de ultrassom ajustadas a cada 56 dias. Para estimar as características de carcaça foram utilizados 21 machos castrados, avaliados por ultrassom 3 a 8 dias pré abate e posteriormente na carcaça com 48 horas de resfriamento. O grupo G2M apresentou maior deposição de gordura subcutânea por ultrassom (EGSUS) em seis períodos de avaliação quando comparado ao G1M, apresentando uma taxa de deposição de gordura subcutânea distinta entre grupos de 0.69mm/100 dias e 0.65mm/100 dias para o G2M e G1M, respectivamente. Somente foi possível evidenciar diferença significativa na primeira avaliação de percentagem de gordura intramuscular (PGIMUS) entre G1M e G2M, ambos apresentaram crescimento linear com taxa de aumento de 0.28%/100 dias, foi possível evidenciar que ocorreram aumentos acima de 0.1% da PGIMUS a partir dos 280 dias do período de avaliação, quando o ganho médio diário (GMD) de peso vivo ficou acima de 0.650 kg/dia. A taxa de desenvolvimento da área do músculo longissimus (AOLUS) foi distinta entre os grupos de fêmeas, aumentando 3.8 cm2/100 dias e 3.4 cm2/100 dias para o G1F e G2F, respectivamente. Ocorreram diferenças significativas na PGIMUS somente nas quatro primeiras avaliações entre G1F e G2F. A correlação entre a área do músculo longissimus medida na carcaça (AOLC) e por ultrassom (AOLUS) foi de 0.93, para espessura de gordura subcutânea medida na carcaça (EGSC) e por ultrassom (EGSUS) foi de 0.86. A PGIMUS a desmama não afetou o crescimento do tecido muscular nos machos e adiposo nas fêmeas. As características gordura subcutânea no sítio anatômico da costela nos machos e AOLUS nas fêmeas apresentaram crescimento distinto com relação à PGIMUS a desmama. A ultrassonografia é uma tecnologia que pode ser utilizada para estimar o desenvolvimento tecidual da gordura e músculo com medidas repetidas no tempo. O peso vivo e o GMD afetaram a alteração do tecido muscular e adiposo durante o crescimento.<br>Aiming to characterize the growth crossbred Wagyu x Angus, 24 steers and 23 heifers were separated in: G1M (Group 1 Males, with initial percentage of intramuscular fat > 3,4%, n= 11), G2M (Group 1 Males, with initial percentage of intramuscular fat < 3,4%, n= 13), G1F (Group 1 Females with initial percentage of intramuscular fat > 3,9%, n= 12) e G2F (Group 2 Females, with initial of intramuscular fat percentage < 3,9%, n= 11) and evaluated with serial ultrasound measurements fitted every 56 days. To estimate carcass traits were used 21 steers, assessed by ultrasound 3 to 8 days pre slaughter and afterwards in the carcass after 48 hours of cooling. The G2M group showed higher deposition of ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness (UFAT) in six periods of evaluation when compared to G1M, displaying a distinct subcutaneous fat deposition rate between groups of 0.69 mm/100 days and 0.65mm/100 days to G2M and G1M, respectively. Only possible to evidence a significant difference in the first evaluation of the ultrasound percentage of intramuscular fat (UPFAT) between G1M and G2M, both showed linear growth with an increase rate of 0.28%/100 days, it became clear that there were rises above 0.1% of UPFAT from 280 days of the evaluation period, when the average daily gain (ADG) of body weight was above 0.650 kg/day. The development rate of ultrasound longissimus muscle area (ULMA) was different between the groups of females, increasing 3.8 cm2/100 days and 3.4 cm2/100 days to the G1F and G2F, respectively. There were significant differences in the UPFAT in just the first four assessments between G1F and G2F. The corrections between carcass longissimus muscle area (CLMA) wit measured by ultrasound (ULMA) was 0.93 and carcass fat thickness (CFAT) whit fat thickness by ultrasound (UFAT) was 0.86. The UPFAT weaning did not affect the growth of muscle tissue in males and fat in females. Subcutaneous fat in the anatomical site of the rib in males and ULMA in females showed distinct growth compared to the UPFAT weaning. Ultrasonography is a technology that can be used to estimate the development of tissue fat and muscle with repeated measurements over time. The body weight and the ADG affected the change in muscle and adipose tissue during growth.
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Bello, Gabriela Brenner. "Avaliação da composição corporal pela bioimpedância e pelas dobras cutâneas em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 : um estudo de acurácia diagnóstica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106730.

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Introdução: A medida do percentual de gordura corporal (PGC) sofre a influência de diversos fatores (obesidade severa, acúmulo excessivo de gordura no abdomen, hidratação, etc), dependendo da técnica utilizada, podendo comprometer o desempenho das mesmas. Muitos destes fatores estão frequentemente presentes nos pacientes com DM tipo 2, o que torna essencial o estudo da acurácia destes métodos nesta população. Objetivo: Avaliar a Bioimpedância (BIA) e as Dobras Cutâneas (DC) como métodos de estimativa da gordura corporal em pacientes com DM tipo 2, comparando-os com a Absorciometria de Raios X de Dupla Energia (DXA), como método de referência. Métodos: Neste estudo de acurácia diagnóstica, os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação da composição corporal através da BIA (InBody 230, Biospace, Coréia), das DC (Lange, Fórmulas de Petroski e de Durnin) e da DXA (Lunar - iDXA). Para avaliação clínica foram analisados o controle metabólico (glicêmico e perfil lipídico) e pressórico e pesquisadas as complicações crônicas do DM. Resultados. Foram avaliados 133 pacientes (76 mulheres; idade: 63,6 ± 9,1 anos, duração do DM: 15,5 ± 10,3 anos; IMC: 29,2 ± 3,6), sendo que o PGC médio foi de 42,4 ± 4,8% nas mulheres e 31,1 ± 4,7% nos homens (p<0,001). A correlação do PGC estimado pela BIA e pelas DC com o estimado pela DXA foi, respectivamente r=0,93 (p<0,001) e r=0,81 (p<0,001). A BIA subestimou o PGC em 1,4 ± 3,2 (p<0,05) nas mulheres e 2,3 ± 3,3% (p<0,05) nos homens, quando comparada a DXA, sendo estas diferenças menos acentuadas nos pacientes com IMC≥ 30 kg/m2 (Gráficos de Bland-Altman). As DC subestimaram o PGC quando calculado com a Fórmula de Petroski, (3,7 ± 4,0% [p<0,05] nas mulheres e 1,55 ± 3,8% [p<0,05] nos homens) e superestimaram quando calculado com a Fórmula de Durnin ajustada para a idade, sendo que este ultimo apenas nas mulheres (1,8 ± 4,5% [p<0,05]). Na análise das curvas ROC, a área sob a curva da BIA foi 0,945 nas mulheres e 0,897 nos homens. Para as DC, utilizando as diferentes fórmulas, as áreas sob a curva variaram de 0,611 a 0,673 nas mulheres e foram 0,960 nos homens. Conclusão: Para a avaliação da composição corporal de pacientes com DM tipo 2, tanto a BIA como as DC (dependendo da fórmula) subestimam o PGC, comparados a DXA, mas em valores não clinicamente relevantes. A BIA apresentou uma boa acurácia em ambos sexos. Já a medida pelas DC mostrou acurácia semelhante, mas apenas nos homens.<br>Objective. To evaluate the performance of bioimpedance (BIA) and skinfold thickness as methods to estimate percentage body fat (PBF) in patients with Type 2 diabetes, comparing them to Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), as a reference standard. Research Design and Methods. In this study of diagnostic accuracy, the patients were submitted to evaluation of body composition with BIA (InBody 230, Biospace, Korea), skinfold thickness (Lange caliper) and DXA (Lunar - iDXA). PBF estimated by skinfold thickness was calculated with three equations: Petroski, Durnin & Womersley (DW) gender-adjusted and DW age-adjusted. Clinical evaluation consisted of the metabolic (glycemic and lipid profile) and blood pressure control, as well as the search for diabetic chronic complications. Results. One hundred and thirty-three patients were evaluated (76 women; age: 63.6 ± 9.1 years, duration of diabetes: 15.5 ± 10.3 years; body mass index [BMI]: 29.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2). PBF estimated by DXA was 42.4 ± 4.8% in women and 31.1 ± 4.7% in men (p<0.001). The correlation of the PBF estimated by BIA and by skinfold thickness with that estimated by DXA was, respectively, 0.93 (p<0.001) and 0.81 (p<0.001). BIA underestimated the PBF at 1.4 ± 3.2 (p<0.05) in women and 2.3 ± 3.3% (p<0.05) in men, compared to DXA, and these differences were less pronounced in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (Bland-Altman Plots). PBF calculated by Petroski’s equations was underestimated in 3.7 ± 4.0% [p<0,05] in women and 1.55 ± 3.8% [p<0.05] in men; and overestimated in 1.8 ± 4.5% [p<0.05] when calculated using DW equations age-adjusted only in women. The area under the ROC curves for BIA as a method to identify patients with increased PBF was 0.945 (p<0.001) in women and 0.897 (p<0.001) in men. The area under the ROC curves for skinfold thickness varied from 0.611 to 0.673 (all p>0.05) in women and was 0.960 (all P<0,05) in men. Conclusion. In patients with type 2 diabetes, both BIA and skinfold thickness underestimated PBF, when compared to DXA, at values that ranged from 1.4 to 2.3% and 1.5 to 4.5%, respectively. BIA was accurate in both sexes as a method to estimate PBF and to identify patients with increased PBF. On the other hand, PBF estimated by skinfold thickness was similarly accurate, but only in males.
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Martin, Mandee E. "COMPARISON OF QUICK METHODS FOR DETERMINING BODY COMPOSITION IN FEMALE COLLEGIATE ATHLETES AND OBESE FEMALES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/41.

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a tool used broadly by public health agencies to assess weight in populations. However, when differentiating between fat mass and fat free mass the formula (BMI = weight in kilograms/height in meters2) is not applicable. Research suggests that evaluating body fat percentage and adipose tissue deposition may provide a nuanced indication of overall health, making it more accurate on an individual basis. This study evaluated four methods (Body Mass Index, waist circumference, A Body Shape Index, and Waist to Stature Index) that assess body composition and their ability to predict body fat percentage in female collegiate athletes and overweight/obese females. The study also investigated if the CUN‐BAE formula could calculate body fat percentage accurately in comparison to air displacement plethysmography in both populations. The study found that the universality of these algorithms is uncertain in diverse populations and that the predictive power of anthropometric‐based formulas is inconsistent when considering body fat percentage.
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Pratt, Katherine Bishop. "The Effects of Resistance Training on Strength and Body Composition in Postpartum Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2316.

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The postpartum period represents a high-risk period for body weight retention and obesity. Several studies have investigated the role of aerobic exercise on postpartum weight retention and other body composition outcomes; however, there has been little attention given to resistance training in postpartum women. Thus, the purpose of this four-month randomized study was to determine the effectiveness of resistance training on strength, body composition, return to pre-pregnancy weight, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postpartum women. Sixty postpartum women were randomly assigned to either a resistance training group or a comparison group. The resistance training group participated in a progressive resistance training program twice weekly for four months. The comparison group participated in a flexibility program twice weekly for four months. Strength changes were assessed for the upper body (bench press), lower body (leg press), and the core (abdominal curl-ups). Body composition, including BMD, was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Over the four-month study, the resistance training group demonstrated a 36.7% increase in bench press, a 31.1% increase in leg press, and a 222.6% increase in abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). The flexibility group improved by 7.7% for bench press, 6.6% for leg press, and by 43.0% for abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). Group*period interactions were significant for the leg press, bench press, and abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). Both groups decreased in body weight, body fat percentage, and fat tissue (p < 0.05). Neither group significantly changed in lean tissue, whole body BMD, and hip BMD (p > 0.05). Group*period interactions were not significant for any body composition outcome (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a twice weekly resistance training program is superior to flexibility training to increase strength; however, resistance training may not be enough to influence body composition to a greater extent than flexibility training in postpartum women. More research is warranted.
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Books on the topic "Fat percentage"

1

Canada. Dairy and Cold Storage Branch., ed. Causes of variation in the percentage of fat in hand separator cream. Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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Dr. Bruce Lowell's fat percentage finder: The new, easy-to-use system for measuring the fat in your diet. Perigee Books, 1991.

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Sherbeeny, Samy Mohamed El. Validation of selected regression equations for predicting body density, body fat percentage, lean body weight, and body fat weight. 1985.

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Courcier, Lorraine. A study to investigate the relationship between percentage body fat and level of physical fitness within females. 2003.

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Press, Blue. My Fit Life: Simple Weight Loss Journal for Women - Record Calories and Exercise - Simple Weight Tracker with Body Fat Percentage. Independently Published, 2020.

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Pattern, Modern. Body Measurement Tracker: Fitness Measurement Tracker,Body Measurement Chart,Measure Body Fat Percentage,Body Measurements for Female and Male,Weight Measurement. Independently Published, 2020.

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Press, Blue. Feeling Better Already: Weight Loss Log Book - 1 Book 1 Year - Record Daily Calories and Exercise - Track Weekly Weight and Body Fat Percentage. Independently Published, 2020.

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The testing of milk, cream and dairy by-products by means of the Babcock test: Determination of the specific gravity of milk, the percentage of acid and casein in milk, adulteration of milk by skimming and watering, the percentage of water and salt in butter, the percentage of fat and water in cheese. Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Macronutrients and fibre requirements during pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0004.

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In this chapter, the impact of varying intakes of protein, carbohydrate and lipids, which are the key nutrients that contribute to calorie intake, is examined. Fibre is also an important food component that needs to be considered. The maternal macronutrient profile can influence embryonic and fetal development. For instance, both low and excessively high protein intakes during pregnancy are associated with restricted growth, increased adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. High-fat maternal diets can significantly increase the susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and percentage total body fat in offspring, although types of fats need to be considered, as intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids is important for fetal development. The type and content of carbohydrate (high- vs low-glycaemic sources) in the maternal diet influences blood glucose concentration, which has a direct effect on fetal glucose levels and metabolism.
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Clements, Rhonda L. The effectiveness of a performance-based treatment and a verbal discussion-based treatment on changes in body fat percentage, eating self-efficacy, and health skills self-efficacy of female participants. 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fat percentage"

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Kirar, Vishnu Pratap Singh, Kavita Burse, and Abhishek Burse. "BioBodyComp: A Machine Learning Approach for Estimation of Percentage Body Fat." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24352-3_19.

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Neves, E. B., E. Krueger, B. R. Rosário, M. C. N. Oliveira, S. Pol, and W. L. Ripka. "Fat Percentage Equation for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Novel Approach." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00846-2_30.

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Grace Hannah, J., and D. Gladis. "Corroborating the Veracity of Body Fat Percentage and Classification of Sarcopenia Using Island Differential Evolution Algorithm." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6202-0_22.

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Febriani, Wiwi, Ramadhana Komala, Dian Isti Angraini, Sofyan Musyabiq Wijaya, and Eka Putri Rahmadhani. "Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Body Fat Percentage as Predictors of Hemoglobin Status in Adolescents Girl." In Advances in Health Sciences Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-604-8_12.

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La Cruz, Alexandra, Erika Severeyn, Jesús Velásquez, Héctor Herrera, and Sara Wong. "Assessment of Anthropometric Measurements for Obesity and Abnormal Body Fat Percentage Diagnosis Using k-means as Clustering Technique." In Information and Communication Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62833-8_15.

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Lizana, Pablo A., Lydia Lera, and Cecilia Albala. "Obesity in Chilean Schoolchildren and the Importance of the Diagnostic Criteria: Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage, and Biotype." In Human Growth and Nutrition in Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27848-8_14.

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Putri, Sri Hapsari Suhartono, Ali Rosidi, Nur Azizah Maharani, Rr Annisa Ayuningtyas, Sufiati Bintanah, and Amaliya Widayanti. "Body Image, Energy Adequacy, Polyunsatyrated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Intake with Percentage of Body Fat In Overweight And Obesity Adolescent at SMA Institut Indonesia Semarang." In Advances in Health Sciences Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-550-8_18.

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Yang, Haoyun, Haibing Yin, and Xiaofeng Huang. "A Fast Zero-Quantized Percentage Model for Video Coding with RDO Quantization." In Advances in Multimedia Information Processing – PCM 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00764-5_70.

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Sariman, Hanifa, Zulkhairi Azam, Nadiah Diyana, et al. "Comparison of Body Fat Percentages and Power Among Male Boxers Based on Winner and Non-winner." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2015 (ICoSSEET 2015). Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-691-1_32.

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Fenwick, Alan, Wendie Norris, and Becky McCall. "Advocacy and promotion of SCI activity." In A tale of a man, a worm and a snail: the schistosomiasis control initiative. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392558.0013.

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Abstract Not all cases are extreme, but only a small percentage of the estimate 200 million people infected with schistosomiasis in Africa suffer this fate. Schistosomiasis eggs accumulate and damage organs slowly, day after day, without their function being impaired, up until it's too late. Usually, it is only then that symptoms become apparent and schistosomiasis is diagnosed. This book chapter focuses on campaigns focused on schistosomiasis control and prevention.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fat percentage"

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Qiu, Yuxuan. "Comparative Analysis of Predictive Models for Estimating Body Fat Percentage Using Three Models." In International Conference on Data Science and Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012866600004547.

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Mohmmad, Sallauddin, K. Sridhar, K. Sravani, Billakanti Srinivasa Rao, and Shabana Shabana. "Predictive Modeling of Body Fat Percentage Using Multivariate Anthropometric Measurements and Density Assessment." In 2024 4th International Conference on Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/aece62803.2024.10911251.

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de Almeida, Neusvaldo L., André Luiz Castro Bonfim, Zehbour Panossian, Gutemberg S. Pimenta, and Maria Elena Taqueda. "Biodiesel Corrosivity against Metallic Materials." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01269.

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Abstract Biodiesel production in Brazil is expected to increase significantly over the coming years as there is a government plan to increase the percentage of biodiesel in diesel. With the new Brazilian energy matrix, it becomes increasingly necessary to know the behavior of metallic materials used in transport and storage systems of new fuels, in particular, of biodiesel. The corrosivity of traditional fuels against the structural metallic materials is well known both in the pipeline and storage tank systems, which still does not occur with biodiesel. In this study, the corrosivity of biodiesel obtained from bovine fat, soybean and castor oil against carbon steel SAE 1020 and austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 was evaluated, through gravimetric corrosion tests at different temperatures, at three different moisture levels and in closed and open environments. Stainless steel was also studied after sensitization heat treatment to simulate possible changes in microstructure due to welding operations. As the number of variables involved in the study was very large, a statistical design of experiments was adopted which reduced by 50% the amount of tests. This paper describes the adopted test methodologies, the obtained results and the discussion of the influence of the tested variables on the corrosion processes. The corrosivity of the three types of biodiesel was also verified after aging for 60 days and 120 days. The results showed no significant change in the corrosivity of either biodiesel as a function of aging time. Testing was also performed according to the NACE TM 0172 standard test method which indicates a corrosion inhibition effect of biodiesel from castor beans.
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Littell, Justin, and Martin Annett. "The Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Test Device Response under Vertical Loading." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12738.

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During the winter of 2018, a series of vertical tests was conducted on three sizes of Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) for the evaluation of their vertical loading response. The three sizes of ATDs represented a 5th percentile female, a 50th percentile male, and a 95th percentile male. There were two variations of the 50th percentile male as defined in 49 CFR Part 572: a Hybrid II and an FAA Hybrid III. Tests were conducted on a drop tower located at NASA Langley Research Center's (LaRC) Landing and Impact Research (LandIR) Facility. The ATDs were seated on 14 CFR § 25.562 certified seats, in either a triple (window, middle and aisle) or a double (window and aisle) seat configuration, with seat leg spacing replicating a Fokker F28 MK-1000 aircraft. The seat and ATDs were attached to a drop plate on the tower, which was lifted to a height of 14 ft. The system was dropped onto different sections of crushable foam wedges to achieve multiple input deceleration environments. The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the differences in lumbar response, to examine scaling characteristics from sizing factors in the ATDs, and also to compare the results to computer simulation efforts. Results will be presented and comparisons will be discussed.
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Khaerunnisa, Syifa, Debby Endayani Safitri, and Leni Sri Rahayu. "Abnormal Menstrual Period of Hockey Athlete : Association with Body Fat Percentage and Dietary Fat Intake." In International Conference on Social Determinants of Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008380700610065.

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Chen, Xiaohui, Wenxuan Xie, and Shuyang Yu. "Body Fat Percentage Prediction Algorithm Based on PSO-ELM Model and BIA." In ICCDE 2020: 2020 The 6th International Conference on Computing and Data Engineering. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379247.3379287.

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Afriani, Anjani, Silvia Ginting, and Gustiana Anggita. "The Effect Of Aerobic Exercise On Body Weight and Body Fat Percentage." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sports, Health, and Physical Education, ISMINA 2021, 28-29 April 2021, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-4-2021.2312189.

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Tri Sambodo, Presto, Mr Suharjana, and Galih Yoga Santiko. "The Effect of Circuit Training on Aerobic Fitness and Body Fat Percentage." In Proceedings of the 2nd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS 2018) and 1st Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/yishpess-cois-18.2018.119.

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To, Masako, Yoshihito Arimoto, Natsue Honda, Kosuke Haruki, and Yasuo To. "Asthmatic patients with normal body mass index and high body fat percentage." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa419.

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Gopole, Khyle Matthew Pablo, Kyle Hanz Pagsanjan Andaya, and Noel Bautista Linsangan. "Microcontroller-based Automated Body Fat Percentage Calculating System Using U.S. Navy Method." In ICISS 2024: 2024 the 7th International Conference on Information Science and Systems. ACM, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3700706.3700736.

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Reports on the topic "Fat percentage"

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Newcom, D. W., Thomas J. Baas, Clint R. Schwab, and Kenneth J. Stalder. Relationship Between Backfat Depth and its Individual Layers and Intramuscular Fat Percentage in Swine. Iowa State University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-803.

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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, George Wiggans, and Paul VanRaden. A Systematic Genome Search for Genes Affecting Economic Traits Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695836.bard.

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The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.
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Schwab, Clint R., and Thomas J. Baas. Comparison of Serial Ultrasonic Measurements of Loin Muscle Area, Backfat, and Intramuscular Fat Percentage Between Pigs Sired by Boars from Two Different Time Periods. Iowa State University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-738.

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Chen, Guanhua, Xuan Zhang, Rui Wang, and Yonghua Chen. Impact of fatty pancreas on postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0068.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of fatty pancreas on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Condition being studied: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major complication and its most frequently reported risk factors tend to be anatomic features of the pancreatic remnant, such as a soft pancreatic texture. They hypothesized that fat infiltration intuitively increases the softness of the gland, and therefore, might be a risk factor of POPF development. Therefore, the percentage of fatty infiltration of the pancreas constituting a risk for POPF after PD still needs to be defined.
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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, and George Wiggans. Detection and Mapping of Genes Affecting Traits of Economic Importance in Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Molecular Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613024.bard.

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Forty-seven poly-TG microsatellites were developed at the U of IL, and 11 genetic markers were developed at ARO, nine of which were poly-AGC microsatellites. Markers were typed on the reference families of CSIRO, Australia; GRANADA, Texas; and IRRF, Illinois, for chromosome assignment and linkage mapping. Nine North American al organizations contributed semen to the Dairy Bull DNA Repository (DBDR), which currently has 65,743 units from 3366 bulls. Semen was obtained for 31 out of 35 grandsires. Semen of 28 and 23 sons of two Israeli bulls was also collected. Eighteen grandsires were genotyped for 75 microsatellites. One thousand, three hundred and sixty-two sons with evaluation from 17 families were genotyped for 24 markers. Eleven thousand, six hundred and twenty sons genotypes were determined, of which 8,802 were informative. The genotype data was matched to the bulls' daughter yield deviations (DYD) for seven traits; milk, fat, and protein production; fat and protein percent; somatic cell concentration (SCS); and productive herd life. Seven loci had significant effects at p&lt;0.05, but only two loci, TGLA263 and MGTG7, had significant effects at p&lt;0.01, and the effect of TGLA263 on fat percentage was significant at p&lt;0.0001. There was at least one significant effect for each of the seven traits analyzed.
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Erdman, Richard, Geoffrey Dahl, Hanina Barash, Israel Bruckental, Avi Shamay, and Anthony Capuco. Management Strategies to Maximize Skeletal Growth Rate in Dairy Heifers. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695848.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and added dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on organ and tissue weights and body composition in growing dairy heifers. A total of 32 Holstein heifers, 3 months of age at the beginning of the study were used in the experiment. Eight heifers were slaughtered at 3 mo of age to determine pre- treatment body composition. The remaining heifers were randomly assigned to treatments (n=6) consisting of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP (dry matter basis) applied in a 2X2 factorial design. A total of six heifers per treatment group (3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age), were slaughtered to determine body composition an organ masses. There was a trend for increased live and empty body weights (EB:W), carcass and non-carcass components for heifers treated with bST or fed RUP. Added RUP increased rumen and reticulum weights whereas administration of bST tended to increase the weights of small and large intestine at 10 months of age by 22 % and 26%, respectively. Spleen, heart, and kidney weights at 10 months of age were increased 36%, 28% and 23% for bST treatments respectively, compared with controls. Rates of ash and protein deposition between 3 and 10 months of age were increased by bST by 7.2 g/d and 28.9 g/d, respectively, while no treatment differences were observed for rates of fat and energy deposition. Bovine somatotropin significantly altered the metabolism of growing heifers in a manner that led to increased protein and ash deposition, and tended to reduce fat percentage, and there was a similar tendency observed with added RUP. This suggests that nutritional and endocrine manipulations could increase growth rates of skeletal and lean tissues without increasing fat deposition in prepubertal dairy heifers.
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Mailer, Rodney, and STEFAN GAFNER. Olive Oil Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/evfu8793.

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Extra virgin olive oil is often described as the healthiest of all commercially available edible oils. Olive oil has a high percentage of monounsaturated fat and because it is generally consumed in the unrefined (virgin) crude state, the oil contains natural compounds which would otherwise be removed in refining. The high value of the virgin oil compared to refined seed oils make it highly susceptible to adulteration. This laboratory guidance document provides a review of (1) analytical methods used to determine whether olive products have been adulterated and, if so, (2) methods to identify the adulterants. As olive oil is frequently diluted with undeclared refined olive oil or degraded virgin olive oil, methods have been established to determine the quality of the oil’s freshness and compliance with international standards. Adulteration has also been observed in various vegetable oils including canola (Brassica napus, Brassicaceae), sunflower (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae), and other oils. This document should be viewed in conjunction with the corresponding Botanical Adulterants Prevention Bulletin on olive oil published by the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program.
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8

Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu, and George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.

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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of &lt;10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination &gt;40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.
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9

Shah, Nimit, Cheryl Fryar, Namanjeet Ahluwalia, and Lara Akinbami. Fast Food Intake Among Adults in the United States, August 2021–August 2023. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S., 2025. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/174606.

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10

Ulloa, Alfie, and Rodrigo Wagner. Why don't All Exporters Benefit from Free Trade Agreements?: Estimating Utilization Costs. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011503.

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Free Trade Agreements (FTA) attract significant interest, but after these treaties are signed not all exporters use them. We provide a model of heterogeneous utilization, also developing a novel method to estimate treaty-utilization costs. We later apply the model to estimate the evolution utilization costs for the FTA between the US and a small open economy, Chile. Consistent with other studies, we find that utilization is indeed partial (on average 67% on the first year of the treaty, with 10 percentage points more at the third year). This made tariff revenues to the US 10% higher than expected with full utilization. Our simple structural model identifies costs by exploiting the indifference condition for the smallest firm that uses the treaty. Empirically we find that estimated costs were very heterogeneous across products. For almost half the products the cost was not binding for any exporter. However, when the FTA started, the 75-th percentile of utilization cost was around US$3,000, requiring shipments above $80,000 to justify using the treaty. These costs decreased by 60-80% in the following years, consistent with models of learning about treaty use. As remarked in our model, small exporters that do not use the trade agreement could even suffer when large firms have the option of using the treaty, since the latter increase exports and may push up factor prices for the industry.
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