To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fat percentage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fat percentage'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Fat percentage.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nowak, Kathryn M. "A comparison of body fat percentage estimates between duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1315175.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of body fat percentage is desirable to identify health risks associated with obesity. There are few studies that have compared the assessment of body fat between air displacement plethysmography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, particularly related to age and gender differences. The purpose of this study was to determine if body fat percent estimates differ depending on age and/or gender between air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod, Life Measurements Instrument, Concord, CA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, General Electric Medical Systems, Lunar Prodigy, Madison, WI). Sixty subjects were studied: 15 men and 15 women, 22-35 years and 15 men and 15 women, 55-80 years. Subjects were excluded if they competed in athletics or high-level exercise training in the last year. Standard calibration and testing procedures were used for both methods. Both methods were administered at least twice to evaluate reliability and were repeated a third time if the first two measures differed by >2%. Differences between methods for age groups and gender were analyzed using ANOVA and reliability comparisons between the body composition methods were evaluated with correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Using data for all subjects, DEXA (r = .996) and Bod Pod (r = .985) both showed good reliability. However, in younger females the reliability of the Bod Pod (r = .911) was lower. Sixteen of the 60 subjects required a third trial for the Bod Pod, whereas all repeated DEXA measures were consistent. The deviation between trial 1 and 2 for the DEXA (.6%) was significantly less than that in the Bod Pod (1.5%). Significant interactions between the body composition method and age group were found. Mean body fat percentage in the younger group was higher in the DEXA (24.1 + 1.1%) than the Bod Pod (23.0 + 1.3%) however, in the older group it was found to be lower in the DEXA (33.9 ± 1.1%) than the Bod Pod (37.2 ± 1.3%). Both the DEXA and the Bod Pod were reliable but repeated DEXA measures were more consistent than the Bod Pod measures. Bod Pod estimates of body fat percentage were lower for younger subjects, yet higher for older subjects compared to DEXA measurements.<br>School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
2
Russell, Kenric Lloyd. "Physical Activity and C-reactive Protein Levels: The Confounding Role of Body Fat Percentage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1255.pdf.
Full text
3
Lorenzo, Lauren L. "The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Restrictive Diets And Body Fat Percentage in the Female Athlete." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/13.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To assess the dietary intake and body composition of recreational and competitive female athletes, for the purpose of analyzing the relationships between macronutrient intake and body composition.. The main aim was to determine the relationship between caloric intake, carbohydrate (CHO) intake and protein intake with body fat percentage in active females. Methods: Using an IRB approved protocol, 44 volunteer female recreational and competitive athletes 18 years of age or older were recruited. Interviews were conducted to gather information on within day energy balance by assessing the time and amount of foods/beverages consumed, and the duration and intensity (using a Rating of Perceived Exertion scale) of activity performed on the day of assessment. All analyses were performed using Nutritiming™ (Calorie and Pulse Technologies, Atlanta, GA) to assess energy surpluses, energy deficits, and end of day energy balance. Information on date of birth, race/ethnicity, menstrual status, sleep and wake times, and prior diagnoses of metabolic disease and/or eating disorders were collected at the time of the interview. Height was assessed using a standard stadiometer. Weight and body composition were assessed via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using InBody 230 (BioSpace Co. USA). The BIA assessment was performed to determine body fat percentage, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Body Mass Index (BMI), segmental body composition, and fat and lean mass in kilograms. Nutrient data were derived using an interviewer-led, 24-hour recall. Results: CHO intake/kg total mass was significantly and inversely correlated with body fat percentage and BMI, (p=0.018 and p=0.001 respectively). Protein intake/kg total mass was also inversely and significantly correlated with body fat percentage (p=0.006). Fat intake was not significantly associated with BMI, body fat percent, or lean mass in kilograms. Total energy intake/kg total mass was inversely associated with BMI (p=0.001), with fat mass (p=0.001), and with body fat percentage, (p=0.001). CHO intake/kg total mass was positively associated with the total number of hours spent in an anabolic (i.e., EB>0) state (p=0.001), and was inversely associated with the total number of hours spent in a catabolic (i.e., EB < 0) state (p=0.001). CHO intake/kg total mass was the only substrate to be significantly correlated with the number of hours spent ± 400 kcal EB over a 24 hour period (p=0.001). Z-scores were created to establish categories of body composition and energy balance values. Utilizing Chi-Square tests, it was determined that more hours spent in an energy surplus (> 400kcal) was associated with higher body fat percent (p=0.042). Conclusions: CHO restriction, whether done intentionally or as a function of an energy restrictive intake, was commonly observed in this subject pool. Of the females surveyed, 79% did not meet their daily energy needs and, on average, consumed 49% of the recommended daily intake of CHO established for active people. The findings that subjects with lower CHO intakes had higher body fat levels, and that CHO was associated with improved maintenance of energy balance, which was also associated with lower body fat percent, suggest that physically active women should not restrict CHO to achieve a desired body composition. It was also observed that end-of-day energy balance was not associated with either energy substrate consumption or body composition.
4
Niemann, McKayla Jean. "Strength Training and Insulin Resistance: The Mediating Role of Body Composition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9071.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to assess the association between varying amounts of strength training and insulin resistance. Another goal was to assess the influence of several potential confounding variables on the strength training and insulin resistance relationship. Lastly, the role of waist circumference, fat free mass, and body fat percentage on the association between strength training and insulin resistance was assessed. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 6561 randomly selected men and women in the US. Data were collected using the precise protocol established by NHANES. HOMA-IR was used as the outcome variable. Both time spent strength training and frequency of strength training bouts were used as exposure variables. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant relationship between strength training and insulin resistance in women. However, after controlling for 10 potential confounding variables, men who reported no strength training had significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR compared to men who reported moderate or high levels of strength training (F = 9.87, P < 0.0001). Odds ratios were also assessed, and 10 potential confounding variables were controlled. Men reporting no strength training had 2.42 times the odds of having insulin resistance compared to men reporting moderate levels of strength training (95% CI: 1.19 to 4.93). Similarly, men reporting no strength training had 2.50 times the odds of having insulin resistance compared to men reporting high levels of strength training (95% CI: 1.25 to 5.00). CONCLUSION: There was a strong relationship between strength training and insulin resistance in US men, but not in US women. Differences in waist circumference, fat free mass, and body fat percentage, as well as demographic and lifestyle measures, do not appear to mediate the relationship.
5
Botha, Tershia. "The relationship between exercise, amenorrhoea, percentage body fat and disordered eating among adolescent female runners / T. Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2095.
Full text
6
Martinez, Keilah Elizabeth. "Association Between Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance Among U.S. Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6416.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to expand the evaluation of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and its association with insulin resistance using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. A cross-sectional study including 5,983 subjects was conducted. Body fat percentage was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Expanded Normal Weight Obesity (eNWO) categories (pairings of BMI and body fat percentage classifications) were determined by standard cut-points for BMI and the gender specific median for body fat percentage. Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were used to index insulin resistance. Mean ± SE values were as follows: BMI: 27.9 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.1 (men); body fat percentage: 40.5 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.2 (men); HOMA-IR: 2.04 ± 0.05 (women) 2.47 ± 0.09 (men). HOMA-IR differed systematically and in a dose-response fashion across all levels of the eNWO categories (F = 291.3, P < 0.0001). As BMI levels increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly and within each BMI category, higher levels of body fat were associated significantly with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Both high BMI and high body fat percentage are strongly related to insulin resistance. In this study, insulin resistance increased incrementally according to BMI levels primarily and body fat levels secondarily. Consequently, due to the costs associated with precisely measuring body fat, and the accuracy of using BMI independently, we recommend that BMI be used in its standard form to predict insulin resistance and not be supplemented with an estimate of body fat.
7
Pivato, Mateus. "Caracterização do crescimento e da composição corporal de animais Wagyu x Angus durante as fases de recria e terminação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129451.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento de animais cruza Wagyu x Angus, 24 machos castrados e 23 fêmeas foram separados em: G1M (Grupo 1 Machos, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial > 3,4%, n= 11), G2M (Grupo 2 Machos, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial < 3,4%, n= 13), G1F (Grupo 1 Fêmeas, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial > 3,9%, n= 12) e G2F (Grupo 2 Fêmeas, com percentagem de gordura intramuscular inicial < 3,9%, n= 11) e avaliados com medidas seriadas de ultrassom ajustadas a cada 56 dias. Para estimar as características de carcaça foram utilizados 21 machos castrados, avaliados por ultrassom 3 a 8 dias pré abate e posteriormente na carcaça com 48 horas de resfriamento. O grupo G2M apresentou maior deposição de gordura subcutânea por ultrassom (EGSUS) em seis períodos de avaliação quando comparado ao G1M, apresentando uma taxa de deposição de gordura subcutânea distinta entre grupos de 0.69mm/100 dias e 0.65mm/100 dias para o G2M e G1M, respectivamente. Somente foi possível evidenciar diferença significativa na primeira avaliação de percentagem de gordura intramuscular (PGIMUS) entre G1M e G2M, ambos apresentaram crescimento linear com taxa de aumento de 0.28%/100 dias, foi possível evidenciar que ocorreram aumentos acima de 0.1% da PGIMUS a partir dos 280 dias do período de avaliação, quando o ganho médio diário (GMD) de peso vivo ficou acima de 0.650 kg/dia. A taxa de desenvolvimento da área do músculo longissimus (AOLUS) foi distinta entre os grupos de fêmeas, aumentando 3.8 cm2/100 dias e 3.4 cm2/100 dias para o G1F e G2F, respectivamente. Ocorreram diferenças significativas na PGIMUS somente nas quatro primeiras avaliações entre G1F e G2F. A correlação entre a área do músculo longissimus medida na carcaça (AOLC) e por ultrassom (AOLUS) foi de 0.93, para espessura de gordura subcutânea medida na carcaça (EGSC) e por ultrassom (EGSUS) foi de 0.86. A PGIMUS a desmama não afetou o crescimento do tecido muscular nos machos e adiposo nas fêmeas. As características gordura subcutânea no sítio anatômico da costela nos machos e AOLUS nas fêmeas apresentaram crescimento distinto com relação à PGIMUS a desmama. A ultrassonografia é uma tecnologia que pode ser utilizada para estimar o desenvolvimento tecidual da gordura e músculo com medidas repetidas no tempo. O peso vivo e o GMD afetaram a alteração do tecido muscular e adiposo durante o crescimento.<br>Aiming to characterize the growth crossbred Wagyu x Angus, 24 steers and 23 heifers were separated in: G1M (Group 1 Males, with initial percentage of intramuscular fat > 3,4%, n= 11), G2M (Group 1 Males, with initial percentage of intramuscular fat < 3,4%, n= 13), G1F (Group 1 Females with initial percentage of intramuscular fat > 3,9%, n= 12) e G2F (Group 2 Females, with initial of intramuscular fat percentage < 3,9%, n= 11) and evaluated with serial ultrasound measurements fitted every 56 days. To estimate carcass traits were used 21 steers, assessed by ultrasound 3 to 8 days pre slaughter and afterwards in the carcass after 48 hours of cooling. The G2M group showed higher deposition of ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness (UFAT) in six periods of evaluation when compared to G1M, displaying a distinct subcutaneous fat deposition rate between groups of 0.69 mm/100 days and 0.65mm/100 days to G2M and G1M, respectively. Only possible to evidence a significant difference in the first evaluation of the ultrasound percentage of intramuscular fat (UPFAT) between G1M and G2M, both showed linear growth with an increase rate of 0.28%/100 days, it became clear that there were rises above 0.1% of UPFAT from 280 days of the evaluation period, when the average daily gain (ADG) of body weight was above 0.650 kg/day. The development rate of ultrasound longissimus muscle area (ULMA) was different between the groups of females, increasing 3.8 cm2/100 days and 3.4 cm2/100 days to the G1F and G2F, respectively. There were significant differences in the UPFAT in just the first four assessments between G1F and G2F. The corrections between carcass longissimus muscle area (CLMA) wit measured by ultrasound (ULMA) was 0.93 and carcass fat thickness (CFAT) whit fat thickness by ultrasound (UFAT) was 0.86. The UPFAT weaning did not affect the growth of muscle tissue in males and fat in females. Subcutaneous fat in the anatomical site of the rib in males and ULMA in females showed distinct growth compared to the UPFAT weaning. Ultrasonography is a technology that can be used to estimate the development of tissue fat and muscle with repeated measurements over time. The body weight and the ADG affected the change in muscle and adipose tissue during growth.
8
Bello, Gabriela Brenner. "Avaliação da composição corporal pela bioimpedância e pelas dobras cutâneas em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 : um estudo de acurácia diagnóstica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106730.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A medida do percentual de gordura corporal (PGC) sofre a influência de diversos fatores (obesidade severa, acúmulo excessivo de gordura no abdomen, hidratação, etc), dependendo da técnica utilizada, podendo comprometer o desempenho das mesmas. Muitos destes fatores estão frequentemente presentes nos pacientes com DM tipo 2, o que torna essencial o estudo da acurácia destes métodos nesta população. Objetivo: Avaliar a Bioimpedância (BIA) e as Dobras Cutâneas (DC) como métodos de estimativa da gordura corporal em pacientes com DM tipo 2, comparando-os com a Absorciometria de Raios X de Dupla Energia (DXA), como método de referência. Métodos: Neste estudo de acurácia diagnóstica, os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação da composição corporal através da BIA (InBody 230, Biospace, Coréia), das DC (Lange, Fórmulas de Petroski e de Durnin) e da DXA (Lunar - iDXA). Para avaliação clínica foram analisados o controle metabólico (glicêmico e perfil lipídico) e pressórico e pesquisadas as complicações crônicas do DM. Resultados. Foram avaliados 133 pacientes (76 mulheres; idade: 63,6 ± 9,1 anos, duração do DM: 15,5 ± 10,3 anos; IMC: 29,2 ± 3,6), sendo que o PGC médio foi de 42,4 ± 4,8% nas mulheres e 31,1 ± 4,7% nos homens (p<0,001). A correlação do PGC estimado pela BIA e pelas DC com o estimado pela DXA foi, respectivamente r=0,93 (p<0,001) e r=0,81 (p<0,001). A BIA subestimou o PGC em 1,4 ± 3,2 (p<0,05) nas mulheres e 2,3 ± 3,3% (p<0,05) nos homens, quando comparada a DXA, sendo estas diferenças menos acentuadas nos pacientes com IMC≥ 30 kg/m2 (Gráficos de Bland-Altman). As DC subestimaram o PGC quando calculado com a Fórmula de Petroski, (3,7 ± 4,0% [p<0,05] nas mulheres e 1,55 ± 3,8% [p<0,05] nos homens) e superestimaram quando calculado com a Fórmula de Durnin ajustada para a idade, sendo que este ultimo apenas nas mulheres (1,8 ± 4,5% [p<0,05]). Na análise das curvas ROC, a área sob a curva da BIA foi 0,945 nas mulheres e 0,897 nos homens. Para as DC, utilizando as diferentes fórmulas, as áreas sob a curva variaram de 0,611 a 0,673 nas mulheres e foram 0,960 nos homens. Conclusão: Para a avaliação da composição corporal de pacientes com DM tipo 2, tanto a BIA como as DC (dependendo da fórmula) subestimam o PGC, comparados a DXA, mas em valores não clinicamente relevantes. A BIA apresentou uma boa acurácia em ambos sexos. Já a medida pelas DC mostrou acurácia semelhante, mas apenas nos homens.<br>Objective. To evaluate the performance of bioimpedance (BIA) and skinfold thickness as methods to estimate percentage body fat (PBF) in patients with Type 2 diabetes, comparing them to Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), as a reference standard. Research Design and Methods. In this study of diagnostic accuracy, the patients were submitted to evaluation of body composition with BIA (InBody 230, Biospace, Korea), skinfold thickness (Lange caliper) and DXA (Lunar - iDXA). PBF estimated by skinfold thickness was calculated with three equations: Petroski, Durnin & Womersley (DW) gender-adjusted and DW age-adjusted. Clinical evaluation consisted of the metabolic (glycemic and lipid profile) and blood pressure control, as well as the search for diabetic chronic complications. Results. One hundred and thirty-three patients were evaluated (76 women; age: 63.6 ± 9.1 years, duration of diabetes: 15.5 ± 10.3 years; body mass index [BMI]: 29.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2). PBF estimated by DXA was 42.4 ± 4.8% in women and 31.1 ± 4.7% in men (p<0.001). The correlation of the PBF estimated by BIA and by skinfold thickness with that estimated by DXA was, respectively, 0.93 (p<0.001) and 0.81 (p<0.001). BIA underestimated the PBF at 1.4 ± 3.2 (p<0.05) in women and 2.3 ± 3.3% (p<0.05) in men, compared to DXA, and these differences were less pronounced in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (Bland-Altman Plots). PBF calculated by Petroski’s equations was underestimated in 3.7 ± 4.0% [p<0,05] in women and 1.55 ± 3.8% [p<0.05] in men; and overestimated in 1.8 ± 4.5% [p<0.05] when calculated using DW equations age-adjusted only in women. The area under the ROC curves for BIA as a method to identify patients with increased PBF was 0.945 (p<0.001) in women and 0.897 (p<0.001) in men. The area under the ROC curves for skinfold thickness varied from 0.611 to 0.673 (all p>0.05) in women and was 0.960 (all P<0,05) in men. Conclusion. In patients with type 2 diabetes, both BIA and skinfold thickness underestimated PBF, when compared to DXA, at values that ranged from 1.4 to 2.3% and 1.5 to 4.5%, respectively. BIA was accurate in both sexes as a method to estimate PBF and to identify patients with increased PBF. On the other hand, PBF estimated by skinfold thickness was similarly accurate, but only in males.
9
Martin, Mandee E. "COMPARISON OF QUICK METHODS FOR DETERMINING BODY COMPOSITION IN FEMALE COLLEGIATE ATHLETES AND OBESE FEMALES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/41.
Full textAbstract:
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a tool used broadly by public health agencies to assess weight in populations. However, when differentiating between fat mass and fat free mass the formula (BMI = weight in kilograms/height in meters2) is not applicable. Research suggests that evaluating body fat percentage and adipose tissue deposition may provide a nuanced indication of overall health, making it more accurate on an individual basis. This study evaluated four methods (Body Mass Index, waist circumference, A Body Shape Index, and Waist to Stature Index) that assess body composition and their ability to predict body fat percentage in female collegiate athletes and overweight/obese females. The study also investigated if the CUN‐BAE formula could calculate body fat percentage accurately in comparison to air displacement plethysmography in both populations. The study found that the universality of these algorithms is uncertain in diverse populations and that the predictive power of anthropometric‐based formulas is inconsistent when considering body fat percentage.
10
Pratt, Katherine Bishop. "The Effects of Resistance Training on Strength and Body Composition in Postpartum Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2316.
Full textAbstract:
The postpartum period represents a high-risk period for body weight retention and obesity. Several studies have investigated the role of aerobic exercise on postpartum weight retention and other body composition outcomes; however, there has been little attention given to resistance training in postpartum women. Thus, the purpose of this four-month randomized study was to determine the effectiveness of resistance training on strength, body composition, return to pre-pregnancy weight, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postpartum women. Sixty postpartum women were randomly assigned to either a resistance training group or a comparison group. The resistance training group participated in a progressive resistance training program twice weekly for four months. The comparison group participated in a flexibility program twice weekly for four months. Strength changes were assessed for the upper body (bench press), lower body (leg press), and the core (abdominal curl-ups). Body composition, including BMD, was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Over the four-month study, the resistance training group demonstrated a 36.7% increase in bench press, a 31.1% increase in leg press, and a 222.6% increase in abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). The flexibility group improved by 7.7% for bench press, 6.6% for leg press, and by 43.0% for abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). Group*period interactions were significant for the leg press, bench press, and abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). Both groups decreased in body weight, body fat percentage, and fat tissue (p < 0.05). Neither group significantly changed in lean tissue, whole body BMD, and hip BMD (p > 0.05). Group*period interactions were not significant for any body composition outcome (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a twice weekly resistance training program is superior to flexibility training to increase strength; however, resistance training may not be enough to influence body composition to a greater extent than flexibility training in postpartum women. More research is warranted.
11
Takehara, Julio Cesar. "Perfil dermatoglífico, somatotípico e fisiológico de atletas de elite do rafting." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8551.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-20T12:23:38Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
TeseJCT.pdf: 2493056 bytes, checksum: 537602876ad159bcf7f8a05223462022 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-03-09T18:18:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
TeseJCT.pdf: 2493056 bytes, checksum: 537602876ad159bcf7f8a05223462022 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-03-09T18:18:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
TeseJCT.pdf: 2493056 bytes, checksum: 537602876ad159bcf7f8a05223462022 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T18:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
TeseJCT.pdf: 2493056 bytes, checksum: 537602876ad159bcf7f8a05223462022 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-12-14<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>Rafting is a modality that is summed up in the descent of rivers in inflatable boats, in which the members of the boat paddle under the command of an instructor responsible for the orientation of the group during the course, in leisure and tourism activities. However, when it comes to competition, rafting can be practiced by female
or male teams, with an initial age of 15 years, in competitions held in three days of events, and in R6 and R4 modalities. The objective of this research was to identify the dermatoglyphic profile, the body composition, the somatotype, the motor tests, the lipid profile, the glycemic and the ergospirometry profile of the elite rafting
athletes. Participants were seven male athletes with 21.5 ± 0.5 years, of the sub-23 category. Dermatoglyphic characteristics were evaluated by computerized scanning, body composition by Bio impedance InBody 720, and somatotropy by anthropometric measurements. The motor tests were abdominal, arm support, vertical thrust,
Shuttle-run test and aerobic power by ergospirometry in adapted ergometer rowing.
The normality test of Shapiro Wilk was used, after applying the Pearson correlation coefficient for the variables, considering a significant value of p <0.05. The athletes presented in the fingerprints 9% of arches, 19% of whorls and 72% of loops, still an average of 112.7 ± 29.9 LQTS and 10.7 ± 2.1 D10; Mean body mass of 72.3 ± 6.9
kg; Height 174.8 ± 7.2 cm; BMI 23.7 ± 1.7 kg/m2, endomorph components 2.6 ± 0.8, mesomorph 5.4 ± 1.3, ectomorph 2.2 ± 0.9, percentage of fat 10.0 ± 4.8 %, Fat mass 7.4 ± 4.1 kg, lean mass 64.9 ± 5.4 kg and skeletal muscle mass 35.5 ± 3.0 kg. The mean load for ergospirometry was 100.0 ± 17.9 W and the maximum oxygen
consumption of 66.2 0.8 ml.kg-1.min-1, the production of carbon dioxide 79.6 ± 1, 5
ml.kg-1.min-1, the maximum ventilation 96.9 ± 2.2 l.min-1 respiratory quotient at the time of fatigue 1.2 ± 0.0 and the maximum heart rate 198.5 ± 05 bpm. Blood glucose was 83.7 ± 6.5 mg/dl, cholesterol 169.0 ± 32.7 mg/dl, triglycerides 71.0 ± 15.3 mg/dl and creatinine 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/dl. In the abdominal test 57.0 ± 12.7 repetitions, in the arm support 59.7 ± 13.7 repetitions, in the vertical impulse 51.2 ± 8.6 cm, in the agility 11.5 ± 1.1 seconds. There were strong positive correlations (r> 0.75) for the
variables VO2max and VO2max, clamp and MME, veticilo and age, veticilo and VO2max, D10 and age, D10 and MME, SQTL and age. And strong negative correlations (r> -0.75) between the whorl and endomorph component and D10 and endomorph component. It is concluded that the identification of dermatoglyphic profile, body composition, somatotípia, biochemical, motor tests and ergo-spirometry of athletes of high-performance rafting can be applied directly in the orientation of the training strategies, of the various physical qualities involved in this sport, As an auxiliary measure to physical training. This statement is based on the results presented here that reflect the profile of the high performance in the modality, and which, in turn, suggest the predisposition of a subject to said sport.<br>O Rafting é uma modalidade que se resume na descida de rios em botes infláveis, na qual os integrantes da embarcação remam sob o comando de um instrutor responsável pela orientação do grupo durante o percurso, em atividades de lazer e turismo. Porém, quando se trata de competição, o Rafting pode ser praticado por equipes feminina ou masculina, com faixa etária inicial de 15 anos, em competições
realizadas em três dias de provas, e nas modalidades R6, e R4. O objetivo desta
pesquisa foi identificar o perfil dermatoglífico, a composição corporal, o somatotípico,
os testes motores, o perfil lipídico, a glicemia e o perfil ergoespirométrico dos atletas de elite do Rafting. Participaram sete atletas do gênero masculino com 21,5±0,5 anos, da categoria sub-23. Foram avaliadas as características dermatoglíficas por escaneamento informatizado, a composição corporal por bioimpedância InBody 720, a somatotípia por medidas antropométricas. Os testes motores foram abdominal, apoio de braço, impulsão vertical, teste de Shuttle-run e a potencia aeróbia por ergoespirometria em remo ergômetro adaptado. Utilizou-se o teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk, após aplicou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para as
variáveis, considerando um valor significativo de p<0,05. Os atletas apresentaram nos desenhos das impressões digitais 9% de arcos, 19% de verticilos e 72% de presilhas, ainda uma média de 112,7±29,9 SQTL e 10,7±2,1 D10; média de massa corporal de 72,3±6,9 kg; estatura 174,8±7,2 cm; IMC 23,7±1,7 kg/m2, componentes endomorfo 2,6±0,8, mesomorfo 5,4±1,3, ectomorfo 2,2±0,9, percentual de gordura 10,0±4,8%, massa gorda 7,4±4,1 kg, massa magra 64,9±5,4 kg e massa muscular
esquelética 35,5±3,0 kg. A carga média para ergoespirometria foi de 100,0±17,9 W e
o consumo máximo de oxigênio de 66,2 0,8 ml.kg-1.min-1, a produção de dióxido de
carbono 79,6±1,5 ml.kg-1.min-1, a ventilação máxima 96,9±2,2 l.min-1 o quociente
respiratório no momento da fadiga 1,2±0,0 e a frequência cardíaca máxima 198,5±05
bpm. A glicemia 83,7±6,5 mg/dl, o colesterol 169,0±32,7 mg/dl, o triglicérides 71,0±15,3 mg/dl e a creatinina 1,0±0,1 mg/dl. No teste de abdominal 57,0±12,7 repetições, no de apoio de braço 59,7±13,7 repetições, na impulsão vertical 51,2±8,6 cm, no de agilidade 11,5±1,1 segundos. Foram encontradas fortes correlações
positivas (r > 0,75) para as variáveis presilha e VO2máx, presilha e MME, veticilo e idade, veticilo e VO2máx, D10 e idade, D10 e MME, SQTL e idade. E fortes correlações negativas (r > -0,75) entre às variáveis verticilo e componente
endomorfo e D10 e componente endomorfo. Conclui-se que a identificação do perfil
dermatoglífico, composição corporal, somatotípia, bioquímico, dos testes motores e
da ergoespirometria de atletas do rafting de alto rendimento, pode ser aplicado diretamente na orientação das estratégias de treinamento, das diversas qualidades físicas envolvidas neste esporte, como medida auxiliar ao treinamento físico. Tal afirmativa tem sua base nos resultados aqui apresentados que refletem o perfil do
alto rendimento na modalidade, e que, por sua vez, sugerem a predisposição de um sujeito ao referido esporte.
12
LeBlanc, Jean-Luc. "A relationship between percentage of body fat, exercise and fine motor performance as evaluated on a step-input subject-paced pursuit tracking task." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5356.
Full text
13
Forsyth, Ashley T. "Effects of Fat-Free and 2% Chocolate Milk on Strength and Body Composition Following Resistance Training." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1633.
Full textAbstract:
Nutrition and recovery go hand in hand. After a resistance training workout, it is extremely important for athletes to rebuild and refuel their bodies with the proper nourishment to obtain maximal results. In doing so, they consume different recovery aids or ergogenic aids for gains in muscle mass, an aid in hydration, and a speedy recovery. Ergogenic aids can include many things (i.e., improved equipment, training program), but one of the most popular types of ergogenic aids is nutritional supplements such as protein, carbohydrates, creatine, and vitamins. A nutritional supplement that has recently grown in popularity is chocolate milk. Currently, no studies exist comparing the effects of fat-free chocolate milk and 2% chocolate milk on muscular strength and body composition in collegiate softball players. The purpose of this study will be to determine the effects of fat-free and 2% chocolate milk ingestion on body composition and muscular strength following eight weeks of resistance training. In a randomized (matched according to strength and bodyweight), double blind experimental design, 18 female, collegiate softball players (18.5 +_ .7 yrs; 65.7 +_ 1.8 inches; 156.2 +_ 21.6 lbs) ingested either fat-free chocolate milk or 2% chocolate milk immediately after resistance exercise workouts for an 8-week period. Dependent variables included body fat percentage, lean muscle mass, bench press 1RM, and leg press 1RM. Data was analyzed via a paired samples t-test (to detect difference across both groups over the 8-week training period) and an independent samples t-test (to detect differences between the groups) using SPSS for Windows 15.0. No statistically significant differences were found in bench press strength, leg press strength, body fat %, and lean body mass between the fat-free group and the 2% chocolate milk group. The major finding of this study is that there is no difference between fat-free chocolate milk and 2% chocolate milk in regards to body fat percentage, lean body mass, bench press maximal strength, and leg press maximal strength following an eight week exercise program where the chocolate milk was ingested immediately after each workout. However, there was a significant difference in both groups combined after the eight week training program. Therefore, from a practical sense, consumption of either fat-free chocolate milk or 2% chocolate milk in conjunction with a periodized resistance training program does improve exercise performance in regards to maximal strength as well as improvements in body fat percentage and lean body mass.
14
Bikman, Benjamin Thomas. "The Association Between Changes in Body Fat, Body Weight and Serum C-Reactive Protein: A Prospective Study." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd929.pdf.
Full text
15
Israetel, Michael Alexandrovich. "The Interrelationships of Fitness Characteristics in Division 1 Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1194.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the interrelationships of several important fitness characteristics in Division 1 athletes. Sport performance magnitude is the summation of an individual athlete’s technical, psychological, and fitness characteristics. Athletes who excel in any or all characteristics perform better in their chosen sports. General fitness characteristics that are important to almost all sports include strength, power, vertical jump height, shortdistance sprinting ability, muscularity, and body fat percentage. These variables have been shown in previous research to independently affect athletic performance outcomes, but their relationships to one another are less clear. Eighty Division I athletes from 4 sports were examined in a variety of fitness characteristics as part of a continuous athlete monitoring program. Data on strength, power, vertical jump height, short-distance sprinting speed, muscularity, and body fat percentage were collected and analyzed. Analysis revealed several important relationships. Firstly, strength is highly related to muscularity, with lean body mass as one of the most important determinants of strength. Secondly, athletes who can produce high relative (scaled per body mass) forces and powers tend to be considerably higher jumpers and much faster sprinters. Lastly, leaner athletes out-perform less lean athletes in almost every metric, especially relative strength and power, vertical jumping ability, and sprinting ability.
16
Pillay, Tanushree. "Determining the effects of a short-term physical activity intervention programme on body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate and percentage body fat among high school learners." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Physical inactivity is recognised as a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Current recommendations for participation in physical activity are 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, but preferably all days of the week. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a physical activity programme on weight, blood pressure, body mass index and body fat classification among high school learners through a short-term physical activity intervention programme.
17
Malema, Maphoko Phindile. "Effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on percentage body fat, fasting blood glucose and dyspnoea in insulin resistant, obese female university employees in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8089.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES)<br>Obesity is recognised as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases which has reached epidemic proportions globally. South Africa is one of the developing countries with significant statistical representation reported for these conditions. Obesity is associated with other conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia which are all part of what is called metabolic syndrome. As a strategy to reduce the levels of obesity, physical activity has been introduced to compliment clients who are on medication for diabetes.
18
Rietsch, Katrin. "Body composition especially external skeletal robustness in association with physical activity and recreation in pre-pubertal children : a national and international investigation." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6691/.
Full textAbstract:
In children the way of life, nutrition and recreation changed in recent years and as a consequence body composition shifted as well. It is established that overweight belongs to a global problem. In addition, German children exhibit a less robust skeleton than ten years ago. These developments may elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and skeletal modifications. Heredity and environmental factors as nutrition, socioeconomic status, physical activity and inactivity influence fat accumulation and the skeletal system. Based on these negative developments associations between type of body shape, skeletal measures and physical activity; relations between external skeletal robustness, physical activity and inactivity, BMI and body fat and also the progress of body composition especially external skeletal robustness in comparison in Russian and German children were investigated.
In a cross-sectional study 691 German boys and girls aged 6 to 10 years were examined. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires about physical activity and inactivity were answered by parents. Additionally, pedometers were worn to determinate the physical activity in children. To compare the body composition in Russian and German children data from the years 2000 and 2010 were used.
The study has shown that pyknomorphic individuals exhibit the highest external skeletal robustness and leptomorphic ones the lowest. Leptomorphic children may have a higher risk for bone diseases in adulthood. Pyknomorphic boys are more physically active by tendency. This is assessed as positive because pyknomorphic types display the highest BMI and body fat. Results showed that physical activity may reduce BMI and body fat. In contrast physical inactivity may lead to an increase of BMI and body fat and may rise with increasing age. Physical activity encourages additionally a robust skeleton. Furthermore external skeletal robustness is associated with BMI in order that BMI as a measure of overweight should be consider critically. The international 10-year comparison has shown an increase of BMI in Russian children and German boys. Currently, Russian children exhibit a higher external skeletal robustness than the Germans. However, in Russian boys skeleton is less robust than ten years ago. This trend should be observed in the future as well in other countries.
All in all, several measures should be used to describe health situation in children and adults. Furthermore, in children it is essential to support physical activity in order to reduce the risk of obesity and to maintain a robust skeleton. In this way diseases are able to prevent in adulthood.<br>Die Lebens- und Ernährungsweise sowie die Freizeitaktivitäten von Kindern haben sich im Laufe der letzten Jahre verändert. Daraus resultieren Veränderungen der Körperzusammensetzung. Es ist hinreichend bekannt, dass Übergewicht ein globales Problem ist. Des Weiteren weisen deutsche Kinder ein weniger robustes Skelett auf als noch vor 10 Jahren. Diese Entwicklungen können zu unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems bzw. des Skelettsystems führen. Neben genetischen Faktoren haben Umweltfaktoren wie Ernährung, sozialer Status, die körperliche Aktivität bzw. Inaktivität einen Einfluss auf die Fettakkumulation und das Skelettsystem.
Aufgrund der negativen Entwicklungen wurden daher die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Körperbautyp, Skelettmaßen und der körperlichen Aktivität; die Beziehungen zwischen der äußeren Skelettrobustizität, der körperlichen Aktivität bzw. Inaktivität, dem BMI und dem Körperfettanteil sowie die Entwicklung der Körperzusammensetzung insbesondere die äußere Skelettrobustizität von russischen Kindern im Vergleich zu deutschen Kindern überprüft.
In einer Querschnittstudie wurden 691 Jungen und Mädchen im Alter von 6 bis 10 Jahren aus Berlin und Brandenburg untersucht. Es wurden anthropometrische Messungen vorgenommen, Fragebögen bezüglich der sportlichen Aktivität und Inaktivität beantwortet sowie ein Schrittzähler zur Bestimmung der körperlichen Aktivität von den Kindern getragen. Für den internationalen Vergleich der Körperzusammensetzung wurden Daten aus den Jahren 2000 und 2010 von deutschen und russischen Kindern verwendet.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der pyknomorphe Körperbautyp die höchste und der leptomorphe Typ die niedrigste äußere Skelettrobustizität aufweisen. Leptomorphe Kinder könnten daher das höchste Risiko für Knochenerkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter aufweisen. Tendenziell zeigen pyknomorphe Jungen eine höhere körperliche Aktivität als die anderen Typen. Dies ist positiv zu bewerten, da die pyknomorphen Typen den höchsten BMI und Körperfettanteil besitzen. Wie die Resultate ergeben, kann die körperliche Aktivität zur Reduktion bzw. Inaktivität zur Erhöhung des BMIs und des Körperfettanteils führen. Die körperliche Inaktivität steigt mit zunehmendem Alter. Die körperliche Aktivität unterstützt weiterhin den Aufbau eines robusten Skeletts. Die äußere Skelettrobustizität ist ebenfalls positiv mit dem BMI assoziiert, so dass dargelegt werden konnte, dass der BMI als Maß für Übergewicht kritisch betrachtet werden sollte. Im internationalen 10-Jahresvergleich zeigt sich eine Zunahme des BMIs bei russischen Kindern und deutschen Jungen. Zurzeit weisen die russischen Kinder immer noch ein robusteres Skelett auf als die Deutschen jedoch ist das Skelett bei russischen Jungen weniger robust als noch vor 10 Jahren. Diese negative Entwicklung sollte weiterhin beobachtet werden auch in anderen Ländern.
Alles in allem, sollten immer mehrere Maße zur Beschreibung des Gesundheitszustandes herangezogen werden. Weiterhin ist einer Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität bei Kindern notwendig, um zum einen das Risiko für Übergewicht zu minimieren und zum anderen ein robustes Skelett aufzubauen, um somit Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter vorzubeugen.
19
Perkins, Annette Elisabeth. "The Relationship between Diet Quality and Body Composition in College Women: a Cross-sectional Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2871.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. Determine the relationship between dietary quality and body weight/composition in college women. Specific emphasis was made regarding adherence to current MyPyramid guidelines, fruit, vegetable and junk food consumption.
Design/Participants. The study used a cross-sectional design. One hundred and sixty three women were recruited to participate in the study. All participants were university students (20.4 ± 1.6 y). Diet intake was measured using the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was calculated to assess diet quality. Body fat percentage was assessed using the Bod Pod and BMI was calculated using height and weight measurements. Physical activity was measured objectively using accelerometers over seven consecutive days.
Results. There was no significant difference in BMI or body fat percentage across university year. There was no relationship between diet quality (as measured using the Healthy Eating Index) and percent body fat or BMI. The number of MyPyramid equivalents of fruit was negatively correlated to body fat percentage (r = -0.2, p ≤ 0,05) but not BMI (r = -0.093, p =0.26). The number of MyPyramid equivalents of dairy was also negatively related to both body fat percentage (r = -0.21, p ≤ 0.05) and BMI (r = -0.21, p ≤ 0.05). Percentage of calories from Non Nutrient Dense Foods (NNDF) was positively related to percent body fat ( r= 0.179, p = 0.029). For every 1-percentage increase in NNDF, there was a 0.12 percentage point increase in body fat.
Conclusion. Increasing fruit, dairy, and vegetable intake, and reducing intake from Non Nutrient Dense Foods (NNDF) such as French fries, cookies, and candy, may have a beneficial influence on body composition in college women.
20
Ludwig, Emily. "FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION OF DIVISION I COLLEGIATE FOOTBALL AND VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS PRE- AND POST-DEREGULATION OF SNACKS BY THE NCAA." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/34.
Full textAbstract:
The deregulation of snacks by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) permits institutions to provide enhanced snacks incidental to participation. Athletes may now have the opportunity to improve their diet quality. The purpose of this research was to assess the consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as body composition of Division I collegiate athletes. The sample included 19 American football players and 8 volleyball players. Paired t-tests were performed to compare fruit intake, vegetable intake, and body fat percentage pre- and post-deregulation of snacks. Linear regression models were used to determine correlations between change in fruit intake and change in body fat percentage and change in vegetable intake and change in body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in the paired t-tests; however, there was a significant correlation in increasing fruit intake, vegetable intake, and decreasing body fat percentage among football players. Results suggest that regular contact with a Registered Dietitian may improve diet quality, and providing nutrient-dense foods planned by a Registered Dietitian to college athletes may improve body fat percentage.
21
Heine, Annemarié. "Fisieke aktiwiteit en insuliensensitiwiteit by swart kinders / Annemarié Heine." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1021.
Full textAbstract:
The increased prevalence of obesity amongst adolescents is considered a worldwide
epidemic. Within the black population of South Africa, obesity is significantly more
prevalent amongst black girls than black boys. The high prevalence of obesity amongst
children can be attributed to a combination of various lifestyle factors, namely a decrease
in physical activity, an increase in television viewing, Westernization and increased food
supply.
The decrease in physical activity amongst adolescents over the last few decades has led to
an increase in the number adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research
has indicated that insulin sensitivity improves with regular physical endurance activity,
irrespective of change in bodyweight. Regular physical exercise also lowers the risk of
type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prevents the development of coronary heart diseases,
hypertension and obesity.
The primary goals of this study were two-fold: Firstly, to determine the relationship
between BMI, percentage body fat and insulin sensitivity amongst black adolescents, and,
secondly, to determine whether there exists a positive correlation between current
cardiovascular fitness (V02-maximum),together with everyday physical activity status,
and insulin sensitivity amongst black adolescents. One hundred and twenty-four (124)
black boys and 148 black girls between the ages of 14 and 17 participated in the study.
The BOD-POD was used to calculate percentage body fat, and blood analysis for fasting
glucose and insulin were completed. Insulin sensitivity (QUIKI-index) and resistance
(HOMA) were also calculated, and habitual physical activity was measured using the
"Previous Day Physical Activity Recall" (pDPAR) questionnaire. Physical development
was determined with the Tanner questionnaire, cardiovascular fitness (VO2-maximum)
was determined using the "Bleep" test and anthropometry (mass, length, skin folds, waist
and hip circumference) was measured to determine body composition.
The results of this study found a statistically significant negative correlation between skin
fold thickness, percentage body fat, BMI and insulin sensitivity in girls. A significant
negative correlation between percentage body fat and V02-maximum was found in boys,
while their self-reported activity (PDPAR) did not correlate with percentage body fat.
Current cardiovascular fitness and habitual physical activity status (PDPAR) showed no
significant relationship with insulin sensitivity. Amongst the girls there was however a tendency towards a positive correlation between insulin sensitivity and V02-maximum.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
22
Höhn, Anja Verfasser], Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Weisser, and Andreas [Gutachter] Koch. "The correlation between blood pressure and waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, physical activity and physical fitness in 1141 8th grade students from northern Germany / Anja Höhn ; Gutachter: Andreas Koch ; Betreuer: Burkhard Weisser." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-mods-2020-00261-8.
Full text
23
Höhn, Anja [Verfasser], Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Weisser, and Andreas [Gutachter] Koch. "The correlation between blood pressure and waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, physical activity and physical fitness in 1141 8th grade students from northern Germany / Anja Höhn ; Gutachter: Andreas Koch ; Betreuer: Burkhard Weisser." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217251065/34.
Full text
24
Willemse, Yolandi. "Sportspesifieke inoefening en antropometriese, fisieke en motoriese vereistes van 15– tot 17–jaar oue vroulike netbalspelers / Y. Willemse." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4946.
Full textAbstract:
In the light of the facts given in literature it is evident that players in the game of netball
need to meet specific anthropometric (body length, body mass, percentage body fat and
percentage muscle mass), physical (pliancy, abdominal power, aerobic endurance and
anaerobic endurance) and motor (speed over 5 m and 10 m, agility and explosive
power) requirements. This consequently necessitates specific attention to be given to
the mentioned requirements. In spite of the fact that a few studies do exist that enter
into the requirements of the profile of netball players in different positions, as well as
into what the effect of a periodization programme is on anthropometric, physical and
motor requirements, voids do exist regarding the positional profile of 15 to 17 year old
netball players and as to what the effect is of a sport specific periodization programme
in the course of a season on 15 to 17 year old netball players.
In the light of the above–mentioned, this study was undertaken with the aim to:
1) Determine the requirements for 15 to 17 year old netball players;
2) Compile positional profile scales of netball specific requirement for 15 to 17 year old
players in the Tlokwe region;
3) Establish the effect of a sport specific periodization programme on anthropometric,
physical and motor requirements for 15 to 17 year old female netball players, of a
specific school in the Tlokwe region, in the course of a season.
96 players (28 goalkeepers, 44 centre court players and 24 defenders) between ages
15 and 17 years from two high schools in the North–West Province were used in the
study to determine positional differences. A group of only 22 player of one school was
exposed to a sport specific periodization programme for purposes of the study, since
the coach and players from only one school’s teams were prepared to participate in the
sport scientific intervention programme for the full duration of the netball season. The
afore–mentioned group was evaluated over a period of two years, namely prior to the start of the season (T1), after conclusion of the season once the sport specific
periodization programme was completed (T2), prior to the start of the season in the
subsequent year (T3) and after conclusion of the season without the sport specific being
followed. The data is processed on the basis of descriptive statistics. Furthermore, the
practical significance of test result changes between the respective groups and different
test sessions were compared using Cohen’s effect size.
Literature was consulted to determine whether specific requirements exist for netball
players and whether differences occur in the three positional groups. However, no
literature could be traced in which only netball specific requirements for 15 to 17 year
old players were focused on. The literature did indeed point out clear anthropometric
differences between the three positional groups, namely attacking, centre court and
defence players in club and elite netball players. The goalkeeper and defence players
are, according to literature, considerably taller and heavier than the centre court players.
Literature also indicated that differences do indeed occur regarding physical and motor
requirements. Centre court players are significantly faster and more agile than the
goalkeeper and defenders. However, there were components of which the differences
were not prominent concerning the three positional groups.
Where a specific positional profile of anthropometric, physical and motor requirements
for 15 to 17 year old female netball players was composed from available data of
players in the North–West Province, Tlokwe region, the results of the anthropometric
requirements indicated that body length showed a large significant difference between
the three positional groups, with defenders being the tallest, followed by goalkeepers,
and the centre court players being the shortest. Body mass also showed a medium
significant difference between goalkeepers and centre court players as well as between
centre court players and defence players. Goalkeepers were heavier than centre court
players, and defenders also showed a higher body mass than centre court players. The
other two variables, namely percentage fat and percentage muscle mass, only showed
small practically significant differences, in this group of netball players, between the test
sessions.
With the physical and motor requirements, results indicated that large practically
significant differences occurred in vertical jumping, 5 m speed, 10 m speed and agility between the groups. The general trend observed in the profiles was that the largest
significant differences occurred between goalkeepers and defence players on the one
hand and centre court players on the other. Vertical jump and speed showed a large
significant difference between goalkeepers and centre court players as well as between
centre court players and defenders, although the goalkeepers and defenders’ results
corresponded considerably. Other large significant differences occurred in the 10 m
speed as well as in 505–agility to the left between centre court players and defenders.
In summary it can be mentioned that the most and the largest significant differences
occurred between goalkeepers and centre court players as well as between defenders
and centre court players. Only one medium significant difference occurred between the
goalkeepers and defenders, which is ankle dorsiflexion and which can be ascribed to
injuries. From this it can be inferred that a positional profile can indeed be compiled for
the different positional groups in netball, but that the requirements of positional variables
between goalkeepers and defenders correspond largely and that the large difference
between the last–mentioned two groups occur when compared with those of the centre
court players of this specific group.
The results of the group of twenty–two players that were evaluated twice during the
course of both netball seasons indicate that the variable that showed a large significant
difference between T1 and T2, following the sport specific periodization program, was
body mass (inverted difference). Although there was no large significant difference, it
can clearly be deduced from the graphs presented in the study that a visible difference
(improvement) was observed in most of the variables. The variables that showed a
large practically significant difference with the training of the coach’s general
programme, were ankle dorsiflexion on the left, abdominal power and 5 m speed
(inverted effect). A number of variables indeed existed that also showed medium and
small significant differences during the course of both seasons, but it will not be
mentioned here.
A number of shortcomings and recommendations did indeed come to the fore during
and after the course of the study. It should, however, be borne in mind that such a
structured periodization programme is very important for the development of netball
potential.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
25
Ramalho, Roberto Mendes. "ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NO CALOR: ANÁLISE DA VARIAÇÃO DO PERCENTUAL DE GORDURA EM ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL DURANTE UM CAMPEONATO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2893.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ROBERTO MENDES RAMALHO.pdf: 8922799 bytes, checksum: 527c28b11b6605a54382f1d802a94a54 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-06-21<br>Soccer is a sport characterized by the alternation of short duration and intense
motor actions, indicating the importance of physical preparation for the game's
performance. The physical training is associated with the control of the variation of
fat percentage, which can affect the athlete's performance. Several studies
demonstrate the incompatibility between the competitive excellence and high
levels of subcutaneous fat. Another important point is the practice of soccer in hot
and humid environments, because is needed a systematic care with the liquids
intake, which should be observed like a strategy to minimize heat-related
problems. The general objective of this study were to determine the variations of
the fat percentage of soccer players in a certain team during a championship. Also
the specific objectives are: a) compare the fat percentage found in the different
positions of the players; b) verify if there are other studies about this subject and
compare the fat percentage; c) examine whether and climatic conditions such as
heat and high humidity can affect the range of the results during the tournament;
compared to other data collections and other published studies related of fat
percentage in different conditions of heat and humidity. Four data collection were
made to evaluate the fat percentage by Jackson and Pollock 7 skinfold protocol. It
was analyzed Twenty-five professional soccer players from Marabá s Eagle Team
(Brazil), who competed in the 2011 C Series Brazilian Soccer Championship. In
the average, participant athletes were 27.53 ± 4.96 years old, 1.76 ± 0.07 of height
and initial weight of 73.81 ± 8.35. Analyzing the data collection for months, there
was no significant statistical difference in body mass and body fat percentage
between assessments. A significant difference was detected only in body mass
and body fat percentage among goalies and wide midfielders during all researched
months. In September there was also a difference in body mass between
defenders and wide midfielders. Thus, this study observed that the weather
conditions had no significant influence in the variation in the fat percentage in this
studied group of soccer athletes.<br>O futebol é um desporto caracterizado pela alternância de ações motoras intensas
e de curta duração, evidenciando a importância da preparação física para o
desempenho do jogo. Aliado à preparação física está o controle da variável
percentual de gordura, variável esta que pode afetar no desempenho do atleta.
Vários estudos demonstram a incompatibilidade entre a excelência competitiva e
altos índices de adiposidade subcutânea. Outro ponto que deve ser observado é a
prática do futebol em ambientes considerados quentes e úmidos, pois cuidados
com a ingestão sistemática de líquidos devem ser observados com vistas a
minimizar problemas relacionados ao calor. Os objetivos deste estudo foram
verificar a variação do percentual de gordura de jogadores de futebol de uma
determinada equipe durante um campeonato; comparar o percentual de gordura
nas diferentes posições dos jogadores; verificar se existem outros estudos nesse
âmbito e comparar o percentual de gordura; analisar se existe influência das
condições climáticas de calor e umidade elevados, na variação do percentual de
gordura encontrados durante o campeonato, comparado a outras coletas de
dados e outros estudos existentes relacionados à percentual de gordura em
jogadores de futebol em diferentes condições de calor e umidade. Foram feitas
quatro coletas de dados para avaliar o percentual de gordura que foi determinado
através do protocolo de Jackson e Pollock (7 dobras).Foram avaliados vinte e
cinco jogadores de futebol profissional da equipe do Águia de Marabá que
disputaram o campeonato brasileiro da série C de 2011. Os atletas apresentaram
média de idade de 27,53 ± 4,96; média de estatura de 1,76 ± 0,07 e média de
massa corporal inicial de 73,81 ± 8,35. Analisando as quatro coletas de dados por
meses, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante de massa corporal e
percentual de gordura entre as avaliações. Detectou-se diferença significativa
apenas na massa corporal e percentual de gordura entre goleiros e laterais em
todos os meses avaliados e na massa corporal entre zagueiros e laterais na
coleta do mês de setembro. Dessa forma, observou-se nesse estudo que as
condições climáticas a que foram submetidos, não influenciou significativamente
na variação do percentual de gordura desse grupo de atletas.
26
Sharpe, Jenny-Kay. "Body composition and energy expenditure in men with schizophrenia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16961/1/Jenny-Kay_Sharpe_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There is an increase in the prevalence of obesity among people with schizophrenia thought to be due in part to the weight enhancing side-effects of medications commonly used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite the deleterious health effects associated with obesity and its impact on quality of life and medication compliance, little is known about body composition and energy expenditure in this clinical group. The primary purpose of this thesis was to enhance understanding of body composition and energy expenditure, particularly resting energy expenditure in men with schizophrenia who take atypical antipsychotic medications. Unique to this investigation is the evaluation of clinical tools used to predict body composition and energy expenditure against reference methodologies in men with schizophrenia. Further, given the known links between obesity and physical activity, an additional but less comprehensive component of the thesis was a consideration of total and activity energy expenditure in addition to the interaction between psychiatric symptoms, side-effects of antipsychotic medications and physical activity also occurred as part of this thesis. Collectively, the goals of this thesis were addressed through a series of studies – the first two studies were related to the measurement and characteristics of body composition in men with schizophrenia, while the third and fourth studies were related to the measurement and characteristics of resting energy expenditure in men with schizophrenia. The fifth and sixth studies the utilised doubly labelled water technique to quantify activity and total energy expenditure in a small group of men with schizophrenia and explored the use of accelerometry in this cohort. The final study briefly considered the impact of psychiatric symptoms and self-reported medication side-effects on objectively measured physical activity. In the first study, thirty-one male adults previously diagnosed with schizophrenia and sixteen healthy male controls were recruited. Estimates of body composition derived from an anthropometry-based equation and from bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) using deuterium dilution as the reference methodology to determine total body water were compared. The study also determined the validity of equations commonly used to predict body composition from BIA in the men with schizophrenia. A further aim was to determine the superiority of either BIA or body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of obesity in this cohort. The inclusion of the control group, closely matched for age, body size and body composition demonstrated that there was no difference in the ability of body composition prediction methods to distinguish between fat and fat-free mass (FFM) in controls and men with schizophrenia when both groups had similar body composition. However this study indicated that an anthropometry-based equation previously used in people with schizophrenia was a poor predictor of body composition in this cohort, as evidenced by wide limits of agreement (25%) and systematic variation of the bias. In comparison, the best predictor of percentage body fat (%BF) in this group was gained when impedance values were used to predict percentage body fat via the equation published by Lukaski et al (1986). Although percentage body fat was underpredicted using the Lukaski et al. (1986) equation, the mean magnitude was relatively small (1.3%), with the limits of agreement approximately 13%. Linear regression analysis revealed that %BF predicted using the Lukaski et al. (1986) equation explained 25% more of the variance in percentage body fat than BMI. Further, this study also indicated that BIA was more sensitive than BMI in distinguishing between overweight and obesity in this cohort of men with schizophrenia. Because of the almost exclusive use of BMI as an indicator of obesity in people with schizophrenia, the level of excess body fat may be in excess of that previously indicated. The second study extended the examination of body composition in men with schizophrenia. In this study, the thirty-one participants with schizophrenia (age, 34.2 ± 5.7 years; BMI, 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2) were individually matched with sedentary controls by age, weight and BMI. Deuterium dilution was used to distinguish between FFM and fat mass. The previous study had indicated that while BIA was a suitable group measure for obesity, on an individual level the technique lacked the precision required for investigating body composition in men with schizophrenia. Waist circumference was used as an indicator of body fat distribution. The findings of this study indicated that in comparison with healthy sedentary controls of similar body size and age, men with schizophrenia had higher levels of body fat which was more centrally distributed. Percentage body fat was on average 4% higher and waist circumference, on average 5 cm greater in men with schizophrenia than the sedentary controls of the same age and BMI. Further, this study indicates that the use of BMI to predict body fat in men with schizophrenia will result in greater bias than when it is used to predict body fat in other sedentary men. Commonly used regression equations to predict energy requirements at rest are based on the relationships between weight and resting energy expenditure (REE) and in such equations, weight acts as a surrogate measure of FFM. The objectives of study three were to measure REE in a small group of men with schizophrenia who were taking the antipsychotic medication clozapine and to determine whether REE can be predicted with sufficient accuracy to substitute for the measurement of REE in the clinical and/or research settings. Body composition was determined using deuterium dilution and REE was measured using a Deltatrac Metabolic Cart via a ventilated hood. The male participants, (aged 28.0 ± 6.7 yrs, BMI 29.8 ± 6.8 kg/m2) were weight stable at the time of the study and had been taking clozapine for 20.5 ± 12.8 months, with doses of 450 ± 140 mg/day. Of the six prediction equations evaluated, the equation of Mifflin et al. (1990) with no systematic bias, the lowest bias and the lowest limits of agreement proved to be the most suitable equation to predict REE in this cohort. The overestimation of REE can be corrected for by deducting 160 kcal/day from the predicted REE value when using the Mifflin et al. (1990) equations. However, the magnitude of the error associated with the prediction of REE for an individual is 370 kcal/day. The findings of this study indicate that REE cannot be predicted with sufficient individual accuracy in men with schizophrenia, therefore it was necessary to measure rather than predict REE in subsequent studies. In the fourth study, indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac Metabolic Cart via ventilated hood) and deuterium dilution were used to accurately determine REE, respiratory quotient (RQ) and FFM in 31 men with schizophrenia and healthy sedentary controls individually matched for age and BMI. Data from this study indicated that gross REE was lower in men with schizophrenia than in healthy sedentary controls of a similar age and body size. However, there was no difference between the groups in REE when REE was adjusted for FFM using the mathematically correct method (analysis of covariance with FFM as the covariate). There was however a statistically and clinically significant difference in resting, fasted RQ between men with schizophrenia and controls, suggesting that RQ rather than REE may be an important correlate worthy of further investigation in men with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications. Studies five and six involved the application of the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique to accurately determine total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) in a small group of men with schizophrenia who had been taking the atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine. The participants were those who took part in study three. The purpose of these studies was to assess the validity of a commercially available tri-axial accelerometer (RT3) for predicting free-living AEE and to investigate TEE and AEE in men with schizophrenia. There was poor agreement between AEE measured using DLW and AEE predicted using the RT3. However, using the RT3 to measure inactivity explained over two-thirds of the variance in AEE. This study found that the relationship between current AEE per kilogram of body weight and change from baseline weight in men taking clozapine was strong although not significant. The sedentary nature of the group of participants in this study was reflected in physical activity levels, (PAL, 1.39 ± 0.27), AEE (435 ±352 kcal/day) and TEE (2511 ± 606 kcal/day) that fell well short of values recommended by WHO (2000) for optimal health and to prevent weight gain. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of sedentary behaviour to weight gain in the general community, further examination of the unique contributing factors such as medication side effects and symptoms of mental illness to activity levels in this clinical group is warranted. The final study used accelerometry (RT3) to objectively measure activity in a group of 31 men with schizophrenia who had been taking atypical antipsychotic medications for more than four months. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychiatric symptomatology, side-effects of medication and physical activity. Accelerometry output was analysed to provide a measure of inactivity and moderate intensity activity (MIA). The well-validated and reliable standardised clinical interview, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a measure of psychiatric symptoms. Perceived side-effects of medication were assessed using the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Rating Side-Effects Scale (LUNSER). Surprisingly, there was no relationship reported between any measures of negative symptoms and physical inactivity. However, self-reported measures of medication side-effects relating to fatigue, sleepiness during the day and extrapyramidal symptoms explained 40% of the variance in inactivity. This study found significant relationships between some negative symptoms and moderate intensity activity. Despite the expectation that as symptoms of mental illness reduce, inactivity may diminish and moderate intensity activity will increase, it may not be surprising that in practice this is an overly simplistic view. It may be that measures of social functioning and possibly therefore cognition may be better predictors of physical activity than psychiatric symptomatology per se.
27
Sharpe, Jenny-Kay. "Body composition and energy expenditure in men with schizophrenia." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16961/.
Full textAbstract:
There is an increase in the prevalence of obesity among people with schizophrenia thought to be due in part to the weight enhancing side-effects of medications commonly used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite the deleterious health effects associated with obesity and its impact on quality of life and medication compliance, little is known about body composition and energy expenditure in this clinical group. The primary purpose of this thesis was to enhance understanding of body composition and energy expenditure, particularly resting energy expenditure in men with schizophrenia who take atypical antipsychotic medications. Unique to this investigation is the evaluation of clinical tools used to predict body composition and energy expenditure against reference methodologies in men with schizophrenia. Further, given the known links between obesity and physical activity, an additional but less comprehensive component of the thesis was a consideration of total and activity energy expenditure in addition to the interaction between psychiatric symptoms, side-effects of antipsychotic medications and physical activity also occurred as part of this thesis. Collectively, the goals of this thesis were addressed through a series of studies – the first two studies were related to the measurement and characteristics of body composition in men with schizophrenia, while the third and fourth studies were related to the measurement and characteristics of resting energy expenditure in men with schizophrenia. The fifth and sixth studies the utilised doubly labelled water technique to quantify activity and total energy expenditure in a small group of men with schizophrenia and explored the use of accelerometry in this cohort. The final study briefly considered the impact of psychiatric symptoms and self-reported medication side-effects on objectively measured physical activity. In the first study, thirty-one male adults previously diagnosed with schizophrenia and sixteen healthy male controls were recruited. Estimates of body composition derived from an anthropometry-based equation and from bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) using deuterium dilution as the reference methodology to determine total body water were compared. The study also determined the validity of equations commonly used to predict body composition from BIA in the men with schizophrenia. A further aim was to determine the superiority of either BIA or body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of obesity in this cohort. The inclusion of the control group, closely matched for age, body size and body composition demonstrated that there was no difference in the ability of body composition prediction methods to distinguish between fat and fat-free mass (FFM) in controls and men with schizophrenia when both groups had similar body composition. However this study indicated that an anthropometry-based equation previously used in people with schizophrenia was a poor predictor of body composition in this cohort, as evidenced by wide limits of agreement (25%) and systematic variation of the bias. In comparison, the best predictor of percentage body fat (%BF) in this group was gained when impedance values were used to predict percentage body fat via the equation published by Lukaski et al (1986). Although percentage body fat was underpredicted using the Lukaski et al. (1986) equation, the mean magnitude was relatively small (1.3%), with the limits of agreement approximately 13%. Linear regression analysis revealed that %BF predicted using the Lukaski et al. (1986) equation explained 25% more of the variance in percentage body fat than BMI. Further, this study also indicated that BIA was more sensitive than BMI in distinguishing between overweight and obesity in this cohort of men with schizophrenia. Because of the almost exclusive use of BMI as an indicator of obesity in people with schizophrenia, the level of excess body fat may be in excess of that previously indicated. The second study extended the examination of body composition in men with schizophrenia. In this study, the thirty-one participants with schizophrenia (age, 34.2 ± 5.7 years; BMI, 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2) were individually matched with sedentary controls by age, weight and BMI. Deuterium dilution was used to distinguish between FFM and fat mass. The previous study had indicated that while BIA was a suitable group measure for obesity, on an individual level the technique lacked the precision required for investigating body composition in men with schizophrenia. Waist circumference was used as an indicator of body fat distribution. The findings of this study indicated that in comparison with healthy sedentary controls of similar body size and age, men with schizophrenia had higher levels of body fat which was more centrally distributed. Percentage body fat was on average 4% higher and waist circumference, on average 5 cm greater in men with schizophrenia than the sedentary controls of the same age and BMI. Further, this study indicates that the use of BMI to predict body fat in men with schizophrenia will result in greater bias than when it is used to predict body fat in other sedentary men. Commonly used regression equations to predict energy requirements at rest are based on the relationships between weight and resting energy expenditure (REE) and in such equations, weight acts as a surrogate measure of FFM. The objectives of study three were to measure REE in a small group of men with schizophrenia who were taking the antipsychotic medication clozapine and to determine whether REE can be predicted with sufficient accuracy to substitute for the measurement of REE in the clinical and/or research settings. Body composition was determined using deuterium dilution and REE was measured using a Deltatrac Metabolic Cart via a ventilated hood. The male participants, (aged 28.0 ± 6.7 yrs, BMI 29.8 ± 6.8 kg/m2) were weight stable at the time of the study and had been taking clozapine for 20.5 ± 12.8 months, with doses of 450 ± 140 mg/day. Of the six prediction equations evaluated, the equation of Mifflin et al. (1990) with no systematic bias, the lowest bias and the lowest limits of agreement proved to be the most suitable equation to predict REE in this cohort. The overestimation of REE can be corrected for by deducting 160 kcal/day from the predicted REE value when using the Mifflin et al. (1990) equations. However, the magnitude of the error associated with the prediction of REE for an individual is 370 kcal/day. The findings of this study indicate that REE cannot be predicted with sufficient individual accuracy in men with schizophrenia, therefore it was necessary to measure rather than predict REE in subsequent studies. In the fourth study, indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac Metabolic Cart via ventilated hood) and deuterium dilution were used to accurately determine REE, respiratory quotient (RQ) and FFM in 31 men with schizophrenia and healthy sedentary controls individually matched for age and BMI. Data from this study indicated that gross REE was lower in men with schizophrenia than in healthy sedentary controls of a similar age and body size. However, there was no difference between the groups in REE when REE was adjusted for FFM using the mathematically correct method (analysis of covariance with FFM as the covariate). There was however a statistically and clinically significant difference in resting, fasted RQ between men with schizophrenia and controls, suggesting that RQ rather than REE may be an important correlate worthy of further investigation in men with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications. Studies five and six involved the application of the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique to accurately determine total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) in a small group of men with schizophrenia who had been taking the atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine. The participants were those who took part in study three. The purpose of these studies was to assess the validity of a commercially available tri-axial accelerometer (RT3) for predicting free-living AEE and to investigate TEE and AEE in men with schizophrenia. There was poor agreement between AEE measured using DLW and AEE predicted using the RT3. However, using the RT3 to measure inactivity explained over two-thirds of the variance in AEE. This study found that the relationship between current AEE per kilogram of body weight and change from baseline weight in men taking clozapine was strong although not significant. The sedentary nature of the group of participants in this study was reflected in physical activity levels, (PAL, 1.39 ± 0.27), AEE (435 ±352 kcal/day) and TEE (2511 ± 606 kcal/day) that fell well short of values recommended by WHO (2000) for optimal health and to prevent weight gain. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of sedentary behaviour to weight gain in the general community, further examination of the unique contributing factors such as medication side effects and symptoms of mental illness to activity levels in this clinical group is warranted. The final study used accelerometry (RT3) to objectively measure activity in a group of 31 men with schizophrenia who had been taking atypical antipsychotic medications for more than four months. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychiatric symptomatology, side-effects of medication and physical activity. Accelerometry output was analysed to provide a measure of inactivity and moderate intensity activity (MIA). The well-validated and reliable standardised clinical interview, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a measure of psychiatric symptoms. Perceived side-effects of medication were assessed using the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Rating Side-Effects Scale (LUNSER). Surprisingly, there was no relationship reported between any measures of negative symptoms and physical inactivity. However, self-reported measures of medication side-effects relating to fatigue, sleepiness during the day and extrapyramidal symptoms explained 40% of the variance in inactivity. This study found significant relationships between some negative symptoms and moderate intensity activity. Despite the expectation that as symptoms of mental illness reduce, inactivity may diminish and moderate intensity activity will increase, it may not be surprising that in practice this is an overly simplistic view. It may be that measures of social functioning and possibly therefore cognition may be better predictors of physical activity than psychiatric symptomatology per se.
28
Baker, Erin R. "The Impact of Adiposity on Estrone, Estradiol, Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Peripubertal Females." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282577554.
Full text
29
Oliva-Perez, Oriol. "Evaluation of the FAA hybrid iii 50th percentile anthropometric test dummy under the far 23.562 and 25.562 emergency landing conditions for the combined horizontal-vertical dynamic loading." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3319.
Full textAbstract:
Aircraft regulations for seat certification are adapting to new crashworthiness exigencies. However, the use of the forty year old Hybrid II Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) for seat certification has remained invariable in the aircraft community (manufacturers, regulators and researchers) for decades. Although the community has had the improved FAA Hybrid III 50th ATD (FAA HIII) from more than ten years is still scarcely used for seat certification. Possible reasons of the unpopularity of the FAA HIII might be: (1) concern with rumored more stringent biomechanic responses, which might make it more difficult for seat certification and (2) poor literature available for the FAA HIII in comparison to the Hybrid II ATD (HII). This Thesis deals with a research effort to expand the scarce information available on the FAA Hybrid III 50th male ATD, focusing in the lumbar-pelvis responses for different aircraft vertical loading conditions.
The results from this Thesis research indicate that the FAA Hybrid III 50th ATD has achieved high degree of repeatability and linearity for lumbar-pelvis responses for Parts 23 and 25 Section 562 Emergency Landing Conditions. The demonstrated FAA HIII´s characteristics can help aircraft seat community to predict potential spine responses for different dynamic test configurations and for instance answer “what if” questions at the beginning of the seat design phase. Thus, the biofidelic improvements of the FAA HIII as well as reliable lumbar-pelvis responses can be sufficient enough reasons for replacing the old Hybrid II for seat certification purposes leading in safer designs.<br>Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
30
Nenad, Katanić. "Повезаност особина из перформанс теста назимица са величином легла код крмача". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101699&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Испитивање повезаности особина из перформанс теста назимица савеличином легла крмача, обављено је на седам генотипова животиња (чистихраса: дански ландрас, холандски ландрас, немачки ландрас, шведски ландрас ивелики јоркшир и програмских мелеза: мелеза чија је мајка ландрас и мелеза чијаје мајка велики јоркшир).Фенотипска повезаност особина из перформанс теста (ектеријер, маса накрају теста, старост на крају теста, дневни прираст у тесту, дебљина сланинеу слабинском делу, дебљина сланине у леђном делу, дубина МЛД-а, број легла,приплодна вредност назимица процењена селекцијским индексом и проценат месау трупу) и два основна репродуктивна параметра (број живорођене прасади и бројзалучене прасади), статистички је анализирана софтверским пакетом „Статистика13“ и „SPSS верзија 23“. Испитано је постојање/непостојање утицаја свакепојединaчне особине из перформанс теста на репродуктивне особинеНије утврђена општа повезаност свих особина перформанс теста ирепродуктивних особинаАнализиране особине показале су велику зависност од генотипаиспитиваних животиња.<br>Ispitivanje povezanosti osobina iz performans testa nazimica saveličinom legla krmača, obavljeno je na sedam genotipova životinja (čistihrasa: danski landras, holandski landras, nemački landras, švedski landras iveliki jorkšir i programskih meleza: meleza čija je majka landras i meleza čijaje majka veliki jorkšir).Fenotipska povezanost osobina iz performans testa (ekterijer, masa nakraju testa, starost na kraju testa, dnevni prirast u testu, debljina slanineu slabinskom delu, debljina slanine u leđnom delu, dubina MLD-a, broj legla,priplodna vrednost nazimica procenjena selekcijskim indeksom i procenat mesau trupu) i dva osnovna reproduktivna parametra (broj živorođene prasadi i brojzalučene prasadi), statistički je analizirana softverskim paketom „Statistika13“ i „SPSS verzija 23“. Ispitano je postojanje/nepostojanje uticaja svakepojedinačne osobine iz performans testa na reproduktivne osobineNije utvrđena opšta povezanost svih osobina performans testa ireproduktivnih osobinaAnalizirane osobine pokazale su veliku zavisnost od genotipaispitivanih životinja.
31
Ekeagwu, Osinachi A. "Dietary nutrient density and body fat percentage." Thesis, 2020. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/706814/1/Ekeagwu_2020.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The intake of nutrient-dense foods is recommended for overall health improvement and maintaining healthy body fat. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the relationship between the dietary nutrient density and body fat percentage. Investigating this relationship depends on the availability of valid dietary assessment methods for estimating micronutrients and the bioavailability of micronutrients, considering that nutrient-dense foods are rich in phytate which may affect the bioavailability of micronutrients.
Aims: This thesis primarily investigated the association between change in dietary nutrient density and change in body fat percentage using a prospective cohort study design. It also validated a 4-day food photography method for estimating micronutrients in the diet and conducted a systematic review on the influence of dietary phytates on the bioavailability of micronutrients.
Methods: This research was conducted in three stages. Firstly, a 4-day food photography method was validated against the weighed food record method as a reference. Secondly, a systematic review was conducted on the influence of dietary phytate on the bioavailability of micronutrients. Finally, the association between change in dietary nutrient density and change in body fat was investigated in a 6-month prospective cohort study involving 108 adults. For the validation study, measures obtained from both methods were compared using Student’s t-test, and the agreement between both measures was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. In the systematic review, specific databases were searched, and the results were reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. The relationship between dietary nutrient density and body fat percentage was investigated using linear mixed model regression. For all stages, the statistical significance was considered for p-values less than 0.05.
Results: In the validation study, the difference between the measures obtained by the food photography method and the weighed food record was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement for the nutrient estimates obtained by both methods. The bias for each nutrient estimate was less than 20%. The systematic review concluded that phytate negatively influenced the bioavailability of iron, magnesium and, zinc. In the cohort study, an increase in the dietary nutrient density of vitamins A, E, K and C, folate, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, zinc and, phosphorus were each found to correspond to a decrease in body fat percentage (p< 0.05) after adjusting for dietary phytate and covariates.
Conclusions: The food photography method is suitable for assessing dietary micronutrients; dietary phytate reduces the bioavailability of iron, magnesium and, zinc; an increase in dietary nutrient density of vitamins A, C, E and K, folate, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium and phosphorus was associated with a decrease in body fat percentage in adults.
32
Beardsley, Jessica. "The Relationship Between Alcohol Intake and Body Fat Percentage in Adult University Employees." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/60.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Factors that contribute to body fat and adiposity include energy consumption, macronutrient intake, and physical activity. Alcohol not only contributes to total energy consumed but also influences metabolic pathways that may alter fat oxidation and storage. Alcohol provides 7.1 kilocalories per gram (kcal/g) and makes up 6-10% of the daily caloric intake of adults in the United States. Cross-sectional studies have shown that increased alcohol intake is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), especially in men. Other studies suggest that there is a “U” shaped association whereby non-drinkers and heavy drinkers have a higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) then low to moderate drinkers. While many previous studies evaluate alcohol based on the average consumption (g/day), there is increasing evidence that it is the pattern of alcohol consumption (ie. frequency) that influences body composition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the frequency of wine, beer, and liquor consumption on body fat percent (BF%) and WHR in a population of university faculty and staff.
Methods: The Center for Health Discovery and Well Being (CHDWB) cohort trial is being conducted at Emory University in Atlanta, GA. Recruitment of faculty and staff for the study began in 2007. Demographic, reported dietary intake including wine, beer, and liquor consumption, and anthropometric data including weight, height, BF%, and waist circumference are collected at baseline and annually thereafter. We used linear regression models to determine the effect of frequency and quantity of wine, beer, and liquor consumption on BF% while controlling for age and the effects of the other types of alcohol. We applied the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine if the median BF% and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly different for those that reported at different five different frequencies (several times a year to 5-7 days a week).
Results: Baseline visits have been conducted on 700 participants. Their median age was 51 years (66% female). Median weight was 76.9 kg (range, 65.3 - 90.5 kg) and mean BMI was 27.9 + 6.4 kg/m2. A significant negative relationship was observed between frequency of beer consumption and BF% in women (p
Conclusions: The frequency of wine intake consumed by university employees and staff independently predicted BF% and BMI. Greater frequency of wine consumption was associated with lower BF%.
33
CHUANG, CHENG-DA, and 莊政達. "The relationship between body fat percentage and bone mineral density in different ages." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78758430520288876921.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>元培醫事科技大學<br>醫學影像暨放射技術系碩士班<br>105<br>This study was to investigate the relationship between lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and body fat weight by using dual-energy x-ray bone densitometry in Taiwanese populations. Totally 1438 participants (732 males and 706 females aged 19-80) were enrolled in this study. All subjects were underwent the lumbar spine BMD, body fat percentage (BFP) calculation, body weight and body mass index (BMI). The study results demonstrated that BFP were negatively associated with BMD index (p<0.001) within stratified aged groups. When the BFP lower and they also have lower BMD index. Premenopausal women had higher BMD than menopause women (1.003 ± 0.129 g/cm2 vs. 0.796 ± 0.147 g/cm2). A significant negative correlation was found between the age and BFP (p<0.001), whereas the positive correlation was found between the BMD and BFP (p<0.001) after multiple linear regression analysis.
The study demonstrated numerical changes of BFP and ages were associated to BMD index, males and premenopausal females BMD was the same, premenopausal women BMD batter than menopause women. In the same ages, when the BFP higher and they BMD index also will be batter. and when the BFP was low, women had a higher risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, when the people grow older, keep the proper BFP can help the BMD be batter in the same ages. And don’t excessive lost weight. It may bring about higher risk of osteoporosis and fracture.
Keywords: BMD, BFP, t-test, Multi regression analysis
34
Bergia, Robert. "The Relationship Between Within-day Energy Balance and Protein Distribution on Body Composition in Collegiate Female Basketball Players." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/65.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Previous research suggests associations between energy balance, eating frequency, macronutrient content, and macronutrient distribution with body composition. In particular, energy balance and protein intake have been conventionally evaluated in 24-hr time blocks, consistent with dietary recommendations and general public understanding. However, there is a potential benefit to investigating energy balance and protein intake in smaller increments of time to account for dynamic changes that occur within-day.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate protein intake/distribution relative to energy balance fluctuations during the day and body composition in collegiate female basketball players.Methods: Subjects provided information on dietary intake and expenditure. Body composition was assessed by multi-current bioelectrical impedance. Energy balance (EB) and related protein distribution variables were determined with a Computerized Time-Line Energy Analysis procedure. Data were analyzed for associations between energy balance, protein intake and distribution, and body composition. Data are displayed as either traditional 24-hr EB and total protein intake or dynamic protein variables in relation to real-time EB (ingestion within ± 400 kcal EB or > 0 kcal EB).Results: There was no relationship between net 24-hr energy balance and percentage body fat. A statistically significant positive relationship was observed between total protein intake and body fat mass (R = .597; p = .031). No relationship was observed between protein distribution variables (g in ± 400 kcal EB, g in > 0 kcal EB) and percentage body fat. Protein eating occurrences (>10g, ± 400 kcal EB) was inversely correlated with BMI (R = -.650; p = .016). Subjects with the greatest energy deficits presented with lower lean body mass (R= -.736; p = .004).Conclusion: These data suggest that within-day protein distribution relative to energy balance are associated with BMI, but not with percentage body fat. Those with the highest protein intake had the highest body fat mass, with no correlation between protein intake and total energy intake detected. In this group, no association between 24hr intake net values or within-day intake values were found to be related to body fat percentage. However, the greatest energy balance deficit during the day was strongly inversely associated with lean body mass, indicative of potentially deleterious effects of energy restriction.
35
Chen, Shu Man, and 陳淑滿. "Assessment of body fat percentage by using Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance phase angle analysis." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21830599933704425435.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>應用數學系所<br>105<br>During recent decades, the prevalence of obesity increased drastically, which has become one of the most significant health problems all over the world. The medical cost increases with Body Mass Index (BMI), leading to the burden of national economy. Monitoring body fat percentage has become an important issue.
Methods for measuring body fat percentage include Body Mass Index (BMI), skinfold thickness, underwater weighing, bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Among these methods, BIA has the advantages of being non-invasive, easy to operate, repeatable and highly accurate. The BIA method entails injecting small electric currents of different frequencies into the human body. we can measure the resistance (R) of intracellular and extracellular fluids and the reactance (Xc) of cell membranes. Based on the sampling measurement data published by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2000, this study used R language and statistical tools to conduct correlation coefficient analysis, linear regression analysis and statistical tests with regards to the relationships between the values of R , Xc, PhA, BF%. and BF% . BF% is the body fat percentage measured using DXA. After study and analysis, the following conclusions were reached:
1. As BMI increased, the means of R/H(Ω/m), Xc/H(Ω/m) and the vector length Z/H all decreased. PhA showed a significant positively correlation with BMI ((p<0.01).In relation to males, PhA rised first and then down. Phase angle showed the maximum when BMI was between 25 and 35.As for females, PhA gradually decreased when BMI increased. Phase angle showed the maximum when BMI was greater than or equal to 35.
2. As BF% increased, the means of R/H(Ω/m), Xc/H(Ω/m) and vector length Z/H all decreased. PhA showed a significant negative correlation with BF%((p<0.01). In relation to males, PhA rised first and then down . Phase angle showed the maximum when BF% was between 20 and 25%.As for females, PhA down first and then rised. Phase angle showed the maximum when BF% was less than or equal to 20%.
3. When it came to BMI, there was no distinction between males and females, but there was distinction in age. When it came to BF%, there was a distinction between males and females, but there was no distinction in ageA.
4. Multiple regression is adopted to analyze PhA and there are several variables, including age, gender, height, weight and BF%. The PhA is significant positively correlated with weight (p<0.01) and significant negatively correlated with age, gender, height and BF% (p<0.01). Among all, for age and gender it achieved the best variability explained of to PhA is equal to the that of height and gender to PhA.
36
I-Ting, Huang, and 黃依婷. "Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Anthropometric Indicators and Percentage Body Fat among College Students." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kpsdd8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>體育學系<br>97<br>Abstract
Purposes: To investigate effects of physical activities on anthropometric indicators and percentage body fat among college students. Methods: 128 male (19.39 ± 1.17yr) and 423 female (19.52 ± 1.34 yr) college students completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to record all domains of physical activities (in occupation, transportation, chores, leisure) in the last 7 days. According to the physical activity levels, male and female subjects were separated and divided into five groups (quintile). Anthropometric measurements included BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio. Measurements of weight, %BF, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained via InBody720 multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer. The relations and differences between physical activity levels and obesity indicators were examined by using Pearson product-moment correlation method and one-way analysis of variance. Results: In male, the %BF (19.98, 14.37 % vs. 23.87, 19.47 %) of the two highest quintile groups (Q4, Q5) (3980.46, 6408.73 min-METs/wk) is significantly lower than that of Q1 and Q2 groups (546.60, 1338.28 min-METs/wk). In female, the %BF (28.03, 26.18 % vs. 31.62, 31.59, 30.19 %) of the two highest quintile groups (Q4, Q5) (2566.27, 4656.74 min-METs/wk) is significantly lower than that of the other groups (347.08, 897.54, 1495.98 min-METs/wk). There are significantly negative correlations between physical activity levels and %BF, (r = -0.38~ -0.43). In female, there are significantly negative correlations between physical activity levels and BMI (r = -0.21), and physical activity levels and abdominal obesity indicators (r = -0.15 ~ -0.25), while, in male, there are negative correlations which don’t reach the degree of significance. Conclusions: People who had low physical activity level tended to have higher %BF. Females who had low physical activity level may have higher %BF and reach the obesity level. The effects of physical activity levels on BMI and abdominal obesity in females were more significant than those in males.
Key words: physical activity levels, anthropometric indicators, percentage body
fat, fat-free mass
37
Yang, Jen-Shuo, and 楊仁碩. "Evaluation of Body Fat Percentage with Force-controlled 3D Ultrasound imaging in fatty liver patient." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31164998676392575641.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>醫學工程研究所<br>104<br>The diagnosis of fatty liver (steatosis) is made when fat in the liver exceeds 5% by weight or liver tissue sections have vacuoles fat accumulation more than 10% of the liver cells. Fatty liver (FL) is commonly associated with alcohol or metabolic syndrome (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia), but can also be due to any one of many causes.
Ultrasound (US) B mode image is an alternative method to measure tissue structure and has proven to be an accurate technique to measure subcutaneous fat volume. In this study, We developed the measurement of three-dimensional ultrasound contrast with force-controlled system to measure the volume of representative body regions of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This method can overcome some limitations of the skinfold thickness measurements. The study recruited 40 patient of fatty liver (20 women and 20 men) between the age of 20 and 65 years to measure specific sites of subcutaneous fat volume. However, pressing the transducer onto the skin with too much force will significantly reduce the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. In this study, a force controlled system combined with US transducer was used for 3D subcutaneous fat imaging and reconstruction. Finally, the correlations between body fat percentage and subcutaneous fat in steatosis patients have been investigated. The body fat percentage was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, GE Lunar iDXA canner) , bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA, Omron，HBF-370) and Fibro Scan and compared with each other, we found the abdomen fat volume have accurately predict body fat mass with dual energy X-ray in men (r = 0.93) and the abdomen and thigh fat volume have accurately predict body fat mass with dual energy X-ray in women (r = 0.88). The correlation between body fat percentage and subcutaneous adipose tissue in normal and steatosis patients have been evaluated.
38
Spinneker, Andre [Verfasser]. "Serum lipid status in European adolescents : associations with age, gender, maturity, body mass index, percentage body fat, and fat free mass / von Andre Spinneker." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1005347220/34.
Full text
39
Lin, Ruei-Chih, and 林瑞馳. "The Effect of Body Fat Percentage in High School Students After Muscular Training and Nutritional Education Intervention." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84748861570092046329.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>教育研究所<br>103<br>A procedure is to discuss the effect of body fat percentage in high school students after muscular training and nutritional education. The study is divided into the control （performing nutritional education） group and experiment group （performing both muscular training and nutritional education）. The study also uses questionnaire as research tool to collect the data in terms of nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude and nutritional behavior. The data are analyzed by t-test, Analysis of Covariance, （ANCOVA） and stepwise regression.
The results indicate that both control and experiment groups have significant reduction of mean of body fat percentage（p<0.05）. However, the mean of nutritional knowledge does not reach significant difference. Both group had significant increase in the mean of nutritional attitude. The nutritional behavior, however, only experiment group shows significant difference. The results of ANCOVA showed that only body fat percentage has significant difference in both group. The results of T test showed that both groups have significant differences in body fat percentage and nutritional attitude. The study suggests that giving nutritional education not only improves the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior but also reduces the body fate percentage of high school students.
40
Hsu, Li-Chen, and 徐莉真. "Assessing fat percentage via phase angle and bioelectrical impedance analysis using neural network backpropagation and multiple regression model." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59h27f.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>應用數學系所<br>106<br>The source of this research data is the analysis of sampling data published by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999-2000. It is a research plan to evaluate the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States.
At first, we conducted basic statistics: (1) There were indeed significant differences in the average t test of all variables between men and women. (2) Explore the performance of phase angles. There is a significant difference in racial differences. (3) The box-plot of BMI shows that BMI has gradually increased with age.
Second, the multiple regression analysis and the neural network packpropagation analysis were discussed. The of this model is up to 0.84. If we select 30% (958 pens) of test body fat content and compare it with body fat rate measured by DEXA, the calculated RMSE = 3.61, the average is 29.58, the standard deviation is 8.36, and the variance is consistent. The t test results also show that the average number is the same.
Next, we discuss the vector analysis of bioelectrical impedance. Finally, we compared the raw data multiple regression analysis, normalized data multiple regression analysis, and neural network backpropagetion with body fat rate measured by DEXA. The multiple regression analysis had RMSE=3.61 and neural network backpropagetion RMSE=2.93. Obviously, the RMSE of the neural network backpropagetion is much smaller than the multiple regression analysis. The reduction ratio reaches 18.84%. We can say that the estimation of the neural network backpropagetion is obviously much more accurate than the multiple regression analysis.
41
CHEN, YI-KAI, and 陳依塏. "The Relationship Between Physical Activity and BMI, Body Fat Percentage, Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio in High School Student." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2ra7us.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>體育學系<br>106<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of high school student’s physical activity (PA) and the correlation between PA and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage (%BF). Subjects in this study were 79 senior high school students in Kaohsiung with an average age of 16.88 ± 0.28. There were 44 boys and 35 girls. Subject’s height, weight, WC, hip circumference and skinfold thickness for %BF calculation wer measured. Pedometers were worn on school days for four consecutive days to measure the PA (daily steps). PA (average daily steps) were analyzed by using Independent-Sample T test between genders; Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between PA and BMI, WC, WHR and %BF; and one-way ANOVA was used to explore the difference of BMI, WC, WHR and %BF among different PA groups. Results: There was no significant difference in PA between boys and girls. The average number of steps per day for boys was 8,676 ± 3,005 steps and for girls was 8,020 ± 2,144 steps (p = .28). There was a negative correlation between PA and BMI, WC and %BF (r = -.248, p = .028; r = -.225, p = .047; r = -.258, p = .022, p <.05), and no correlation with WHR (r = -.133, p = .241). The subjects was divided into three groups according to the PA level and found no significant difference in BMI, WC, WHR and %BF (p> .05) among three groups. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in PA between high school boys and girls. PA was negatively correlated with BMI, WC and %BF, and had no significant correlation with WHR. BMI, WC, WHR and %BF had no significant difference among different level of PA groups.
42
Belo, Luís Filipe Barbosa Amado. "Body fat percentage is a major determinant of total bilirubin levels independently of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism in obese children and adolescents." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/74159.
Full text
43
Belo, Luís Filipe Barbosa Amado. "Body fat percentage is a major determinant of total bilirubin levels independently of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism in obese children and adolescents." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/74159.
Full text
44
Farracho, Lúcia Cristina Calisto. "Body composition and bone mineral density in male adults with hyperthyroidism. Which association?" Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24349.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014<br>Hyperthyroidism is associated with reduced Bone Mineral Content and Density (BMC and BMD). Fat and lean masses may also be reduced and may influence the fracture risk, minor in males. Objectives: to study the effects of hyperthyroidism in the body composition and their associations in men. Methods: A group of 46 men aged <50 years old was divided in a hyperthyroidism (n=23) and in a control group (n=23) paired by age and height. The BMC (g) and the BMD (g/cm2), in several body regions, were evaluated by DEXA. Descriptive and comparative tests were used. Statistical significance was considered for P < 0.05. Results: Hyperthyroidism patients have shown reductions in BMC, BMD, T-score, Z-score and lean mass. No statistically significant differences were found in BMI and fat mass between the groups. Correlations statistically significant were found between losses of lean mass, fat mass and body weight with bone quality. Conclusion: In young males with hyperthyroidism there is a significant reduction of BMD and lean mass and a positive relation between lean and fat masses loss with the reduction of mineral bone density. This reduction seems to be correlated and caused by the faster bone turnover and proteolysis enhanced by TSH suppression. The correlations observed may due to the reduction effects in bone turnover of mechanical stress of the body weight and the estrogens effect produced by adypocites. All those results seem increase the risk of osteoporotic fractures, even in young men.<br>O hipertiroidismo associa-se a reduções do Conteúdo e da Densidade Mineral Óssea (CMO e DMO). Pensa-se que as massas gorda e magra poderão também diminuir, aumentando o risco de fratura, embora com menor impacto em homens. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do hipertiroidismo na composição corporal e suas associações em homens. Material e métodos: Um grupo de 46 homens de idade <50 anos foi dividido em dois grupos: hipertiroidismo (n= 23) e controlo (n= 23), emparelhados em idade e altura. O CMO (g/cm2) e a DMO (g/cm2) foram avaliados em diversas regiões corporais, por DEXA. Aplicou-se testes descritivos e comparativos. A significância estatística foi considerada para p <0,05. Resultados: Doentes com hipertiroidismo mostraram diminuição de DMO, CMO, T-score, Z-score e massa magra. Não foram encontrados resultados com significância estatística na massa gorda ou índice de massa corporal (IMC). Correlações estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas entre a perda de massa magra, massa gorda e peso corporal com a qualidade óssea. Conclusões: Em homens jovens com hipertiroidismo verificou-se redução significativa da DMO e da massa magra e uma correlação positiva entre a perda de massa gorda e magra com a diminuição da densidade mineral óssea. As reduções verificadas podem dever-se aos aumentos da remodelação óssea e proteólise, potenciados pela supressão da TSH. As correlações observadas poderão dever-se ao efeito no turnover ósseo causado pela diminuição do stress mecânico do peso do corpo e dos estrogénios produzidos pelos adipócitos. Todos estes resultados parecem aumentar o risco de fraturas osteoporoticas, mesmo em homens jovens.
45
Doubell, Maretha. "Associations between specific measures of adiposity and high blood pressure in black South African women / Maretha Doubell." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15184.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines overweight and obesity as a condition in which an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation exists to an extent in which health and well-being are impaired. The most recent South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES) reported that the prevalence of overweight and obesity, according to body mass index (BMI) classification, in all South African women was significantly higher than in men (24.8% and 39.2% compared to 20.1% and 10.6% for women and men, respectively). Blood pressure is often increased in obese patients and is probably the most common co-morbidity associated with obesity. Currently approximately one third (30.4%) of the adult South African population has hypertension. Hypertension is responsible for a significant percentage of the high rates of cardiovascular disease and stroke in South Africa. Limited South African data are available regarding the agreement between the measures of adiposity, including BMI, waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat (%BF), and the association with high blood pressure. Measures of adiposity were found in previous research to be ethnicity, age and gender specific. Measuring %BF to classify adiposity takes body composition into account and is a more physiological measurement of obesity than BMI.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the agreement between adiposity classified by BMI categories and %BF cut-off points, and the association between the different measures of adiposity and high blood pressure.
Method: A representative sample of black women (n=435), aged 29 years to 65 years from Ikageng in the North West Province of South Africa were included in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. Socio-demographic questionnaires were completed. Pregnancy and HIV tests were performed and those with positive test results or those who declined HIV testing were excluded. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. WC, %BF using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and blood pressure were measured.
Results: The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25.0 kg/m² – 29.9 kg/m²) was 24.4% and obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m²) was 52.4%. High blood pressure was found to be present in more than two thirds of the study participants (68.5%). In this study BMI, WC and %BF as measures of adiposity were significantly correlated. There were significant agreements between combined overweight/obesity that was defined by %BF (≥35.8% 29-45 years; ≥37.7% ≥50 years) and BMI
≥ 25kg/m² (ᵡ²=199.0, p<0.0001; κ=0.68, p<0.0001), and between the presence of high %BF and obesity only, that was defined by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (ᵡ²=129.1, p<0.0001; κ=0.48, p<0.0001). The effect size of the agreement between the WHO BMI category for combined overweight/obesity and %BF cut-off points according to the kappa value of κ=0.68 was substantial (κ range 0.61-0.80). The effect size of the agreement between the WHO BMI category for obesity only and %BF cut-off points according to the kappa value of κ=0.48 was moderate (κ range 0.41-0.60). No association was found between high blood pressure and BMI categorised combined overweight/obesity (ᵡ²=3.19; p=0.74), but a significant association was found between high blood pressure and BMI categorised obesity only (ᵡ²=4.10; p=0.043). A significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of high blood pressure existed in the obesity BMI category (OR=1.52; p=0.045) as opposed to the overweight/obesity BMI category (OR=1.51; p=0.075). There were significant associations between high blood pressure and WC ≥ 80cm (ᵡ²=10.9; p=0.001; OR=2.08; p=0.001), WC ≥ 92cm (ᵡ²=20.1; p<0.0001; OR=1.79; p=0.011) and %BF above the age-specific cut-off points (ᵡ²=6.61; p=0.010; OR=1.70; p=0.011).
Discussion and conclusion: This study found that in a sample of black urban South African women significant agreements existed between adiposity defined by %BF cut-off points for combined overweight/obesity and both WHO BMI categorised combined overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity only (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), respectively. A stronger agreement was found between WHO categorised combined overweight/obesity and %BF. Furthermore, this study concluded that the BMI category according to the WHO cut-off point for overweight/obesity had insufficient sensitivity to detect the presence of high blood pressure, and that the BMI category according to the WHO cut-off point for obesity alone could detect the presence of high blood pressure. The WHO BMI classification for obesity, in contrast to the WHO BMI classification for combined overweight/obesity, is therefore appropriate to classify these black South African women at increased risk for high blood pressure. The WC and %BF cut-off points used which were specific to ethnicity, age and gender, had significant associations with high blood pressure and have good capacity to detect high blood pressure. In this study abdominal obesity as defined by the South African cut-off point of WC ≥ 92 cm had a stronger association with high blood pressure, than the international cut-off point (WC ≥ 80 cm). The South African cut-off point is, therefore, more appropriate to screen black South African women for increased risk for high blood pressure. The study therefore concluded that a stronger agreement was found between WHO categorised combined overweight/obesity and %BF than with obesity only (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). To ensure consistency and accuracy, and to take body composition into consideration, it is recommended that, where possible, in clinical practice the appropriate WC and %BF cut-off points together with BMI categories should be used as
measures of adiposity for diagnosis of overweight and obesity and to screen or detect an increased risk for high blood pressure.<br>MSc (Dietetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
46
De, Albuquerque Veronica. "The relationship between the lumbar lordosis, body fat percentage, lumbar spine range of motion, physical activity level and the incidence of low back pain in females." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8311.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech. (Chiropractic)<br>Purpose: Low back pain affects the general population worldwide. Low back pain is a multi-factorial problem with debate as to the exact aetiology of low back pain. Thus, this study examines the relationship between lumbar spine lordosis, body fat percentage, physical activity level, lumbar spine range of motion and the incidence of low back pain. Method: There was a total of one hundred female participants between and including eighteen and thirty-five years of age. These females were symptomatic or asymptomatic of mechanical low back pain. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were evaluated once. No treatment was administered. Procedure: Subjective responses were acquired through the Visual Analog Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. The objective evaluation included a physical examination and a lumbar spine regional examination. The participant’s height was measured using a stadiometer. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) measured the participant’s weight, water content, lean tissue mass and body fat percentage. BMI was calculated from the weight and height recordings. Range of motion of the lumbar spine was measured with a Digital Inclinometer. A flexi curve ruler molded the lumbar spine lordosis of each participant, which was then traced onto a piece of paper to measure the magnitude of lumbar spine lordosis. Results: A clinical relationship did not exist between a hyperlordotic lumbar spine posture, the incidence of low back pain, body fat percentage and lumbar spine range of motion. A clinical relationship was evident between a hyperlordotic lumbar spine posture and the level of physical activity. Conclusion: Given that a clinical relationship exists between a hyperlordotic lumbar spine posture and the level of physical activity, physical activity specifically exercise to strengthen the abdominal muscles should be included in a treatment protocol to reduce the degree of lumbar spine lordosis if the degree is excessive.
47
Chiu, Yu-Chih, and 邱毓智. "Discrimination of White Adipose Tissue and Brown Adipose Tissue in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Post-Processing Method Development for Determining the Percentage of Water and Fat in the Image." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23655324427645917470.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>化學暨生物化學研究所<br>101<br>In clinical applications, Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool in diagnosis. However, there are still many clinical problems need to be solved. Currently, literature showed that using Breath-hold mutliecho MRI and IDEAL MRI to observe the distribution of adipose tissue and determination the fat percentage. However, MRI is likely to cause errors in judgment, due to the magnetic field, or image contrast or other factors. Therefore, the main purpose of this experiment is combining the basic theory to improve the practical application needs, from the perspective of the basic theory of NMR, using computer simulation tissue signals, measuring experimental phantom and using analysis method to separate the image signal of fat and water. In this study, we simulated tissue signal and using the least squares method and independent component analysis method to analysis the MRI results of experimental phantom.
The results show that using the phase image to analyze the signals on transversal plane makes the signal oscillation caused by resonance frequency shift become more obvious. The imaging results were analyzed by of the least squares method and independent component analysis method to determine the populations of fat and water. Using independent component analysis can separate images of water and fat clearly and obtained the more accurate signals percentage of fat and water.
48
Libá, Martina. "Režimová opatření pro úpravu životního stylu pro osoby se sclerosis multiplex." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341451.
Full textAbstract:
Title: Lifestyle changes to lifestyle modification for people with multiple sclerosis Aim: Designing a program that affects lifestyle, fitness and physiological parameters in subjects of different age and different sex of people who have a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: A literary review to make a summary of knowledge on MS and use of physical activities as opportunities to influence the overall lifestyle of people with MS. Results: The result is an overview of the programs and its evaluation - changes in physiological parameters, condition and subjective feelings. We found that when respecting the state of health programs may be implemented in the long term. Conclusion: The success of interventions depends on collaboration, time availability, but also the respecting of the designed programs of people involved. At the same time, however, assumes that an active lifestyle affects the mental aspect of individuals and their subjective feelings. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, physical condition, subjective feelings, body fat percentage, body water percentage, body weight, muscle dysbalance
49
Lima, Marta Maria Carvalho de Noronha. "Influência do pequeno-almoço no valor percentual de gordura corporal de acordo com o género dos alunos." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25270.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de
Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário<br>O presente relatório visa documentar as vivências práticas e as atividades desenvolvidas
na Escola, através de uma análise crítica e reflexiva de todo o processo.
A prática de ensino supervisionada representa uma etapa inicial na minha formação
pessoal e profissional, onde todas as experiências, vivências, aprendizagens realizadas e
conhecimentos adquiridos fazem parte. Assim, pretende englobar toda a descrição e
reflexão sobre as atividades desenvolvidas e aprendizagens realizadas, face às
expectativas iniciais. Para isso, expus as ocorrências mais importantes e a forma de ter
realizado e avaliado o estágio profissional durante este ano letivo. Foram relatados em
cada um dos momentos os problemas, dúvidas e dificuldades que surgiram, o que levou
a muito trabalho e aprendizagem. Deste modo, as ações de caráter científico-pedagógico
foram analisadas tanto na sua componente teórica, como também na sua concretização a
nível prático e operacional.
O relatório de estágio apresenta, também, um estudo de carater científico onde é
apontada a forte relação entre o número de refeições e a composição corporal. A
obesidade tem vindo a aumentar a sua prevalência de forma evidente em todo o mundo,
tendo sido qualificada como a “Epidemia do Século XXI” (WHO, 2004) e, o consumo
do pequeno-almoço tem sido apontado como um fator importante no equilíbrio
nutricional. Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar a associação entre a toma do
pequeno-almoço no valor percentual de gordura corporal e a sua variação entre géneros.
Para avaliar a ausência da primeira refeição do dia foi utilizado um questionário que
contempla os dados necessários para este estudo. Para a avaliação da composição
corporal dos alunos utilizamos as pregas adiposas. Os resultados obtidos colocam o
género masculino mais vulnerável às consequências da ausência do pequeno-almoço,
verificando-se mais casos de excesso de massa gorda nos rapazes que não tomam o
pequeno-almoço do que nas raparigas.<br>The present report aims to document the practical experiences and the activities
developed in school, through a critical and reflective analysis of all process.
The supervised teaching represents the initial stage of my personal and professional
formation, where all experiences, learning and acquired knowledge are part. Thereby, it
intends to include all description and reflection on developed activities and learning
accomplished facing the initial expectations. Therefore, I brought forward the major
events as well as the way I accomplished and evaluated the Professional Practicum
during the present academic year. It was reported the issues, doubts and difficulties of
all moments which lead to hard work and learning. Thus, the Pedagogical-Scientific
actions were analyzed as well by its theoretical component as by its practical and
operational concretion.
The Practicum Report also presents a scientific character study where is pointed the
strong relation between the number of taken meals and corporal composition. The rising
of obesity's clear prevalence all over the world has been qualified as the "XXI Century
Epidemics" (WHO 2004) and the breakfast consumption is being appointed as an
important factor in nutrition equilibrium. This study’s objective is to assess the
relationship between breakfast taken and corporal composition, specifically in corporal
fat percentage variation with gender. To evaluate the habit or absence of breakfast in
first meal, it was used a Physical Education survey which contemplates the needed data
for this study. For students’ corporal composition assessment, it was used skin-folds
measure. The results showed male gander presented more relevant effects in corporal fat
percentage with breakfast absence. It was seen more cases of body fat excess in boys
that have breakfast than in girls.
50
Švecová, Martina. "Vybrané auxologické aspekty menarche." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321046.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis aims to analyze some auxological aspects of menarche in a sample of peripubertal school-aged Prague girls. Sample PRAHA 2012 consists of 293 girls from Prague within the age ranging from 11,00 - 14,99 years. Ascertained median age of menarche 12,4 years is significantly lower (p = 0,0004) than median of Prague population - 13,04 years, respectively lower than median age of menarche of Czech population - 13,00 years according to data from the last national anthropological survey (CAV 2001). Our investigation suggests a "break off" in long-term stagnation age of menarche (minus 0,6 year) at least in a urban population in Czech Republic. According to our findings deceleration age of menarche wasn't accompanied by increase of average body height or other nutritional characteristics (body weight, BMI, arm circumference, thickness of skinfolds) in comparison with actual pediatrics standards. Though, there is a clearly evidence that participant's body composition affected age of menarche. A comparison of premenarcheal (n = 139) and postmenarcheal (n = 154) girls of the same age showed statistically significant elevated values in body weight (42,5 kg, 47,6 kg vs 56,3 kg, 54,1 kg), BMI (17,6 kg/mš, 18,3kg/mš vs 21,3 kg/mš, 20,7 kg/mš) and percentage of body fat (19,4%, 19,7% vs 24,5% a 23,1%) at...