Academic literature on the topic 'Fat Phobia Scale'

Although gastrointestinal and other somatic symptoms are common in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and a growing cross-national literature indicates that not all anorexic patients exhibit the core diagnostic symptom of fat phobia, the relationship between somatic symptoms and anorexic illness remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) in Chinese patients with fat phobic (FP) and nonfat phobic (NFP) anorexia nervosa. A total of 113 FP- and 28 NFP-AN outpatients underwent standardized clinical assessment and completed a new 8-item GD scale and other psychopathological measures. A majority (79.4%) of AN patients reported at least some gastrointestinal complaints on the GD scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78). FP-AN patients scored significantly higher than NFP-AN patients. The FP-AN with high GD group reported a higher level of specific and general psychopathology than the FP- and NFP-AN with low GD groups. Contrary to expectations, gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in FP-AN than NFP-AN patients. FP-AN with high GD was more severe than FP- and NFP-AN with low GD. The current fat phobic conceptualization of the anorexic illness may overlook its phenomenologic heterogeneity and reify a dichotomy that is inconsistent with patients’ varied experience of food restriction.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate particular psychosocial predictors of obesity bias in prehealth professionals, which include the internalization of athletic and general body ideals, perceived media pressure and information, and achievement goal orientations. Exercise science undergraduate students ( n = 242) filled out a survey containing questions of demographic characteristics, achievement goals, social-cultural attitudes toward appearance (using Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3), and obesity bias measurements (using the antifat attitudes test and fat phobia scale). The results indicated that students were explicitly biased toward overweight and obese individuals, held had high task and ego goals, and had high internalization of an athletic body type ideal, as determined by mean scores being above the median values for each scale. Internalization of the athletic body type predicted obesity bias for fat phobia, weight control blame, and physical/romantic attractiveness. In conclusion, exercise science students may enter programs socialized from society and sport, and, potentially, these psychosocial attitudes and beliefs may have implications to working with future clients, especially for those of the general population and those whose body shape and size are different than themselves.

Abstract Background Stigmatization and discrimination of people with obesity due to their weight are a common problem that may lead to additional weight gain. This study evaluated the influence of different parameters on the stigmatization of obesity. Material and Methods Participants of six groups (general population, patients with obesity, medical students, physicians, nurses in training and nurses; n = 490) answered the short-form fat phobia scale (FPS) between August 2016 and July 2017. The influence of body mass index (BMI), gender and other factors on total scores and single adjective pairs was analyzed. Results A total of 490 participants were evaluated. The total mean FPS rating was 3.5 ± 0.6. FPS was significantly lower (more positive) in participants with obesity (3.2 ± 0.7) compared with participants without obesity (3.5 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Individuals with obesity and diabetes rated the FPS significantly lower (more positive), whereas age and gender did not have a significant influence. Participants with obesity linked obesity more often with good self-control (p < 0.001), being shapely (p = 0.002), industrious (p < 0.001), attractive (p < 0.001), active (p < 0.001), self-sacrificing (p < 0.001) and having more willpower (p < 0.001) than the participants without obesity. Females rated more positive in shapely versus shapeless (p = 0.038) and attractive versus non-attractive (p < 0.001) than males. Conclusions The present study shows that stigmatization of obesity is present in medical professionals as well as the general population. People affected by obesity characterized other people with obesity more positively (e.g. attractive or active), whereas people without obesity linked negative characteristics with obesity. Gender had an influence only on single items of FPS but did not affect overall stigmatization of obesity.

AbstractThe concept of anxiety as a distinct comorbid disorder in schizophrenia has recently been rediscovered after having been neglected for a long period of time due to both theoretical and clinical approaches adopted from the appearance of the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1950. This rediscovery was accentuated by the fact that the concept of comorbidity in various psychiatric disorders has recently won widespread favor within the scientific community, and that the use of atypical neuroleptic medication to treat patients with schizophrenia has been reported to lead to the emergence of anxiety symptoms. Of the atypical neuroleptic medications used to treat schizophrenia, clozapine has most frequently been reported to induce anxiety symptoms. In this paper, 12 cases of patients with paranoid schizophrenia who developed social phobia during clozapine treatment are reported, and their response to fluoxetine augmentation is assessed. Premorbid personality disorders were also investigated; patients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R—Patient Version and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (DSM-III-R=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised; DSM-IV=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition). In addition, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Frankfurt Beschwerde Fragebogen (Frankfurt Questionnaire of Complaints), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were used to rate clinical symptomatology. All patients were reevaluated after 12 weeks of cotreatment with clozapine and fluoxetine. In 8 (66.6%) of the 12 cases, symptoms responded (≥35% LSAS score reduction) to an adjunctive regimen of fluoxetine. Furthermore, in 7 (58.3%) of the 12 cases, an anxious personality disorder (avoidant=33.3%; dependent=25%) was identified, but no significant differences in the prevalence of comorbid personality disorders emerged in comparison with a group of 16 patients with paranoid schizophrenia treated with clozapine who did not show symptoms of social phobia. The clinical relevance of the assessment and treatment of anxiety disorders is discussed in light of a clinical therapeutic approach that overcomes the implicit hierarchy of classification. Considering that the onset of anxiety-spectrum disorders (such as social phobia) can occur during the remission of psychotic symptoms in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia, a comprehensive approach to pharmacological therapy for patients with schizophrenia (or, at least for those treated with clozapine) should be adopted.

The aim of the study: the development of a comprehensive system of psychotherapy and psychocorrection of anxiety disorders of neurotic case, based on the study of their clinical structure and peculiarities of emotional damages.MethodologiesSpielberger, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the study of accentuation of personality by K. Leonhard.Scope and contributing researchOne hundred patients with diagnostic categories: F41.0 – Panic disorder (episodic paroxysmal anxiety, F41.1 – Generalized anxiety disorder, F41.2 – mixed anxiety-depressive disorder who are on the examination and treatment at the psychiatric unit. A control group included 40 patients.We performed the exploration of the peculiarities of clinical anxiety and patterns of therapeutic effect, based on the influence of short-term group and individual psychotherapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders, and evaluation the effectiveness of its recognition.The development of the methodology of applying a short-term group and individual psychotherapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders based on combination relaxation, hypnosis, cognitive-behavioral techniques in combination on with short-term group therapy.In fact, this is a new real model psychotherapy based on integrative principles. The high efficacy was shown in 82% patients, compared with 54% efficacy in control group patients.We will offer a new comprehensive methodology in the treatment of anxiety disorders of neurotic case that will improve the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment process, reduce the time of treatment, reduce the period of drug therapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV), fear of flying is a specific situational phobia, but it has a heterogeneous character because it can be influenced by many other fears. Attention toward (monitoring) or away from (blunting) threatening information is influenced by people’s control of voluntary attention. In our online questionnaire study, 9,166 subjects (age 17–70 years) were selected for participation. The Flight Anxiety Modality (FAM) questionnaire and Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS) were used to measure fear of flying and behavioral style. Also, demographic information was collected. Women reported a higher FAM sum score than men, as predicted. Participants who scored higher on the MBSS were found to have also scored higher on the FAM. Participants who had never flown before scored higher on the FAM than participants who had flown before. In this sample, monitoring can be associated with an increase in fear of flying. Future research should focus on gaining a more multicultural picture of fear of flying.

Logical reason for research. Relevance of the presented topic is determined by the fact that with the help of knowledge gained in the field of inter-scientific interaction, it is possible to obtain new research results on both, traditional and new issues of musicology. In vocal music, which combines musical and extra-musical factors, there are a number of its own “eternal questions”, one of which is the interaction of the word and music. There is no definite answer to the question of what is the leading in the vocal art – a word or music, each time this is decided individually within the framework of a certain genre and style. But there is always a certain verbal “programming” of a vocal composition with the text. One of the serious and complex concepts associated with a textual basis is the “narrative”, and the study of the effect of the narrative in the musical art requires a special attention in both theoretical and practical directions. Innovation. The article is devoted to considering a narrative in the vocal music in the genre aspect. The narrative nature is understood as a narrative orientation associated with a certain emotional content; at the same time, the narrative is characterized, on the one hand, as a factor of the verbal text of a vocal composition (the extra-musical component), and, on the other hand, as a factor of a single whole vocal composition (the musical component). From the point of view of its implementation, the narrative in vocal music has two main functions – the composer’s one and the performer’s one, which in its own way manifests itself in various vocal genres. The most striking of the narrative vocal genres in vocal music are the opera and the ballad. In the opera, the narrative has a more complex synthetic nature in connection with the interaction of various types of art (music, literature, theatre). In the chamber-vocal genre of the ballad, the narrative side is presented more revealingly and is more closely associated with the verbal text (which is due to the literary origin of the genre). The purpose of the present study is to identify the specifics of the narrative in vocal music in the genre aspect. The main methods of the presented research are the genre one and the functional one. The genre method is necessary to characterize vocal genres in connection with the chosen perspective for studying the meaning and the effect of the narrative in vocal music. The functional method allows one to determine the peculiar features of the interaction of the extra-musical narrative and music in the conditions of various vocal genres. The research results. The directions of the interaction of words and music in the vocal art are diverse: this can be their interaction in a concrete composition through the prism of the style (of the performer, the composer, and the historical epoch); the features of the composer interpretation of the verbal text; the intonation and phonic patterns associated, for example, with a specific national source, and much more. The verbal text as a guideline, already being coloured emotionally, is representing, in fact, a kind of narration. As it is known widely in the field of philosophy and psychology, the narrative is a statement of interrelated events presented in the form of the sequence of words or images. Sometimes the meaning of the term “narrative” coincides with the words “narration”, “story”; but there are other meanings (for example, as a “psychological attitude”). In music, these two meanings, “narrative” and “psychological attitude”, interact, as a result, within the framework of certain vocal genres the individual creative decisions born. The main feature of a narrative composition is the presence of a mediator between the author and the world of narrative (Schmid, V., 2008). This is especially important for understanding the specifics of the manifestation of the narrative nature in music, where there is such a “mediator”. In vocal music there are other signs of narrative, understood as the quality of the verbal text itself, because the genres of vocal music are quite diverse in scale and objectives – from the opera to the vocal miniature. The narrative qualities are primarily possessed by those texts that describe the figurative and emotional situation from a third person, a storyteller. In vocal music, this applies primarily to genres with the leading literary and the vivid plot beginning – these are musical and theatrical compositions (an opera), as well as the chamber-vocal genre of a ballad. The narrative qualities of the musical component can manifest themselves in different ways – both, on permanent basis, to enhance the emotional effect, and in opposition, for a contrasting juxtaposition and creating a dramaturgy layering and volume. The musical accompaniment often “deciphers” for the listener that emotional, figurative, plot subtext that is partially absent in the literary text, according to the laws of the narrative nature. The tasks of the vocalist as an interpreter of compositions of the narrative genres are the ownership of the special complex of performing techniques related to the need to identify the entire figurative potential, which is embedded in the vocal composition (both in the text part and in the music one), as well as in its presentation to the listener in an individual performing version. With this, each genre possesses with its own specifics. An opera is a genre where the musical and literary art interacts with the theatrical art. The chamber-vocal genre of a ballad has its own characteristics, the main of which the narrative nature is. Conclusions. The narrative nature in the art of music is primarily associated with its extra-musical source. Both literary criticism and psychology study the narration, since the narrative as a story-telling is characterized by an emotional attitude, which is dictated from the outside to the one to whom the narrative is directed. Since the text (the word) is also used in vocal music, it is possible and necessary to talk about the existence of the narrative in music with all the specifics of its action. In vocal music, one can distinguish genres where the word text contains the narrative to a greater extent, which determines the specifics of the genre. This is the opera, but there the narrative is associated not only with the literary, but also with the theatrical factor. A more revealing vocal genre in the aspect of the narrative nature is such a genre of the chamber-vocal music as the ballad. The prospects for the study of the narration in the musical art are associated both, with the interaction of the musical and extra-musical principles and the issues of musical interpretation, which the performing musicology considers. Since the narrative prepossess a mediator between its source and the recipient, and in the musical art there is also a mediator between the author (the composer) and the listener.

Obesity has been recognised as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, with more than one billion adults worldwide who are overweight, of which approximately 300 million are obese. Obesity puts an individual in danger of a shorter life expectancy and at risk for developing chronic diseases of life style, which includediabetes, cardio vascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis and back pain. Wide spread negative attitudes towards obese people have been observed which are equally prevalent among health care professionals. This study was based on the need to determine the knowledge and attitudes towards obese people among physiotherapy students, as they are well suited to address theintricacies of obesity and its related conditions. One hundred and seventy five students from a university in the Western Cape, South Africa, completed a structured, self-administered questionnaire that was adopted from the Obesity Risk Knowledge and Fat Phobia Scale. The study sample demonstrated average levels of knowledge regarding obesity with scores ranging from 3 to 9 on a scale of 10 with a mean score of 6.05. A n overwhelming majority of the participants(> 80%) viewed obesity as largely a behavioural problem while nearly all the participants (97.6%) characterised obese people as lazy, unattractive, insecure and with lower self-esteem. This study has reinforced the need for a morefocussed approach to the education of physiotherapy students around obesity and obesity-related conditions, as well asthe management thereof.

Övervikt blir ett allt större problem världen över,där antalet personer med övervikt eller fetma ständigt ökar. Samtidigt har det visats att negativa attityder och fördomar mot överviktigapersonerfinns i alla delar av samhället, inklusive inom vården. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att med hjälp av Fat PhobiaScale undersöka om dessa attitydertill övervikt finns även hos sjuksköterskestudenter och civilingenjörsstudenter vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Enkäter skickades per e–post till 200 studenter av vilka 90svarade. Resultaten analyserades med enfaktoriell ANOVA,där utbildningsprogram, deltagarens BMI (Body Mass Index) och kön var faktorer,och poäng på Fat Phobia Scale var beroendevariabeln. Ingen effekt erhölls för någon faktor. Nivåerna hos fördomsfullhet låg på en måttlig nivå. Resultatentolkas som att negativ attityd till överviktiga inte är ett problem bland studenter vid Luleå tekniska universitet.

Computer-phobic university students are easy to find today especially when it come to taking online courses. Affect has been shown to influence users’ perceptions of computers. Although self-reported computer anxiety has declined in the past decade, it continues to be a significant issue in higher education and online courses. More importantly, anxiety seems to be a critical variable in relation to student perceptions of online courses. A substantial amount of work has been done on computer anxiety and affect. In fact, the technology acceptance model (TAM) has been extensively used for such studies where affect and anxiety were considered as antecedents to perceived ease of use. However, few, if any, have investigated the interplay between the two constructs as they influence perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness towards using online systems for learning. In this study, the effects of affect and anxiety (together and alone) on perceptions of an online learning system are investigated. Results demonstrate the interplay that exists between affect and anxiety and their moderating roles on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Interestingly, the results seem to suggest that affect and anxiety may exist simultaneously as two weights on each side of the TAM scale.