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1
Greene, John Robert. "First Fathers: The Men who Inspired Our Presidents." History: Reviews of New Books 33, no. 1 (January 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2004.10526360.
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Betzig, Laura, and Samantha Weber. "Presidents Preferred Sons." Politics and the Life Sciences 14, no. 1 (February 1995): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400011771.
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Trivers and Willard (1973) argued that, in polygynous species, parents “in good condition” should bias investment toward sons, while parents “in poor condition” should bias investment toward daughters. Biographical evidence on men in the U.S. executive branch—including presidents, vice presidents, and cabinet secretaries—suggests they produced more sons than daughters in the first cohort (Presidents Washington through Garfield), but roughly equal numbers of sons and daughters in the second cohort (Presidents Arthur through Reagan). The same pattern holds for presidents' fathers and sons. Presidents' wills reflect the pattern again: men in the first cohort (Washington through Garfield) favored their sons, overall, slightly more than their daughters; for men in the second cohort (Arthur through Reagan), that bias disappears.
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Bailey, Mandy, and Alissa T. Warters. "The Relationship between Presidential Approval and Media Coverage of First Families: A Content Analysis, 1960-2004." American Review of Politics 28 (November 1, 2007): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2007.28.0.229-247.
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Presidential popularity is often considered a political resource. As a result, polls regularly address presidential approval. Using a content analysis of newspaper articles from the beginning of the Kennedy administration through the conclusion of the first George W. Bush administration, this study examines the relationship between first ladies and first children and presidential approval. Our findings suggest that presidents and first ladies are not necessarily evaluated independently of each other and that the media coverage of presidential children can be both political assets and liabilities to their fathers. Our study, therefore, establishes a foundation and need for future studies pertaining to individuals with close ties to the president.
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Stylianidis, E. "CIPA - Heritage Documentation: 50 Years: Looking Backwards." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W14 (September 11, 2019): 1–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w14-1-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The ICOMOS-ISPRS Scientific Committee, CIPA-Heritage Documentation is proud to present this publication in the occasion of its 50th birthday.</p><p>Our intention with this publication is to look backwards at the achievements of CIPA while at the same time to look ahead the future of cultural heritage documentation.</p><p>The publication begins with the introductory messages from the Presidents of CIPA, ISPRS and ICOMOS respectively. The first contribution concerns the future of cultural heritage documentation, with respect to the editor’s perspective. Andreas Georgopoulos, current CIPA President (2015–2019) discusses the CIPA slides on architectural photogrammetry and the application of contemporary technologies from its early years. Peter Waldhäusl, past and honorary President of CIPA, writes on the foundation and fundamentals of CIPA in memory of Maurice Carbonnell (1923–2015) and Hans Foramitti (1923–1982), the so-called “fathers of CIPA”. Ross Dallas, an honorary committee member of CIPA, is looking backwards to the late 80s to share some personal thoughts. Bill Blake also is looking towards the history of CIPA and the English Heritage Metric Survey Publication Programme 2000–2009. The publication concludes with the contribution of Fulvio Rinaudo, concerning two CIPA initiatives, the "O. Wagner Pavillon Test" and the "RecorDIM Initiative".</p>
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Antwi, Paul, Peter Mwinwelle, Ishmael Duah, and Ernest Mensah Solomon. "Eulogising the Dead: A Systemic Functional Exploration of Tributes Delivered by Ghanaian Presidents." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 6, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v6i2.125.
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Presidents are considered as caring and sensitive fathers of their nations whose words of condolences are usually needed in times of grief. One medium through which they express their condolences is through the delivery of tributes to eulogize the dead and sympathize with bereaved families. There is therefore the need to examine how presidents employ the faculties of language to eulogize the dead in their tributes. Premised on the transitivity framework postulated by Halliday and Matthiessen, the present study investigates the use of transitivity patterns in Ghanaian presidential tributes to unearth various experiences and also unveil the implicit relationships that exist between politicians and traditional rulers. The sample for the study is composed of four tributes delivered by Akuffo Addo, Mahama, Kufour and Rawlings to the late Queen Mother of the Ashanti Kingdom, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Apem II. The data were manually coded using the consensual coding strategy. The results indicate a preponderant use of relational processes to identify the unique qualities possessed by the late Queen Mother which further unveil the varied relationships between her and the presidents. Other process types such as material, mental, verbal and behavioural processes are used to construe the positive actions carried out by the late Queen Mother during her lifetime, activate the minds and emotions of mourners and sympathizers regarding the loss, posthumously project the late Queen Mother as a legend who needs to be modelled after and present a collective purgation of emotions of pain and agony. The study concludes that, despite the apolitical status of traditional rulers, they still have a latent but cordial relationship with politicians.
Citation:Mwinwelle, P., Duah, I. and Ernest Mensah, S. (2021). Eulogising the Dead: A Systemic Functional Exploration of Tributes Delivered by Ghanaian Presidents. International Journal of Technology and Management Research (IJTMR), Vol. 6 (2): Pp.38-58.
Received: April 15, 2020Accepted: September 1, 2021
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Foster, Dennis A. "J. G. Ballard's Empire of the Senses: Perversion and the Failure of Authority." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 108, no. 3 (May 1993): 519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/462619.
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Ballard's novels return repeatedly to some scene of trauma to explore the perverse effects that derive from that moment. This essay focuses on three novels. Crash (1973) is most obsessively concerned with the erotics of violence and injury, while Empire of the Sun (1985) and Running Wild (1989) locate the traumatic events in childhood. What Ballard finds is a failure of the representatives of authority (fathers, kings, capital) to found a reliable world, leading children to cling to the often horrible satisfactions of some early experience. The results in Ballard's world include mixtures of masochism and advertising, middle-class terrorism and the fetishization of presidents, war and ecstasy. And what might once have appeared a wild aberration, a violent exercise of the death drive in the pursuit of enjoyment, becomes a way of life. (DAF)
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Ross, Robert E. "The Presidents and the Constitution, Vol. One: From the Founding Fathers to the Progressive Era ed. by Ken Gormley." Journal of the Early Republic 42, no. 3 (September 2022): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0065.
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Wruble, Steve. "Trump’s Daddy Issues Continue to Take a Toll." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167820916577.
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The Chapter I contributed to the book The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump, called “Trump’s Daddy Issues—A Toxic Mix for America,” compared my relationship with my powerful father to Trump’s relationship with his and how it has effected our identity formation and behavior. The piece also exposed the difficulties I have had dealing with my Orthodox Jewish father’s support of Donald Trump’s presidency and the continued impact it has had on our already strained relationship. I offer how my father and I navigate the murky waters through which most fathers and sons, including the Trumps, must travel in the quest for each individual’s striving for identity. Just as there is a price to pay in my family as my father and I work through our unique issues, so too do the effects of the toxic relationship between Donald and his father. The difference is that with the Trumps, there is the risk of a much larger toll on innocent bystanders.
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Zábranský, Lukáš. "Linguistic Image of Death (LID): The Representation of President Emil Hácha’s Death in the Czech Press of the Period." tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs, no. 16 (2022) (December 15, 2022): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/tid.16.2022.17.
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This paper explores the linguistic image of death (LID) of President Emil Hácha in selected Czech newspapers published in June and July 1945 (in Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo). The author verifies certain methods of cognitive linguistics studying the linguistic image of the world in articles thematically related to the passing of this representative of Czech national politics and his funeral. The following aspects are considered to be important: conceptual metaphors, the opposition of I versus the other, and the study of stereotypes and political ethics (conservative versus progressive: the model of the strict father morality versus the model of a caretaker). Before analysing president Hácha's LID, the author tries to place the president's death in a broader context, summarizing characteristic features of LID of imminent Czechoslovak presidents who governed the country in politically critical periods of its history: of T. G. Masaryk and E. Beneš.
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Nessim, Maurice. "President's Page." Leading Edge 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39110772.1.
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I am honored and eager to serve as the 90th SEG president. As I undertake this great responsibility, I am fully aware that I am standing on the shoulders of those presidents who served before me — all of them the visionaries, entrepreneurs, and intellectual foundations of the applied-geophysics industry. Alan Kay, credited as the father of mobile computing, is often quoted as saying, “The best way to predict the future is to invent it.” As 2020–2021 SEG president, I commit to proactively support the difficult decisions necessary to maintain SEG’s legacy of excellence in applied geophysics and to invent an even more dynamic and relevant SEG for the future. Clearly, these times call for us all to be brave and proactive.
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C., T. E. "ON THE EDUCATION OF HENRY ADAMS." Pediatrics 84, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.4.625.
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Henry Adams (1838-1918), grandson of President John Quincy Adams and great-grandson of President John Adams, in his privately-printed The Education of Henry Adams describes his father's way of educating and amusing young Henry as follows: By way of educating and amusing the children, Mr. Adams read much aloud, and was sure to read political literature, especially when it was satirical, like the speeches of Horace Mann and the Epistles of Hosea Biglow, with great delight to the youth. So he read Longfellow and Tennyson as their poems appeared, but the children took possession of Dickens and Thackeray for themselves. Both were too modern for tastes founded on Pope and Dr. Johnson. The boy Henry soon became a desultory reader of every book he found readable, but these were commonly eighteenth-century historians because his father's library was full of them. In the want of positive instincts, he drifted into the mental indolence of history. So, too, he read shelves of eighteenth-century poetry, but when his father offered his own set of Wordsworth as a gift on condition of reading it through, he declined. Pope and Gray called on no mental effort; they were easy reading; but the boy was thirty years old before his education reached Wordsworth.
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Gillies, Jamie. "Two Legacies, Two Presidents, Father and Son." International Studies Review 16, no. 4 (December 2014): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12168.
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Susanto, Mikke, and Irwandi Irwandi. "Sejarah dan Makna Fotografi Karya Pelukis Istana, Dullah." Rekam 16, no. 1 (June 8, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v16i1.3847.
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History and Meaning of Photography of a Palace Painter, Dullah. The existence of Dullah the painter is equal with other famous painters, such as Affandi, Basoeki Abdullah, S. Soedjojono and Hendra Gunawan. In 1950 to 1960, he was appointed by President Sukarno as a palace painter. Apart from painting, he also liked to take pictures. His object was around his work as a palace painter and President Sukarno's figure. Reviewed from the historical approach and the meaning explored in it, the photos have an interesting connection. Those photos hold important narratives, especially in the field of history for the Indonesian people. Dullah's photography was able to record the life of President Sukarno while at the palace and outside the presidential palace. The photos clearly illustrate the human side of Sukarno, as a father, a leader, and an art lover. By knowing the connection,, photographs of Dullah's work need to be socialized to the public and can be used as a means of national education for Indonesia, especially for prospective leaders. ABSTRAKEksistensi pelukis Dullah sejajar dengan pelukis ternama lain, seperti Affandi, Basoeki Abdullah, S. Soedjojono, dan Hendra Gunawan. Pada tahun 1950 hingga 1960, ia ditunjuk Presiden Sukarno sebagai pelukis istana. Selain melukis, ia juga hobi memotret dengan objek sekitar pekerjaannya sebagai pelukis istana dan figur Presiden Sukarno. Setelah dikaji dari pendekatan sejarah dan digali makna di dalamnya, foto-foto tersebut memiliki simpul menarik. Foto-foto tersebut menyimpan narasi penting, khususnya dalam bidang sejarah bagi bangsa Indonesia. Fotografi Dullah mampu merekam kehidupan Presiden Sukarno pada saat di istana dan di luar istana presiden. Sisi kemanusiaan Sukarno digambarkan dalam foto-foto tersebut, baik sebagai ayah, pemimpin, maupun penyuka seni. Dengan mengetahui simpul tersebut, foto-foto karya Dullah ini perlu disosialisasikan kepada publik dan dapat digunakan sebagai sarana pendidikan kebangsaan bagi Indonesia, terutama bagi para calon pemimpin.
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Malužinas, Martinas. "Opozycyjna działalność polityczna prezydenta Antanasa Smetony w latach 1920–1926." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, no. 13 (November 25, 2020): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-13.3.
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Antanas Smetona was the father of Lithuania’s independence, a journalist, lawyer, politician, but also Lithuania’s dictator. He is considered an architect of the country’s authoritarian and fascist regime and at the same time was a fugitive who fled the country at a decisive moment. Due to the lack of scientific publications in Polish scientific discourse, my aim is to present oppositional actions of Lithuania’s first president (during the years 1920–1926) as well as to explore new aspects of his political thought/ideology.
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Basak, Jayasri, Deboshree Majumdar, Soma Mukhopadhyay, Swati Dasgupta, Priyabrata Das, Nabamita Pal, Subhasish Dey, and Ashis Mukhopadhyay. "Population Screening for Thalassemia In West Bengal with a Goal to Make Zero Thalassmia Growth." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 5175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.5175.5175.
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Abstract Abstract 5175 Background: India is in the Thalassemia belt of the world. Presently prevalence of Thalassemia carrier in India is 3.7% of its total population. Annual increment of Thalassemia carrier is 50,000. Both Alpha and Beta Thalassemia are found in West Bengal, a state in Eastern part of India. Beta Thalassemia is most common in West Bengal. Annual Increment of beta carrier is 2000–2500. With a motivation to make zero Thalassemia growth in West Bengal we started this program in 2005 taking Cyprus as an example. We regularly arranged camps in different districts and rural areas of West Bengal. To aware the general people seminars on Thalassemia were organized. Usually we took help from Principals of colleges & schools, Presidents of club, Gram Pradhans, Priests, Fathers & Celebrities etc. Materials & Methods: Duration of this screening study is from January 2005 to July 2010. Interested people came for thalassemia screening irrespective of cast & creed. Screening procedure consisted of the following steps. NESTROF test for all individuals was done on the spot which was followed by CBC and HPLC, done in the Laboratory. Finally to reveal different mutations in b globin gene and deletions in alpha globin gene, ARMS-PCR and gap PCR were performed respectively with the DNA of the suspected individuals. Result: For thalassemia carrier screening we had organized 122 camps in different rural as well as urban areas of West Bengal from January 2005 to July 2010. Total number of individuals screened is 29,350 (Male: 18197, Female: 11153). 24% individuals were found positive from NESTROF test and 28% has doubtful CBC. NESTROF positive and doubtful CBC samples were undergone HPLC test. Finally, 13% individuals were found beta carrier. In two camps at north Bengal we have collected about 278 samples having positive NESTROFT value and having abnormal CBC values (MCV < 80 fl, MCH< 27 pg, MCHC > 30 g/dl, RDW > 13%) were tested for HPLC. HbA2 values were found in the normal range. DNA analysis by gap PCR revealed that approximately 47% of them are alpha Thalassemia carrier, 32% having 3.7 kb deletion, 11% having 4.2 kb deletion and 4% other deletions. Conclusion: As the percentage of thalassemia carrier in West Bengal is very high we have to take concrete steps to control the disease from the Government level. From our part we are screening the boys and girls at marriageable age and advising them not to marry between two carriers. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Benziman, Galia. "Author, Father, President: Paul Auster’s Figures of Invisibility." Canadian Review of American Studies 43, no. 3 (January 2013): 462–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras.2013.021.
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Fatimatuzzahra, Novia, and Dian Suluh Kusuma Dewi. "The Pattern of Joko Widodo's Political Dynasty Practices." Journal of Local Government Issues 4, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/logos.v4i1.15407.
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The political steps of President Joko Widodo's son (Gibran) and son-in-law (Bobby Nasution) have become the spotlight and a warm conversation in almost all levels of Indonesian society, especially in online media. This candidacy received many public responses because it was considered an excellent fit to take advantage of their father, Joko Widodo, which led to dynastic politics during the presidency. This research aims to discuss how the media discusses the patterns of political dynasties in Indonesia, especially in the era of Joko Widodo's leadership. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to determine the nomination of Gibran and Bobby, who are suspected of being a political dynasty through online media. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collected through data mining is carried out with the NVIVO 12 Plus NCapture feature from local and foreign online news portals. The data is processed using NVIVO 12 Plus using manual coding with a qualitative approach and cross-tabulation method. This research indicates Jokowi's involvement in using his capacity as president in Gibran and Bobby's nomination in the 2020 Regional Election. The controversy that has arisen shows the public's negative perception of political dynasties.
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Katz, Howard E. "Card from the President: Happy Mother's and Father's Day!" MRS Bulletin 29, no. 5 (May 2004): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.85.
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Weaver, Jessica Dixon. "THE FIRST FATHER: PERSPECTIVES ON THE PRESIDENT'S FATHERHOOD INITIATIVE*." Family Court Review 50, no. 2 (April 2012): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2012.01453.x.
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Alentieva, Tatiana. "Visual Propaganda in the American Civil War of 1861–1865." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.2.2.
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Introduction. The article analyzes visual propaganda during the American Civil War, its goals, methods, and means for both belligerents. The problem is relevant in connection with modern information wars and is insufficiently studied in American and Russian historiography. Methods and materials. The research is based on historicism, objectivity, consistency, dialectical approach, philosophical and sociological theories that study the nature of social consciousness and the factors that influence it, namely the theory of C. Jung on the collective unconscious and archetypal images, the theory of social constructionism by P. Berger and N. Luckmann, the achievements of imagology and discursive analysis. The sources for the study were visual materials: posters, drawings, paintings, cartoons, photographs of the Civil War in the United States, placed in open access on the World Wide Web, published in illustrated periodicals: Harper’s Weekly, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated, Vanity Fair, The Southern Illustrated News, presented in book publications. Analysis. During the American Civil War, the country was split between northerners, supporters of the Union, and southerners who fought for the independence of the Confederate States. In the conditions of a military conflict, visual propaganda turned out to be most popular and effective. Its goal was to convince the warring parties of the rightness of their own cause, to mobilize society on achieving victory. In the North, the image of the enemy – “Johnny the rebel” – was constructed in order to incite hatred towards the southerners. In the South, the image of the “damned Yankee” was created. Both northern and southern visual propaganda relied on time-tested images (the image of the motherland, the warrior-defender, home and family), as well as on the collective unconscious and archetypes of consciousness associated with religious views and historical roots, used a variety of tools, techniques and methods. The most powerful means of influence were the traditions of the War of Independence, the legacy of the Founding Fathers. The use of national symbols was characteristic: Union and Confederate flags, images of presidents and military leaders. The most common means of visual propaganda were posters and leaflets, postal envelopes, banknotes decorated with patriotic symbols. Drawings and cartoons were an important means of mobilizing the population. They were placed in illustrated newspapers and magazines, and were also printed separately in the form of engravings and lithographs. Visual propaganda played on emotions, it was built on the opposition of “friend/ foe”, depicting its supporters as heroes worthy of admiration, and its enemies as insidious, cruel and cowardly. Results. Despite certain similarities in the conduct of propaganda by both warring parties, it turned out to be more comprehensive and effective in the North, which influenced the achievement of victory over the South. Key words: U.S. history, the Civil War of 1861–1865, visual propaganda, the “friend/foe” dichotomy, imagology.
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Chiong, Charlotte. "President’s inaugural address Philippine Society of Otolargyngology head and neck Surgery annual Congress December 2, 2015." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 31, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v31i1.1347.
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Past Presidents of the PSO-HNS especially founding President Dr. Tierry Garcia, President of the PBO-HNS Dr. Rudy Nonato, Presidents of the chapters and Chairs of the subspecialty groups, co-Fellows of the society, friends, guests, ladies and gentlemen.
At the threshold of the 60th anniversary of this venerable society, I stand here today as the humble recipient of your trust and confidence as your President. As a child I have seen the photos of the heroic founders and had been witness to the lasting friendship between them. I was in high school when my father, Dr. Armando T. Chiong, Sr. became the 10th President of the organization. I now follow my brother, President Dr. Armando Chiong, Jr. to continue the programs he started. Such laudable programs started by the past years’ BOT with the advocacy map, public awareness, chapter and institutional initiatives will be continued. With the funding earmarked from the proceeds of the Diamond Jubilee celebration on April 2016, Research and Academic programs will be strengthened and the society’s journal the PJO-HNS will move for even more international recognition.
The breadth and the depth of human capacity to help one another is limitless. The same can be said for our organization whose dedicated fellows strive for excellence in their clinical practice with honor and integrity.
Make no mistake that it is a privilege being here amongst you my co-dreamers for a society that will be recognized not only for its international standing, its global perspective, its innovations but for its sincere quest for helping raise the quality of lives to heal the sick among our countrymen and render the best ENT care possible at an affordable cost and of wider availability.
We thank our mentors for the great example they have given us, their wisdom and good counsel so all of us 694 fellows united can champion the cause of the patients we serve.
The PSO-HNS will use all its available resources to move the organization forward to work more closely with partners in industry, government, non-government, academic institutions and each fellow, chapter, and subspecialty group will be supported by your BOT in these endeavors.
Lead, we will. Serve with dedication in our best capacity for sure and we trust in your full support of our institution.
We stand proud of this prestigious society of the best experts in ENT care. The growth of PSO-HNS from the ‘heroic 9’ to 694 in 60 years is phenomenal. Challenges, there will be always be but in the end we will know that more is yet to be done and the future brilliant because the legacy will always remain. See you all in the anniversary ball in February and the Jubilee celebration in April, 2016 organized by Dr. Dan Poblete. Good evening to you all.
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Gustaman, Randy Fadillah. "T A N M A L A K A (Ditinjau dari presfektif perjuangan bangsa)." Jurnal Artefak 4, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ja.v4i1.736.
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ABSTRAKJenis penelitian dalam penulisan ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sepak terjang Bapak Republik Indonesia yaitu Tan Malaka dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Bangsa Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan riset kepustakaan (library research). Studi pustaka adalah metode pengumpulan data yang diarahkan kepada pencarian data melalui dokumen, baik tertulis, maupun dokumen elektronik yang dapat mendukung dalam proses penelitian.Kemerdekan Negara Republik Indonesia banyak sekali melahirkan tokoh-tokoh perjuangan bangsa yang sangat berjasa bagi tegaknnya Negara Republik Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Tan Malaka. Ia merupakan seorang tokoh yang sedikit asing di telinga kita apabila membicarakan tentang sejarah perjuangan bangsa. Akan tetapi tidak bisa kita pungkiri bahwa beliau merupakan salah satu orang yang berjuang dengan jalan pikirannya sendiri untuk memerdekakan Negara Indonesia. Bagaimana tidak, sebelum para founding father mengemukakan konsep-konsep dan gagasan-gagasan mereka terhadap Negara Indonesia, Tan Malaka pada tahun 1924 mengemukakan konsepsi mengenai kemerdekaan Negara Indonesia dalam sebuah buku yang diberi judul Naar De Republiek Indonesia (menuju republiek Indonesia). Pemikiran dan Gagasannya banyak dijadikan sumber referensi oleh tokoh-tokoh nasional lainnya. Presiden pertama Republik Indonesia yang menjadikan beberapa karya Tan Malaka sebagai referensi dasar, seperti konsep massa actie dikutip oleh Soekarno dalam pleidoinya, Indonesia Menggugat.Kata Kunci: Tan Malaka, Perjuangan BangsaABSTRACTThis research used a descriptive method. The aim of the research is to know the struggle of the Father of Indonesian i.e. Tan Malaka in liberating Indonesian from the colonialists. Library research is used as the technique to collect the data of the research. Book study is the method of collecting data means to find the data through documents whether the written or the electronic documents which aid the research process.Liberation of Indonesia Republic State has appeared many founding father figures of Indonesia who have given a lot of benefit of the existence of Indonesia Republic State and one of them is Tan Malaka. He looks like an odd figure when people speak about the history of Indonesia liberation. But, it could not be refused that he has fought to make Indonesia free by his way. He has stated a lot of concepts and ideas as the way to liberate Indonesia before the other founding fathers did it. In 1924, Tan Malaka stated the conception of how to make Indonesia free from the colonialists in a book entitled “Naar De Republiek Indonesia” or Into Indonesia Republic. His Ideas has become the reference resources by the other nationalist figures. Including the first president of Indonesia, Mr. Soekarno, who used the masterpiece of Tan Malaka as the basic reference, such as Massa active concept is copied by Soekarno in his pledoi i.e. Indonesia Menggugat.Keywords: Tan Malaka, Struggle of the Nation
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Schmidt, Elizabeth. "Introduction." African Studies Review 53, no. 2 (September 2010): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2010.0017.
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The euphoria greeting the election of Barack Hussein Obama as the forty-fourth president of the United States seized the popular imagination in Africa, much as it did in the U. S. There was hope and enormous goodwill on the continent, derived from President Obama's special tie to Africa—the dreams from his father that he has translated so eloquently. There was hope that the Obama administration would initiate new policies based on mutual respect, multilateral collaboration, and an awareness that there will be no security unless there is common security—and also that security must be broadly defined, extending beyond the military to include the environment, the economy, and health, as well as political and social rights. Yet as many anticipated, given the enormous and wide-ranging problems confronting the new administration, Africa has not been front and center on its agenda. Although President Obama visited Egypt in June and Ghana in July 2009, only a few months into his presidency, Africa has not become a centerpiece of his foreign policy.In his much-publicized speech in Accra, President Obama lauded Ghana for its “repeated peaceful transfers of power,” declared that “development depends on good governance,” and urged Africans to take responsibility for their continent: “to hold [their] leaders accountable, and to build institutions that serve the people.” He pledged that the United States would support their efforts and committed his administration to opening the doors to African goods and services in ways that previous administrations have not. He pledged $63 billion to a new, comprehensive global health strategy that would promote public health systems and combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, polio, and other devastating diseases. In the months that followed, he pledged to double American foreign aid to $50 billion a year and to develop a multilateral program to combat hunger.
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Zatsiorsky, Vladimir. "Dr. Richard C. Nelson: The Founding Father of Biomechanics." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0293.
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Recollections on meetings with Dick Nelson in the 1970s, his interactions with Soviet authorities, his impact on data collection at Olympic Games, and his work as the President of the International Society of Biomechanics.
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Doucette, Jamie. "The Occult of Personality: Korea's Candlelight Protests and the Impeachment of Park Geun-hye." Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000821.
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The phrase “cult of personality” is used more often to describe North Korea's Kim dynasty than the legacy of South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee, father of the recently impeached President Park Geun-hye. And yet Park's legacy has long been mythologized by conservative forces in both Korea and abroad as that of a virtuous and wise political leader. The praise of Park's virtues (especially his “economization of politics,” as one prominent conservative economist puts it) has many uses. During the Cold War, it was used to secure legitimacy for a president who had come to power through a military coup and whose vision of “administrative democracy” invested enormous power into the institution of the presidency itself. More recently, it has been deployed to help rewrite Korea's highly contentious development experience in a manner that praises both the state and oligarchic interests for past achievements. The myth of Park has been circulated through Korea's Official Development Assistance policies to help satisfy the demand for knowledge of Korea's development experience and to secure international prestige for the Korean development “model.” Meanwhile, intellectuals associated with Korea's New Right movement have praised Park's much-vaunted legacy of economic planning and the establishment of a Korean middle class as prefiguring democracy, a narrative that is used to denigrate a history of democratic mobilization deemed dear to the liberal and progressive opposition and their supporters.
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Mikirtichan, Galina L. "THE ‘FATHERS OF THE SOVIET PEDIATRICS’: YU.F. DOMBROVSKAYA AND A.F. TUR." Russian Pediatric Journal 20, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2017-20-4-250-256.
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This article, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Society of Children’s Doctors of Russia, presents short biographical reviews of the most prominent Russian pediatricians: Yu.F. Dombrovskaya (1891-1976) and A.F. Tur (1894-1974), the academicians of the Academy of Medical Science of the USSR, Honoured scientists of the Russian Federation, laureates of the Lenin Prize in 1970. Their high professionalism and achievements in scientific and clinical pediatrics, exceptional personalities and their special style of communication with colleagues, pediatric patients and their parents were reasons for these pediatricians gained the highest respect in medical circles. Both of them took part in all congresses of pediatricians that were held in their lifetime and presented major papers at most of them. A.F. Tur was elected the president of the Society of Children’s Doctors of the Russian Federation in 1957, and Yu.F. Dombrovskaya was elected the president of the Board of the Society of Children’s Doctors of the USSR in 1962. Under the chairmanship of Yu.F. Dombrovskaya there were held three congresses of the Society of Children’s Doctors of the USSR, A.F. Tur was elected the chairman at four congresses of the Society of Children’s Doctors of the Russian Federation. Between the congresses, a number of conferences and meetings were held (pan-Soviet-Union, pan-Russian-Federation, regional, municipal). The activities of both Societies of Children’s Doctors - of the USSR and the Russian Federation - have contributed a lot to the improvement of qualifications of pediatricians, clinical and prophylactic activities, specific medical aid to children, using a wide range of new technologies in theory and practice of pediatrics, positive changes in health indexes of children.
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Greene, John Robert. "The Raising of a President: The Mothers and Fathers of Our Nation's Leaders." History: Reviews of New Books 33, no. 3 (January 2005): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2005.10526548.
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Family, IIIT. "In Celebration of the Life of Shaykh Taha Jabir al-‘Alwani." American Journal of Islam and Society 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v33i2.905.
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Shaykh Taha Jabir al-‘Alwani – professor of jurisprudence (fiqh)and the principles of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh); president of theSchool of Islamic and Social Sciences (SISS), which later becamethe Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences (GSISS); presidentof the Fiqh Council of North America, holder of the Imam Al-Shafi‘i Chair in Islamic Legal Theory at Corboda University;founding member and president of the International Institute of IslamicThought (IIIT); founder-member of the Council of the MuslimWorld League in Makkah; member of the Organization ofIslamic Cooperation’s Islamic Fiqh Academy in Jeddah; prolificwriter; and world renowned Islamic scholar and expert in Islamiclegal theory, jurisprudence, the principles of jurisprudence, Qur’anicsciences, and general Islamic thought – passed away on March 4,2016, at Ireland’s Shannon Airport while stopping over on his wayfrom Cairo to Washington, DC.An intellectual giant, friend, father, husband, and teacher, heleaves an immense void in the lives of many people. The Muslimworld mourns his loss and is the poorer for it.Shaykh Taha spent his life serving humanity and the truth,working tirelessly not only to elucidate the principles and methodologyof Islamic jurisprudence, but also to remove many of themyths and prejudices that had, over time, become entwined withMuslim cultural traditions and gained a strong foothold in the Muslimmind.Shaykh Taha always took account of Islam as it is being practisedin the modern world. For example, his seminal work Apostasyin Islam (2011), a masterful example of historical and scriptural ...
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Sutton, Adrian P., and Olivier Hardouin Duparc. "Jacques Friedel. 11 February 1921 — 27 August 2014." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 61 (January 2015): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2015.0020.
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Jacques Friedel was the father of condensed matter and materials physics in France. He was an educator, researcher and leader who transformed physics in France after World War II. He was one of the most respected and influential scientists in Europe, a co-founder of the Laboratory of Solid State Physics at Orsay, President of the European Physical Society, and President of the Academy of Sciences in France.
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Osborn, Ronald. "William Lloyd Garrison and the United States Constitution: The Political Evolution of an American Radical." Journal of Law and Religion 24, no. 1 (2008): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400001934.
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On August 6, 1824, William Lloyd Garrison, not yet twenty years old, penned a letter to the Salem Gazette opposing John Quincy Adams's bid for the presidency and endorsing the candidacy of a dedicated Georgian, United States Senator William Crawford. There is no mention in the document of the slavery issue and no hint that the young Garrison viewed the Constitution as anything less than a triumph of the founding fathers. The “high and exalted character” of the elections proved the Federalist Party “worthy of its great leader, the immortal WASHINGTON” and spread “vigor and strength throughout the political fabric of our constitution and government,” Garrison wrote. “It is peculiarly gratifying, too,” he declared,to observe the dignified course pursued generally by the few sentinels of freedom, who advocate and uphold those principles, which were promulgated by the Father of his Country, and sanctioned by JAY and HAMILTON, and AMES, with a host of other distinguished patriots.Garrison went on to stress the civic duty of voting, arguing that although no citizen was legally required to support any of the presidential candidates, reason “dictates that we should” so as not to upset “the peace of the Union.” Federalists should make pragmatic political choices, he wrote, and not squander their votes on ideal but unlikely candidates.
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Hunt, Sally. "COVID and the South African Family: Cyril Ramaphosa, President or father?" Discourse, Context & Media 44 (December 2021): 100541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100541.
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Patlewicz, Barbara. "Azerbejdżan pod rządami Alijewów." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 74, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 191–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2021.74.4.02.
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In previous years Azerbaijan experienced only a few of leadership changes following independence in 1991. In 1992 Abulfaz Elchibey, the leader of the Popular Front, won first fairly contested presidential election. However the beginning of the current phase political life took place in 1993. As a result of the ensuing war, Armenian armed forces occupied then 14–16 percent of Azerbaijan (20 percent according to Azerbaijani sources), including the Nagorno-Karabakh region and seven surrounding districts. The collapse of the Popular Front government led to Heidar Aliev’s former communist party boss return to Baku as national leader. During his presidency (1993–2003), Aliev ensured political order, economic stabilization and peace, but suppressed political pluralism. At the time Azerbaijan has positioned itself on the international scene as an increasingly important actor, but in domestic politics system crafted by Aliev political power was concentrated in the hands post-Soviet cadres and regional clans. Ilham Aliev became president of the country in 2003. The period immediately preceding and following his reelection for a second term in October 2008 was marked by further steps towards the consolidation of the semiauthoritarian and authoritarian regime established by his father – Heidar.
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Campbell, James. "George Herbert Mead: Philosophy and the Pragmatic Self." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 19 (March 1985): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100004549.
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George Herbert Mead was born at the height of America's bloody Civil War in 1863, the year of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address. He was born in New England, in the small town of South Hadley, Massachusetts; but when he was seven years old his family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, so that his father, Hiram Mead, a Protestant minister, could assume a chair in homiletics at the Oberlin Theological Seminary. After his father's death in 1881, Mead's mother, Elizabeth Storrs Billings Mead, briefly taught at Oberlin College. (She later served as the president of Mount Holyoke College from 1890 to 1900.) Mead grew to self-consciousness in this educational atmosphere, amidst the conflict between science and religion over the primacy of efficient or final explanations; and he offers us, in some autobiographical comments, a sense of the difficulties felt by one who saw values on either side: We wished to be free to follow our individual thinking and feeling into an intelligent and sympathetic world without having to bow before incomprehensible dogma or to anticipate the shipwreck of our individual ends and values. We wanted full intellectual freedom and yet the conservation of the values for which had stood Church, State, Science, and Art.
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Campbell, James. "George Herbert Mead: Philosophy and the Pragmatic Self." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 19 (March 1985): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004545.
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George Herbert Mead was born at the height of America's bloody Civil War in 1863, the year of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address. He was born in New England, in the small town of South Hadley, Massachusetts; but when he was seven years old his family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, so that his father, Hiram Mead, a Protestant minister, could assume a chair in homiletics at the Oberlin Theological Seminary. After his father's death in 1881, Mead's mother, Elizabeth Storrs Billings Mead, briefly taught at Oberlin College. (She later served as the president of Mount Holyoke College from 1890 to 1900.) Mead grew to self-consciousness in this educational atmosphere, amidst the conflict between science and religion over the primacy of efficient or final explanations; and he offers us, in some autobiographical comments, a sense of the difficulties felt by one who saw values on either side: We wished to be free to follow our individual thinking and feeling into an intelligent and sympathetic world without having to bow before incomprehensible dogma or to anticipate the shipwreck of our individual ends and values. We wanted full intellectual freedom and yet the conservation of the values for which had stood Church, State, Science, and Art.
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Barnes, Louis B. "Incongruent Hierarchies: Daughters and Younger Sons as Company CEOs." Family Business Review 1, no. 1 (March 1988): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00009.x.
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The daughter or younger son who becomes head of the family business must struggle with both self-identity and changing family role expectations. How do they do this? Father CEO: My oldest son is the nicest guy in the world and expects to become president of the company. But, my second son would be better. I also have a younger daughter in the business. I don't know what to do. I've told the kids they may have to decide. Daughter CEO: From the time I became president eleven years after I joined the company, I was competing with my father—not from my side but from his side. Then the family struggle really started, particularly when my older brother wanted to join the business. Younger brother CEO: I can't replace him, because he's my older brother, and I have to think my way out of it, or we may have a confrontation.
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Frank, David A. "Obama’s Rhetorical Signature: Cosmopolitan Civil Religion in the Presidential Inaugural Address, January 20, 2009." Rhetoric and Public Affairs 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 605–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41935240.
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Abstract Drawing on his two books, Dreams from my Father and The Audacity of Hope, the prophetic African American Christian mythic system, and a rhetoric of argumentative reason, Barack Obama developed literary, mythic, and rhetorical signatures during his campaign for president. His signatures recast binary oppositions and answered questions of identity with a set of dissociations, rhetorical acts intended to transform the relationship between contraries. In his inaugural address, Obama adapts these signatures to the assumption of power as president by recalling and rescuing the cosmopolitan expression of American civil religion.
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Akoth, S. O. "The Bold and Reckless Life of President Obama's Father: The other Barack." African Affairs 111, no. 444 (May 24, 2012): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads033.
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Erlangga, Nova. "Looking for Justice for the People: A Book Review Keadilan Restoratif, Yoachim Agus Tridiatmo, 2016, 83 Pages, Cahaya Atma Pusaka ISBN 9786027821491." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i1.34815.
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In the first chapter of this book the author presents a summary of several cases that intersect with justice that have occurred in Indonesia. One summary of a case of justice that has occurred and has received a lot of attention is the case of the father of the senses who traveled 900 kilometers which took 22 days to go to the Indonesian capital, Jakarta to meet with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. He decided to meet with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono because he wanted to present the case of injustice, he had received for 15 years.
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Sternheimer, Karen. "Hollywood: Doesn't Threaten Family Values." Contexts 7, no. 4 (November 2008): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2008.7.4.44.
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In 1992, then-Vice President Dan Quayle charged that Murphy Brown, a fictional character on the CBS sitcom of the same name, glamorized single motherhood by having a child outside marriage. His comment ignited a national debate about not just single parenthood, but the influence Hollywood and celebrities have over the choices Americans make in their lives. In a speech about civil unrest in Los Angeles, Quayle charged that characters like Brown indirectly contribute to central city problems by “mocking the importance of fathers.”
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Nidiffer, Jana, and Timothy Reese Cain. "Elder Brothers of the University: Early Vice Presidents in Late Nineteenth-Century Universities." History of Education Quarterly 44, no. 4 (2004): 487–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2004.tb00018.x.
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If he may not be called the Father of the University of Illinois, he was at least its elder brother, intimately acquainted with its aims, character, and history, the depository of traditions, the friend, counselor, guide, and trusted confident of its successive presidents and of its trustees… long may he live in these halls and on this campus, in memory, in spirit, in example, and in gratitude and honor of all good men.-Stephen A. Forbes, 1916
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Sia, Calvin C. J. "Abraham Jacobi Award Address, April 14, 1992 The Medical Home: Pediatric Practice and Child Advocacy in the 1990s." Pediatrics 90, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.3.419.
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It is with the deepest humility that I accept the Abraham Jacobi Award from the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr Jacobi represented the best in pediatrics, a practitioner in New York in 1853, Professor of Diseases of Children at New York Medical College in 1859, Chairman of the AMA Section Council on Pediatrics, founder and president of the American Pediatrics Society, and president of the American Medical Association. He was perhaps best known as a child advocate. Dr Jacobi believed that physicians should take an active interest in public policy. At an early age he was, and remained throughout his life, what would now be termed a "troublemaker." He actively pursued legislation for women and children in Albany, the state capitol, and in Washington, DC. Throughout his long and productive life, he felt comfortable only when championing a good cause.1-4 It is truly an honor to receive an award bearing his name. Before I begin my address, I would like to pay personal tribute to my dear wife Kathie, who has stood by me for 40 years throughout my shortcomings as a husband and father, as I pursued my interest in organized medicine as a child advocate. She has suffered through long waits for late dinners because of my practice or meetings, the yardwork that was never done because of office or hospital emergencies, and cared for our family alone while I attended meetings on the mainland. I would also like to honor my mentor, the late Dr Irvine McQuarrie, who "fathered" me during my first year of pediatrics residency in Hawaii.
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May, Glenn Anthony. "Father Frank Lynch and the Shaping of Philippine Social Science." Itinerario 22, no. 3 (November 1998): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009621.
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Although the United States granted the Philippines formal independence in 1946, American influence in the former colony did not disappear overnight. In the decades following independence, American policymakers continued to play key roles in Philippine politics; American businessmen, presidents, legislators, and bureaucrats and US-based international money lending agencies continued to have a considerable impact on the Philippine economy; and American popular culture continued to penetrate Philippine society and culture (as it did elsewhere). But perhaps no sector of Philippine society was as profoundly influenced by Americans as the academic one, and no subdivision of the Philippine academy bore the American imprint as visibly as Philippine social science. This paper examines the academic career, writings, institution-building efforts, and scholarly agenda of the US-born scholar who arguably had the greatest impact on post-war Philip- pine social science: Father Frank Lynch, a Jesuit professor of anthropology and sociology at Ateneo de Manila University.
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Fretz, T. A., R. T. Johnson, and R. E. Lyons. "Thomas Jefferson: America’s First Horticulturist?" HortScience 20, no. 3 (June 1985): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.3.344.
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Abstract Some horticulturists may regard Liberty Hyde Bailey as the father of American horticulture. Perhaps, this accolade is better reserved for Thomas Jefferson, our nation’s 3rd president, who not only wrote the Declaration of Independence, but also penned the words, “the greatest service which can be rendered any country is, to add a useful plant to its culture” (1).
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ALLEN, DEBORAH. "Acquiring “Knowledge of Our Own Continent”: Geopolitics, Science, and Jeffersonian Geography, 1783–1803." Journal of American Studies 40, no. 2 (July 27, 2006): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875806001356.
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In his role as a promoter of scientific exploration of North America, Thomas Jefferson shared with Jedidiah Morse, considered by many to be the father of American geography, the patriotic desire to counteract misinformation furnished by “imperfect and erroneous sketches” describing the continent's geography by European writers. Yet his interest in the science of geography was also motivated by a concern with America's self-image in the realm of international politics, learning, and commerce. In the summer of 1802 Jefferson was prompted to send an exploring party to North America's westernmost territories in response to reading Voyages from Montreal, Alexander Mackenzie's account of his voyages across the continent to its northwest coast. At the end of his narrative, the Scottish explorer had encouraged Britain's control of a region that, if certain natural obstacles were overcome, might supply fur and fish to “the markets of the four quarters of the globe,” and proposed a line of fortified posts to be established to maintain the British Empire's presence from Lake Winnipeg to the Pacific. Jefferson understood that such action would obstruct America's westward expansion, block Russian advances from Alaska, and thus make possible a British dominion linking two great oceans. Edward Thornton, the British minister to the United States, would later observe that Mackenzie's discoveries had provoked the American President, who in 1803 was also the president of the American Philosophical Society, to concretize his dream “to set on foot an expedition entirely of a scientific nature for exploring the Western continent of America,” and that he was, furthermore, “ambitious in his character of a man of letters and science, of distinguishing his Presidency by a discovery” of a route to the Pacific Ocean by way of the Missouri, “now the only one left to his enterprise, the Northern Communication having been so ably explored and ascertained by Sir Alexander Mackenzie's journeys.
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Isra, Saldi, Fahmi Idris, and Hilaire Tegnan. "Designing a Constitutional Presidential Democracy in Indonesia." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p22.
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The constitutional design of the Indonesian democracy has undergone several significant changes from President Sukarno’s regime known as Orde Lama or the Old Order (1945-1965) to Era Reformasi or Reformation Era (1998 to present). During the drafting of the 1945 Constitution, the desire to form a democratic system of government that is unique to Indonesia has led its founding fathers to adopt an ambivalent system of government resembling both a parliamentary and presidential systems of government. By investigating the Indonesian democracy and system of government through the analysis of relevant articles of the 1945 Constitution, the present study seeks to address the question how to design a constitutional presidential democracy in Indonesia. The research results show that with the election of president and vice president and their accountability to the People’s Consultative Assembly or Majelis Perwalikan Rakyat (MPR), the design of the Indonesian system of government better fits a parliamentary more than a presidential. However, the four amendments to the 1945 Constitution (from 1999 to 2002) were intended to pave the way for a presidential democracy capable of accommodating the characteristics of a true presidential system of government in Indonesia.
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GILBERT, ROBERT E. "Calvin Coolidge's Tragic Presidency: the Political Effects of Bereavement and Depression." Journal of American Studies 39, no. 1 (April 2005): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875805009266.
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Biographers commonly describe Calvin Coolidge as having had a sound, comfortable, supportive upbringing. Fuess writes, for example, that Coolidge's early life was “simple, wholesome and unfurtive.” White and McCoy point out that the Coolidges were “aristocrats” and that Calvin was “a young prince” who was “brought up in as much luxury as could be expected in Plymouth township.”. However, a close analysis suggests strongly that the childhood years of Calvin Coolidge were marked by great sadness and dislocation. He was an extraordinarily shy boy who had few friends and often was lonely. His father, John Coolidge, was frequently absent from the household, either because of his service in the Vermont state legislature or his various business activities. As Lynch and Kilmartin point out, a father who is physically or emotionally missing from his son's life leaves scars on the boy's psychological development.
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Mujab, Muhammad Saiful. "ABDURRAHMAN WAHID’S CONCEPT OF NON-VIOLENT APPROACH TO BUILDING PEACE." Teosofia 4, no. 2 (October 24, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/tos.v4i2.1712.
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<p><em>Abdurrahman Wahid is a prominent moslem scholar in Indonesia and Indonesia’s fourth president (and the first president voted by people’s representative council). He was born from traditionalist muslim family. His grand father is Hasyim Asy’ary, the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama’, the biggest islamic organization in theworld with 25 million member. His father, Wahid Hasyim, is the first minister of religious affairs. He was also the chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama’ for several periods.His contribution to create peace is countless. He is well known as the father of pluralism in Indonesia. After his death, many people started to fund organizations learn</em><em>ing</em><em> about his thoughts of pluralism, culture and religion, protecting minorities, respecting diversities, creating peace, etc.This article is attempting to explain his non-violance approach to create peace, in the case of terrorism prefention. Firstly, the writer define the term terrorism in general and Abdurrahman Wahid’s version. Secondly, it is explained three backgrounds of the emergence of terrorism; (1). the feeling of inferiority (2). Superficial understanding towards religion (3) the weak system of Indonesia government. And the third is the solution of those three causes; (1). Dialogue (2). Islamic Education (3). Improving the system of the government.</em></p><div><br clear="all" /><br /></div>
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Helms, Ludger. "Keeping Weimar at Bay: The German Federal Presidency since 1949." German Politics and Society 16, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503098782173877.
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Learning from the Weimar experience, the founding fathers of theFederal Republic eliminated the chance of a renewed institutionalizedconflict between the head of state and the federal governmentthrough the creation of the Basic Law [Grundgesetz ]. They primarilystrengthened the power of the chancellor and his cabinet by introducingthe “constructive” vote of no confidence and abolishing theprinciple of individual ministerial responsibility, while also reducingthe position of the federal president to a mere representative head ofstate. With these clear-cut constitutional arrangements it is not surprisingthat Germany has not been among the number of west Europeandemocracies (such as Italy or Austria) for which issuesregarding the power of heads of state have occupied a rather prominentposition on the political agenda of the 1990s.
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Fischer, Roger A., and William C. Davis. "Lincoln's Men: How President Lincoln Became Father to an Army and a Nation." Journal of Southern History 66, no. 2 (May 2000): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2587694.
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Frank, Joseph Allan, and William C. Davis. "Lincoln's Men: How President Lincoln became Father to an Army and a Nation." American Historical Review 105, no. 3 (June 2000): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651868.
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