Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fatigue tests'
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Mathieson, P. A. R. "Acoustic emissions from fatigue cracks in steels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379486.
Full textJohansson, Ulrika. "Fatigue tests and analysis of reinforced concrete bridge deck models /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1820.
Full textBürkner, Falko [Verfasser]. "Biaxial Dynamic Fatigue Tests of Wind Turbine Blades / Falko Bürkner." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1233426494/34.
Full textShorten, James. "Relationships between sprint performance, power output and fatigue." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020148/.
Full textTONIAL, IVAN RAMALHO. "SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS FOR INDICATION OF FATIGUE CRACKS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31212@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Ensaios não-destrutivos são técnicas utilizadas na inspeção de materiais e equipamentos sem danificá-los, sendo executados nas etapas de fabricação, construção, montagem e manutenção. Constituem uma das principais ferramentas do controle e garantia da qualidade de materiais e produtos, sendo largamente utilizados nos setores petróleo/petroquímico, químico, aeronáutico, aeroespacial, siderúrgico, naval, eletromecânico, papel e celulose, entre outros. Representam métodos capazes de proporcionar informações sobre defeitos, características tecnológicas do material, ou ainda, monitoração da degradação em serviço de componentes, equipamentos e estruturas, o que permite o uso de ações de extensão de suas vidas úteis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a adequação de diferentes técnicas não destrutivas na detecção e estimativa da dimensão de trincas de fadiga, nucleadas e propagadas intencionalmente, em material estrutural. Para tal, corpos de provas cilíndricos do aço 42CrMo4 com um entalhe em V sofreram carregamentos cíclicos até diferentes números de ciclos, o que proporcionou diferentes tamanhos de trinca. O comprimento das trincas passantes foi monitorado por meio de lupa posicionada na lateral do corpo de prova. Após a etapa de nucleação e propagação das trincas de fadiga, todos os corpos de prova foram inspecionados com emprego das técnicas de Ultrassom Convencional, Ultrassom Phased Array e Radiografia Digital, para permitir a indicação das trincas de fadiga e o estabelecimento de suas dimensões. Terminada as inspeções, os corpos de prova foram resfriados em nitrogênio líquido e fraturados com aplicação de uma carga de flexão, o que permitiu a visualização das superfícies das trincas. Em seguida, as trincas foram medidas visualmente com o auxílio de uma lupa, o que permitiu comparar as indicações (virtual) de defeitos nos corpos de prova com a existência (real) dos mesmos e, ainda correlacionar as dimensões indicadas nas inspeções com aquelas medidas nas superfícies das trincas. Neste contexto, todas as técnicas se mostraram adequadas para a indicação de defeitos. Além disso, para trincas curtas, o Ultrassom Phased Array foi a técnica que apresentou a melhor suscetibilidade para o dimensionamento de descontinuidades, enquanto que a Radiografia Digital se mostrou mais eficiente para trincas mais longas.
Non-destructive tests are techniques used in material and equipment inspection without permanent damage, applied in the stages of manufacture, construction, assembly and maintenance. They are one of the main tools to control and insure the quality of materials and products, with widely applications in oil / petrochemical, chemical, aeronautical, aerospace, steel industry, naval, electromechanical industries. They represent with capacity of providing information about defects, technological characteristics of the material, or monitoring the degradation in service of components, equipment and structures, which allows the use of useful live extensions in service. The objective of this research was to compare the application of different non-destructive techniques in the detection and size estimation of fatigue cracks, nucleated and propagated intentionally, in structural material. For this purpose, cylindrical specimens of 42CrMo4 steel with a V-notch were subjected to cyclic loading with different cycle numbers, which provided different crack sizes. The length of the cracks was monitored by a magnifying glass positioned on the specimen surface. After the crack nucleation and propagation, all specimens were subjected to non-destructive tests making use of Conventional Ultrasound, Phased Array Ultrasound and Digital Radiography, in order to provide crack indications and crack dimensions. After the inspections, the specimens were cooled down in nitrogen and fractured in three point bending to promote opened crack surfaces. In the sequence, the cracks were measured using a magnifying glass, which allowed a comparison between the indicated and measured defects. In this context, all techniques were adequate for crack indications. On the other hands, for short cracks, the Phased Array Ultrasound was the technique that presented the best susceptibility for estimate the discontinuity dimensions, while Digital Radiography proved to be more efficient for longer cracks.
Grigg, William Reid. "Post-Injection Welded Joint Fatigue Tests of Sandwich Plate System Panels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44900.
Full textMaster of Science
Tola, Tola Adrian Patricio. "Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Low-Cycle Fatigue Fracture in Structural Steel." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100051.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
The mechanism of material failure due to repeated cycles of large deformations is denoted as Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF); this failure mechanism can occur in steel structures subjected to loading conditions such as those induced by earthquakes. Mathematical expressions that evaluate the material deterioration due to LCF are often used to predict the instant and location of fracture initiation in small-scale and large-scale tests. An experimental program was conducted for the study of fracture associated with LCF. A total of 60 specimens were fabricated with material extracted from the flat and corner regions of two rectangular steel tubes; the applied loads elongated and/or twisted the specimens until they ruptured. Computational simulations of these tests were conducted to obtain key information at the location of the observed fracture initiation. This information was used to adjust five mathematical expressions suggested by previous researchers that could predict the same instant of fracture initiation observed in the experiments. The accuracy of the predictions from each of these mathematical expressions was evaluated. The accuracy of these mathematical expressions to predict fracture initiation in a large-scale test was also investigated. To this end, an experiment was conducted on a rectangular steel tube subjected to repeated cycles of deformation. A computational simulation of this test was also developed, and predictions of the instant and location of fracture initiation were compared with the experimental observations.
Mihalides, Dušan. "Hodnocení životnosti kompozitních konstrukcí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233923.
Full textKhong, Benjamin. "Fiabilité prédictive de composants de puissance soumis à des tests de fatigue accélérée." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000177/.
Full textUnder regular operating conditions, power devices designed for automotive applications have to undergo cyclic stresses, generally electro-thermally driven. To perform accelerated aging tests of these MOS-based devices, a dedicated test bench has been set up. The aim of this work is twofold : firstly determining the influence of the input parameters (temperature, cycle period, injected current) on the power device failure. Then analyzing the microstructure of aged components at different scales to establish the physical causes of failure. In a first part, this study briefly describes the different types of power components, their main application and how they have technologically evolved in the past years. The SPSS (Single Power Side Switch) herein investigated is a switch whose fabrication is based on the "SmartMos" technology, recently developed by Freescale Semiconductor. The inner and outer structure of the device (connexions, source-grid active region, heat sink and solders) as well as the tools used for the analysis (TEM, SEM, FIB, SAM and SAT) are then described. A new procedure, based on the controlled aging of the devices led to the establishment of the power die/heat sink delamination as the main electric failure mode. It also allowed the monitoring of the propagation of the delamination. This power die/heat sink delamination is probably the cause of more abrupt failures leading to the complete ruin of the devices. In parallel, we have shown that the grain structure of the source metal, made of aluminum, evolves according to both the number of cycles and the condition of the tested device
Tam, W. S. "Pavement evaluation and overlay design." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378746.
Full textMartin, James David. "Sandwich Plate System Bridge Deck Tests." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31648.
Full textMaster of Science
Babadopulos, Lucas. "Phenomena occurring during cyclic loading and fatigue tests on bituminous materials : Identification and quantification." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET006/document.
Full textFatigue is a main pavement distress. In laboratory, fatigue is simulated using cyclic loading tests, usually without rest periods. Complex modulus (a material stiffness property used in viscoelastic materials characterisation) evolution is monitored, in order to characterise damage evolution. Its change is generally interpreted as damage, whereas other phenomena (distinguishable from damage by their reversibility) occur. Transient effects, proper to viscoelastic materials, occur during the very initial cycles (2 or 3) and induce an error in the measurement of complex modulus. Nonlinearity (strain-dependence of the material’s mechanical behaviour) is characterised by an instantaneous reversible modulus decrease and phase angle increase observed when strain amplitude increases. Moreover, during loading, mechanical energy is dissipated due to the viscous aspect of material behaviour. This energy turns mainly into heat and produces a temperature increase. This produces a modulus decrease due to self-heating. When the material is allowed to cool back to its initial temperature, initial modulus is recovered. The remaining stiffness change can be explained partly by another reversible phenomenon, called in the literature “thixotropy”, and, then, by the “real” damage, which is irreversible. This thesis investigates these phenomena in bitumen, mastic (bitumen mixed with fine particles, whose diameter is smaller than 80μm) and bituminous mixtures. One chapter (on nonlinearity) presents increasing and/or decreasing strain amplitude sweep tests. Another one focuses on selfheating. It includes a proposition of modelling procedures whose results are compared with the initial cycles from fatigue tests. Finally, a chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the measured complex modulus during both loading and rest periods. Loading and rest periods tests were performed on bitumen (where the phenomenon of thixotropy is supposed to happen) and mastic in order to determine the effect of each of the identified phenomena on the complex modulus evolution of the tested materials. Results from the nonlinearity investigation suggest that its effect comes primarily from the nonlinear behaviour of the bitumen, which is very non-homogeneously strained in the bituminous mixtures. It was demonstrated that a simplified thermomechanical model for the calculation of local selfheating (non-uniform temperature increase distribution), considering no heat diffusion, could explain the initial complex modulus change observed during cyclic tests on bituminous mixtures. However, heat diffusion modelling demonstrated that this diffusion is excessively fast. This indicates that the temperature increase distribution necessary to completely explain the observed complex modulus decrease cannot be reached. Another reversible phenomenon, which has effects on complex modulus similar to the ones of a temperature change, needs to occur. That phenomenon is hypothesised as thixotropy. Finally, from the loading and rest periods tests, it was demonstrated that a major part of the complex modulus change during cyclic loading comes from the reversible processes. Damage was xivfound to cumulate in an approximately linear rate with respect to the number of cycles. The thixotropy phenomenon seems to share the same direction in complex space as the one of nonlinearity. This indicates that both phenomena are possibly linked by the same microstructural origin. Further research on the thixotropy phenomenon is needed
Zhu, Yichao. "Modelling the transition from channel-veins to PSBs in the early stage of fatigue tests." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad163287-19cc-4318-995a-378df1d80260.
Full textConway, Gareth Edward. "Effects of workload, effort and fatigue on complex performance : application and tests of compensatory control theory." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418248.
Full textPhilippe, Matthieu. "Apport des synchronies électro-encéphalographiques (EEG) dans la détection de la fatigue mentale." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1719.
Full textThe impact of mental fatigue on cortical activity is still unknown. Laboratory experiments, and a real conditions study, allow us to observe how neurons networks interact (synchrony) during a cognitive task under mental fatigue. Event related potentials (ERPs) and synchronies were studied for the tests which showed a performance decrement. Afternoon results showed a local post-stimulation desynchronization more important than in the morning in the α frequency band (8-14 Hz) on the whole scalp and for all the stimulation. Moreover we found in γ2 (60-80 Hz) frequency band a local post stimulation synchronization less important in the afternoon, for eaysest stimuli on frontal, fronto-central, central and centro-parietal cortical areas. Afternoon cognitive tasks would implied a more important mobilisation of neuronal necessity, and that a deficit of attentional control
Blumoff, Sonja. "Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Severe Intensity Exercise." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2539/.
Full textPINTO, JOAO M. A. "Modelagem de testes acelerados com esforco aplicado em niveis em um estudo de fadiga mecanica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11245.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10187.pdf: 6151210 bytes, checksum: 37ed33ce82293706cac21bb2e41e8dbe (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Malvestam, Daniel. "Implementation of an In-situ Non-contact Temperature Controller for Active Thermal Fatigue Tests of Power Electronics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97059.
Full textBaxter, Thomas. "The development and application of the load-stroke hysteresis technique for evaluating fatigue damage development in composite materials." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040716/.
Full textSans, Canovas Daniel. "Advances in fibre Bragg grating sensors for damage detection in composite laminates: application in quasi-static and fatigue delamination tests." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117357.
Full textL’ús de materials compostos en aplicacions de caràcter industrial com per exemple l’aeronàutica, aeroespacial o la de producció d’energia eòlica, ha crescut exponencialment durant les últimes dècades. Degut a les seves extraordinàries propietats, l’ús d’aquests materials permet la construcció d’estructures més lleugeres, grans i resistents, tot i que el seu ús en components d’alta responsabilitat estructural està limitat per la manca de coneixement en relació a la seva fiabilitat estructural. En aquesta tesi es discuteixen alguns aspectes significants sobre l’ús de FBGs per a mesurar camps de deformació en l’interior de laminats de material compòsit, s’ha analitzat també la capacitat de localització de la punta d’una esquerda en creixement de mode mixt i per últim s’ha desenvolupat una aplicació pràctica dels FBG en temps real en assaigs a fatiga en mode I
Vigié, Héloïse. "Evolution microstructurale et comportement mécanique de l'alliage de titane beta21S après vieillissement sous air." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0133.
Full textOne of the main issues of the aeronautic industry is to decrease the weight of structures in order to reduce fuel consumption. Titanium alloys are more and more used due to their good mechanical properties at high temperatures, with a low density. Ti-21S, currently used in the manufacturing of nozzles, was investigated. The aim of this work is to study the potential of this alloy beyond conventional limits. Thermal treatments on air are carried out at different temperatures (450°C - 700°C) for various durations (500h - 10000h). The microstructure is characterized before and after aging in order to determine the impact of aging thermal. The observations show that microstructural evolutions are related to aging temperature, and impact of time aging is not the same for all temperatures. Another aim is to study the mechanical behavior with tensile and fatigue tests at room temperature and 550°C after aging. Mechanical tensile behavior depends on the aging temperature and the microstructure of the alloy. Moreover, mechanical behavior depends on test temperature. Another issue is the understanding of oxidation phenomena over the range of temperatures, and to determine the effects of oxidation on both microstructure and mechanical behavior. The diffusion of oxygen in the material leads to the microstructural evolution near the surface, and impacts mechanical strength by weakening the material. A link between microstructure and oxygen content is demonstrated. Similarly, the tensile strength is connected to microstructure
Bathini, Udaykar. "A Study of Microstructure, Tensile Deformation, Cyclic Fatigue and Final Fracture Behavior of Commercially Pure Titanium and a Titanium Alloy." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1281973687.
Full textBossi, Philippe. "L'ergovision en médecine du travail : son intérêt dans l'étude de la fatigue visuelle : étude évaluative des différents tests visuels proposés." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11124.
Full textNikitin, Alexander. "Gigacycle Fatigue of the titanium alloy." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100015/document.
Full textThis PhD project is dealing with a problem of fatigue failures of aeronautical titanium alloy due to high frequency loading. The material for investigation was taken from the real aircraft engine compressor disk. Ultrasonic fatigue tests were carried out up to outrun limit of 1010 cycles. This region of lifetime is known as Gigacycle or very high cycle fatigue. This PhD project shows for the first time the results of fatigue tests on the VT3-1 aeronautical titanium alloy in the Gigacycle region. The fatigue properties of the titanium alloy were determined at 109 cycles for different loading conditions: tension-compression, tension-tension and torsion loading. Typical crack initiation mechanisms were identified and critical defects of microstructure were found. The effect of anisotropy due to fabrication process on the fatigue properties of the forged VT3-1 titanium alloy was studied. An influence of technological process on fatigue properties was also studied by comparison the results on extruded and forged VT3-1 titanium alloy.The new ultrasonic torsion machine was designed and installed for the long life (up to 1010 cycles) fatigue tests under rotation. The first results under ultrasonic torsion loading were obtained for the titanium alloy made by extrusion and forged technologies
Deghdegh, Khireddine. "Étude des paramètres du signal E. M. G. Associé à des exercices dynamiques : caractérisation de la fatigue lors de tests sur cycloergomètre." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10107.
Full textKoda, Fábio. "Estudo da fadiga de contato em engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/183.
Full textDue to the resistance of automotive manufactures on apply ADI gear studies have been made to verify the performance of this material. Inside this context this work has a main objective the construction of contact fatigue test machine in gears and the comparison, related to the wear resistance, between spur-gears made of carburized and quenched AISI 8620 low steel and austempered ductile iron (ADI). These gears were supplied in two states of finish surface (by shaving or by machining). The developed equipment functions with the principle of the power recirculation and commonly called FZG. The wear experiments were performed in two stages of torque: 135 N.m (running-in) and 302 N.m (steady-state) and the gears have modified profile. After the accomplishment of the experiments, was possible verify that: (1) The damaged area of flanks, due to the phenomenon of pitting, at ADI gears was bigger than AISI 8620 low-alloy steel gears. (2) The comparisons between the roughness parameter in the supply state and after each period of the experiment shows that gears with surface finish by shaving have better load distribution and minor wear. (3) Lubricant regime at pitch diameter was the boundary for both manufacture process, but the film thickness parameter λ is higher for shaved gears, making the lubricant film thickness has major value, (4) The reduction effect the resistive area of contact due the presence of the graphite nodules in the contact fatigue resistance was evidenced, however surface finishing was more relevant than the distribution and size nodules.
Bonneric, Matthieu. "Etude de l'endommagement en fatigue de câbles d'acier sous sollicitations complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC045.
Full textSteel cables are used as reinforcements in heavy truck tires, in particular to support the forces resulting from the tire pressure and the vehicle's weight. A cable is a set of pearlitic steel wires assembled in helical form on different layers. There are therefore many assembly possibilities to define the cable architecture. The cables are subjected to cyclic loadings during service, resulting in fatigue damage. In a context of reduced fuel consumption and lighter vehicles, understanding the mechanisms involved is thus a major challenge for tire manufacturers, in order to optimize the architecture of cables with respect to fatigue resistance. A cyclic bending test representative of mechanical in-service loading has been developed. The tested specimens are composite layers made of cables aligned within an elastomer matrix. Interrupted tests at different stages of damage followed by ex-situ observations (X-ray tomography, SEM) were performed. A finite element model of the composite layer has been developed in order to understand wire-rubber interactions. The comparison of the observations with the simulations made it possible to understand the kinetics of cable damage during cyclic bending loading.The study of each of the mechanisms likely to contribute to the cable damage has made it possible to explain the better fatigue resistance of the architectures penetrated by the rubber. A stochastic cable fatigue life model based on wire surface defect propagation has been developed
Camara, Aliou Badara. "Analyse du comportement en fatigue d'assemblages boulonnés." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC105.
Full textThe structural integrity of mechanical components and their assemblies is a major design purpose. The applications may concern the aeronautics, the automobile, the railway as well as structures such as bridges or masts subjected to cyclic loads or to variable amplitude stress states. This leads the design engineer to take into account various phenomena, including fatigue, a dominant factor that may lead, under dynamic stress, to the failure of structures or parts of them. The mechanical components are generally subjected in service to multiaxial stress states. Taking into account the triaxiality of stress states requires the use of multiaxial fatigue criteria. They are suitable tools for assessing the material fatigue resistance against periodical stress states, especially when they are multiaxial. A fatigue post-processing tool is developed and implemented under Matlab software to assess on the one hand, the damage level at the fixed endurance limit of the material (2.106 cycles) and, on the other hand, the fatigue life up to crack initiation from an iterative fatigue calculation process. The two multiaxial fatiguecriteria used are Dang Van criterion (critical plane approach) and Zenner criterion (integral approach). Then, the fatigue post-processing tool is validated by fatigue test results from the bibliography. These fatigue tests are performed on M10 bolts of 8.8 quality class. The results are compared with those obtained from existing standards (Eurocode 3 and VDI 2230). The two multiaxial fatigue criteria used inthis work are compared and validated from the database of multiaxial tests found in the literature. Bolted or welded assemblies are singular areas in the structures. In order to better understand the fatiguebehavior of the bolt in an assembly, a tee-stub in which the bolt can be pre-stressed by clamping is modeled by finite elements under Salome-meca software. The preload is modeled numerically by imposing a relative axial displacement between the nodes of the nut and those of the rod of the screw. The FB axial force and the MB bending moment obtained in the screw with the numerical model of the tee-stub is validated by analytical solutions on the one hand and by experimental results (static tension tests on a tee-stub) on the other hand. A parametric study is conducted to analyze the fatigue influences of the bolt preload, its diameter, its location with respect to the tee-stub soul and the flange thickness. The analysis first focused on the bolt damage level, then on its fatigue life using the multiaxial fatigue post-processing tool built as part of this work. Numerical simulations of damage and fatigue life show a different behavior of the two multiaxial fatigue approaches to take into account the effect of a significanttightening. Experimental tests run on a tee-stub were also conducted to validate the numerical model with respect to the FB axial force and the MB bending moment
Gautrelet, Christophe. "Développement et exploitation d'un banc vibratoire en flexion pour les essais de fatigue Linearity investigation from a vibratory fatigue bench Fatigue curves of a low carbon steel obtained from vibration experiments with an electrodynamic shaker." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR21.
Full textThe aim of Laboratory of Mechanics of Normandy is to provide experimental data to enhance the numerical models developed for structural design. Therefore, we have set up a vibration-based uniaxial bending bench for testing structures under a high cycle fatigue. After setting up specifications to specify the characteristics of the excitations and measurements, a qualification investigation of this test bench is presented in order to obtain the performance ranges based on the assumption of the system linearity. Then, to verify the feasibility in fatigue, we conducted a study to establish a characterization curve of a low carbon steel. Nevertheless, this test bench does not distinguish the phases of initiation, propagation and fracture of the crack. We have therefore proposed some ways to assess the cycle number of crack initiation: the first one is based on the slope variation of the strain amplitude measured from strain gauges and the second one uses the resonant frequency drop. We have thus proposed a simple model of nonlinear damage based on the variation of the resonant frequency which also makes it possible to evaluate the cycle number at fracture of the specimens. The experimental fatigue life obtained by this model is compared with the fatigue life obtained by a damage model provided by the literature
Ruffilli, Roberta. "Modes de fatigue des métallisations à base d'aluminium dans les composants MOSFET de puissance." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30256/document.
Full textThis thesis, a collaboration between CEMES-CNRS, Satie laboratory (ENS Cachan) and NXP Semiconductors is motivated by the comprehension of the failure mechanisms of low voltage power MOSFET devices produced for ap- plications in the automotive industry. A limiting factor for the long-term reliability of power modules is the electro- thermal and/or thermo-mechanical aging of the metallic parts of the source: Al metallization and bonding wires. At the temperature reached during the on-off operating cycles (few hundred degrees), the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the metallization and the oxide and semicon- ductor parts induces an inevitable plastic deformation in the metal, which is the softest material in the complex MOSFET architecture. We have characterized the metal microstructure before and after accelerated electro-thermal aging tests, by using specific techniques from the field of the physical metallurgy: electron and ion microscopy, grain orientation and chem- ical composition mapping. For the first time the source metallization has been characterized both away and under the bonding connections, which are one hundred times thicker than the metallization layer. The latter is a critical loca- tion for the reliability assessment because the ultrasonic bonding process may weaken the initial metallization microstructure by adding an important plas- tic deformation prior to aging. This is, however, poorly stated in the literature because of the difficulty to access the metallization under the wires without damaging their bonding, which is known to be particularly weak in case of aged modules. In order to investigate the wire-metallization interface, we have set up origi- nal sample preparations, based on ion polishing, that allowed us to disclose the metallization under the bonding wires without introducing preparation artifacts in the microstructure. The bonding process induces a severe and non- uniform plastic deformation in the metallization under the wires without re- creating a good electrical contact: small cavities and native oxide residues, have been systematically observed at the Al/Al interface, in all the analyzed mod- ules, before and after aging. The main mechanism behind the device failure is the generation and propa- gation of fatigue cracks in the aluminum metallization, associated to a local Al oxidation that prevents these crack from closing. Away and under the wire bonds, they run perpendicularly from the surface down to the silicon substrate following the grain boundaries, due to an enhanced intergranular diffusion of aluminum atoms. In the bonding area, the phenomenon of parallel cracking is favored by the initial imperfections in the wire-metallization bonding. Ion to- mography experiments have shown that these cracks are confined to the wire- metal interface and do not propagate in the wire despite its lower strength (pure Al, larger grain structure). Crack propagation along the Al/Al interface can cause a contact reduction between the wire and the source metallization and eventually its failure. Such discontinuities in the metal can explain the lo- cal increase in the device resistance and temperature that accelerates the aging process until failure. This study settled new, dedicated techniques and quantification methods to as- sess the aging of the metal parts of MOSFET devices. The full characterization of the intrinsically defective interface generated by the bonding process and the metallization degradation during electro-thermal aging indicated paths to possible improvements of current technologies and potential developments of new processes
Ruffilli, Roberta. "Modes de fatigue des métallisations à base d'aluminium dans les composants MOSFET de puissance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30256.
Full textThis thesis, a collaboration between CEMES-CNRS, Satie laboratory (ENS Cachan) and NXP Semiconductors is motivated by the comprehension of the failure mechanisms of low voltage power MOSFET devices produced for ap- plications in the automotive industry. A limiting factor for the long-term reliability of power modules is the electro- thermal and/or thermo-mechanical aging of the metallic parts of the source: Al metallization and bonding wires. At the temperature reached during the on-off operating cycles (few hundred degrees), the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the metallization and the oxide and semicon- ductor parts induces an inevitable plastic deformation in the metal, which is the softest material in the complex MOSFET architecture. We have characterized the metal microstructure before and after accelerated electro-thermal aging tests, by using specific techniques from the field of the physical metallurgy: electron and ion microscopy, grain orientation and chem- ical composition mapping. For the first time the source metallization has been characterized both away and under the bonding connections, which are one hundred times thicker than the metallization layer. The latter is a critical loca- tion for the reliability assessment because the ultrasonic bonding process may weaken the initial metallization microstructure by adding an important plas- tic deformation prior to aging. This is, however, poorly stated in the literature because of the difficulty to access the metallization under the wires without damaging their bonding, which is known to be particularly weak in case of aged modules. In order to investigate the wire-metallization interface, we have set up origi- nal sample preparations, based on ion polishing, that allowed us to disclose the metallization under the bonding wires without introducing preparation artifacts in the microstructure. The bonding process induces a severe and non- uniform plastic deformation in the metallization under the wires without re- creating a good electrical contact: small cavities and native oxide residues, have been systematically observed at the Al/Al interface, in all the analyzed mod- ules, before and after aging. The main mechanism behind the device failure is the generation and propa- gation of fatigue cracks in the aluminum metallization, associated to a local Al oxidation that prevents these crack from closing. Away and under the wire bonds, they run perpendicularly from the surface down to the silicon substrate following the grain boundaries, due to an enhanced intergranular diffusion of aluminum atoms. In the bonding area, the phenomenon of parallel cracking is favored by the initial imperfections in the wire-metallization bonding. Ion to- mography experiments have shown that these cracks are confined to the wire- metal interface and do not propagate in the wire despite its lower strength (pure Al, larger grain structure). Crack propagation along the Al/Al interface can cause a contact reduction between the wire and the source metallization and eventually its failure. Such discontinuities in the metal can explain the lo- cal increase in the device resistance and temperature that accelerates the aging process until failure. This study settled new, dedicated techniques and quantification methods to as- sess the aging of the metal parts of MOSFET devices. The full characterization of the intrinsically defective interface generated by the bonding process and the metallization degradation during electro-thermal aging indicated paths to possible improvements of current technologies and potential developments of new processes
Luong, Viet Dung. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique des phénomènes d’endommagement par fatigue des emballages." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS012.
Full textIn this thesis, we have experimentally characterized compact and corrugated cardboard packaging using specific tests that reproduce transport conditions. After carrying out tensile tests to characterize the orthotropic behavior of papers and cardboard, we determined by static compression tests the box compressive strength (BCT) of the cardboard and corrugated cardboard boxes. For the dynamic analysis, we conducted random vibration and shock experiments on these packages. We then implemented an orthotropic elastoplastic behavior model (IPE) for papers and cardboard in Abaqus software using the VUMAT user program. We also proposed a homogenization of the IPE model for corrugated cardboard, which we implemented in the Abaqus software using the UGENS user program. We have shown that the IPE elastoplastic model allows a very satisfactory description of the static and dynamic behavior of cardboard boxes.The use of the homogenized IPE model allowed, on the one hand, the easy design of the geometry, and on the other hand, the significant reduction in computation times. The results obtained with the homogenized model compared verywell with those obtained with the full 3D model and the experimental results in statics and dynamics. Finally, for the simulation of the fatigue tests, we carried out simulations of successive impact tests until the box was damaged, and we used a fatigue model in the Fe-Safe software to determine the fatigue life of the boxes. The results of the simulations obtained show that our model makes it possible to well reproduce the experimental results for the three endurance zones of the damage boundary curves
Booth, Étienne. "Interaction entre l'anxiété, la perception de fatigue et la variabilité du rythme cardiaque en contexte d'expédition hivernale." Thèse, Université Laval, 2013. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2706/1/030586192.pdf.
Full textDantas, João Paulo Ribeiro. "Investigação experimental da fadiga em lajes de pontes armadas com barras ou telas soldadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-20102010-160417/.
Full textThis research presents the studies, tests and the analysis of the results about the behavior of concrete structures reinforced with rebars or steel mesh due to fatigue loading, starting with bridge slabs which are the most susceptible elements to fatigue. The experimental part of this research consists in testing the behavior due to fatigue of concrete slabs, with or without pre-slabs and reinforced with continuous bars or steel mesh. Axial testing in air of 36 specimens of CA50 f10 mm in continuous bars and mesh were made in order to build the Wöhler Curve for Brazilian conditions. Beyond that, tests were made in 20 concrete slabs with pre-slabs, with several reinforcements arrangement. The 20 slabs were submitted to static and dynamic loading. The reinforcement configuration was based on the commonly used for these elements. The scarcity of more precise data about the behavior of concrete slabs reinforced with rebars or welded mesh made in Brazil submitted to cycle loading was the major reason to make a research based on the testing results about this theme, which results and conclusions are capable of producing more accurate information about the behavior of the slabs.
Tyillian, Tammy A. "Reliability of regulating treadmill exercise using ratings of perceived exertion." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115425.
Full textSchool of Physical Education
Marques, Vinícius Abrão da Silva. "Desenvolvimento de testes acelerados de fadiga aplicados a atuadores eletrônicos de turbocompressores." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14934.
Full textThe current market trend implies in products with high quality, reliability, durability, performance and low cost. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in tests which indicate before the component s life. Different vibration tests are involved in the conception phase: development, prequalification, qualification, endurance, certification and homologation. Accelerated vibration tests can provide results in a short time which are representative of real world, avoid over-design and under-design and obtaining identical failure in lab as in field. It is very important to know the vibration components which affect the product and obtain the excitation amplitudes values in each frequency to apply in shaker tests, reproducing the same failures modes due random and sinusoidal vibrations. The objective of this work is develop a procedure to generate a sine-onrandom profile to test electronic actuators of Variable Geometry Turbocharger in accelerated vibration shaker tests. It was used the Taylor Methods and Maximum Response Spectrum/Fatigue Damage Spectrum as parameters to compare the accelerated Power Spectrum Density based on field data with standard procedure defined by ISO 16750-3 (2003) to develop shaker tests to electronics components used in automotive applications. The results show the benefits of this method to compare different types of tests and it was possible to determine the best profile to test components in a shorter time, submitted to both sine and random vibration.
As necessidades atuais do mercado e a alta competitividade vêm pressionando as empresas a investirem em inovação dos produtos com alta qualidade, baixo custo e garantindo a sua confiabilidade e durabilidade. É necessário então investir em metodologias de testes em laboratório que indiquem na etapa de desenvolvimento do produto, se o mesmo irá falhar ou não em campo quando exposto aos esforços da aplicação. Diferentes testes de vibração são aplicados para se testar a durabilidade do produto nas etapas de desenvolvimento, préqualificação, qualificação, certificação e homologação. Testes acelerados podem indicar o comportamento do produto quando exposto aos esforços naturais ao longo de sua vida, porém sendo necessária poucas horas de teste em laboratório, evitando os elevados gastos dos testes em campo. Para tanto é importante conhecer o espectro de vibração do produto para se definir o teste em excitadores eletrodinâmicos e reproduzir os mesmos modos de falha devido à vibrações. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um procedimento para definição de testes harmônicos e aleatórios aplicados a atuadores eletrônicos de turbocompressores de geometria variada em testes de vibração acelerados. Foi utilizado o Método de Taylor e os Espectros de Máxima Resposta e de Dano por Fadiga para comparar os sinais acelerados de vibração do atuador com o sinal estabelecido pela norma ISO 16750-3 (2003), a qual define testes de fadiga por vibração para componentes eletrônicos utilizados em aplicações automotivas. Os resultados mostram os benefícios da utilização deste método para comparar diferentes tipos de testes de vibração e ainda foi possível determinar o melhor sinal a ser utilizado para se testar atuadores em um curto tempo, submetidos à vibrações do tipo harmônica e aleatória.
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Poondla, Narendra Babu. "A STUDY OF WELDED BUILT-UP BEAMS MADE FROM TITANIUM AND A TITANIUM ALLOY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271095999.
Full textPagano, Fabrizio. "Mécanismes de fatigue dominés par les fibres dans les composites stratifiés d’unidirectionnels." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM039/document.
Full textUnder quasi-static and fatigue tension loads, the failure of a carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminate (CFRP) is usually driven by 0° plies. Carbon fibres give most of the stiffness and strength of these plies. In this work, the fatigue behaviour of 0° plies inside unidirectional (UD) and multidirectional laminates is analysed via multi-instrumented tension-tension fatigue tests. A numerical and experimental study is addressed to perform fatigue tests without the typical premature failures of the UD laminates. The acoustic emissions technique is used to identify the evolution law of fibre breaks. A finite element model is developed at the microscale (fibres and matrix) to analyse the fibre-driven fatigue mechanisms
Kathekeyan, Myuran. "Fatigue performance and design of cold-formed steel roof battens under cyclic wind uplift loads." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122471/1/Myuran_Kathekeyan_Thesis.pdf.
Full textBorin, Gabriela. "Influência da fadiga da musculatura inversora e eversora do tornozelo nos testes funcionais de salto e no controle postural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-20102014-152215/.
Full textMuscle fatigue of the stabilizing muscles of the ankle may influence in the performance of functional activities and postural control. It is important to have quantitative tests that helps assess the function of individuals to provide highest level of evidence for clinical practice decisions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance in jumping functional tests and static equilibrium of healthy people in the conditions pre and post fatigue of invertors and evertor ankle muscles. Thirty healthy volunteers of both genders were evaluated with a mean age of 24.3 ± 2.0 (28 - 20) years old and physically active, 2-3 times a week and average 1.7 ± 0.6 (1-3 ) hours per day. Two days of evaluation were performed, one day in the condition without fatigue and the other day with fatigue of invertor and evertor muscles. The minimum interval between the days of evaluation was 48 hours. Tests included: static posturography on the force platform (AMTI) in bipedal support with open and closed eyes and; unipodal support with eyes open; and jumping functional tests (figure eight, cross, side and square). The fatigue was induced by isokinetic dynamometry (Byodex) of the invertor and evertor ankle muscles with 30 repetitions at 120°/sec. Data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS and p <= 0.05. The results showed worsening in the performance of functional tests and postural control in all conditions, after induction of muscle fatigue. Fatigue impairs proprioception and kinesthetic ankle joint by increasing the threshold for discharge of muscle spindle, decreased articular afference and sense of alert. The jumping functional tests can be considered useful for clinical practice and also is considered low-cost
Prédine, Éric. "Validation d'un fauteuil roulant ergomètre, des tests ergospirométrique et dynamométrique et de l'enregistrement électromyographique de la fatigue musculaire : réponse ventilatoire, cardio-circulatoire, métabolique et musculaire chez des personnes valides et handicapées au cours de l'exercice dynamique progressif." Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0362_PREDINE.pdf.
Full textFan, Jinyang. "Recherche de propriétés de fatigue dommages et dilatance de roche sous chargement cyclique discontinu." Thesis, Côte d'Azur, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4030/document.
Full textSince the salt cavern storage of natural gas and compressed air plays a critical role in ensuring the energy supply and adjusting the seasonal imbalance of power, China government has been constructing numerous new storages in recent years. Because of the seasonal of the seasonal variations of the gas/air pressure, the storages undergo cyclic loading, which causes rock fatigue and induces the associated safety and environmental hazards. The investigation of the discontinuous fatigue of salt under cyclic loading is therefore very important and is the subject of this study, which focuses on the experimental investigations and the development of the constitutive models describing the fatigue deformation. This thesis includes the following principal parts: ① Conventional cyclic loading testing to investigate the basic properties of fatigue in salt. ② Discontinuous cyclic loading tests testing to investigate the discontinuous fatigue. ③ Acoustic emission detecting experimentation to track the evolution of the fatigue damage in the salt. ④ Development of the fatigue life model and constitutive model for the discontinuous fatigue, based on the obtained experimental results
Martineau, Donatien. "Caractérisation de l'endommagement de composants électroniques de puissance soumis à des tests de vieillissement accéléré." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0004/document.
Full textIntegration of power electronic devices in automotive applications requires a perfect knowledge of their reliability as these components are subjected to more drastic electrothermal stresses. This study aims at determining the physical mechanisms responsible for degradation and failure of modern MOSFET-based power microprocessors during accelerated and controlled fatigue tests.After a description of the recent developments in power electronics that led to today's SmartMos technology from Freescale Semiconductor, the different microstructural characterizing techniques (SAM, SAT, SEM, SIM, TEM, …) and the specific scale for which they are used are detailed.The accelerated ageing of the components were carried out on a fatigue bench to evaluate the component lifetime according to parameters such as the temperature, current and pulse durations. A complete analysis of failed components showed that the area which is primarily affected by the electro-thermal cycling is the metal source that includes aluminum metallization and connection wires. In controlled ageing tests, we showed that the drain-source resistance (Rdson) increase was due to the metal source resistance augmentation. This phenomenon is linked to the degradation of the Aluminum layer that happens through grains division and crack propagation along the grain boundaries
Zheng, Zhou. "DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MULTILAYER POLYMER FILMS FOR HIGH ENERGY DENSITY CAPACITORS &PREDICTING LONG-TERM CREEP FAILURE OF A BIMODAL POLYETHYLENE PIPE FROM SHORT-TERM FATIGUE TESTS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1369331821.
Full textZANELLATI, Davide. "PROVE A FATICA MULTI-ASSIALE SU SHAKER ELETTRO-DINAMICO: PROGETTAZIONE, SIMULAZIONI NUMERICHE E RISULTATI SPERIMENTALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488038.
Full textIn the structural durability assessment, besides the use of theoretical and numerical methods, it is customary to carry out experimental tests to directly estimate the material strength against the application of external loads. The interest is often restricted to bending-torsion loading, considered very common in engineering applications. Over the years, different test methodologies that differ in terms of machines used, geometry specimen and type of excitation, have been proposed. None of them unfortunately can apply a bending-torsion loading to the specimen. Only two layouts seem promising, but they have some limitations both from an economic point of view and from the lack of an experimental validation through a prototype. The following thesis presents an innovative testing system able to perform multi-axial tests on tri-axial shaker in which the bending and torsion loadings acting on the specimen can be controlled independently. The system is composed of a cylindrical and notched specimen and a cantilever beam with two equal tip masses mounted at the specimen free extremity. The system is excited by vertical and/or horizontal base accelerations. The free end of the specimen is constrained by a thin and flexible plate that prevents any bending deformations of the specimen against horizontal excitations, but allows its rotation. So this layout is capable to control independently bending and torsion loadings when vertical and horizontal base accelerations are applied simultaneously. An analytical lumped-mass model and a finite elements model are used to design and verify the proposed system, through the estimation of the dynamic responses, the deformations and the stress state. A testing system prototype was realized and then validated by preliminary tests in the laboratory with harmonic base accelerations . The strain values were monitored in the T-clamping system by strain gauges. Such strains are used by the two models in order to obtain an estimate of the elastic peak stress acting in the net section of the specimen. The close correlation between numerical and experimental results shows that the testing system is really capable to control the bending and torsion loadings independently. Subsequently, fatigue tests (only bending and only torsion) with harmonic accelerations applied by shakers were carried out in the laboratory. It is shown that accelerated tests on shaker with harmonic base accelerations allow to perform constant amplitude fatigue tests , whose results are comparable with those obtained on an MTS machine. Finally, uni-axial fatigue tests with bending random loading and multi-axial fatigue tests with random bending-torsion loadings were performed. A predictive method of fatigue life is presented for both types of tests . The numerical results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental ones, thus proving the goodness of the predictive methods used.
Balit, Yanis. "Mechanical properties of additively manufactured or repaired single-track thickness structures by Directed Energy Deposition." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAX014.
Full textThis thesis was dedicated to the study of 316L stainless steel additively manufactured or repaired specimens by Directed Energy Deposition (DED). Different configurations were manufactured under optimal process parameters. The novelty of this work is the observation of the microstructural strain localization. This experiment combined an in situ tensile test inside a scanning electron microscope with high resolution digital image correlation and an electron backscatter diffraction map. These results allowed for a fresh interpretation of monotonic tensile tests as well as of self-heating experiments under cyclic loading and the failure patterns observed at the surface of specimens. The first objective was to understand the deformation mechanisms at the grain scale which could explain the observed macroscopic anisotropy of the tensile properties as reported in literature. Two loading directions, along and perpendicular, were considered with respect to the printing direction for fully printed specimens. We observed that for a tensile load perpendicular to the printing direction, the strain localization is mainly situated at some interlayers. For a tensile load along the printing direction, the strain localization was observed in some particular regions of large grains. The second objective was the assessment of DED as a repair technology. Dog bone shaped repaired specimens (half hot rolled sheet and half printed) were designed and they exhibited an important hierarchical microstructural gradient. We noticed that the interface is not a weak area during a monotonic tensile test. Moreover, while homogeneous strain was observed in the substrate half, the printed half showed a strain heterogeneity, with the highest localization found at some interlayers. An unstrained zone was observed at both sides of the interface and was associated with higher hardness. The last objective was to evaluate the fatigue properties by self-heating tests. The experiment has proven that the difficulties due to the small dimensions of the single-track thickness specimens can be overcome by careful construction of the experimental set-up. The results revealed a certain correlation between the pattern of the microstructure, the deformation pattern at this scale and the self-heating results. Anisotropy was highlighted during these cyclic tests where specimens tested perpendicularly to the printing direction showed higher fatigue limits in comparison to the ones tested along the printing direction. Post mortem analysis revealed a multitude of cracks at interlayers for the specimens tested perpendicularly to the printing direction creating several sites of heat diffusion. For the specimens tested along the printing direction, a more classical fatigue scenario was observed with one dominating crack and thus a localized heat dissipation
Sasaki, Layla. "Influence du vieillissement sur la résistance à la fissuration par fatigue à haute température d'alliages de titane pour mâts-réacteurs." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0006/document.
Full textThe conception of more efficient aircraft engines induces increased stress and temperature levels on the titanium alloys constitutive of the engine pylon. On the one hand, these materials have to be qualified in terms of damage tolerance. On the other hand, the long term high temperature exposure of these titanium alloys gives also rise to the question of thermal aging and metallurgical stability. Hence, the dimensioning as well as the maintenance of such aerostructures need to be considered in the light of both these critical issues.In the present work, the cyclic behavior as well as the fatigue crack resistance of different titanium alloys (TA6V, Ti 6242 et Ti 17), with various microstructures were studied after different aging conditions. Aging induces mainly an increase in crack growth rates at high values of the stress intensity factor, at room temperature. Subsequently, a thorough characterization procedure of this phenomenon was undertaken,including various types of loadings, at different scales and associated with fractographic analyses. The results allowed to suggest a damage scenario before and after aging, in the case of the alloy most affected by aging: theTi 17 alloy. This scenario shows the occurrence of a « static » mode of failure, which is linked to a damage process associated with intralamellar fracture and decohesion, without noticeable changes in the cyclic behavior. Finally, a time-temperature equivalency approach was developed to describe the kinetics of degradation of the mechanical properties induced by aging
Guevenoux, Camille. "Réparation de pièces métalliques par Directed Energy Deposition : gradient microstructural, comportement mécanique et tenue en fatigue." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAX006.
Full textDirected Energy Deposition (DED) process is a powder-jet additive manufacturing process involving a nozzle composed of coaxial laser beam and powder stream. The laser generates a melt pool in which the powder is projected, it melts and then solidifies creating a deposit as the nozzle moves. However, this process is particularly appealing to repair valuable metallic components. The small spot size and fast motions of the laser causes strong thermal gradient and important cooling rates and this specific thermal evolution is responsible for the formation of microstructures different from traditional processes like forge or foundry. Consequently, the repaired components exhibits an interface between the base material (generally wrought) and the region reconstructed with DED. This microstructural gradient leads to a mechanical gradient and therefore to localization phenomena which can affect the lifetime of repaired components. This thesis proposes a method to characterize the interface region of repaired components. A semi-analytic tool has been developed to model the thermal evolution during the repair process in order to design representative specimens, in terms of geometry but also in terms of thermal history. The microstructural gradient through the interface is first characterized with a SEM and EBSD analyses. Tensile specimen are then taken in the interface region and loaded during SEM in-situ tests. The strain is followed at the micrometric scale with Digital Image Correlation, what provides the information regarding localization phenomena. Those experimental data are then injected into a numerical method to identify the local parameters of the mechanical behavior by minimizing the error between the experimental and numerical fields. Using this mechanical gradient, the stress in fatigue specimens is derived. A fatigue limit is then derived from the experimental results of the fatigue tests and it is compared to the endurance of the original part to estimate the reduction of resistance caused by the repair
Jannoun, Mayssam. "Fiabilité des structures en vibrations aléatoires : application aux systèmes mécatroniques embarqués." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR06.
Full textRandom vibrations are the most representative excitations that can be found in the real environment. They are often encountered in the automotive, aeronautical, space, railway and other operating environments. The special feature of the random vibrations is their important role in damage fatigue analysis. The spectral methods allow to estimate efficiently and economically the mean of the damage using the statistical properties of the random signals. A numerical study on an embedded electronic system with experimental tests was set up in this thesis to present a complete spectral analysis of random vibrations methodology. A finite element model was performed as well as submodelling technique in spectral analysis of random vibrations with associated equations was proposed in this work. A numerical application has shown the validity of the proposed technique by applying the fatigue damage study using the time-domain approach and the spectral approach. The numerical results of this application lead to the estimation of a crack initiation time very close to the failure time observed in the experimental tests. This technique shows the performance and efficiency of spectral methods in the estimation of random fatigue damage. The optimization of a system subjected to random excitations has been developed in this work. The objective of this study is to retrieve the optimal design of the system subjected to random vibrations with limitations on the resulting damage. This damage estimated by Dirlik and Single Moment spectral methods must not exceed defined target damage in order to insure the reliability of the studied system
Iwanaga, Fabio Issao. "Avaliação da influência do tipo de agregado, do tipo de ligante, do tipo de moldagem e do tipo de fíler na vida de fadiga de misturas asfálticas densas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-21112007-111323/.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the fatigue behavior of some asphalt mixtures, by means of indirect tests with controlled stress, considering the variation of four factors: aggregate type, asphalt type, molded type and filler type. The specimens was molded in same gradation (center of DNER C gradation), according to Marshall, ASTM D 4867 or AASHTO T 283 design method, with the variation of three aggregates (basaltic, granite and gabbro), two asphalt (CAP 20 and CAP 40) and the presence of lime. Tests results of indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus and fatigue are presented. The fatigue models are constructed as a function of the differences of stress and strain. The fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures was evaluated based on three structures which the stress and strains was estimated with aid of ELSYM5 program. The tests results indicated that all mixtures molded with AASHTO T 283 design method presented higher fatigue life than the other ones, and almost all asphalt mixtures molded with CAP 40 presented higher fatigue life than mixtures molded with CAP 20. Considering the type of aggregate, the specimens molded with gabbro presented higher fatigue life than basaltic and granite. The mixtures molded with presence of lime presented an increase in fatigue life.