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Journal articles on the topic 'Fatty acids Chemical reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Akula and Kwon. "Bioenzymatic and Chemical Derivatization of Renewable Fatty Acids." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (2019): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100566.

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In addition to our previous efforts toward bioenzymatic and chemical transformations of ricinoleic acid and oleic acid to their corresponding ,-dicarboxylic acids via their ester intermediates driven in Escherichia coli cells, several efficient oxidation conditions were investigated and optimized for the conversion of -hydroxycarboxylic acids to ,-dicarboxylic acids. Pd/C-catalyzed oxidation using NaBH4 in a basic aqueous alcohol and Ni(II) salt-catalyzed oxidation using aqueous sodium hypochlorite were considered to be excellent as a hybrid reaction for three successive chemical reactions (hy

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2

Fontecha-Tarazona, H. D., R. C. Brinkerhoff, P. M. de Oliveira, et al. "Multicomponent synthesis of novel hybrid PHQ-fatty acids." RSC Advances 5, no. 73 (2015): 59638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09433j.

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3

Gunstone, Frank D. "Chemical reactions of fatty acids with special reference to the carboxyl group." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 103, no. 5 (2001): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200105)103:5<307::aid-ejlt307>3.0.co;2-d.

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Hinzmann, Alessa, Selina Sophie Druhmann, and Harald Gröger. "Synthesis of Bifunctional Molecules for the Production of Polymers Based on Unsaturated Fatty Acids as Bioderived Raw Materials." Sustainable Chemistry 1, no. 3 (2020): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem1030018.

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Currently, investigations of polymer-building blocks made from biorenewable feedstocks such as, for example, fatty acids, are of high interest for the chemical industry. An alternative synthesis of nitrile-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids as precursors for ω-amino acids, which are useful to produce polymers, was investigated starting from biorenewable fatty acids. By hydroformylation of unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated acids being accessible from unsaturated fatty acids by cross-metathesis reactions, aldehydes are formed. In this work, the hydroformylation of such unsaturated acids

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Lie Ken Jie, Marcel S. F., and M. S. K. Syed Rahmatullah. "Lipase-catalyzed reactions involving thia fatty acids and ester derivatives." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 72, no. 11 (1995): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02546215.

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6

Sytryn, Anastasiia, Iryna Cholak, Oksana Yemelianova, and Uliana Karpiuk. "Pharmacognostic analysis of Salvia hispanica L. seeds." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 2 (30) (April 30, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2021.230290.

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The aim. The aim of this work was to conduct a microscopic and phytochemical study of the seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Materials and methods. Chia seeds were examined macroscopically and microscopically. To study the qualitative composition of the main groups of biologically active substances, histochemical, microchemical and chemical reactions were used. Hydroxycinnamic acids were identified by paper chromatography. To obtain a lipophilic extract, a Soxhlet apparatus and an exhaustive chloroform extraction method were used. The study of the quantitative content of fatty acids wa

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7

Honorato de Oliveira, Brenda Fernanda, Luiz Ferreira de França, Nádia Cristina Fernandes Corrêa, Nielson Fernando da Paixão Ribeiro, and Mauricio Velasquez. "Renewable Diesel Production from Palm Fatty Acids Distillate (PFAD) via Deoxygenation Reactions." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (2021): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091088.

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The reactions to produce liquid biofuels from a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under hydrogen absence were carried out using 10 wt% NiO/zeolite (Ni/Zeo), 10 wt% Co3O4/zeolite (Co/Zeo), and 10 wt% (NiO + Co3O4)/zeolite (NiCo/Zeo) as catalysts. The zeolite was synthesized by a thermal and chemical treatment from natural clay, obtaining a zeolite A and sodalite mixture. Catalytic activity was evaluated as a function of reaction temperature (250, 300, and 350 °C) during 0.5 h and using 5 wt% of catalyst. The reaction products were classified as organic liquid products (OLPs), gaseous products,

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Gunstone, Frank D. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactions of Fatty Acids with Special Reference to the Carboxyl Group." ChemInform 32, no. 43 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200143280.

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9

Anikeev, V. I., and A. Ermakova. "Calculating chemical equilibrium in the stepwise transesterification reactions of mixed triglycerides of fatty acids." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 86, no. 2 (2012): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024412020045.

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10

Velíšek, J., and K. Cejpek. "Biosynthesis of food constituents: Lipids. 1. Fatty acids and derivated compounds – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 24, No. 5 (2011): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3317-cjfs.

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This review article gives a survey of the principal biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important common fatty acids and their derivatives occurring in foods and feeds. Fatty acids are further subdivided to saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. This review is focused on the less common fatty acids including geometrical and positional isomers of unsaturated fatty acids, acetylenic fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, alicyclic fatty acids, epoxy fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, and oxo fatty acids. A survey is further given on the biosynthesis of the aliphatic very-lon

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Ledea-Lozano, O. E., L. A. Fernández-García, D. Gil-Ibarra, et al. "Characterization of different ozonized sunflower oils I. Chemical changes during ozonization." Grasas y Aceites 70, no. 4 (2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1166182.

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Vegetable oils are usually rich in unsaturated fatty acids which are susceptible to oxidation. The oxidation of vegetable oils has been one of the most widely studied fields within lipid chemistry, because it alters their properties and nutritive value, inducing the formation of harmful compounds and off-flavors. Moreover, oxidized vegetable oils display altered physical and chemical properties which are conferred by the newer oxygenated compounds they contain. This is the case of ozonized oils. Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent that mainly acts on olefinic compounds which generate ozonides

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Intarasuk, Chayut, Varong Pavarajarn, Supakorn Sirimittagoon, and Ratchanon Chantanuson. "Selective Oxidative Cleavage of Oleic Acid on Alumina Supported Metal Catalyst." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133305002.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFAs) are valuable raw materials in wide range of chemical and medical applications. They can be converted to other derivatives by known chemical reactions. Unfortunately, both SCFAs MCFAs are not as abundant in nature as long-chain fatty acid (LCFAs). In this work, the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid, which is one of the most abundant unsaturated LCFAs in nature, was studied. The oxidation was induced by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a commercial alumina-supported metal catalyst. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography e

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Intarasuk, Chayut, Varong Pavarajarn, Supakorn Sirimittagoon, and Ratchanon Chantanuson. "Selective Oxidative Cleavage of Oleic Acid on Alumina Supported Metal Catalyst." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133305002.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFAs) are valuable raw materials in wide range of chemical and medical applications. They can be converted to other derivatives by known chemical reactions. Unfortunately, both SCFAs MCFAs are not as abundant in nature as long-chain fatty acid (LCFAs). In this work, the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid, which is one of the most abundant unsaturated LCFAs in nature, was studied. The oxidation was induced by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a commercial alumina-supported metal catalyst. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography e

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Hegarty, R. S. "Mechanisms for competitively reducing ruminal methanogenesis." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99007.

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Methane production is the principal end use of hydrogen gas derived by phosphoroclastic reactions or the release of protons from reducing equivalents by hydrogenases in the rumen. It should therefore be possible to reduce methanogenesis by (1) inhibiting H2 liberating reactions, (2) promoting alternative reactions which accept H+ during reoxidation of reducing equivalents, and (3) promoting alternative H2-using reactions. Strategies to reduce methanogenesis by these means are discussed. Particular attention is given to increasing synthesis of propionate and long chain fatty acids in the rumen,

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15

Oliver-Tomas, Borja, Michael Renz, and Avelino Corma. "High Quality Biowaxes from Fatty Acids and Fatty Esters: Catalyst and Reaction Mechanism for Accompanying Reactions." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 56, no. 45 (2017): 12870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01794.

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16

Endalew, Abebe K., and Yohannes Kiros. "Catalytic Autoxidation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Jatropha Oil." Journal of Fuels 2014 (October 16, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/470790.

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Metal catalysts for transesterification of vegetable oils can cause autoxidation side reactions which reduces the fuel quality of the biodiesel. On the other side, oxidation of highly unsaturated oils can open opportunities for the synthesis of other important renewable chemical products. This study reports catalytic oxidation of fatty acids of Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) by Li-CaO/Fe2(SO4)3 catalyst during transesterification at mild reaction conditions. The catalytic oxidation of the triglycerides was shown to be enhanced by the presence of lithium incorporated in the otherwise active catalyst

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Campo, M. M., S. J. Elmore, G. R. Nute, J. D. Wood, D. S. Mottram та M. Enser. "Relationship between linoleic and α-linolenic acids in cooked meat odour development". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013636.

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During cooking, chemical reactions within the muscle produce volatile and non-volatile compounds characteristic of meat aroma and taste. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential in these reactions (Mottram and Edwards, 1983). In ruminants, differences in intramuscular PUFA composition have been classically associated with high n-3 content in grass fed animals and high n-6 content in concentrate fed animals. We investigated the effect on odour perception of in vitro reactions between linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the presence of cysteine and ribose, when they were present in ratios

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18

Teacă, Carmen-Alice, and Fulga Tanasă. "Wood Surface Modification—Classic and Modern Approaches in Wood Chemical Treatment by Esterification Reactions." Coatings 10, no. 7 (2020): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070629.

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Wood surface modification is a comprehensive concept which, in time, turned out to be as successful as challenging when it comes to improve the resistance of wood during its life cycle in both indoor and outdoor applications. The initial approaches have aimed at simple methods with immediate results. Nowadays, the paradigm has slightly changed due to the scientific and technical advances, and some methods has become intermediate stages in more complex processes, after being used, for long time, as stand-alone procedures. The esterification was employed as a convenient method for wood surface m

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19

Nowicki, Janusz, Jolanta Drabik, Dorota Stańczyk, Jan Mosio-Mosiewski, and Piotr Woszczyński. "Statistical optimization of the synthesis of plant-derived fatty acid esters of TMP over homogeneous organometallic tin catalyst." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 20, no. 2 (2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2018-0024.

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Abstract A class of very important industrial-grade biolubricants was synthesized from plant-derived fatty acids (oleic and isostearic acid) by direct esterification of trimethylolpropane according to novel effective and high selective method using Sn bis(2-ethylhexanoate) as catalyst. Model transesterification reactions were performed with oleic and isostearic acids to optimize the reaction conditions to obtain maximum content of TMP triesters. Used specific homogeneous Sn catalyst allows to obtain TMP esters with very high content of triesters, above of 94 wt% without deep vacuum purifying d

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20

Gülz, Paul-Gerhard, and Franz-Josef Marner. "Esters of Benzyl Alcohol and 2-Phenyl-ethanol-1 in Epicuticular Waxes from Jojoba Leaves." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 7-8 (1986): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-7-801.

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Abstract Esters of very long chain fatty acids with benzyl alcohol and the homologue 2-phenyl-ethanol-1 were found in the epicuticular waxes from Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) leaves. The isolation of these esters by chromatographic methods, the structural elucidation by GC-MS and their chemical reactions and synthesis are described.

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21

Legako, Jerrad F. "361 Beef flavor chemistry and how it influences sensory perception." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.177.

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Abstract Flavor can be simply defined as the combination of taste and aroma. Taste refers to the five basic receptors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Flavor is the perception of chemical compounds reacting with receptors in the oral and nasal cavities (aroma) in combination with taste. For beef, flavor is considered a primary eating quality trait. Flavor is developed during cooking through a combination of numerous chemical reactions, principally the Maillard reaction and oxidation of lipids. Any factor which mediates precursor compounds to these reactions may influence flavor chemistr

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22

Fadiloğlu, S., O. N. Çiftçi, and F. Göğüş. "Reduction of Free Fatty Acid Content of Olive-Pomace Oil by Enzymatic Glycerolysis." Food Science and Technology International 9, no. 1 (2003): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013203009001002.

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The enzymatic glycerolysis of free fatty acids in olive-pomace oil was carried out by immobilised Candida antarctica lipase. The effects of time, molecular sieve, enzyme concentration and reaction temperature on free fatty acids content were investigated. The initial acidity of the olive-pomace oil (32%) was reduced to 2.36% in the presence of 750 mg of molecular sieve in the reaction mixture. The effectiveness of glycerolysis was directly related to the amount of molecular sieve present. As the amount of molecular sieve increased, the conversion of free fatty acids also increased at a defined

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23

Jensen, NJ, and T. Sumpter. "Development of Experimental Methods for Study of Gas-Phase Charge-Reversal Charge Transfer Processes of Potential Interest in Smoke Chemistry." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 16, no. 3 (1995): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0636.

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AbstractGas phase reactions are of fundamental interest in smoke chemistry. Many types of reactions and decompositions have been characterized. However, one type of reaction, the charge transfer process, is very difficult to characterize by conventional means. Methods have been developed using a four sector tandem mass spectrometer for chemical characterization of charge-reversal charge transfer reaction products. This is accomplished by operating two of the sectors of the instrument in the negative ion mode and the other two sectors of the instrument in the positive ion mode with inert gas co

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Vitiello, Rosa, Francesco Taddeo, Vincenzo Russo, et al. "Production of Sustainable Biochemicals by Means of Esterification Reaction and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030046.

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In recent years, the use of renewable raw materials for the production of chemicals has been the subject of different studies. In particular, the interest of the present study was the use of oleins, mixtures of free fatty acids (FFAs), and oleic acid to produce bio-based components for lubricants formulations and the investigation of the performance of a styrene-divinylbenzene acid resin (sPSB-SA) in the esterification reaction of fatty acids. This resin has shown good activity as a heterogeneous catalyst and high stability at elevated temperatures (180 °C). It was tested in the esterification

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Hudzenko, N. V., V. K. Grishchenko, A. V. Barantsova, N. A. Busko, and Z. V. Falchenko. "Cyclic carbonates of rapeseed methyl esters as monomers for urethane composites." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 2 (March 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-135-2-30-38.

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The two-stage synthesis of cyclic carbonates based on methyl esters of fatty acids from rapeseed oil is characterized. The first stage involves the synthesis of epoxides by the reaction of unsaturated methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids with hydrogen peroxide, orthophosphoric and acetic acids. The second step is a carbonization reaction, which was carried out by passing carbon dioxide through the reactive mixture in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as a catalyst. A reactive oligourethane based on cyclocarbonates cyclic carbonates of rapeseed fatty acids and piperazine was synthesiz

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Kamgang Nzekoue, Franks, Thomas Henle, Giovanni Caprioli, Gianni Sagratini, and Michael Hellwig. "Food Protein Sterylation: Chemical Reactions between Reactive Amino Acids and Sterol Oxidation Products under Food Processing Conditions." Foods 9, no. 12 (2020): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121882.

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Sterols, especially cholesterol and phytosterols, are important components of food lipids. During food processing, such as heating, sterols, like unsaturated fatty acids, can be oxidized. Protein modification by secondary products of lipid peroxidation has recently been demonstrated in food through a process called lipation. Similarly, this study was performed to assess, for the first time, the possibility of reactions between food proteins and sterol oxidation products in conditions relevant for food processing. Therefore, reaction models consisting of oxysterol (cholesterol 5α,6α-epoxide) an

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Park, Kwang Seo, Yun Ju Kim, and Eun Kyung Choe. "Composition Characterization of Fatty Acid Zinc Salts by Chromatographic and NMR Spectroscopic Analyses on Their Fatty Acid Methyl Esters." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (December 23, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7594767.

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To implement EU REACH- (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals-) like chemical legislations in various countries of which the purpose is human and environment safety, the first step is substance identification followed by the hazard and risk assessments. Although both structural and composition identifications are required, the latter can more importantly result in the essential data to fill out the required substance information such as purity and concentrations of constituents, as well as impurities. With fatty acid zinc salts (FAZSs) as an exemplary industrial chemical of

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Avramovic, Jelena, Olivera Stamenkovic, Zoran Todorovic, Miodrag Lazic, and Vlada Veljkovic. "Empirical modeling the ultrasound-assisted base-catalyzed sunflower oil methanolysis kinetics." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2012): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110705053a.

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The ultrasound-assisted sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by KOH was studied to define a simple empirical kinetic model useful for reactor design without complex computation. It was assumed that the neutralization of free fatty acids and the saponification reaction were negligible. The methanolysis process rate was observed to be controlled by the mass transfer limitation in the initial heterogeneous regime and by the chemical reaction in the later pseudo-homogeneous regime. The model involving the irreversible second-order kinetics was established and used for simulation of the triacylglyc

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Kastratovic, Vlatko, and Miljan Bigovic. "Esterification of stearic acid with lower monohydroxylic alcohols." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2018): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq170327040k.

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Esters play a significant role in everyday life but also in the chemical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different parameters on the process of esterification of higher monocarboxylic acids with lower monohydroxylic alcohols. We examined the influences of the following variables: the type and amount of the catalyst, the structure of alcohols and fatty acids, the acid/alcohol molar ratio, and the temperature of the esterification process. The descending order of reactivity found alcohols is: 1-butanol > 1-propanol > 2-methyl-1-propanol > ethanol >

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Zahardis, J., and G. A. Petrucci. "The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 5 (2007): 1237–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007.

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Abstract. The heterogeneous processing of organic aerosols by trace oxidants has many implications to atmospheric chemistry and climate regulation. This review covers a model heterogeneous reaction system (HRS): the oleic acid-ozone HRS and other reaction systems featuring fatty acids, and their derivatives. The analysis of the commonly observed aldehyde and organic acid products of ozonolysis (azelaic acid, nonanoic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, nonanal) is described. The relative product yields are noted and explained by the observation of secondary chemical reactions. The secondary reaction pro

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Zahardis, J., and G. A. Petrucci. "The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (2006): 11093–179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-11093-2006.

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Abstract. The heterogeneous processing of organic aerosols by trace oxidants has many implications to atmospheric chemistry and climate regulation. This review covers a model heterogeneous reaction system (HRS): the oleic acid-ozone HRS and other reaction systems featuring fatty acids, and their derivatives. The analysis of the primary products of ozonolysis (azelaic acid, nonanoic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, nonanal) is described. Anomalies in the relative product yields are noted and explained by the observation of secondary chemical reactions. The secondary reaction products arising from reac

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Solano-Delgado, Leidy C., César A. Bravo-Sanabria, Carolina Ardila-Suárez, and Gustavo E. Ramírez-Caballero. "Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Polyglycerol Crosslinked with Citric and Fatty Acids." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3267361.

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Polyglycerol-based hydrogels from biodegradable raw materials were synthesized by crosslinking reactions of polyglycerol with citric and fatty acids. Three hydrogels were studied varying molar ratios of crosslinking agent. It was found that crosslink amount, type, and size play a crucial role in swelling, thermal, mechanical, and stimuli-responsive properties. The hydrogels absorption capacity changed in response to temperature and pH external stimuli. The hydrogel with the highest swelling capacity absorbed more than 7 times its own weight at room temperature and pH 5. This material increased

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Valencia, Diego, Isidoro García-Cruz, Víctor Hugo Uc, Luis Felipe Ramírez-Verduzco, Myriam A. Amezcua-Allieri, and Jorge Aburto. "Unravelling the chemical reactions of fatty acids and triacylglycerides under hydrodeoxygenation conditions based on a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis." Biomass and Bioenergy 112 (May 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.014.

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Robles, V. J., H. S. García, J. A. Monroy, and O. Angulo. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from winterized fish oil Esterificación catalítica de glicerol con ácidos grasos 3-n poliinsaturados de aceite de pescado." Food Science and Technology International 4, no. 6 (1998): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329800400604.

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Menhaden oil was hydrolyzed using a lipase from Pseudomonas sp. The hydrolysate was cold frac tionated at-72°C. Glyceride synthesis was performed using the same lipase under different reaction environments. The best conditions for the esterification reaction were 39 °C for 18 h in a reaction mixture containing anhydrous glycerol, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enriched solution (2% lipids in hexane), hexane, and phosphate buffer-lipase solution (1% w/v). Product composition was 81.33% triacylglycerides and 18.67% of free fatty acids (w/w). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoi

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DE BONI, Luis Alcides Brandini, and Eduardo GOLDANI. "TECHNICAL REPORT 2: ACID CATALYSIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL." Periódico Tchê Química 07, no. 13 (2010): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v7.n13.2010.31_periodico13_pgs_30_32.pdf.

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Several raw materials have been used in the biodiesel production since the implementation of the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel through the Brazilian Law 11.097 of January 13th 2005. The most common way used to produce this biofuel is the transesterification reaction which, among others features, requires a raw material with low acidity level. When this condition is not reached, the esterification reaction is alternatively used to convert free fatty acids into mono alkyl esters. Sulfuric acid is one of the catalysts that can be used in the esterification reaction which, th

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Abolins, Arnis, Ralfs Pomilovskis, Edgars Vanags, et al. "Impact of Different Epoxidation Approaches of Tall Oil Fatty Acids on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040894.

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A second-generation bio-based feedstock—tall oil fatty acids—was epoxidised via two pathways. Oxirane rings were introduced into the fatty acid carbon backbone using a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst-ion exchange resin Amberlite IR-120 H or enzyme catalyst Candida antarctica lipase B under the trade name Novozym® 435. High functionality bio-polyols were synthesised from the obtained epoxidated tall oil fatty acids by oxirane ring-opening and subsequent esterification reactions with different polyfunctional alcohols: trimethylolpropane and triethanolamine. The synthesised epoxidised tall oil

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Aripovsky, A. V., and V. N. Titov. "BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES IN METABOLISM REGULATION. PEPTONS, PEPTIDES, AMINO ACIDS, FATTY ACIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, LIPIDS, AND THE EFFECT OF NUTRICEUTICALS." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 1 (2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-1-14-23.

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According to phylogenetic theory of general pathology, formation of multicellular organisms started when each cell (a unicellular organism) reached the first level of relative biological perfection. By that time the stimuli for perfection of the unicellular exhausted, and formation of the multicellular became a biological necessity. All cells, being associated, formed the second level of relative biological perfection within the principle of biological succession. The association included highly organized unicellular organisms with their specific autocrine biological functions and reactions. A

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Perestrelo, Rosa, Catarina Silva, Carolina Gonçalves, Mariangie Castillo, and José S. Câmara. "An Approach of the Madeira Wine Chemistry." Beverages 6, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages6010012.

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Madeira wine is a fortified Portuguese wine, which has a crucial impact on the Madeira Island economy. The particular properties of Madeira wine result from the unique and specific winemaking and ageing processes that promote the occurrence of chemical reactions among acids, sugars, alcohols, and polyphenols, which are important to the extraordinary quality of the wine. These chemical reactions contribute to the appearance of novel compounds and/or the transformation of others, consequently promoting changes in qualitative and quantitative volatile and non-volatile composition. The current rev

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Psodorov, Djordje, Marijana Acanski, Djura Vujic, Jovana Brkljaca, and Dragan Psodorov. "Homogenity of oil and sugar components of flour amaranth investigated by GC-MS." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 21, no. 1-1 (2015): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq131104007p.

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Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for performing a qualitative analysis of liposoluble and hydrosoluble flour extracts of three genotypes of Amaranthus sp. All three samples were first defatted with hexane. Hexane extracts were used for the analysis of fatty acids of lipid components. TMSH (Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide, 0.2M in methanol) was used as the transesterification reagent. With transesterification reaction, fatty acids were esterified from acilglycerol to methyl-esters. Defatted flour samples were dried in the air and then extracted with ethanol. Ethanol extra

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Löwe, Jana, and Harald Gröger. "Fatty Acid Hydratases: Versatile Catalysts to Access Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Efficient Syntheses of Industrial Interest." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030287.

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The utilization of hydroxy fatty acids has gained more and more attention due to its applicability in many industrial building blocks that require it, for example, polymers or fragrances. Furthermore, hydroxy fatty acids are accessible from biorenewables, thus contributing to a more sustainable raw material basis for industrial chemicals. Therefore, a range of investigations were done on fatty acid hydratases (FAHs), since these enzymes catalyze the addition of water to an unsaturated fatty acid, thus providing an elegant route towards hydroxy-substituted fatty acids. Besides the discovery and

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Ferrer, E., A. Alegría, R. Farré, P. Abellán, and F. Romero. "Revision: Indicadores del deterioro de la calidad proteica y del valor nutritivo de la leche / Review: Indicators of damage of protein quality and nutritional value of milk." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 6 (1999): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500602.

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The nutritional value of milk can be negatively affected by thermal treatments. The quality of the proteins can be modified as a consequence of a set of reactions, the most important of which are the interactions between protein and carbohydrates, also known as Maillard reactions. These reactions can also occur when the storage conditions of moisture and temperature are unfavorable. The differ ent thermal treatments involved in processing milk (pasteurization, sterilization, drying, etc.) lead to different steps of the Maillard reaction and therefore to the formation of different compounds tha

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Urata, Kouichi, and Naotake Takaishi. "Applications of phase-transfer catalytic reactions to fatty acids and their derivatives: Present state and future potential." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 73, no. 7 (1996): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02517983.

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Park, Ji-Yeon, Md Amirul Alam Kanak, and In-Gu Lee. "Upgrading of Coffee Biocrude Oil Produced by Pyrolysis of Spent Coffee Grounds: Behavior of Fatty Acids in Supercritical Ethanol Reaction and Catalytic Cracking." Processes 9, no. 5 (2021): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050835.

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Spent coffee grounds contain lipids (fatty acids) in addition to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The reaction process for upgrading biocrude oil produced from spent coffee grounds is different from that followed for upgrading biomass pyrolysis oil, such as processes that utilize sawdust. The feasibility of upgrading coffee biocrude oil through a supercritical ethanol reaction with plastic pyrolysis oil and through catalytic cracking for the improvement of the undesirable properties of biocrude oil, caused by the presence of oxygenated compounds, was evaluated. The initial oxygen content

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Nazilya Sadiyeva, Sevil Isgenderova, Nazilya Sadiyeva, Sevil Isgenderova. "SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF MIXED ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIESTERS BASED ON PETROLEUM ACIDS CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 07, no. 03 (2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/0703202141.

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In order to increase the range of plasticizers and antioxidants using the ZnO catalyst, mixed ethylene glycol diesters based on petroleum and fatty acids were synthesized by a waste-free method. To determine the optimal conditions for obtaining the target products, the effect of temperature, the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of the components involved in the reaction for the maximum yield were studied and the optimal condition was established with a yield of 90-93. The properties of mixed diesters of petroleum acids have been studied, the physicochemical parameters have been determined b

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Cvetkovic, Ivana, Jelena Milic, Mihail Ionescu, and Zoran Petrovic. "Preparation of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester by ozonolysis of vegetable oils and its polycondensation." Chemical Industry 62, no. 6 (2008): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0806319c.

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Vegetable oil-based and potentially biodegradable polyesters were prepared from 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester. This paper describes ozonolysis of vegetable oils and the method for preparation of useful monomers and in particular 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester. Ozonolysis of soybean oil and castor oil in methanol and methylene chloride solution, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride was used to obtain a mixture of triols, diols and monols. Triglyceride triols were separated from the rest of the mixture and transesterified with methanol to obtain methyl esters of fatty acids a

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Nikolić, Nada Č., Suzana M. Cakić, Sanja M. Novaković, Mirjana D. Cvetković, and Mihajlo Z. Stanković. "Effect of extraction techniques on yield and composition of soybean oil." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 28, no. 2 (2009): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2009.208.

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This paper investigated the yield and chemical composition of soy seeds oils obtained by different solvents and by different extraction apparatuses with the aim to compare oils yield and composition. The maximal oil yield with trichloroethylene was achieved by the Soxhlet apparatus after 150 minutes of extraction (21.4 g/100 g) and very satisfactory yield of 20.4 g/100 g, with similar chemical composition, was achieved by reflux, only after 60 minutes. During the Tilepape extraction, the contact of oil with air was continuous and more intensive oxidation reactions occurred and γ-linolenic and

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Wang, Xiaoping, Bing Xiao, Guolong Yang, Jingnan Chen, and Wei Liu. "Enzymatic preparation of phytosterol esters with fatty acids from high-oleic sunflower seed oil using response surface methodology." RSC Advances 11, no. 25 (2021): 15204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01486b.

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Ong, Lu Ki, Phuong Lan Tran Nguyen, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, Suryadi Ismadji, and Yi-Hsu Ju. "Direct reuse of Cu-laden wastewater for non-edible oil hydrolysis: basic mechanism of metal extraction and fatty acid production." RSC Advances 6, no. 30 (2016): 25359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23153a.

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Vujic, Djura, Marijana Acanski, Marija Bodroza-Solarov, Nikola Hristov, and Milica Krunic. "Performance of GC-MS analysis for differentiation of various types of flour by creating dendrogram of liposoluble extract." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 4-1 (2012): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq120209030v.

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Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for performing a qualitative analysis of liposoluble flour extract made of different types of small grains (bread wheat, barley and triticale). The results show that the dominant methyl-esters of fatty acids composition is same for all samples, but the percentage of their representation in various types of small grains is different. Transesterification reagent was TMSH (Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide, 0.2M in methanol). With transesterification reaction fatty acids from acilglycerol esterifyed to methyl-esters. In all extract analyzed methyl lin

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Aparaschivei, Diana, Anamaria Todea, Iulia Păuşescu та ін. "Synthesis, characterization and enzymatic degradation of copolymers of ε-caprolactone and hydroxy-fatty acids". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, № 12 (2016): 1191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0920.

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AbstractNew copolymers of ε-caprolactone with three hydroxy-fatty acids, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and ricinoleic acid, were synthesized by catalytic polyesterification. The reactions were carried out in solvent-free systems and in organic solvents as well, using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst, at different temperatures and molar ratios of the comonomers. Cyclic and linear polymeric products with medium molar weight of about 2000 Da have been synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The synthesis paramete

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