Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fatty Acids, Omega-6

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fatty Acids, Omega-6'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fatty Acids, Omega-6"

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Feliu, María, Anabel Impa Condori, Inés Fernandez, and Nora Slobodianik. "Omega 3 Fatty Acids vs Omega 6 Fatty Acids." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac077.015.

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Abstract Objectives Dietary lipids have a very important role in nutrition and must be ingested in an appropriate proportion. Objective: To study the effect of w3 fatty acid supplementation of a diet containing sunflower oil (rich in fatty acids omega 6) as fat source, on serum fatty acid profiles of growing rats. Methods Weanling Wistar rats received during 10 days normocaloric diet and fat was provided by sunflower oil (S group). The others groups received the same diet supplemented with 24mg/day of fish oil (SF group) or chía oil (SCh group). Control group (C) received AIN´93 diet. Serum fatty acids profiles were determined by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis used ANOVA test. Results Results: (expressed as %Area) SERUM: OLEIC C:10.11 ± 1.84, S:12.13 ± 3.84, SCh:12.74 ± 1.56, SF: 13.12 ± 2.82; ARACHIDONIC C:13.40 ± 4.39, S:17.61 ± 4.09, SCh: 15.75 ± 0.89, SF:15.41 ± 1.76; LINOLEIC C:20.52 ± 3.37, S: 19.80 ± 3.36, SCh: 21.14 ± 2.12, SF: 18.92 ± 3.87; LINOLENIC (ALA) C:0.93 ± 0.27a, S:0.19 ± 0.06 b, SCh: 0.28 ± 0.08b, SF:0.22 ± 0.05b; EPA C:0.80 ± 0.22, S:0.68 ± 0.15, SCh: 0.74 ± 0.18, SF: 0.67 ± 0.14; DHA C:1.60 ± 0.55a, S:1.14 ± 0.35a, SCh:1.70 ± 0.45a, SF:4.22 ± 0.93b. Media that didn't present a letter (a, b) in common, were different (p < 0.01). In sera, S, SF and SCh groups showed lower ALA levels compared to C. SF group presented high levels of DHA. Diet S was mainly a contributor to linoleic acid with a ratio w6/w3 = 250 (recommended value: 5–10). Conclusions The diet containing sunflower oil as fat source shows that ω6 family route was exacerbated; by the other hand ω3 family was depressed. Chia supplement showed a tendency towards higher values of w3 family but were significantly lower than C. Fish oil supplement increase significantly DHA values. Diet containing sunflower oil as fat source provoked changes in serum fatty acids profiles and the supplementation with w3 fatty acid provided by chía or fish oil do not increase ALA values significantly. Diet influences the serum fatty acid profile, being not only important the percentage of lipids on it but also the different fatty acids pattern. Funding Sources UBACyT: 20020190100093BA.
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Dupont, Jacqueline. "Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 10, no. 2 (April 1991): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1991.10738173.

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K.W.J.W. "Omega-6 essential fatty acids." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 10 (October 1990): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90251-6.

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Innes, Jacqueline K., and Philip C. Calder. "Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 132 (May 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004.

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Aryani, Titin, Fitria Siswi Utami, and Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih. "IDENTIFIKASI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA PADA ASI EKSKLUSIF MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI GC-MS." Journal of Health Studies 1, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhes.180.

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Abstract: Quantitative research aims to identify the omega fatty acids in exclusive breast milk (ASI) Exclusive. The data analysis used data chromatogram Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The data generated is breast milk (ASI) had higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids amounting to 28.24%, omega-6 and omega of 0.57% 9 at 26.56%. The conclusion from this study is there is the content of omega-3, omega-6, omega-9 fatty acids in breast milk (ASI). Highest levels of omega fatty acids in breast milk is the omega-3 fatty acid that is equal to 28.24%.Keywords: milk, omega fatty acids, GC-MS
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Haag, Marianne. "Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 3 (April 2003): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800308.

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Objective: To review the role of essential fatty acids in brain membrane function and in the genesis of psychiatric disease. Method: Medline databases were searched for published articles with links among the following key words: essential fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexanoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, arachidonic acid, neurotransmission, phospholipase A2, depression, schizophrenia, mental performance, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry textbooks were consulted on the role of fatty acids in membrane function, neurotransmission, and eicosanoid formation. The 3-dimensional structures of fatty acids were obtained from the Web site of the Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona (2001). Results: The fatty acid composition of neuronal cell membrane phospholipids reflects their intake in the diet. The degree of a fatty acid's desaturation determines its 3-dimensional structure and, thus, membrane fluidity and function. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular, influences various aspects of serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission, as shown by studies in animal models. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids from membrane phospholipids: liberated omega-6 PUFAs are metabolized to prostaglandins with a higher inflammatory potential, compared with those generated from the omega-3 family. Thus the activity of PLA2 coupled with membrane fatty acid composition may play a central role in the development of neuronal dysfunction. Intervention trials in human subjects show that omega-3 fatty acids have possible positive effects in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, but more data are needed to make conclusive directives in this regard. Conclusion: The ratio of membrane omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs can be modulated by dietary intake. This ratio influences neurotransmission and prostaglandin formation, processes that are vital in the maintenance of normal brain function.
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Sefer, Dragan, Stamen Radulovic, Dejan Peric, Matija Sefer, Lazar Makivic, Svetlana Grdovic, and Radmila Markovic. "Domestic chicken omega 3 – a product for promoting human health." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 854, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012081.

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Abstract Literature data show that the relationship between two groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet, omega 3 acids, whose basic representative is a-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3), and omega 6 acids, whose basic representative is linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6), has a significant role in development of cardiovascular diseases in humans. The optimal ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids is around 4:1. In monogastric animals, the fatty acids in feed are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract largely unchanged. This means the fatty acid profile of the animal’s diet directly reflects the fatty acid profile of the tissue. The daily intake of unsaturated fatty acids can be increased by an adequate animal nutrition strategy. Flaxseed contains ten times more unsaturated (32.26%) than saturated (3.66%) fatty acids. The largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (about 70%) is a-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a precursor of the entire omega 3 series of fatty acids, and which makes flaxseed an ideal raw material for the production of a wide range of omega 3 enriched products. In order to obtain chicken meat rich in omega 3, an experiment was organized with a specific diet for broilers at fattening. Thanks to the designed animal feed, it was possible to get products (meat, breast, drumstick, liver, subcutaneous fat) with significantly higher amounts of omega 3 fatty acids compared to the same products obtained from broilers fed with conventional mixtures, or with almost the ideal ratio between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids.
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M, Halim, and Halim A. "Omega 3 versus Omega 6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardio-Metabolic Health." Journal of Health Care and Research 1, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/hcr.6166.

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Background: Cardiometabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. These conditions are directly attributed to modifiable behaviors such as sedentary activity, poor diet, excessive consumption of alcohol, or smoking. Efforts aimed towards their prevention and management are, therefore, not only essential in the accomplishment of the healthy populations but also for eliminating the associated cost and health burdens. Dietary change is an important approach to the promotion of cardiometabolic health. Omega 3 (C20–22 ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have pleiotropic effects on the functioning of cells, control inflammatory factors, and cellular events in vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The hypolipemic, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids offer cardioprotection. Government agencies and national heart associations recommend increased consumption of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements and fish to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic health. Methods: The research study searched databases such as MEDLINE®, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL® and the Cochrane Library for relevant research studies evaluating the function/benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic functions published between 2011 and 2020. A total of 77 research studies were identified and used in the meta-analysis. Results: Results from the meta-analysis indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular disease by limiting inflammation of blood vessels, reducing thrombosis, increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins, reducing levels of low-density lipoproteins, and reducing risk factors associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Given the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular diseases indicted in the meta-analysis. Therefore, human diets must contain the required amounts of PUFA due to the associated benefits.
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SOBCZAK, S., A. HONIG, A. CHRISTOPHE, M. MAES, R. W. C. HELSDINGEN, S. DE VRIESE, and W. J. RIEDEL. "Lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in first-degree relatives of bipolar patients." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001090.

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Background. Lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids have been reported in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. Changes in cholesterol and fatty acids have been suggested to affect membrane viscosity and consequently serotonergic neurotransmitter expression.The goal of this study was to investigate whether lower baseline cholesterol and increased omega-6 and lower omega-3 fatty acids are present in healthy first-degree relatives of bipolar patients compared with controls and whether these changes were associated with neuroendocrine responses to an i.v. tryptophan challenge or mood.Method. Baseline cholesterol, fatty acids and mood were determined in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorders (N=30) and healthy matched controls (N=15) (parallel-group design). Prolactin and cortisol were measured following tryptophan infusion.Results. First-degree relatives showed significantly lower plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased total omega-6 fatty acids in phospholipids. Lower total omega-3 and higher total omega-6 fatty acids in phospholipids were positively correlated with peak prolactin response to tryptophan. Lower total omega-3 fatty acids in phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were associated with lower mood.Conclusions. Abnormalities of lower plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased total omega-6 fatty acids in phospholipids in these subjects are in agreement with findings in bipolar and major depressed patients. Changes in fatty acids show an association with central serotonergic parameters. It is suggested that these abnormalities in cholesterol and fatty acids may constitute a trait marker for bipolar disorders.
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Harris, William S., and Gregory C. Shearer. "Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease." Circulation 130, no. 18 (October 28, 2014): 1562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.012534.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fatty Acids, Omega-6"

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Purwaha, Preeti. "Effect of Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Alcoholic Liver Disease." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26488.

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PUFAs have been shown to modulate ALD by several mechanisms, including free radical generation from hepatic lipid peroxidation. However, how they modulate lipid peroxidation and generation of bioactive metabolites in ALD is poorly understood and it is still not clear which PUFAs (?-3 or ?-6) are beneficial or detrimental in ALD. Thus, our objective was to study the effect of ?-3/?-6 PUFAs on lipid peroxidation and ethanol mediated steatosis and inflammation. Using standard liquid diet (LDC), LDC with fish oil (rich in ?-3) and safflower oil (rich in ?-6), we studied the generation of bioactive metabolites, such as eicosanoids and free radicals generated via lipid peroxidation. In addition, we determined the effect of PUFAs on several inflammatory and fibrotic factors, e.g. gene as well as protein expression, using western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. We also investigated the effect of PUFA diets on novel targets, such as hepatic membrane transporters with potential role in liver inflammation. Our results suggest that ?-3 diet prevented while ?-6 based diets promoted the development of fatty liver and inflammation. ?-3 PUFA reduced AA-peroxidation by lowering hepatic AA concentration and expression of peroxidation enzymes, COX-2 and 5-LOX, resulting in lower generation of pro-inflammatory AA-derived PGs (Series-2), HETEs and free radicals, along with increase in anti-inflammatory EPA and DHA-derived PGs (Series-3). ?-3 diet might also reduce liver inflammation by preventing activation of NF-?B and induction of TNF-?. Rats fed with ?-3 diet showed high protein expression of efflux transporters, MRP-2 and ABCA1, indicating elimination of peroxidation metabolites and triglycerides from the liver and decreased inflammation. In contrast, ?-6 diets led to increase in AA-peroxidation and generation of AA-derived pro-inflammatory metabolites. ?-6 based diets also promoted fatty liver and inflammation by activating NF-?B, inducing TNF-? and downregulation of efflux transporters, MRP-2 and ABCA1. This study not only provides new insights into the effects and possible mechanisms by which ?-3 and ?-6 PUFAs may alter hepatic steatosis and inflammation, but also put forward new targets of research, such as hepatic membrane transporters in relation to liver pathology in ALD.
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Novak, Elizabeth Marie. "Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and neonatal liver metabolism." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36743.

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It is well-known that the n-3 fatty acids are important regulators of fat and glucose metabolism in adult liver; however, to date most research on the importance of n-3 fatty acids in early development has focused on the brain, with little consideration of effects on other organs. This research addressed the importance of the essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the liver during early development. A series of studies were conducted to address the impact of the amount, balance, and types of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the maternal diet and infant milk diet on lipids, protein abundance, gene expression, and relevant metabolites in the developing liver. Using milk-formula fed piglets, the first study demonstrated that the supply of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids impacts infant liver fatty acids, with high dietary n-6 fatty acids decreasing hepatic n-3 fatty acids in a pattern similar to n-3 fatty acid deficiency. Using the rat to address the impact of maternal fatty acid nutrition in gestation and lactation on the infant liver, the second study showed that adding n-3 fatty acids to the maternal diet lead to higher long chain n-3 fatty acids in neonatal liver, and this was associated with higher expression of enzymes of fatty acid oxidation and lower expression of enzymes of glycolysis and amino acid catabolism, with altered amino acid patterns when compared to n-3 fatty acid deficiency. In the third study, providing long chain n-3 fatty acids in the maternal diet led to marked increase in long chain n-3 fatty acids in milk and in the liver of the milk-fed rat pups, and this was associated with lower gene expression for enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis and higher gene expression for an enzyme of ketogenesis in the neonatal liver. These studies provide new knowledge to show that the amount, types and balance of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in the maternal and infant diet are relevant to hepatic metabolic regulation in the early postnatal period. Nutrition support of young infants should consider the needs and functions of n-3 fatty acids beyond the brain.
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Wang, Lei. "MODULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL ACTIVATION BY OMEGA-6 AND OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/573.

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Endothelial activation is considered to be an early and critical event in the pathology of atherogenesis which can be modified by environmental factors such as diet, pollutants, and lifestyle habits. Dietary andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids have been reported to either amplify or diminish inflammatory responses related to atherosclerosis development. However, the interactions of andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids with inflammatory cytokines or organic pollutants on endothelial cell activation are not well understood. The studies presented in this dissertation tested the hypothesis that andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids alone, or in varying ratios can differently modulate pro-atherogenic mediators and inflammatory responses that are initiated by tumor necrosis factor- andamp;aacute; (TNF-andamp;aacute;) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in endothelial cells. Exposure to TNF-andamp;aacute; induced oxidative stress, p38 MAPK, NF-andamp;ecirc;B, COX-2 and PGE2, which was amplified by pre-enrichment with linoleic acid but blocked or reduced by andamp;aacute;-linolenic acid. Furthermore, TNF-andamp;aacute;-induced caveolin-1 up-regulation and the co-localization of TNF receptor-1 with caveolin-1 was markedly increased in the presence of linoleic acid and diminished by andamp;aacute;-linolenic acid. Silencing of the caveolin-1 gene completely blocked TNF-andamp;aacute;-induced production of COX-2 and PGE2 and significantly reduced the amplified response of linoleic acid plus TNF-andamp;aacute;. These data suggest that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can differentially modulate TNF-andamp;aacute;-induced inflammatory stimuli and that caveolae and its fatty acid composition play a regulatory role in these observed metabolic events. Besides cytokines, lipophilic environmental contaminants such as PCBs can also trigger inflammatory events in endothelial cells. Our data suggest that increasing the relative amount of andamp;aacute;-linolenic acid to linoleic acid can markedly decrease oxidative stress and NF-andamp;ecirc;B-responsive genes. The inhibitor study revealed that the modulation effect of andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids on PCB toxicity was mainly through the oxidative stress sensitive transcription factor, NF-andamp;ecirc;B. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that different dietary fats can selectively modulate vascular cytotoxicity caused by TNF-andamp;aacute; as well as by persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs. We also demonstrated the important relevance of substituting dietary andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids such as andamp;aacute;-linolenic acid for andamp;ugrave;-6 fatty acid such as linoleic acid in reducing cardiovascular diseases.
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Orchard, Tonya Sue. "Fatty Acids and Risk of Fracture in Postmenopausal Women." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306513275.

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Lewis, Amanda Gloria. "Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia with Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Systematic Review." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd458.pdf.

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Ross, Trinette Noel. "Evaluation of bone biochemical markers and inflammatory markers in yearlings fed varying ratios of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1036.

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Franko, Bettina. "Use of Dietary Supplementation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids to Delay Onset of Learning and Memory Deficits in TgCRND8 Mice." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31933.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, involving metabolic dysfunction, pathogenic aggregation of amyloid beta, and deteriorating cognitive function. Patients exhibit deficiency in omega-3,-6,-9 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in plasma and brain membrane phospholipids, suggesting aberrant fatty acid metabolism influences pathology. Cognitive benefits of omega UFAs in AD remain unknown. Here, I examined effects of a four-month dietary supplementation with UFAs for capacity to alter learning and memory behaviour in an AD mouse model. Cognitive impairment in a fifth generation backcross (N5) C57BL/6Crl X C3H/HeJ TgCRND8 (Tg) mice was compared to control (NonTg) littermates, with respect to both males and females, at six months of age using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Impairment differed between sexes; female Tg mice were severely impaired, whereas male Tg mice displayed delayed learning. A reduced visual acuity in Tg and NonTg mice, shown by adapted SLAG reflex test, did not impair spatial navigation in cued MWM. A four-month omega-6/-9 UFA oral treatment (75 mg/kg/day) improved learning and memory of Tg mice as compared to vehicle and untreated controls. Omega-3 UFAs, or vehicle alone, did not alter learning and memory of Tg and NonTg mice. Thus, dietary supplementation, particularly when enriched in omega-6/9 UFAs, can affect neural function, and delay conversion from a presymptomatic to symptomatic state in the TgCRND8 mouse model.
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Arnold, Andrew Richard. "Lipid oxidation in a model system and in meat." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14168.

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Lipid oxidation is the main factor which limits the shelf-life of meat when held under frozen storage. Research undertaken used pork phospholipid liposomes as a model for studying lipid oxidation in meat. Oxidation was followed by monitoring the decrease in the phospholipid unsaturated fatty acyl chains. It was found that the greater the level of unsaturation of the phospholipid fatty acyl chain the greater was their susceptibility to peroxidation. However, the results were not consistent and several reasons for the variation in rate are provided. At ambient temperatures copper (II) was found to be pro-oxidant in the peroxidation of liposomes. At temperatures below 0°C the prooxidant activity of copper (II) was significantly reduced. However copper again became highly pro-oxidant if sodium chloride was present. It is suggested that salt controls the copper ion concentration at sub-zero temperatures as the pro-oxidant activity of copper (II) is reduced on increasing the copper (II) concentration from 0.9 to 90 ppm. Other experiments found sodium nitrite and pholyphosphate to act as antioxidant and that liposome structure was an important factor in the rate of peroxidation. Four storage trials on pork burgers were undertaken to determine whether salt was also pro-oxidant in the stability of pork when held under frozen storage. The oxidative deterioration of the meat was followed by the following methods of analysis:- 1. The decrease in the unsaturated acyl chains of both total lipid and phospholipid. 2. The change in the colour parameters of the meat using reflectance spectroscopy. 3. The analysis of neutral lipid oxidation products by HPLC. 4. The organoleptic qualities of the pork using a trained panel of food assessors. The results from these storage trails showed that the deterioration of pork was minimised by storing the burgers at lower temperatures within the range 0 to -30°C. Salt was found to accelerate the oxidative deterioration of both uncooked and cooked pork when stored at -20°C. Nitrite was found to exhibit some antioxidant behaviour and reduce the pro-oxidant effect of salt.
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Galles, Deborah Pedroso. "Importância da relação dos ácidos graxos omega-6/omega-3 na alimentação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-14052015-095032/.

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O experimento foi realizado no Biotério Experimental da USP em Pirassununga - SP. Na primeira fase foram utilizados 42 coelhos machos em crescimento da raça Nova Zelândia mantidos individualmente durante todo o experimento. O ensaio biológico totalizou 150 dias. Na Fase 1 os animais receberam dietas com indução de hipercolesterolemia (0,5% de colesterol), com desequilíbrio na proporção de Omega-6/Omega-3 (n-6:n-3) de 15:1 e vice versa e balanço na proporção de n-6:n-3 de 4:1 (controle), totalizando 6 ensaios, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 7 grupos de 6 coelhos cada. Óleos de girassol e de peixe foram utilizados como fontes de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados n-6 e n-3, respectivamente. Na Fase 2, os animais remanescentes continuaram recebendo as mesmas dietas, exceto no grupo B (hipercolesterolemia) que passou a receber o tratamento controle para verificar o efeito. No final da Fase 1, três animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados com retirada da artéria aorta para determinação de placas lipídicas, histopatológica, colesterol total e imunohistoquímica para verificação da expressão da enzima LDL-receptor e determinação histopatológica do tecido hepático. Em soro foram realizadas determinações de perfil de ácidos graxos, colesterol total, LDL e HDL-colesterol e triacilgliceróis. Células endoteliais aórticas de coelhos foram isoladas para a realização do teste dose resposta com óleo de peixe para identificar a melhor relação do consumo destes ácidos graxos comparando com o experimento in vivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar os efeitos do fornecimento de cada dieta sobre o teor de colesterol total, LDLcolesterol, HDL-colesterol e triacilgliceróis em sangue de coelhos. No geral, o perfil de ácidos graxos no soro correspondeu diretamente com a dieta consumida. Os principais efeitos dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados Omega 3 foi a redução dos lipídios séricos quando os coelhos remanescentes da dieta hipercolesterolêmica (0,5% de colesterol e n-6:n-3 de 2:1) passaram a receber o equilíbrio da relação de ácidos graxos 4:1 de n-6:n-3. O teor de colesterol total no soro, artérias e o crescimento dos ateromas foram influenciados pelo elevado consumo de ácidos graxos n-6 e n-3 associados à adição de colesterol nas dietas. Por outro lado verificamos que o excesso de Omega 3 associado ou não ao colesterol contribuiu para o agravamento das placas ateroscleróticas inclusive deposição de cálcio nas mesmas e paredes endoteliais. Provavelmente, o excesso de n-3 tenha ocasionado efeito contrário às suas funções anti-inflamatória, antiagregatória e anti-trombótica. Dietas hipercolesterolêmicas provocaram esteatose hepática e o elevado consumo de Omega-6 em detrimento do baixo consumo de Omega -3 induziram hepatite crônica. Já o consumo elevado de Omega-3, sem colesterol, regrediu a esteatose hepática nos animais. O consumo equilibrado de n-6:n-3 reduziu a expressão da enzima LDL-receptor no grupo que anteriormente recebeu dieta hipercolesterolêmica. Ressaltando-se a importância do consumo equilibrado destes ácidos graxos já que esta enzima é controlada pelo colesterol livre circulante. No teste dose-resposta em células endoteliais da aorta de coelhos foi evidenciado que a melhor proporção de n-6:n-3 seria de 9 vezes mais do que a concentração de Omega 3 recomendada de 5:1.
The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Biotery by USP in Pirassununga - SP. In the first phase were used 42 male rabbits growing New Zealand breed individually maintained throughout the experiment. The biological assay amounted to 150 days. In phase 1, the animals received diets induced hypercholesterolemia (0.5% cholesterol) with imbalance in the ratio of Omega-6 / Omega-3 (n-6 / n-3) 15:1 and vice versa, and balance the ratio of n-6 / n-3 of 4:1 (control), totaling six tests, which were randomly divided into 7 groups of six rabbits each. Sunflower and fish oils were used as sources of fatty acids polyunsaturated n-6 and n-3, respectively. In Phase 2, the remaining animals continued to receive the same diets except in group B (hypercholesterolemia) who went on to receive the control treatment to check the effect. At the end of Phase 1, three animals from each group were sacrificed with the aorta artery removed for determination of lipid plaques, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and total cholesterol to verify the expression of LDL-receptor enzyme and determination of histopathological liver tissue. In serum profile were made determinations of fatty acids, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Aortic endothelial cells of rabbits were isolated to perform the dose response test with fish oil to identify the best value for the consumption of these fatty acids compared to the in vivo experiment. The objective of this work was to monitor the effects of provision for each diet on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDLcholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of rabbits. In general, the profile of fatty acids in serum corresponded directly with the diet consumed. The main effects of polyunsaturated Omega 3 fatty acids was the reduction of serum lipids when the remaining rabbits with hypercholesterolemic diet (0.5% cholesterol and n-6: n-3 2:1) have received the balance of the relationship fatty acid 4:1 n-6: n-3. The total cholesterol content in serum, the growth of arteries and atheroma were influenced by a high intake of n-6 fatty acids and n-3 associated with the addition of cholesterol in diets. On the other hand we verified that the excess of Omega 3 with or without cholesterol contributed to the aggravation of the atherosclerotic plaques including deposition of calcium in them and endothelial walls. Probably the excess of n-3 has caused the opposite effect to their anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-aggregatory functions. Hypercholesterolemic diets caused hepatic steatosis and high intake of Omega-6 to the detriment of low consumption of Omega -3 induced chronic hepatitis. High consumption of Omega-3, no cholesterol, decreased hepatic steatosis in animals. Highlighting the importance of the balanced intake of this fatty acids, since this enzyme is controlled by circulating free cholesterol. In dose-response test in endothelial cells of the rabbits aorta was evident that the best ratio of n-6: n-3, nine times more than the recommended concentration of Omega 3 to 5:1.
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Lopes, Débora Cristina Nichelle. "Óleo de linhaça na dieta de frangos de corte." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2607.

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A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean oil by linseed oil on performance, carcass traits, physicochemical characteristics, sensory properties of meat and plasma biochemical profile of poultry. A total of 448 one day old male birds (Cobb 500) where randomly allotted to 4 treatments and 8 replications in a completely randomized assay for 35 days. The following treatments were tested: T1 = 100% soybean oil (SO) as the main dietary energy source; T2 = 50% SO and 50% linseed oil (LO); T3 = 25% SO and 75% LO; and T4 = 100% LO. Performance of birds was not affected (P>0.05) when LO replaced SO in the diets during the whole experimental period. Additionally, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in carcass traits of birds fed diets containing LO. Moreover, plasma biochemical profile was not affected (P>0.05) as the level of LO increased in the diets. Omega-3 fatty acids (n3-PUFA) increased in the meat, omega-6 fatty acids (n6-PUFA) and meat n6:n3 decreased as the dietary level of LO was increased. Reduction of drumstick fat was observed increasing levels of LO in the diet (P<0,05). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for dry matter, protein, fat and cholesterol in the meat. Also, no significant differences (P>0.05) were found for physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of meat. Replacing SO by LO in the diet might be carried out with no effect on performance, carcass traits and biochemical profile of poultry. Dietary LO enriched poultry meat with C18:3n3, C20:3n3 e C20:5n3 and reduced n6:n3 ratio without any negative effects on chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of meat.
O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da substituição do óleo de soja pelo óleo de linhaça sobre o desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça, características químicas, instrumentais, sensoriais e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne além do perfil bioquímico sérico de frangos de corte. Utilizou-se 448 frangos da linhagem Cobb 500, machos, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em 4 tratamentos, com 8 repetições, em um delineamento completamente casualizado, por um período de 35 dias. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 = 100% de óleo de soja (OS) como principal fonte energética; T2 = 50% de OS e 50% de óleo de linhaça (OL); T3 = 25% de OS e 75% de OL; e T4 = 100% de OL. A substituição do OS pelo OL na dieta não afetou (P>0,05) o desempenho produtivo dos frangos durante todo o período experimental. Também não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) sobre as características de carcaça das aves que receberam OL na dieta. Da mesma forma, os níveis plasmáticos dos frangos não diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) com o aumento de óleo de linhaça na dieta. O aumento do OL na dieta promoveu o incremento de ácidos graxos da família ômega-3 (3n-AGPI), a redução de ácidos graxos da família ômega-6 (6n-AGPI) e da relação 6n-AGPI:3n-AGPI na carne. Houve redução no teor de gordura da sobrecoxa com o aumento de OL na dieta (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) no percentual de matéria seca, proteína, gordura e colesterol na carne. Também não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) sobre as características físicoquímicas e sensoriais da carne. A substituição do OS pelo OL na dieta de frangos de corte pode ser realizada sem afetar o desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça e perfil bioquímico. O OL na dieta de frangos de corte promoveu o enriquecimento da carne com C18:3n3, C20:3n3 e C20:5n3 e a redução na relação 6n- AGPI:3n-AGPI, sem afetar a composição química e as características físicoquímicas e sensoriais da carne.
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Books on the topic "Fatty Acids, Omega-6"

1

De Meester, Fabien, Ronald Ross Watson, and Sherma Zibadi, eds. Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5.

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Goodman, Jonathan. The Omega solution: Unleash the amazing, scientifically based healing power of Omega-3 & -6 fatty acids. Roseville, Calif: Prima Health, 2001.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Dietary [Omega] 3 and [Omega] 6 Fatty Acids: Biological Effects and Nutritional Essentiality (1988 Belgirate, Italy). Dietary [omega] 3 and [omega] 6 fatty acids: Biological effects and nutritional essentiality. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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F, Horrobin David, ed. Omega-6 essential fatty acids: Pathophysiology and roles in clinical medicine. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss, 1990.

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1933-, Simopoulos Artemis P., Meester Fabien De, and International Congress on the Columbus Concept (6th : 2008 : Geneva, Switzerland), eds. A balanced omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, cholesterol and coronary heart disease. Basel: Karger, 2009.

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1947-, Robinson Jo, ed. The aphrodite diet: How eating the right fats can change your life. London: Vermilion, 1999.

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Meester, Fabien De. Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids: Functions, Sustainability Strategies and Perspectives. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013.

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Ann, Castro, and Krevat Claudia Galfore, eds. Ann Louise Gittleman's eat fat, lose weight cookbook. Los Angeles: Keats Pub., 2001.

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Pique, G. G. Omega-6: Excess polyunsaturate folly : new diet oil/fiber heart health. San Diego, CA: Omega-3 Project, 1988.

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World Council on Genetics, Nutrition, and Fitness for Health. Conference. Healthy agriculture, healthy nutrition, healthy people. Edited by Simopoulos Artemis P. 1933-. Basel: Karger, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fatty Acids, Omega-6"

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Chirmade, Tejas P., Smrati Sanghi, Ashwini V. Rajwade, Vidya S. Gupta, and Narendra Y. Kadoo. "Balancing Omega-6: Omega-3 Ratios in Oilseeds." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 203–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_15.

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Huang, Xin, and Jie V. Zhao. "Omega-6 Fatty Acids." In Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_25-1.

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Köfeler, Harald C. "Omega-6 Fatty Acids." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_17-1.

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Huang, Xin, and Jie V. Zhao. "Omega-6 Fatty Acids." In Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications, 389–401. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07389-2_25.

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De Meester, Fabien. "Introduction: The Economics of Omega-6/3." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 3–11. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_1.

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Burri, Lena, and Kjetil Berge. "Recent Findings on Cardiovascular and Mental Health Effects of Krill Oil and Omega-3 Phospholipids." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 179–91. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_10.

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Duttaroy, Asim K., and Sanjay Basak. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Angiogenesis: A Review." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 193–208. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_11.

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Christophersen, Olav A. "Why Is There So Much DHA in the Brain, Retina and Testis? Possible Implications for Human Reproduction and the Survival of Our Species." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 209–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_12.

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Winkler, J. T. "Where Will Future LC-Omega-3 Come From? Towards Nutritional Sustainability." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 247–65. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_13.

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Hill, Simeon L. "Prospects for a Sustainable Increase in the Availability of Long Chain Omega 3s: Lessons from the Antarctic Krill Fishery." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 267–96. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fatty Acids, Omega-6"

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Schick, Paul K., Barbara P. Schick, and Pat Webster. "THE EFFECT OF OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS ON MEGAKARYOCYTE ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLISM." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642953.

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Dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to prevent atherosclerosis. It has been proposed that omega 3 fatty acids modify platelet arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism and platelet function and thereby reduce the incidence of thrombosis. We have previously shown that megakaryocytes (MK), like platelets, contain large amounts of esterified 20:4. The study addresses the following questions: 1) Do omega 3 fatty acids have a primary action on 20:4 metabolism in MK rather than in platelets. 2) Do omega 3 marine oils, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), have a different effect on megakaryocyte 20:4 metabolism than does alpha linolenic acid (18:3), the major omega-3 fatty acid present in normal diets? 3) How do omega-3 fatty acids modify megakaryocyte 20:4 acid metabolism? MK and platelets were isolated from guinea pigs. Isolated cells were incubated with radiolabeled 20:4 acid and unlabeled 18:3, 20:5 or 22:6. Incubations were terminated by lipid extraction, lipid classes were separated by thin-layer chromatography and the incorporation of radiolabeled 20:4 into lipid species was measured by scintillation spectrometry.MK (106) can incorporate about 4 times more 20:4 than 109 platelets. We have previously shown that 20:4 is incorporated into all endogenous pools of 20:4 in MK while platelets appear to have a limited capacity to incorporate 20:4 into phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE). Marine oils, 22:6 and 20:5, had similar effects on the incorporation of radiolabeled 20:4 in MK. Both marine oils reduced the total uptake of 20:4 in megakaryocytes but the reduction occured primarily in PE and phosphatidylserine (PS) rather than in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Both 20:5 and 22:6 caused a 50% reduction in the incorporation of radiolabeled 20:4 into megakaryocyte PE and PS while only a 20% reduction into PC and PI. There was a striking difference in the effect of 18:3. Even though the incubation of megakaryocytes with 18:3 reduced the uptake of 20:4, the distribution of the incorporated 20:4 in phospholipids of megakaryocytes incubated with 18:3 was similar to that in controls. Thus, 18:3 did not have a selective effect on the incorporation of 20:4 into PE or PS. Whereas megakaryocyte 20:4 metabolism was significantly affected by omega-3 fatty acids, the incubation of guinea pig or human platelets with 22:6, 20:5 or 18:3 did not result in any alteration of the incorporation of 20:4 into platelet phospholipids.20:4 may be initially incorporated into megakaryocyte PC and subsequently transfered to PE and other phospholipids. Omega 3 marine oils, 20:5 and 22:6, appear to have a selective action on the incorporation or transfer of 20:4 into PE and PS. One mechanism for these observations would be an effect of marine oils on megakaryocyte acyltransferase and/or transacylases. Omega 3 linolenic acid appears to reduce the uptake of 20:4 but does not affect the transfer of 20:4 into PE and PS since there was no selective inhibition of uptake into PE or other megakaryocyte phospholipids. The observation that marine oils did not have any effect on 20:4 metabolism in platelets indicated that omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids primarily affect megakaryocytes. This phenomenon may result in the production of platelets with abnormal content and compartmentalization of arachidonic acid. The localization of 20:4 in different pools in these platelets could influence the availability of esterified 20:4 for the production of thromboxanes and other eicosanoids. Another implication of the study is that omega 3 fatty acids may have a greater effect on precursor cells than on differentiated cells and tissues and influence cellular maturation.
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Brenna, J. Thomas. "How does knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids inform the food system?" In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cfsw6115.

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With over 40,000 studies published, omega-3s are among most studied compounds in all of biology. We know a great deal about their metabolism, genetics, and nutrition that has not been translated into the global industrial food system. Development and maintenance of the human and general neural function depends on a balanced nutritional supply of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA. Omega-3s are the most labile of oil components, leading to rancidity during processing and limiting shelf-life. Recent research has clarified the roles of the human FADS1 and FADS2 genes as key to conversion of precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to bioactive products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid ((DHA). FADS2 is a promiscuous desaturase enzyme that inserts double bonds at the 4, 6, and 8 positions and acts on at least 16 substrates including numerous saturated fatty acids, while FADS1 is highly specific to 5 desaturation and C20 substrates. FADS gene polymorphisms lead primarily to modulation of circulating arachidonic acid in free living humans, which is likely to influence omega-3 requirements through biochemical competition at many levels. Natural, pre-industrial diets are high in saturated and monounsaturated fats, and supply dietary essential fatty acids at less than 4% of calories. Such diets support endogenous EPA and DHA biosynthesis at relatively robust levels, while diets high in PUFA inhibit EPA/DHA tissue accretion and create a metabolic demand. Recent recommendations focus on gently processed healthy foods rich in shortfall nutrients despite high saturated fat content have been advanced. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA have effects specific to each fatty acid, and both are more efficiently incorporated into tissue than when derived from precursors. Current evidence is that both are required for optimal health.
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Al-Haidose, Amal. "Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0144.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease characterised by airflow limitation. Several pro-inflammatory markers are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, and diet may be a modifiable risk factor for its progression & management. Dietary supplementation with omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) may be effective therapeutically in patient COPD. Aim: To determine the plasma basal level of inflammatory biomarkers in the study population, to determine the inflammatory biomarkers release from Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs), and to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFAs, on inflammatory biomarkers released from PBMCs. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 42 subjects; patients with COPD, 15 healthy smokers (HS), and 12 healthy groups (HNS). Selected biomarkers level was measured in Plasma and PBMCs by ELISA. Individual lipid profile analysis was carried out on RBCs fraction. Result: Plasma high levels of CRP and Fibrinogen and low level of CC-16 were observed in COPD patients when compared with healthy controls. The basal release of IL6, IL8, TNFα, and CD31 from PBMCs was significantly differing in COPD and HS groups compared to HNS group. Omega-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA) reduce IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α release from PBMCs. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in patients group was unmodified. Discussion: This study showed that high level of several inflammatory biomarkers that were detected systemically in COPD group might associate with the disease systemic inflammation. EPA and DHA possess the ability to reduce the cytokines production from COPD inflammatory immune cells. Additionally, no correlation was observed between fatty acid profile analysis and COPD.
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Hernandez-Molina, Gabriela, Carlos Castrejón-Morales, Omar Granados-Portillo, Ivette Cruz-Bautista, Narlly Ruiz-Quintero, Iliana Manjarrez, Diego Hernández-Ramírez, Guadalupe Lima, Miguel Astudillo-Angel, and Luis Llorente. "FRI0237 OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS IN SJöGREN’S SYNDROME: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH INFLAMMATION." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5646.

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Kulikov, Denis, Ruzaliya Ulanova, and Valentina Kolpakova. "COMPREHENSIVE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PROCESSING OF PEA FLOUR FOR FOOD AND FODDER PURPOSES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/06.

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Investigations were carried out to optimize the growth parameters of the symbiosis of cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 121 and the fungus Geotrichum candidum 977 on whey waters formed from pea flour as a secondary product in the production of protein concentrates after precipitation of proteins at the isoelectric point. The whey remaining after protein precipitation is bioconverted at optimal parameters of crop growth (pH of the medium, amount of inoculum, temperature) with the formation of microbial plant concentrate (MPC) for feed purposes. Serum cultures assimilated stachyose, glucose, maltose, arabinose, and other pentoses. The mass fraction of protein in the concentrate was 57.90-61.68 % of DS. The composition of MPC obtained from biomass is balanced in essential amino acids with a speed of 107-226 %. The fatty acid composition is represented by 97 % fatty acids and 3 % - esters, aldehydes, ketones with the properties of fragrances, photo stabilizers, odor fixers, preservatives and other compounds. The ratio of the sum of saturated and unsaturated acids is 1:3, the content of cis-isomers is 91.1 %, trans-isomers are 5.1 %, omega-6 fatty acids are 19.73 %. The quality and safety indicators indicated that it is promising for use in the diet of animals.
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Nurhaeni, Jaya Hardi, and Malik Suraih Suweco. "The composition of omega-3 and osmega-6 fatty acids in the fermentation of moringa (Moringa oleifera L) seed tempeh." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0059504.

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Fletcher, Rich. "Modifying oil and protein quality in hemp using modern conventional breeding approaches." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ugom7222.

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Cannabis sativa. has been cultivated as a source of high-quality fiber, nutritious grain and physiologically active molecules for thousands of years. Marijuana and hemp are both phenotypes of C. sativa, differentiated on the concentration of the psychoactive molecule delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) present in female flowers. Hemp, by definition, synthesizes less than 0.3% THC whereas all other plants would qualify as marijuana. Hemp grain is 30% lipid with a fatty acid composition elevated in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, particularly gamma-linolenic acid. Hemp is also recognized for a high protein content and well-balanced amino acid profile, making its protein properties comparable to soy. Cultivation of hemp in the United States ceased during the 1940s because the species became classified under Federal law as a Schedule 1 drug. As a result, no breeding of the species as a field crop occurred in the U.S. until the Agriculture Act of 2014 paved the way for its reintroduction to the agricultural landscape. To fill this void, New West Genetics has been employing traditional breeding approaches supported by modern statistical genomics to develop hemp varieties adapted to large-scale production in the United States. In concert, special focus has been paid to modifying lipid and protein profiles to improve the value of the grain upon receipt by processors. The talk will focus on these modifications and their value to both the food and feed market.
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Turina, E. L., S. G. Efimenko, Yu A. Kornev, and A. P. Liksutina. "Results of Сamelina oil assessment." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.35.

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Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz – is an annual oilseed crop in the family Brassicaceae. The aim of the research was to study oil obtained from camelina seeds cultivated in the Crimea. Determination of fatty acid composition was carried out on the gas chromatograph “Хроматэк – Кристалл 5000” (Hromatek - Crystal 5000); automatic dosing unit ДАЖ-2М (DAJ- 2M); capillary column SolGelWax 30m × 0.25 mm × 0.5 μm; carrier gas – helium; speed – 22 centimeters per second; programming temperature –178–230 °С. The preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using gas-liquid chromatography (GC) was performed in line with the methodology. The content of biologically active substances (tocopherols) in Camelina sativa oil was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectroscopy. To obtain biofuel, we used the transesterification of triglyceride (or triacylglycerols) of camelina oil with methyl alcohol using potassium hydroxide (or sodium) as a homogeneous catalyst, as well as active metal oxides or enzymes (regiospecific lipase) as heterogeneous catalysts. Camelina sativa oil, obtained from false flax cultivated in the Crimea, should be used, first of all, to ensure healthy, dietary and therapeutic nutrition of the locals and tourists. Since, depending on the variety and the amount of precipitation, it contains 17.89-19.66% of linoleic acid; 33.02-37.06% of linolenic acid; not more than 3.05% of erucic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids varies from 1.7: 1.0 to 2.2: 1.0 even in wet years. The oil from the winter camelina seeds (‘Penzyak’ variety) in its composition and properties is suitable for the synthesis of biodiesel by the methanolysis reaction using a homogeneous alkaline catalyst. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained biodiesel are similar to those of sunflower or rapeseed oils.
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Cugno, Chiara, Ganesh Halade, and Md Mizanur Rahman. "Omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil supplementation prevents rosiglitazone-induced osteopenia in aging mice." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0099.

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Rosiglitazone is an effective insulin-sensitizer, however, associated with bone loss mainly due to increased bone resorption, and bone marrow adiposity, and decreased bone formation. We investigated the effect of the co-administration of fish oil (FO) rich in omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) on rosiglitazone (RSG)-induced bone loss in aging C57BL/6 mice and the mechanisms underlying potential preventive effect. Mice fed the iso-caloric diet supplemented with fish oil exhibited significantly higher levels of bone density in different regions compared to the other groups. In the same cohort of mice, reduced activity of COX-2, enhanced activity of alkaline phosphatase, lower levels of cathepsin k, PPAR-γ, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed. Moreover, fish oil restored rosiglitazone-induced down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation and up-regulation of adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells and inhibited the up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation of RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. We finally tested our hypothesis on human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) differentiated to osteocytes and adipocytes confirming the beneficial effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 FA during treatment with rosiglitazone, through the down-regulation of adipogenic genes, such as adipsin and FABP4 along the PPARg/FABP4 axis, and reducing the capability of osteocytes to switch toward adipogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that fish oil may prevent rosiglitazone-induced bone loss by inhibiting inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis and by enhancing osteogenesis in the bone microenvironment. Further clinical studies will be undertaken to establish this treatment regimen for the successful treatment of diabetic patients with rosiglitazone without adverse side effects on bone.
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Lou, You-Rong, Qing-Yun Peng, Tao Li, Christopher M. Medvecky, George C. Wagner, and Yao-ping Lu. "Abstract 968: Effects of different types of high fat diets rich in omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids on uvb-induced complete skin carcinogenesis in skh-1 mice." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-968.

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Reports on the topic "Fatty Acids, Omega-6"

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A high omega-6 fatty acid diet is unlikely to prevent cardiovascular disease or deaths. National Institute for Health Research, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000736.

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